dbatools

0.9.209

allcommands.ps1

### DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE DIRECTLY ###
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Adds a computer certificate - useful for older systems.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Adds a computer certificate from a local or remote computer.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target SQL Server. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER Password
            The password for the certificate, if it is password protected.
 
        .PARAMETER Certificate
            The target certificate object.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The local path to the target certificate object.
 
        .PARAMETER Store
            Certificate store. Default is LocalMachine.
 
        .PARAMETER Folder
            Certificate folder. Default is My (Personal).
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Certificate
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Add-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -Path C:\temp\cert.cer
 
            Adds the local C:\temp\cert.cer to the remote server Server1 in LocalMachine\My (Personal).
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Add-DbaComputerCertificate -Path C:\temp\cert.cer
 
            Adds the local C:\temp\cert.cer to the local computer's LocalMachine\My (Personal) certificate store.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [securestring]$Password,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2[]]$Certificate,
        [string]$Path,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if ($Path) {
            if (!(Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path ($Path) does not exist." -Category InvalidArgument
                return
            }

            try {
                # This may be too much, but ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
                $bytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($Path)
                $Certificate = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                $Certificate.Import($bytes, $Password, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't import certificate." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }

        #region Remoting Script
        $scriptBlock = {

            param (
                $CertificateData,

                [securestring]$Password,

                $Store,

                $Folder
            )

            $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
            $cert.Import($CertificateData, $Password, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
            Write-Verbose "Importing cert to $Folder\$Store"
            $tempStore = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store($Folder, $Store)
            $tempStore.Open('ReadWrite')
            $tempStore.Add($cert)
            $tempStore.Close()

            Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
            Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$Store\$Folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint }
        }
        #endregion Remoting Script
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (-not $Certificate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either Certificate or Path" -Category InvalidArgument
            return
        }

        foreach ($cert in $Certificate) {

            try {
                $certData = $cert.Export([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType]::PFX, $Password)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't export certificate" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to import cert")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $certdata, $Password, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                            Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Adds a Performance Data Collector Counter.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Adds a Performance Data Collector Counter.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
     
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The Collector Set name.
 
        .PARAMETER Collector
            The Collector name.
     
        .PARAMETER Counter
            The Counter name. This must be in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollector via the pipeline.
     
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
                    
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' -Collector DataCollector01 -Counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length'
     
            Adds the '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' counter within the DataCollector01 collector within the System Correlation collector set on sql2017.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Out-GridView -PassThru | Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -Counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' -Confirm
     
            Allows you to select which Data Collector you'd like to add the counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' on localhost and prompts for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [Alias("Name")]
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [object[]]$Counter,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $Addxml = $args[1]
            $set = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $set.SetXml($Addxml)
            $set.Commit($setname, $null, 0x0003) #add or modify.
            $set.Query($setname, $Null)
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }
        
        if (($InputObject | Get-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Count -le 3 -and $InputObject.ComputerName -and $InputObject.Name) {
            # it's coming from Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter
            $ComputerName = $InputObject.ComputerName
            $Counter = $InputObject.Name
            $InputObject = $null
        }
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollector or Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter."
                return
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            $computer = $InputObject.ComputerName
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue
            $setname = $InputObject.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorname = $InputObject.Name
            $xml = [xml]($InputObject.DataCollectorSetXml)
            
            foreach ($countername in $counter) {
                $node = $xml.SelectSingleNode("//Name[.='$collectorname']")
                $newitem = $xml.CreateElement('Counter')
                $null = $newitem.PsBase.InnerText = $countername
                $null = $node.ParentNode.AppendChild($newitem)
                $newitem = $xml.CreateElement('CounterDisplayName')
                $null = $newitem.PsBase.InnerText = $countername
                $null = $node.ParentNode.AppendChild($newitem)
            }
            $plainxml = $xml.OuterXml
            
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Adding $counters to $collectorname with the $setname collection set")) {
                try {
                    $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $plainxml -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " $results"
                    Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $setname -Collector $collectorname -Counter $counter
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure importing $Countername to $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Backup-DbaDatabase {
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Backup one or more SQL Sever databases from a single SQL Server SqlInstance.
 
            .DESCRIPTION
                Performs a backup of a specified type of 1 or more databases on a single SQL Server Instance. These backups may be Full, Differential or Transaction log backups.
 
            .PARAMETER SqlInstance
                The SQL Server instance hosting the databases to be backed up.
 
            .PARAMETER SqlCredential
                Credentials to connect to the SQL Server instance if the calling user doesn't have permission.
 
            .PARAMETER Database
                The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
            .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
                The database(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
            .PARAMETER BackupFileName
                The name of the file to backup to. This is only accepted for single database backups.
                If no name is specified then the backup files will be named DatabaseName_yyyyMMddHHmm (i.e. "Database1_201714022131") with the appropriate extension.
 
                If the same name is used repeatedly, SQL Server will add backups to the same file at an incrementing position.
 
                SQL Server needs permissions to write to the specified location. Path names are based on the SQL Server (C:\ is the C drive on the SQL Server, not the machine running the script).
 
            .PARAMETER BackupDirectory
                Path in which to place the backup files. If not specified, the backups will be placed in the default backup location for SqlInstance.
                If multiple paths are specified, the backups will be striped across these locations. This will overwrite the FileCount option.
 
                If the path does not exist, Sql Server will attempt to create it. Folders are created by the Sql Instance, and checks will be made for write permissions.
 
                File Names with be suffixed with x-of-y to enable identifying striped sets, where y is the number of files in the set and x ranges from 1 to y.
 
            .PARAMETER CopyOnly
                If this switch is enabled, CopyOnly backups will be taken. By default function performs a normal backup, these backups interfere with the restore chain of the database. CopyOnly backups will not interfere with the restore chain of the database.
 
                For more details please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191495.aspx
 
            .PARAMETER Type
                The type of SQL Server backup to perform. Accepted values are "Full", "Log", "Differential", "Diff", "Database"
 
            .PARAMETER FileCount
                This is the number of striped copies of the backups you wish to create. This value is overwritten if you specify multiple Backup Directories.
 
            .PARAMETER CreateFolder
                If this switch is enabled, each database will be backed up into a separate folder on each of the paths specified by BackupDirectory.
 
            .PARAMETER CompressBackup
                If this switch is enabled, the function will try to perform a compressed backup if supported by the version and edition of SQL Server. Otherwise, this function will use the server's default setting for compression.
 
            .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
                Sets the size of the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple of 64kb.
 
            .PARAMETER Blocksize
                Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5KB, 1KB, 2KB, 4KB, 8KB, 16KB, 32KB or 64KB. This can be specified in bytes.
                Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail
 
            .PARAMETER BufferCount
                Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation.
                Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail
 
            .PARAMETER Checksum
                If this switch is enabled, the backup checksum will be calculated.
 
            .PARAMETER Verify
                If this switch is enabled, the backup will be verified by running a RESTORE VERIFYONLY against the SqlInstance
 
            .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
                Internal parameter
 
            .PARAMETER AzureBaseUrl
                The URL to the basecontainer of an Azure storage account to write backups to.
 
                If specified, the only other parameters than can be used are "NoCopyOnly", "Type", "CompressBackup", "Checksum", "Verify", "AzureCredential", "CreateFolder".
 
            .PARAMETER AzureCredential
                The name of the credential on the SQL instance that can write to the AzureBaseUrl.
 
            .PARAMETER NoRecovery
                This is passed in to perform a tail log backup if needed
 
            .PARAMETER EnableException
                By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
                This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
                Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
            .PARAMETER WhatIf
                If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
            .PARAMETER Confirm
                If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
            .NOTES
                Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
                Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
 
                Website: https://dbatools.io
                Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
                License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
            .EXAMPLE
                Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server1 -Database HR, Finance
 
                This will perform a full database backup on the databases HR and Finance on SQL Server Instance Server1 to Server1's default backup directory.
 
            .EXAMPLE
                Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -BackupDirectory C:\temp -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full
 
                Backs up AdventureWorks2014 to sql2016's C:\temp folder.
 
            .EXAMPLE
                Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -AzureBaseUrl https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ -AzureCredential dbatoolscred -Type Full -CreateFolder
 
                Performs a full backup of all databases on the sql2016 instance to their own containers under the https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ container on Azure blog storage using the sql credential "dbatoolscred" registered on the sql2016 instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string[]]$BackupDirectory,
        [string]$BackupFileName,
        [switch]$CopyOnly,
        [ValidateSet('Full', 'Log', 'Differential', 'Diff', 'Database')]
        [string]$Type = 'Database',
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoPipe", Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [switch]$CreateFolder,
        [int]$FileCount = 0,
        [switch]$CompressBackup,
        [switch]$Checksum,
        [switch]$Verify,
        [int]$MaxTransferSize,
        [int]$BlockSize,
        [int]$BufferCount,
        [string]$AzureBaseUrl,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if ($SqlInstance.length -ne 0) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
                continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-object { $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($BackupDirectory.count -gt 1) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Multiple Backup Directories, striping"
                $Filecount = $BackupDirectory.count
            }

            if ($DatabaseCollection.count -gt 1 -and $BackupFileName -ne '') {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "1 BackupFile specified, but more than 1 database."
                break
            }

            if (($MaxTransferSize % 64kb) -ne 0 -or $MaxTransferSize -gt 4mb) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "MaxTransferSize value must be a multiple of 64kb and no greater than 4MB"
                break
            }
            if ($BlockSize) {
                if ($BlockSize -notin (0.5kb, 1kb, 2kb, 4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb, 64kb)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Block size must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb,64kb"
                    break
                }
            }
            if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) {
                if ($null -eq $AzureCredential) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "You must provide the credential name for the Azure Storage Account"
                    break
                }
                $AzureBaseUrl = $AzureBaseUrl.Trim("/")
                $FileCount = 1
                $BackupDirectory = $AzureBaseUrl
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (!$SqlInstance -and !$DatabaseCollection) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify a server and database or pipe some databases"
            continue
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($DatabaseCollection.count) database to backup"

        ForEach ($Database in $databasecollection) {
            $failures = @()
            $dbname = $Database.name

            if ($dbname -eq "tempdb") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backing up tempdb not supported"
                continue
            }

            if ('Normal' -notin ($Database.Status -split ',')) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database status not Normal. $dbname skipped."
                continue
            }

            if ($Database.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backing up snapshots not supported. $dbname skipped."
                continue
            }

            if ($null -eq $server) { $server = $Database.Parent }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup database $database"

            if ($null -eq $Database.RecoveryModel) {
                $Database.RecoveryModel = $server.databases[$Database.Name].RecoveryModel
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbname is in $($Database.RecoveryModel) recovery model"
            }

            # Fixes one-off cases of StackOverflowException crashes, see issue 1481
            $dbRecovery = $Database.RecoveryModel.ToString()
            if ($dbRecovery -eq 'Simple' -and $Type -eq 'Log') {
                $failreason = "$database is in simple recovery mode, cannot take log backup"
                $failures += $failreason
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
            }

            $lastfull = $database.Refresh().LastBackupDate.Year

            if ($Type -notin @("Database", "Full") -and $lastfull -eq 1) {
                $failreason = "$database does not have an existing full backup, cannot take log or differentialbackup"
                $failures += $failreason
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
            }

            if ($CopyOnly -ne $True) {
                $CopyOnly = $false
            }

            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            $backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
            $backup.Database = $Database.Name
            $Suffix = "bak"

            if ($CompressBackup) {
                if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*' -or ($server.VersionMajor -eq 10 -and $server.VersionMinor -eq 0 -and $server.Edition -notlike '*enterprise*') -or $server.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Compression is not supported with this version/edition of Sql Server"
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Compression enabled"
                    $backup.CompressionOption = 1
                }
            }

            if ($Checksum) {
                $backup.Checksum = $true
            }

            if ($type -in 'diff', 'differential') {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating differential backup"
                $SMOBackuptype = "Database"
                $backup.Incremental = $true
                $outputType = 'Differential'
            }
            $Backup.NoRecovery = $False
            if ($Type -eq "Log") {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating log backup"
                $Suffix = "trn"
                $OutputType = 'Log'
                $SMOBackupType = 'Log'
                $Backup.NoRecovery = $NoRecovery
            }

            if ($type -in 'Full', 'Database') {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating full backup"
                $SMOBackupType = "Database"
                $OutputType = 'Full'
            }

            $backup.CopyOnly = $copyonly
            $backup.Action = $SMOBackupType
            if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) {
                $backup.CredentialName = $AzureCredential
            }

            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Sorting Paths"

            #If a backupfilename has made it this far, use it
            $FinalBackupPath = @()

            if ($BackupFileName) {
                if ($BackupFileName -notlike "*:*") {
                    if (!$BackupDirectory) {
                        $BackupDirectory = $server.BackupDirectory
                    }

                    $BackupFileName = "$BackupDirectory\$BackupFileName" # removed auto suffix
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Single db and filename"

                if (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path (Split-Path $BackupFileName)) {
                    $FinalBackupPath += $BackupFileName
                }
                else {
                    $failreason = "SQL Server cannot write to the location $(Split-Path $BackupFileName)"
                    $failures += $failreason
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
                }
            }
            else {
                if (!$BackupDirectory) {
                    $BackupDirectory += $server.BackupDirectory
                }

                $timestamp = (Get-Date -Format yyyyMMddHHmm)
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting filename"
                $BackupFileName = "$($dbname)_$timestamp"
                if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Azure div"
                    $PathDivider = "/"
                }
                else {
                    $PathDivider = "\"
                }
                Foreach ($path in $BackupDirectory) {
                    if ($CreateFolder) {
                        $Path = $path + $PathDivider + $Database.name
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Folder $Path"
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Creating folder $path")) {
                            if (((New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $path).Created -eq $false) -and '' -eq $AzureBaseUrl) {
                                $failreason = "Cannot create or write to folder $path"
                                $failures += $failreason
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
                            }
                            else {
                                $FinalBackupPath += "$path$PathDivider$BackupFileName.$suffix"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $FinalBackupPath += "$path$PathDivider$BackupFileName.$suffix"
                    }
                    <#
                        The code below attempts to create the directory even when $CreateFolder -- was it supposed to be Test-DbaSqlPath?
                        else
                        {
                            if ((New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $path).Created -eq $false)
                            {
                                $failreason = "Cannot create or write to folder $path"
                                $failures += $failreason
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
                            }
                            $FinalBackupPath += "$path\$BackupFileName.$suffix"
                        }
                        #>
                }
            }

            if ('' -eq $AzureBaseUrl) {
                $file = New-Object System.IO.FileInfo($FinalBackupPath[0])
            }
            $suffix = $file.Extension

            if ($FileCount -gt 1 -and $FinalBackupPath.count -eq 1) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Striping for Filecount of $filecount"
                $stripes = $filecount

                for ($i = 2; $i -lt $stripes + 1; $i++) {
                    $FinalBackupPath += $FinalBackupPath[0].Replace("$suffix", "-$i-of-$stripes$($suffix)")
                }
                $FinalBackupPath[0] = $FinalBackupPath[0].Replace("$suffix", "-1-of-$stripes$($suffix)")

            }
            elseif ($FinalBackupPath.count -gt 1) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "String for Backup path count of $($FinalBackupPath.count)"
                $stripes = $FinalbackupPath.count
                for ($i = 1; $i -lt $stripes + 1; $i++) {
                    $FinalBackupPath[($i - 1)] = $FinalBackupPath[($i - 1)].Replace($suffix, "-$i-of-$stripes$($suffix)")
                }
            }

            $script = $null
            $backupComplete = $false

            if (!$failures) {
                $filecount = $FinalBackupPath.count

                foreach ($backupfile in $FinalBackupPath) {
                    $device = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) {
                        $device.DeviceType = "URL"
                    }
                    else {
                        $device.DeviceType = "File"
                    }
                    $device.Name = $backupfile
                    $backup.Devices.Add($device)
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Devices added"
                $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                }
                $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                $backup.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                $backup.add_Complete($complete)

                if ($MaxTransferSize) {
                    $backup.MaxTransferSize = $MaxTransferSize
                }
                if ($BufferCount) {
                    $backup.BufferCount = $BufferCount
                }
                if ($BlockSize) {
                    $backup.Blocksize = $BlockSize
                }

                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Backing up $dbname to $backupfile")) {
                        $Filelist = @()
                        $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].FileGroups.Files | Select-Object @{ Name = "FileType"; Expression = { "D" } }, @{ Name = "Type"; Expression = { "D" } }, @{ Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = { $_.FileName } }
                        $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].LogFiles | Select-Object @{ Name = "FileType"; Expression = { "L" } }, @{ Name = "Type"; Expression = { "L" } }, @{ Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = { $_.FileName } }

                        $backup.SqlBackup($server)
                        $script = $backup.Script($server)
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -status "Complete" -Completed
                        $BackupComplete = $true
                        if ($server.VersionMajor -eq '8') {
                            $HeaderInfo = Get-BackupAncientHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname
                        }
                        else {
                            $HeaderInfo = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname -Last -IncludeCopyOnly | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                        }
                        $Verified = $false
                        if ($Verify) {
                            $verifiedresult = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                SqlInstance          = $server.name
                                DatabaseName         = $dbname
                                BackupComplete       = $BackupComplete
                                BackupFilesCount     = $FinalBackupPath.count
                                BackupFile           = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath -leaf)
                                BackupFolder         = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                                BackupPath           = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                                Script               = $script
                                Notes                = $failures -join (',')
                                FullName             = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                                FileList             = $FileList
                                SoftwareVersionMajor = $server.VersionMajor
                                Type                 = $outputType
                                FirstLsn             = $HeaderInfo.FirstLsn
                                DatabaseBackupLsn    = $HeaderInfo.DatabaseBackupLsn
                                CheckPointLsn        = $HeaderInfo.CheckPointLsn
                                LastLsn              = $HeaderInfo.LastLsn
                                BackupSetId          = $HeaderInfo.BackupSetId
                                LastRecoveryForkGUID = $HeaderInfo.LastRecoveryForkGUID
                            } | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -DatabaseName DbaVerifyOnly -VerifyOnly -TrustDbBackupHistory -DestinationFilePrefix DbaVerifyOnly
                            if ($verifiedResult[0] -eq "Verify successful") {
                                $failures += $verifiedResult[0]
                                $Verified = $true
                            }
                            else {
                                $failures += $verifiedResult[0]
                                $Verified = $false
                            }
                        }
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupComplete -Value $BackupComplete
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFile -Value (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath -leaf)
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFilesCount -Value $FinalBackupPath.count
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFolder -Value (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupPath -Value ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name DatabaseName -Value $dbname
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value ($failures -join (','))
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Script -Value $script
                        $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Verified -Value $Verified
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    if ($NoRecovery -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -like '*cannot be opened. It is in the middle of a restore.')) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Exception thrown by db going into restoring mode due to recovery" -Leve Verbose
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backup" -status "Failed" -completed
                        Stop-Function -message "Backup Failed: $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_
                        $BackupComplete = $false
                    }
                }
            }
            $OutputExclude = 'FullName', 'FileList', 'SoftwareVersionMajor'
            if ($failures.count -eq 0) {
                $OutputExclude += ('Notes', 'FirstLsn', 'DatabaseBackupLsn', 'CheckpointLsn', 'LastLsn', 'BackupSetId', 'LastRecoveryForkGuid')
            }
            $headerinfo | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $OutputExclude
            $BackupFileName = $null
        }
    }
}
function Backup-DbaDatabaseMasterKey {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Backs up specified database master key.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Backs up specified database master key.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER Database
Backup master key from specific database(s).
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
.PARAMETER Path
The directory to export the key. If no path is specified, the default backup directory for the instance will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Password
The password to encrypt the exported key. This must be a SecureString.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate, Databases
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Backup-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance server1\sql2016
 
Prompts for export password, then logs into server1\sql2016 with Windows credentials then backs up all database keys to the default backup directory.
 
ComputerName : SERVER1
InstanceName : SQL2016
SqlInstance : SERVER1\SQL2016
Database : master
Filename : E:\MSSQL13.SQL2016\MSSQL\Backup\server1$sql2016-master-20170614162311.key
Status : Success
 
.EXAMPLE
Backup-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Path \\nas\sqlbackups\keys
 
Logs into sql2016 with Windows credentials then backs up db1's keys to the \\nas\sqlbackups\keys directory.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Security.SecureString]$Password,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not) {
                $Path = $server.BackupDirectory
            }

            if (!$Path) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path discovery failed. Please explicitly specify -Path" -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $Path)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$instance cannot access $Path" -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                $masterkey = $db.MasterKey

                if (!$masterkey) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No master key exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                # If you pass a password param, then you will not be prompted for each database, but it wouldn't be a good idea to build in insecurity
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Password -Not) {
                    $password = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "You must enter Service Key password for $instance"
                    $password2 = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Type the password again"

                    if (([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password))) -ne ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password2)))) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match" -Continue
                    }
                }

                $time = (Get-Date -Format yyyMMddHHmmss)
                $dbname = $db.name
                $Path = $Path.TrimEnd("\")
                $fileinstance = $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '$')
                $filename = "$Path\$fileinstance-$dbname-$time.key"

                try {
                    $masterkey.export($filename, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)))
                    $status = "Success"
                }
                catch {
                    $status = "Failure"
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backup failure: $($_.Exception.InnerException)"
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $dbname
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Filename -value $filename
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -value $status

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $masterkey -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, 'Filename as Path', Status
            }
        }
    }
}
function Backup-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports database certificates from SQL Server using SMO.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports database certificates from SQL Server using SMO and outputs the .cer and .pvk files.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Certificate
            Exports certificate that matches the name(s).
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Exports the encryptor for specific database(s).
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Database(s) to skip when exporting encryptors.
 
        .PARAMETER EncryptionPassword
            A string value that specifies the system path to encrypt the private key.
 
        .PARAMETER DecryptionPassword
            A string value that specifies the system path to decrypt the private key.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to output the files to. The path is relative to the SQL Server itself. If no path is specified, the default data directory will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Suffix
            The suffix of the filename of the exported certificate.
 
        .PARAMETER CertificateCollection
            Internal parameter to support pipeline input.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Jess Pomfret (@jpomfret)
            Tags: Migration, Certificate
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1
            Exports all the certificates on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Connects using sqladmin credential and exports all the certificates on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Certificate Certificate1
            Exports only the certificate named Certificate1 on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database AdventureWorks
            Exports only the certificates for AdventureWorks on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase AdventureWorks
            Exports all certificates except those for AdventureWorks on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates -EncryptionPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -force -AsPlainText GoodPass1234!!)
            Exports all the certificates and private keys on the specified SQL Server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $EncryptionPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText "GoodPass1234!!" -force
            $DecryptionPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText "Password4567!!" -force
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -EncryptionPassword $EncryptionPassword -DecryptionPassword $DecryptionPassword
            Exports all the certificates on the specified SQL Server using the supplied DecryptionPassword, since an EncryptionPassword is specified private keys are also exported.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates
            Exports all certificates on the specified SQL Server to the specified path.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Suffix DbaTools
            Exports all certificates on the specified SQL Server to the specified path, appends DbaTools to the end of the filenames.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance sql2016 | Backup-DbaDbCertificate
            Exports all certificates found on sql2016 to the default data directory.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Certificate,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Security.SecureString]$EncryptionPassword,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Security.SecureString]$DecryptionPassword,
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path,
        [string]$Suffix = "$(Get-Date -format 'yyyyMMddHHmmssms')",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "collection")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate[]]$CertificateCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if ($EncryptionPassword.Length -eq 0 -and $DecryptionPassword.Length -gt 0) {
            Stop-Function -Message "If you specify an decryption password, you must also specify an encryption password" -Target $DecryptionPassword
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Backup-DbaDatabaseCertificate

        function export-cert ($cert) {
            $certName = $cert.Name
            $db = $cert.Parent
            $server = $db.Parent
            $instance = $server.Name
            $actualPath = $Path

            if ($null -eq $actualPath) {
                $actualPath = Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $server -filetype Data
            }

            $fullCertName = "$actualPath\$certName$Suffix"
            $exportPathKey = "$fullCertName.pvk"

            if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $actualPath)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$SqlInstance cannot access $actualPath" -Target $actualPath
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Exporting certificate $certName from $db on $instance to $actualPath")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Certificate: $certName to $fullCertName"
                try {

                    $exportPathCert = "$fullCertName.cer"

                    # because the password shouldn't go to memory...
                    if ($EncryptionPassword.Length -gt 0 -and $DecryptionPassword.Length -gt 0) {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Both passwords passed in. Will export both cer and pvk."

                        $cert.export(
                            $exportPathCert,
                            $exportPathKey,
                            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($EncryptionPassword)),
                            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($DecryptionPassword))
                        )
                    }
                    elseif ($EncryptionPassword.Length -gt 0 -and $DecryptionPassword.Length -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Only encryption password passed in. Will export both cer and pvk."

                        $cert.export(
                            $exportPathCert,
                            $exportPathKey,
                            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($EncryptionPassword))
                        )
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No passwords passed in. Will export just cer."
                        $exportPathKey = "Password required to export key"
                        $cert.export($exportPathCert)
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database       = $db.Name
                        Certificate    = $certName
                        Path           = $exportPathCert
                        Key            = $exportPathKey
                        ExportPath     = $exportPathCert
                        ExportKey      = $exportPathKey
                        exportPathCert = $exportPathCert
                        exportPathKey  = $exportPathKey
                        Status         = "Success"
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty exportPathCert, exportPathKey, ExportPath, ExportKey
                }
                catch {

                    if ($_.Exception.InnerException) {
                        $exception = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString() -Split "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: "
                        $exception = ($exception[1] -Split "at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ConnectionManager")[0]
                    }
                    else {
                        $exception = $_.Exception
                    }
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database       = $db.Name
                        Certificate    = $certName
                        Path           = $exportPathCert
                        Key            = $exportPathKey
                        ExportPath     = $exportPathCert
                        ExportKey      = $exportPathKey
                        exportPathCert = $exportPathCert
                        exportPathKey  = $exportPathKey
                        Status         = "Failure: $exception"
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty exportPathCert, exportPathKey, ExportPath, ExportKey
                    Stop-Function -Message "$certName from $db on $instance cannot be exported." -Continue -Target $cert -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }
            $databases = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            foreach ($db in $databases.Name) {
                $DBCertificateCollection = Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Database $db
                if ($Certificate) {
                    $CertificateCollection += $DBCertificateCollection | Where-Object Name -In $Certificate
                }
                else {
                    $CertificateCollection += $DBCertificateCollection | Where-Object Name -NotLike "##*"
                }
                if (!$CertificateCollection) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No certificates found to export in $db."
                    continue
                }
            }

        }

        foreach ($cert in $CertificateCollection) {
            if ($cert.Name.StartsWith("##")) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Skipping system cert $cert"
            }
            else {
                export-cert $cert
            }
        }
    }
}
function Clear-DbaSqlConnectionPool {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Resets (or empties) the connection pool.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This command resets (or empties) the connection pool.
 
        If there are connections in use at the time of the call, they are marked appropriately and will be discarded (instead of being returned to the pool) when Close() is called on them.
 
        Ref: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.clearallpools(v=vs.110).aspx
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        Target computer(s). If no computer name is specified, the local computer is targeted.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Alternate credential object to use for accessing the target computer(s).
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Connection
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Clear-DbaSqlConnectionPool
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Clear-DbaSqlConnectionPool
 
        Clears all local connection pools.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Clear-DbaSqlConnectionPool -ComputerName workstation27
 
        Clears all connection pools on workstation27.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    process {
        # TODO: https://jamessdixon.wordpress.com/2013/01/22/ado-net-and-connection-pooling
        
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                if (-not $computer.IsLocalhost) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing all pools on remote computer $computer"
                    if (Test-Bound 'Credential') {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    }
                    else {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing all local pools"
                    if (Test-Bound 'Credential') {
                        Invoke-Command2 -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    }
                    else {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Clear-DbaWaitStatistics {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Clears wait statistics
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Reset the aggregated statistics - basically just executes DBCC SQLPERF (N'sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR)
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: WaitStatistic
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Clear-DbaWaitStatistics
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Clear-DbaWaitStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
        After confirmation, clears wait stats on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Clear-DbaWaitStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012 -Confirm:$false
        Clears wait stats on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012, without prompting
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(ConfirmImpact = 'High', SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Performing CLEAR of sys.dm_os_wait_stats")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query("DBCC SQLPERF (N'sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR);")
                    $status = "Success"
                }
                catch {
                    $status = $_.Exception
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Status       = $status
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Connect-DbaInstance {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a robust SMO SQL Server object.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is robust because it initializes properties that do not cause enumeration by default. It also supports both Windows and SQL Server authentication methods, and detects which to use based upon the provided credentials.
 
        By default, this command also sets the connection's ApplicationName property to "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection". If you're doing anything that requires profiling, you can look for this client name.
 
        Alternatively, you can pass in whichever client name you'd like using the -ClientName parameter. There are a ton of other parameters for you to explore as well.
 
        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.connectionstring.aspx
        and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnectionstringbuilder.aspx,
        and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.aspx
 
        To execute SQL commands, you can use $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteReader($sql) or $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
    .PARAMETER AccessToken
        Gets or sets the access token for the connection.
 
    .PARAMETER AppendConnectionString
        Appends to the current connection string. Note that you cannot pass authentication information using this method. Use -SqlInstance and optionally -SqlCredential to set authentication information.
 
    .PARAMETER ApplicationIntent
        Declares the application workload type when connecting to a server.
 
        Valid values are "ReadOnly" and "ReadWrite".
 
    .PARAMETER BatchSeparator
        A string to separate groups of SQL statements being executed. By default, this is "GO".
 
    .PARAMETER ClientName
        By default, this command sets the client's ApplicationName property to "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection" if you're doing anything that requires profiling, you can look for this client name. Using -ClientName allows you to set your own custom client application name.
 
    .PARAMETER ConnectTimeout
        The length of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to the server before terminating the attempt and generating an error.
 
        Valid values are integers between 0 and 2147483647.
 
        When opening a connection to a Azure SQL Database, set the connection timeout to 30 seconds.
 
    .PARAMETER EncryptConnection
        If this switch is enabled, SQL Server uses SSL encryption for all data sent between the client and server if the server has a certificate installed.
 
        For more information, see Connection String Syntax. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/connection-string-syntax
 
        Beginning in .NET Framework 4.5, when TrustServerCertificate is false and Encrypt is true, the server name (or IP address) in a SQL Server SSL certificate must exactly match the server name (or IP address) specified in the connection string. Otherwise, the connection attempt will fail. For information about support for certificates whose subject starts with a wildcard character (*), see Accepted wildcards used by server certificates for server authentication. https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/258858/accepted-wildcards-used-by-server-certificates-for-server-authenticati
 
    .PARAMETER FailoverPartner
        The name of the failover partner server where database mirroring is configured.
 
        If the value of this key is "" (an empty string), then Initial Catalog must be present in the connection string, and its value must not be "".
 
        The server name can be 128 characters or less.
 
        If you specify a failover partner but the failover partner server is not configured for database mirroring and the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) is not available, then the connection will fail.
 
        If you specify a failover partner and the primary server is not configured for database mirroring, the connection to the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) will succeed if the primary server is available.
 
 
    .PARAMETER IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth
        If this switch is enabled, the connection will be configured to use Azure Active Directory authentication.
 
    .PARAMETER LockTimeout
        Sets the time in seconds required for the connection to time out when the current transaction is locked.
 
    .PARAMETER MaxPoolSize
        Sets the maximum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.
 
    .PARAMETER MinPoolSize
        Sets the minimum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.
 
    .PARAMETER MultipleActiveResultSets
        If this switch is enabled, an application can maintain multiple active result sets (MARS).
 
        If this switch is not enabled, an application must process or cancel all result sets from one batch before it can execute any other batch on that connection.
 
    .PARAMETER MultiSubnetFailover
        If this switch is enabled, and your application is connecting to an AlwaysOn availability group (AG) on different subnets, detection of and connection to the currently active server will be faster. For more information about SqlClient support for Always On Availability Groups, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/sql/sqlclient-support-for-high-availability-disaster-recovery
 
    .PARAMETER NetworkProtocol
        Explicitly sets the network protocol used to connect to the server.
 
        Valid values are "TcpIp","NamedPipes","Multiprotocol","AppleTalk","BanyanVines","Via","SharedMemory" and "NWLinkIpxSpx"
 
    .PARAMETER NonPooledConnection
        If this switch is enabled, a non-pooled connection will be requested.
 
    .PARAMETER PacketSize
        Sets the size in bytes of the network packets used to communicate with an instance of SQL Server. Must match at server.
 
    .PARAMETER PooledConnectionLifetime
        When a connection is returned to the pool, its creation time is compared with the current time and the connection is destroyed if that time span (in seconds) exceeds the value specified by Connection Lifetime. This is useful in clustered configurations to force load balancing between a running server and a server just brought online.
 
        A value of zero (0) causes pooled connections to have the maximum connection timeout.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlExecutionModes
        The SqlExecutionModes enumeration contains values that are used to specify whether the commands sent to the referenced connection to the server are executed immediately or saved in a buffer.
 
        Valid values include "CaptureSql", "ExecuteAndCaptureSql" and "ExecuteSql".
 
    .PARAMETER StatementTimeout
        Sets the number of seconds a statement is given to run before failing with a timeout error.
 
    .PARAMETER TrustServerCertificate
        When this switch is enabled, the channel will be encrypted while bypassing walking the certificate chain to validate trust.
 
    .PARAMETER WorkstationId
        Sets the name of the workstation connecting to SQL Server.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlConnectionOnly
        Instead of returning a rich SMO server object, this command will only return a SqlConnection object when setting this switch.
 
    .NOTES
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Connect-DbaInstance
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014
 
        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using Windows Authentication
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
        Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $wincred
 
        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using alternative Windows credentials
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $sqlcred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $sqlcred
 
        Login to sql2014 as SQL login sqladmin.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -ClientName "my connection"
 
        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using Windows Authentication and uses the client name "my connection". So when you open up profiler or use extended events, you can search for "my connection".
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -AppendConnectionString "Packet Size=4096;AttachDbFilename=C:\MyFolder\MyDataFile.mdf;User Instance=true;"
 
        Creates an SMO Server object that connects to sql2014 using Windows Authentication, then it sets the packet size (this can also be done via -PacketSize) and other connection attributes.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -NetworkProtocol TcpIp -MultiSubnetFailover
 
        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using Windows Authentication that uses TCP/IP and has MultiSubnetFailover enabled.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $server = Connect-DbaInstance sql2016 -ApplicationIntent ReadOnly
 
        Connects with ReadOnly ApplicationIntent.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("SqlCredential")]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [string]$AccessToken,
        [ValidateSet('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')]
        [string]$ApplicationIntent,
        [string]$BatchSeparator,
        [string]$ClientName = "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection",
        [int]$ConnectTimeout = ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::SqlConnectionTimeout),
        [switch]$EncryptConnection,
        [string]$FailoverPartner,
        [switch]$IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth,
        [int]$LockTimeout,
        [int]$MaxPoolSize,
        [int]$MinPoolSize,
        [switch]$MultipleActiveResultSets,
        [switch]$MultiSubnetFailover,
        [ValidateSet('TcpIp', 'NamedPipes', 'Multiprotocol', 'AppleTalk', 'BanyanVines', 'Via', 'SharedMemory', 'NWLinkIpxSpx')]
        [string]$NetworkProtocol,
        [switch]$NonPooledConnection,
        [int]$PacketSize,
        [int]$PooledConnectionLifetime,
        [ValidateSet('CaptureSql', 'ExecuteAndCaptureSql', 'ExecuteSql')]
        [string]$SqlExecutionModes,
        [int]$StatementTimeout,
        [switch]$TrustServerCertificate,
        [string]$WorkstationId,
        [string]$AppendConnectionString,
        [switch]$SqlConnectionOnly
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Connect-DbaSqlServer
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaInstance

        $loadedSmoVersion = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }

        if ($loadedSmoVersion) {
            $loadedSmoVersion = $loadedSmoVersion | ForEach-Object {
                if ($_.Location -match "__") {
                    ((Split-Path (Split-Path $_.Location) -Leaf) -split "__")[0]
                }
                else {
                    ((Get-ChildItem -Path $_.Location).VersionInfo.ProductVersion)
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($instance.Type -like "Server") {
                if ($instance.InputObject.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
                    $instance.InputObject.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                }
                if ($SqlConnectionOnly) { return $instance.InputObject.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject }
                else { return $instance.InputObject }
            }
            if ($instance.Type -like "SqlConnection") {
                $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server($instance.InputObject)

                if ($server.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                }
                if ($SqlConnectionOnly) { return $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject }
                else { return $server }
            }

            if ($instance.IsConnectionString) { $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server($instance.InputObject) }
            else { $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $instance.FullSmoName }

            if ($AppendConnectionString) {
                $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = "$connstring;$appendconnectionstring"
                $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
            }
            else {

                $server.ConnectionContext.ApplicationName = $ClientName

                if ($AccessToken) { $server.ConnectionContext.AccessToken = $AccessToken }
                if ($BatchSeparator) { $server.ConnectionContext.BatchSeparator = $BatchSeparator }
                if ($ConnectTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectTimeout = $ConnectTimeout }
                if ($Database) { $server.ConnectionContext.DatabaseName = $Database }
                if ($EncryptConnection) { $server.ConnectionContext.EncryptConnection = $true }
                if ($IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth) { $server.ConnectionContext.IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth = $true }
                if ($LockTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.LockTimeout = $LockTimeout }
                if ($MaxPoolSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.MaxPoolSize = $MaxPoolSize }
                if ($MinPoolSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.MinPoolSize = $MinPoolSize }
                if ($MultipleActiveResultSets) { $server.ConnectionContext.MultipleActiveResultSets = $true }
                if ($NetworkProtocol) { $server.ConnectionContext.NetworkProtocol = $NetworkProtocol }
                if ($NonPooledConnection) { $server.ConnectionContext.NonPooledConnection = $true }
                if ($PacketSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.PacketSize = $PacketSize }
                if ($PooledConnectionLifetime) { $server.ConnectionContext.PooledConnectionLifetime = $PooledConnectionLifetime }
                if ($StatementTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $StatementTimeout }
                if ($SqlExecutionModes) { $server.ConnectionContext.SqlExecutionModes = $SqlExecutionModes }
                if ($TrustServerCertificate) { $server.ConnectionContext.TrustServerCertificate = $true }
                if ($WorkstationId) { $server.ConnectionContext.WorkstationId = $WorkstationId }

                $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                if ($MultiSubnetFailover) { $connstring = "$connstring;MultiSubnetFailover=True" }
                if ($FailoverPartner) { $connstring = "$connstring;Failover Partner=$FailoverPartner" }
                if ($ApplicationIntent) { $connstring = "$connstring;ApplicationIntent=$ApplicationIntent" }

                if ($connstring -ne $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString) {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = $connstring
                }

                try {
                    if ($null -ne $Credential.username) {
                        $username = ($Credential.username).TrimStart("\")

                        if ($username -like "*\*") {
                            $username = $username.Split("\")[1]
                            $authtype = "Windows Authentication with Credential"
                            $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $true
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUser = $true
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserName = $username
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserPassword = ($Credential).GetNetworkCredential().Password
                        }
                        else {
                            $authtype = "SQL Authentication"
                            $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $false
                            $server.ConnectionContext.set_Login($username)
                            $server.ConnectionContext.set_SecurePassword($Credential.Password)
                        }
                    }

                    $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                }
                catch {
                    $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException
                    $message = $message.ToString()
                    $message = ($message -Split '-->')[0]
                    $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.SqlClient')[0]
                    $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.ProviderBase')[0]
                    throw "Can't connect to $instance`: $message "
                }

            }



            if ($loadedSmoVersion -ge 11) {
                if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                    # 2000
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], 'ReplicationOptions', 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'PrimaryFilePath', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'Status', 'Version')
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], 'CreateDate', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'Name', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType')
                }

                elseif ($server.VersionMajor -eq 9 -or $server.VersionMajor -eq 10) {
                    # 2005 and 2008
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], 'ReplicationOptions', 'BrokerEnabled', 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsMirroringEnabled', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'PrimaryFilePath', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'Status', 'Trustworthy', 'Version')
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], 'AsymmetricKey', 'Certificate', 'CreateDate', 'Credential', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'ID', 'IsDisabled', 'IsLocked', 'IsPasswordExpired', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'MustChangePassword', 'Name', 'PasswordExpirationEnabled', 'PasswordPolicyEnforced', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType')
                }

                else {
                    # 2012 and above
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], 'ReplicationOptions', 'ActiveConnections', 'AvailabilityDatabaseSynchronizationState', 'AvailabilityGroupName', 'BrokerEnabled', 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'ContainmentType', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsMirroringEnabled', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'PrimaryFilePath', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'Status', 'Trustworthy', 'Version')
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], 'AsymmetricKey', 'Certificate', 'CreateDate', 'Credential', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'ID', 'IsDisabled', 'IsLocked', 'IsPasswordExpired', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'MustChangePassword', 'Name', 'PasswordExpirationEnabled', 'PasswordHashAlgorithm', 'PasswordPolicyEnforced', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType')
                }
            }

            if ($SqlConnectionOnly) { return $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject }
            else { return $server }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function ConvertTo-DbaDataTable {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Creates a DataTable for an object.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Creates a DataTable based on an object's properties. This allows you to easily write to SQL Server tables.
 
            Thanks to Chad Miller, this is based on his script. https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/4208a159-a52e-4b99-83d4-8048468d29dd
 
            If the attempt to convert to datatable fails, try the -Raw parameter for less accurate datatype detection.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            The object to transform into a DataTable.
 
        .PARAMETER TimeSpanType
            Specifies the type to convert TimeSpan objects into. Default is 'TotalMilliseconds'. Valid options are: 'Ticks', 'TotalDays', 'TotalHours', 'TotalMinutes', 'TotalSeconds', 'TotalMilliseconds', and 'String'.
 
        .PARAMETER SizeType
            Specifies the type to convert DbaSize objects to. Default is 'Int64'. Valid options are 'Int32', 'Int64', and 'String'.
 
        .PARAMETER IgnoreNull
            If this switch is enabled, objects with null values will be ignored (empty rows will be added by default).
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            If this switch is enabled, the DataTable will be created with strings. No attempt will be made to parse/determine data types.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-Service | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable
 
            Creates a DataTable from the output of Get-Service.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            ConvertTo-DbaDataTable -InputObject $csv.cheesetypes
 
            Creates a DataTable from the CSV object $csv.cheesetypes.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $dblist | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable
 
            Creates a DataTable from the $dblist object passed in via pipeline.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-Process | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable -TimeSpanType TotalSeconds
 
            Creates a DataTable with the running processes and converts any TimeSpan property to TotalSeconds.
 
        .OUTPUTS
            System.Object[]
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Website: https://dbatools.io/
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
            Copyright: (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/ConvertTo-DbaDataTable
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Object[]])]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [AllowNull()]
        [PSObject[]]$InputObject,
        [Parameter(Position = 1)]
        [ValidateSet("Ticks",
            "TotalDays",
            "TotalHours",
            "TotalMinutes",
            "TotalSeconds",
            "TotalMilliseconds",
            "String")]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$TimeSpanType = "TotalMilliseconds",
        [ValidateSet("Int64", "Int32", "String")]
        [string]$SizeType = "Int64",
        [switch]$IgnoreNull,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "TimeSpanType = $TimeSpanType | SizeType = $SizeType"
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Alias Out-DbaDataTable

        function Convert-Type {
            # This function will check so that the type is an accepted type which could be used when inserting into a table.
            # If a type is accepted (included in the $type array) then it will be passed on, otherwise it will first change type before passing it on.
            # Special types will have both their types converted as well as the value.
            # TimeSpan is a special type and will be converted into the $timespantype. (default: TotalMilliseconds) so that the timespan can be stored in a database further down the line.
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $type,

                $value,

                $timespantype = 'TotalMilliseconds',

                $sizetype = 'Int64'
            )

            $types = [System.Collections.ArrayList]@(
                'System.Int32',
                'System.UInt32',
                'System.Int16',
                'System.UInt16',
                'System.Int64',
                'System.UInt64',
                'System.Decimal',
                'System.Single',
                'System.Double',
                'System.Byte',
                'System.SByte',
                'System.Boolean',
                'System.DateTime',
                'System.Guid',
                'System.Char'
            )

            # The $special variable is used to mark the return value if a conversion was made on the value itself.
            # If this is set to true the original value will later be ignored when updating the DataTable.
            # And the value returned from this function will be used instead. (cannot modify existing properties)
            $special = $false
            $specialType = ""

            # Special types need to be converted in some way.
            # This attempt is to convert timespan into something that works in a table.
            # I couldn't decide on what to convert it to so the user can decide.
            # If the parameter is not used, TotalMilliseconds will be used as default.
            # Ticks are more accurate but I think milliseconds are more useful most of the time.
            if (($type -eq 'System.TimeSpan') -or ($type -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaTimeSpan') -or ($type -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaTimeSpanPretty')) {
                $special = $true
                if ($timespantype -eq 'String') {
                    $value = $value.ToString()
                    $type = 'System.String'
                }
                else {
                    # Let's use Int64 for all other types than string.
                    # We could match the type more closely with the timespantype but that can be added in the future if needed.
                    $value = $value.$timespantype
                    $type = 'System.Int64'
                }
                $specialType = 'Timespan'
            }
            elseif ($type -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.Size') {
                $special = $true
                switch ($sizetype) {
                    'Int64' {
                        $value = $value.Byte
                        $type = 'System.Int64'
                    }
                    'Int32' {
                        $value = $value.Byte
                        $type = 'System.Int32'
                    }
                    'String' {
                        $value = $value.ToString()
                        $type = 'System.String'
                    }
                }
                $specialType = 'Size'
            }
            elseif (-not ($type -in $types)) {
                # All types which are not found in the array will be converted into strings.
                # In this way we dont ignore it completely and it will be clear in the end why it looks as it does.
                $type = 'System.String'
            }
            
            # return a hashtable instead of an object. I like hashtables :)
            return @{ type = $type; Value = $value; Special = $special; SpecialType = $specialType }
        }
        
        function Convert-SpecialType {
        <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Converts a value for a known column.
             
            .DESCRIPTION
                Converts a value for a known column.
             
            .PARAMETER Value
                The value to convert
             
            .PARAMETER Type
                The special type for which to convert
             
            .PARAMETER SizeType
                The size type defined by the user
             
            .PARAMETER TimeSpanType
                The timespan type defined by the user
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                $Value,
                [ValidateSet('Timespan','Size')] [string]$Type,
                [string]$SizeType,
                [string]$TimeSpanType
            )
            
            switch ($Type) {
                'Size' {
                    if ($SizeType -eq 'String') { return $Value.ToString() }
                    else { return $Value.Byte }
                }
                'Timespan' {
                    if ($TimeSpanType -eq 'String') {
                        $Value.ToString()
                    }
                    else {
                        $Value.$TimeSpanType
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        function Add-Column {
        <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Adds a column to the datatable in progress.
             
            .DESCRIPTION
                Adds a column to the datatable in progress.
             
            .PARAMETER Property
                The property for which to add a column.
             
            .PARAMETER DataTable
                Autofilled. The table for which to add a column.
             
            .PARAMETER TimeSpanType
                Autofilled. How should timespans be handled?
             
            .PARAMETER SizeType
                Autofilled. How should sizes be handled?
             
            .PARAMETER Raw
                Autofilled. Whether the column should be string, no matter the input.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [System.Management.Automation.PSPropertyInfo]$Property,
                [System.Data.DataTable]$DataTable = $datatable,
                [string]$TimeSpanType = $TimeSpanType,
                [string]$SizeType = $SizeType,
                [bool]$Raw = $Raw
            )
            
            $type = $property.TypeNameOfValue
            try {
                if ($Property.MemberType -like 'ScriptProperty') {
                    $type = $Property.GetType().FullName
                }
            }
            catch { $type = 'System.String' }
            
            $converted = Convert-Type -type $type -value $property.Value -timespantype $TimeSpanType -sizetype $SizeType
            
            $column = New-Object System.Data.DataColumn
            $column.ColumnName = $property.Name.ToString()
            if (-not $Raw) {
                $column.DataType = [System.Type]::GetType($converted.type)
            }
            $null = $DataTable.Columns.Add($column)
            $converted
        }
        
        $datatable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
        
        # Accelerate subsequent lookups of columns and special type columns
        $columns = @()
        $specialColumns = @()
        $specialColumnsType = @{ }
        
        $ShouldCreateColumns = $true
    }
    
    process {
        #region Handle null objects
        if ($null -eq $InputObject) {
            if (-not $IgnoreNull) {
                $datarow = $datatable.NewRow()
                $datatable.Rows.Add($datarow)
            }
            
            # Only ends the current process block
            return
        }
        #endregion Handle null objects
        
        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            #region Handle null objects
            if ($null -eq $object) {
                if (-not $IgnoreNull) {
                    $datarow = $datatable.NewRow()
                    $datatable.Rows.Add($datarow)
                }
                continue
            }
            #endregion Handle null objects
            
            # The new row to insert
            $datarow = $datatable.NewRow()
            
            #region Process Properties
            $objectProperties = $object.PSObject.Properties
            foreach ($property in $objectProperties) {
                #region Create Columns as needed
                if ($ShouldCreateColumns) {
                    $newColumn = Add-Column -Property $property
                    $columns += $property.Name
                    if ($newColumn.Special) {
                        $specialColumns += $property.Name
                        $specialColumnsType[$property.Name] = $newColumn.SpecialType
                    }
                }
                #endregion Create Columns as needed
                
                # Handle null properties, as well as properties with access errors
                try {
                    $propValueLength = $property.value.length
                }
                catch {
                    $propValueLength = 0
                }
                
                #region Insert value into column of row
                if ($propValueLength -gt 0) {
                    # If the typename was a special typename we want to use the value returned from Convert-Type instead.
                    # We might get error if we try to change the value for $property.value if it is read-only. That's why we use $converted.value instead.
                    if ($property.Name -in $specialColumns) {
                        $datarow.Item($property.Name) = Convert-SpecialType -Value $property.value -Type $specialColumnsType[$property.Name] -SizeType $SizeType -TimeSpanType $TimeSpanType
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($property.value.ToString().length -eq 15) {
                            if ($property.value.ToString() -eq 'System.Object[]') {
                                $value = $property.value -join ", "
                            }
                            elseif ($property.value.ToString() -eq 'System.String[]') {
                                $value = $property.value -join ", "
                            }
                            else {
                                $value = $property.value
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $value = $property.value
                        }
                        
                        try { $datarow.Item($property.Name) = $value }
                        catch {
                            if ($property.Name -notin $columns) {
                                try {
                                    $newColumn = Add-Column -Property $property
                                    $columns += $property.Name
                                    if ($newColumn.Special) {
                                        $specialColumns += $property.Name
                                        $specialColumnsType[$property.Name] = $newColumn.SpecialType
                                    }
                                    
                                    $datarow.Item($property.Name) = $newColumn.Value
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to add property $($property.Name) from $object" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $object
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to add property $($property.Name) from $object" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $object
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion Insert value into column of row
            }
            
            $datatable.Rows.Add($datarow)
            # If this is the first non-null object then the columns has just been created.
            # Set variable to false to skip creating columns from now on.
            if ($ShouldCreateColumns) {
                $ShouldCreateColumns = $false
            }
            #endregion Process Properties
        }
    }
    
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Finished."
        ,$datatable
    }
}
function ConvertTo-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Uses a slightly modified version of sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents.sql to convert Traces to Extended Events.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Uses a slightly modified version of sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents.sql to convert Traces to Extended Events.
 
            T-SQL code by: Jonathan M. Kehayias, SQLskills.com. T-SQL can be found in this module directory and at
            https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/jonathan/converting-sql-trace-to-extended-events-in-sql-server-2012/
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Specifies a Trace object output by Get-DbaTrace.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            The name of the Trace to convert. If the name exists, characters will be appended to it.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
            Outputs the T-SQL script to create the XE session and does not execute it.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Trace, ExtendedEvent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2012 | Where Id -eq 2 | ConvertTo-DbaXESession -Name 'Test'
 
            Converts Trace with ID 2 to a Session named Test on SQL Server instances named sql2017 and sql2012
            and creates the Session on each respective server.
 
       .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2014 | Out-GridView -PassThru | ConvertTo-DbaXESession -Name 'Test' | Start-DbaXESession
 
            Converts selected traces on sql2014 to sessions, creates the session, and starts it.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2014 | Where Id -eq 1 | ConvertTo-DbaXESession -Name 'Test' -OutputScriptOnly
 
            Converts trace ID 1 on sql2014 to an Extended Event and outputs the resulting T-SQL.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Name,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $rawsql = Get-Content "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToEEs.sql" -Raw
    }
    process {
        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }

            $server = $trace.Parent

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 11) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server version 2012+ required - $server not supported."
                return
            }

            $tempdb = $server.Databases['tempdb']
            $traceid = $trace.id

            if ((Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $PSBoundParameters.Name)) {
                $oldname = $name
                $Name = "$name-$traceid"
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "XE Session $oldname already exists on $server, trying $name."
            }

            if ((Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $Name)) {
                $oldname = $name
                $Name = "$name-$(Get-Random)"
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "XE Session $oldname already exists on $server, trying $name."
            }

            $sql = $rawsql.Replace("--TRACEID--", $traceid)
            $sql = $sql.Replace("--SESSIONNAME--", $name)

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing SQL in tempdb."
                $results = $tempdb.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows.SqlString
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating, dropping or executing sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents in tempdb on $server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $results = $results -join "`r`n"

            if ($OutputScriptOnly) {
                $results
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating XE Session $name."
                try {
                    $tempdb.ExecuteNonQuery($results)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating extended event $name on $server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $name
            }
        }
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentAlert {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaAgentAlert migrates alerts from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all alerts are copied. The -Alert parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific alerts.
 
            If the alert already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Alert
            The alert(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all alerts will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAlert
            The alert(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeDefaults
            Copy SQL Agent defaults such as FailSafeEmailAddress, ForwardingServer, and PagerSubjectTemplate.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Alert will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Agent
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentAlert
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all alerts from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If alerts with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Alert PSAlert -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a only the alert named PSAlert from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a alert with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Alert,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAlert,
        [switch]$IncludeDefaults,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $Destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

    }
    process {

        $serverAlerts = $sourceServer.JobServer.Alerts
        $destAlerts = $destServer.JobServer.Alerts

        if ($IncludeDefaults -eq $true) {
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Creating Alert Defaults")) {
                $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = "Alert Defaults"
                    Type              = "Alert Defaults"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Creating Alert Defaults" -Level Verbose
                    $sql = $sourceServer.JobServer.AlertSystem.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$Destination'"

                    Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                }
                catch {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating alert defaults." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                }
                $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }

        foreach ($serverAlert in $serverAlerts) {
            $alertName = $serverAlert.name
            $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $alertName
                Type              = "Agent Alert"
                Notes             = $null
                Status            = $null
                DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }
            if (($Alert -and $Alert -notcontains $alertName) -or ($ExcludeAlert -and $ExcludeAlert -contains $alertName)) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destAlerts.name -contains $serverAlert.name) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Message "Alert [$alertName] exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Dropping alert $alertName and recreating")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Dropping Alert $alertName on $destServer." -Level Verbose

                        $sql = "EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name = N'$($alertname)';"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $destAlerts.Refresh()
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping/recreating alert" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($destAlerts | Where-Object { $_.Severity -eq $serverAlert.Severity -and $_.MessageID -eq $serverAlert.MessageID -and $_.DatabaseName -eq $serverAlert.DatabaseName -and $_.EventDescriptionKeyword -eq $serverAlert.EventDescriptionKeyword }) {
                $conflictMessage = "Alert [$alertName] has already been defined to use"
                if ($serverAlert.Severity -gt 0) { $conflictMessage += " severity $($serverAlert.Severity)" }
                if ($serverAlert.MessageID -gt 0) { $conflictMessage += " error number $($serverAlert.MessageID)" }
                if ($serverAlert.DatabaseName) { $conflictMessage += " on database '$($serverAlert.DatabaseName)'" }
                if ($serverAlert.EventDescriptionKeyword) { $conflictMessage += " with error text '$($serverAlert.Severity)'" }
                $conflictMessage += ". Skipping."

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $conflictMessage
                $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyAgentAlertStatus.Notes = $conflictMessage
                $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                continue
            }
            if ($serverAlert.JobName -and $destServer.JobServer.Jobs.Name -NotContains $serverAlert.JobName) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Alert [$alertName] has job [$($serverAlert.JobName)] configured as response. The job does not exist on destination $destServer. Skipping."

                $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                continue
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Creating Alert $alertName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Copying Alert $alertName" -Level Verbose
                    $sql = $serverAlert.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace "@job_id=N'........-....-....-....-............", "@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"

                    Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating alert" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                }
            }

            $destServer.JobServer.Alerts.Refresh()
            $destServer.JobServer.Jobs.Refresh()

            $newAlert = $destServer.JobServer.Alerts[$alertName]
            $notifications = $serverAlert.EnumNotifications()
            $jobName = $serverAlert.JobName

            # JobId = 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000 means the Alert does not execute/is attached to a SQL Agent Job.
            if ($serverAlert.JobId -ne '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000') {
                $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $alertName
                    Type              = "Agent Alert Job Association"
                    Notes             = "Associated with $jobName"
                    Status            = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Adding $alertName to $jobName")) {
                    try {
                        <# THERE needs to be validation within this block to see if the $jobName actually exists on the source server. #>
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding $alertName to $jobName" -Level Verbose
                        $newJob = $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$jobName]
                        $newJobId = ($newJob.JobId) -replace " ", ""
                        $sql = $sql -replace '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', $newJobId
                        $sql = $sql -replace 'sp_add_alert', 'sp_update_alert'

                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding alert to job" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Moving Notifications $alertName")) {
                try {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Name              = $alertName
                        Type              = "Agent Alert Notification"
                        Notes             = $null
                        Status            = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }
                    # cant add them this way, we need to modify the existing one or give all options that are supported.
                    foreach ($notify in $notifications) {
                        $notifyCollection = @()
                        if ($notify.UseNetSend -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Adding net send" -Level Verbose
                            $notifyCollection += "NetSend"
                        }

                        if ($notify.UseEmail -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Adding email" -Level Verbose
                            $notifyCollection += "NotifyEmail"
                        }

                        if ($notify.UsePager -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Adding pager" -Level Verbose
                            $notifyCollection += "Pager"
                        }

                        $notifyMethods = $notifyCollection -join ", "
                        $newAlert.AddNotification($notify.OperatorName, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.NotifyMethods]$notifyMethods)
                    }
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue moving notifications for the alert" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAlert
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Copy-DbaAgentCategory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaAgentCategory migrates SQL Agent categories from one SQL Server to another. This is similar to sp_add_category.
 
            https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181597.aspx
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all SQL Agent categories for Jobs, Operators and Alerts are copied.
 
            The -OperatorCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operator categories.
            The -AgentCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific agent categories.
            The -JobCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific job categories.
 
            If the category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER CategoryType
            Specifies the Category Type to migrate. Valid options are "Job", "Alert" and "Operator". When CategoryType is specified, all categories from the selected type will be migrated. For granular migrations, use the three parameters below.
 
        .PARAMETER OperatorCategory
            This parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operator categories.
 
        .PARAMETER AgentCategory
            This parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific agent categories.
 
        .PARAMETER JobCategory
            This parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific job categories.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Category will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Agent
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentCategory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentCategory -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all operator categories from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows authentication. If operator categories with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentCategory -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -OperatorCategory PSOperator -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a single operator category, the PSOperator operator category from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a operator category with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentCategory -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldprocess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'SpecificAlerts')]
        [ValidateSet('Job', 'Alert', 'Operator')]
        [string[]]$CategoryType,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Copy-JobCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copy-JobCategory migrates job categories from one SQL Server to another.
 
                .DESCRIPTION
                    By default, all job categories are copied. The -JobCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific job categories.
 
                    If the associated credential for the category does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the job category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
            #>
            param (
                [string[]]$jobCategories
            )

            process {

                $serverJobCategories = $sourceServer.JobServer.JobCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100
                $destJobCategories = $destServer.JobServer.JobCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100

                foreach ($jobCategory in $serverJobCategories) {
                    $categoryName = $jobCategory.Name

                    $copyJobCategoryStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Name              = $categoryName
                        Type              = "Agent Job Category"
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($jobCategories.Count -gt 0 -and $jobCategories -notcontains $categoryName) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($destJobCategories.Name -contains $jobCategory.name) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job category $categoryName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping job category $categoryName")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Job category $categoryName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.JobCategories[$categoryName].Drop()
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyJobCategoryStatus
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping job category" -Target $categoryName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Job category $categoryName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Job category $categoryName"
                            $sql = $jobCategory.Script() | Out-String
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
                            $destServer.Query($sql)

                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying job category" -Target $categoryName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Copy-OperatorCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copy-OperatorCategory migrates operator categories from one SQL Server to another.
 
                .DESCRIPTION
                    By default, all operator categories are copied. The -OperatorCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operator categories.
 
                    If the associated credential for the category does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the operator category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldprocess = $true)]
            param (
                [string[]]$operatorCategories
            )
            process {
                $serverOperatorCategories = $sourceServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100
                $destOperatorCategories = $destServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100

                foreach ($operatorCategory in $serverOperatorCategories) {
                    $categoryName = $operatorCategory.Name

                    $copyOperatorCategoryStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Type              = "Agent Operator Category"
                        Name              = $categoryName
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($operatorCategories.Count -gt 0 -and $operatorCategories -notcontains $categoryName) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($destOperatorCategories.Name -contains $operatorCategory.Name) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                            $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Operator category $categoryName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping operator category $categoryName and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Operator category $categoryName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories[$categoryName].Drop()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Operator category $categoryName"
                                    $sql = $operatorCategory.Script() | Out-String
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping operator category" -Target $categoryName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Operator category $categoryName")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Operator category $categoryName"
                                $sql = $operatorCategory.Script() | Out-String
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            }
                            catch {
                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying operator category" -Target $categoryName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Copy-AlertCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copy-AlertCategory migrates alert categories from one SQL Server to another.
 
                .DESCRIPTION
                    By default, all alert categories are copied. The -AlertCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific alert categories.
 
                    If the associated credential for the category does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the alert category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldprocess = $true)]
            param (
                [string[]]$AlertCategories
            )

            process {
                if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                    throw "Server AlertCategories are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
                }

                $serverAlertCategories = $sourceServer.JobServer.AlertCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100
                $destAlertCategories = $destServer.JobServer.AlertCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100

                foreach ($alertCategory in $serverAlertCategories) {
                    $categoryName = $alertCategory.Name

                    $copyAlertCategoryStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Type              = "Agent Alert Category"
                        Name              = $categoryName
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($alertCategories.Length -gt 0 -and $alertCategories -notcontains $categoryName) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($destAlertCategories.Name -contains $alertCategory.name) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                            $copyAlertCategoryStatus
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Alert category $categoryName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping alert category $categoryName and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Alert category $categoryName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.AlertCategories[$categoryName].Drop()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Alert category $categoryName"
                                    $sql = $alertcategory.Script() | Out-String
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyAlertCategoryStatus
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping alert category" -Target $categoryName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Alert category $categoryName")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Alert category $categoryName"
                                $sql = $alertCategory.Script() | Out-String
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus
                            }
                            catch {
                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating alert category" -Target $categoryName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

    }
    process {
        if ($CategoryType.count -gt 0) {

            switch ($CategoryType) {
                "Job" {
                    Copy-JobCategory
                }

                "Alert" {
                    Copy-AlertCategory
                }

                "Operator" {
                    Copy-OperatorCategory
                }
            }

            return
        }

        if (($OperatorCategory.Count + $AlertCategory.Count + $jobCategory.Count) -gt 0) {

            if ($OperatorCategory.Count -gt 0) {
                Copy-OperatorCategory -OperatorCategories $OperatorCategory
            }

            if ($AlertCategory.Count -gt 0) {
                Copy-AlertCategory -AlertCategories $AlertCategory
            }

            if ($jobCategory.Count -gt 0) {
                Copy-JobCategory -JobCategories $jobCategory
            }

            return
        }

        Copy-OperatorCategory
        Copy-AlertCategory
        Copy-JobCategory
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAgentCategory
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaAgentJob migrates jobs from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all jobs are copied. The -Job parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific jobs.
 
            If the job already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableOnSource
            If this switch is enabled, the job will be disabled on the source server.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableOnDestination
            If this switch is enabled, the newly migrated job will be disabled on the destination server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Job will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Agent, Job
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all jobs from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If jobs with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Job PSJob -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a single job, the PSJob job from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a job with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [switch]$DisableOnSource,
        [switch]$DisableOnDestination,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

    }
    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $serverJobs = $sourceServer.JobServer.Jobs
        $destJobs = $destServer.JobServer.Jobs

        foreach ($serverJob in $serverJobs) {
            $jobName = $serverJob.name
            $jobId = $serverJob.JobId

            $copyJobStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $jobName
                Type              = "Agent Job"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($Job -and $jobName -notin $Job -or $jobName -in $ExcludeJob) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job [$jobName] filtered. Skipping."
                continue
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Working on job: $jobName" -Level Verbose
            $sql = "
                SELECT sp.[name] AS MaintenancePlanName
                FROM msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_plans AS sp
                INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_subplans AS sps
                    ON sps.plan_id = sp.id
                WHERE job_id = '$($jobId)'"
            Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug

            $MaintenancePlanName = $sourceServer.Query($sql).MaintenancePlanName

            if ($MaintenancePlanName) {
                $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is associated with maintenance plan"
                $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job [$jobName] is associated with Maintenance Plan: $MaintenancePlanName"
                continue
            }

            $dbNames = $serverJob.JobSteps.DatabaseName | Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 0 }
            $missingDb = $dbNames | Where-Object { $destServer.Databases.Name -notcontains $_ }

            if ($missingDb.Count -gt 0 -and $dbNames.Count -gt 0) {
                $missingDb = ($missingDb | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on database: $missingDb"
                $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database(s) $missingDb doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]."
                continue
            }

            $missingLogin = $serverJob.OwnerLoginName | Where-Object { $destServer.Logins.Name -notcontains $_ }

            if ($missingLogin.Count -gt 0) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $missingLogin = ($missingLogin | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                    $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on login $missingLogin"
                    $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login(s) $missingLogin doesn't exist on destination. Use -Force to set owner to [sa]. Skipping job [$jobName]."
                    continue
                }
            }

            $proxyNames = $serverJob.JobSteps.ProxyName | Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 0 }
            $missingProxy = $proxyNames | Where-Object { $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Name -notcontains $_ }

            if ($missingProxy.Count -gt 0 -and $proxyNames.Count -gt 0) {
                $missingProxy = ($missingProxy | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on proxy $($proxyNames[0])"
                $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Proxy Account(s) $($proxyNames[0]) doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]."
                continue
            }

            $operators = $serverJob.OperatorToEmail, $serverJob.OperatorToNetSend, $serverJob.OperatorToPage | Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 0 }
            $missingOperators = $operators | Where-Object {$destServer.JobServer.Operators.Name -notcontains $_}

            if ($missingOperators.Count -gt 0 -and $operators.Count -gt 0) {
                $missingOperator = ($operators | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on operator $missingOperator"
                $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Operator(s) $($missingOperator) doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]"
                continue
            }

            if ($destJobs.name -contains $serverJob.name) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job already exists on destination"
                    $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $jobName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping job $jobName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping Job $jobName" -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$jobName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyJobStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyJobStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping job" -Target $jobName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Job $jobName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Copying Job $jobName" -Level Verbose
                    $sql = $serverJob.Script() | Out-String

                    if ($missingLogin.Count -gt 0 -and $force) {
                        $saLogin = Get-SqlSaLogin -SqlInstance $destServer
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("@owner_login_name=N'$missingLogin'"), [Regex]::Escape("@owner_login_name=N'$saLogin'")
                    }

                    Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $destServer.JobServer.Jobs.Refresh()
                }
                catch {
                    $copyJobStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyJobStatus.Notes = (($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Innerexception.InnerException).ToString().Split("`n"))[0]
                    $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying job" -Target $jobName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($DisableOnDestination) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Disabling $jobName")) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Disabling $jobName on $destination" -Level Verbose
                    $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].IsEnabled = $False
                    $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].Alter()
                }
            }

            if ($DisableOnSource) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($source, "Disabling $jobName")) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Disabling $jobName on $source" -Level Verbose
                    $serverJob.IsEnabled = $false
                    $serverJob.Alter()
                }
            }
            $copyJobStatus.Status = "Successful"
            $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlJob
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentOperator {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaAgentOperator migrates operators from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all operators are copied. The -Operators parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operators.
 
            If the associated credentials for the operator do not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the operator already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Operator
            The operator(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all operators will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeOperator
            The operators(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Operator will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Agent, Operator
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentOperator
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all operators from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If operators with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Operator PSOperator -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies only the PSOperator operator from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an operator with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Operator,
        [object[]]$ExcludeOperator,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $serverOperator = $sourceServer.JobServer.Operators
        $destOperator = $destServer.JobServer.Operators

        $failsafe = $destServer.JobServer.AlertSystem | Select-Object FailSafeOperator
    }
    process {

        foreach ($sOperator in $serverOperator) {
            $operatorName = $sOperator.Name

            $copyOperatorStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $operatorName
                Type              = "Agent Operator"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($Operator -and $Operator -notcontains $operatorName -or $ExcludeOperator -in $operatorName) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destOperator.Name -contains $sOperator.Name) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyOperatorStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Operator $operatorName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($failsafe.FailSafeOperator -eq $operatorName) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$operatorName is the failsafe operator. Skipping drop."
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping operator $operatorName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Operator $operatorName"
                            $destServer.JobServer.Operators[$operatorName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping operator" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Operator $operatorName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Operator $operatorName"
                    $sql = $sOperator.Script() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating operator." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlOperator
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount migrates proxy accounts from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all proxy accounts are copied. The -ProxyAccounts parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific proxy accounts.
 
            If the associated credential for the account does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the proxy account already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Operator will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Agent
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all proxy accounts from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If proxy accounts with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ProxyAccount PSProxy -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies only the PSProxy proxy account from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a proxy account with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            throw "Server ProxyAccounts are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
        }

        $serverProxyAccounts = $sourceServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts
        $destProxyAccounts = $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts
    }
    process {
        foreach ($proxyAccount in $serverProxyAccounts) {
            $proxyName = $proxyAccount.Name

            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $null
                Type              = "Agent Proxy"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($proxyAccounts.Length -gt 0 -and $proxyAccounts -notcontains $proxyName) {
                continue
            }

            # Proxy accounts rely on Credential accounts
            $credentialName = $proxyAccount.CredentialName
            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Name = $credentialName
            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Type = "Credential"

            try {
                $credentialtest = $destServer.Credentials[$CredentialName]
            }
            catch {
                # don't care
            }

            if ($null -eq $credentialtest) {
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Associated credential account, $CredentialName, does not exist on $destination. Skipping migration of $proxyName."
                continue
            }

            if ($destProxyAccounts.Name -contains $proxyName) {
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Name = $proxyName
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Type = "ProxyAccount"

                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server proxy account $proxyName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping server proxy account $proxyName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server proxy account $proxyName"
                            $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts[$proxyName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Could not drop"
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping proxy account" -Target $proxyName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating server proxy account $proxyName")) {
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Name = $proxyName
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Type = "ProxyAccount"

                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server proxy account $proxyName"
                    $sql = $proxyAccount.Script() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    # Will fixing this misspelled status cause problems downstream?
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $exceptionstring = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString()
                    if ($exceptionstring -match 'subsystem') {
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipping"
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Failure"
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "One or more subsystems do not exist on the destination server. Skipping that part."
                    }
                    else {
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating proxy account" -Target $proxyName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlProxyAccount
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule migrates shared job schedules from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            All shared job schedules are copied.
 
            If the associated credential for the account does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the shared job schedule already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Operator will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Agent
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all shared job schedules from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If shared job schedules with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            throw "Server SharedSchedules are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
        }

        $serverSchedules = $sourceServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules
        $destSchedules = $destServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules
    }
    process {
        foreach ($schedule in $serverSchedules) {
            $scheduleName = $schedule.Name
            $copySharedScheduleStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Type              = "Agent Schedule"
                Name              = $scheduleName
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($schedules.Length -gt 0 -and $schedules -notcontains $scheduleName) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destSchedules.Name -contains $scheduleName) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copySharedScheduleStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Shared job schedule $scheduleName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($destServer.JobServer.Jobs.JobSchedules.Name -contains $scheduleName) {
                        $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Schedule [$scheduleName] has associated jobs. Skipping."
                        continue
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping schedule $scheduleName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping schedule $scheduleName"
                                $destServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$scheduleName].Drop()
                            }
                            catch {
                                $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping schedule" -Target $scheduleName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating schedule $scheduleName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying schedule $scheduleName"
                    $sql = $schedule.Script() | Out-String

                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating schedule" -Target $scheduleName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSharedSchedule
    }
}
function Copy-DbaBackupDevice {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copies backup devices one by one. Copies both SQL code and the backup file itself.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Backups are migrated using Admin shares. If the destination directory does not exist, SQL Server's default backup directory will be used.
 
            If a backup device with same name exists on destination, it will not be dropped and recreated unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupDevice
            BackupDevice to be copied. Auto-populated list of devices. If not provided all BackupDevice(s) will be copied.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, backup device(s) will be dropped and recreated if they already exists on destination.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, DisasterRecovery, Backup
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaBackupDevice
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all server backup devices from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If backup devices with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -BackupDevice backup01 -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies only the backup device named backup01 from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a backup device with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$BackupDevice,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        $serverBackupDevices = $sourceServer.BackupDevices
        $destBackupDevices = $destServer.BackupDevices

        $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer
        $destNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $destServer
    }
    process {
        foreach ($currentBackupDevice in $serverBackupDevices) {
            $deviceName = $currentBackupDevice.Name

            $copyBackupDeviceStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $deviceName
                Type              = "Backup Device"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($BackupDevice -and $BackupDevice -notcontains $deviceName) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destBackupDevices.Name -contains $deviceName) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "backup device $deviceName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping backup device $deviceName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping backup device $deviceName"
                            $destServer.BackupDevices[$deviceName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping backup device" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Generating SQL code for $deviceName")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scripting out SQL for $deviceName"
                try {
                    $sql = $currentBackupDevice.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                }
                catch {
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue scripting out backup device" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating that the actual file copy is about to occur")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Preparing to copy actual backup file"
            }

            $path = Split-Path $sourceServer.BackupDevices[$deviceName].PhysicalLocation
            $destPath = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $path
            $sourcepath = Join-AdminUnc $sourceNetBios $sourceServer.BackupDevices[$deviceName].PhysicalLocation

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if directory $destPath exists"

            if ($(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $Destination -Path $path) -eq $false) {
                $backupDirectory = $destServer.BackupDirectory
                $destPath = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $backupDirectory

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating create code to use new path")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$path doesn't exist on $destination"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using default backup directory $backupDirectory"

                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $deviceName to use $backupDirectory"
                        $sql = $sql -replace $path, $backupDirectory
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue updating script of backup device with new path" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Copying $sourcepath to $destPath using BITSTransfer")) {
                try {
                    Start-BitsTransfer -Source $sourcepath -Destination $destPath -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup device $deviceName successfully copied"
                }
                catch {
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying backup device to destination" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Adding backup device $deviceName")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding backup device $deviceName on $destination"
                try {
                    $destServer.Query($sql)
                    $destServer.BackupDevices.Refresh()

                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding backup device" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        } #end foreach backupDevice
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlBackupDevice
    }
}
function Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates SQL Server Central Management groups and server instances from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer copies all groups, subgroups, and server instances from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER CMSGroup
            This is an auto-populated array that contains your Central Management Server top-level groups on Source. You can specify one, many or none.
 
            If CMSGroup is not specified, all groups in your Central Management Server will be copied.
 
        .PARAMETER SwitchServerName
            If this switch is enabled, all instance names will be changed from Source to Destination.
 
            Central Management Server does not allow you to add a shared registered server with the same name as the Configuration Server.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, group(s) will be dropped and recreated if they already exists on destination.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            All groups, subgroups, and server instances are copied from sqlserver's Central Management Server to sqlcluster's Central Management Server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ServerGroup Group1,Group3
 
            Top-level groups Group1 and Group3 along with their subgroups and server instances are copied from sqlserver to sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ServerGroup Group1,Group3 -SwitchServerName -SourceSqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
 
            Top-level groups Group1 and Group3 along with their subgroups and server instances are copied from sqlserver to sqlcluster. When adding sql instances to sqlcluster, if the server name of the migrating instance is "sqlcluster", it will be switched to "sqlserver".
 
            If SwitchServerName is not specified, "sqlcluster" will be skipped.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CMSGroup,
        [switch]$SwitchServerName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Invoke-ParseServerGroup {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param (
                $sourceGroup,
                $destinationGroup,
                $SwitchServerName
            )
            if ($destinationGroup.Name -eq "DatabaseEngineServerGroup" -and $sourceGroup.Name -ne "DatabaseEngineServerGroup") {
                $currentServerGroup = $destinationGroup
                $groupName = $sourceGroup.Name
                $destinationGroup = $destinationGroup.ServerGroups[$groupName]

                $copyDestinationGroupStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $groupName
                    Type              = "CMS Destination Group"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destinationGroup) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyDestinationGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination group $groupName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    }
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping group $groupName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping group $groupName"
                            $destinationGroup.Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping group" -Target $groupName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating group $groupName")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating group $($sourceGroup.Name)"
                    $destinationGroup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup($currentServerGroup, $sourceGroup.Name)
                    $destinationGroup.Create()

                    $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyDestinationGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }

            # Add Servers
            foreach ($instance in $sourceGroup.RegisteredServers) {
                $instanceName = $instance.Name
                $serverName = $instance.ServerName

                $copyInstanceStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $instanceName
                    Type              = "CMS Instance"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($serverName.ToLower() -eq $toCmStore.DomainInstanceName.ToLower()) {
                    if ($SwitchServerName) {
                        $serverName = $fromCmStore.DomainInstanceName
                        $instanceName = $fromCmStore.DomainInstanceName
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SwitchServerName was used and new CMS equals current server name. $($toCmStore.DomainInstanceName.ToLower()) changed to $serverName."
                    }
                    else {
                        $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$serverName is Central Management Server. Add prohibited. Skipping."
                        continue
                    }
                }

                if ($destinationGroup.RegisteredServers.Name -contains $instanceName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyInstanceStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Instance $instanceName exists in group $groupName at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping instance $instanceName from $groupName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping instance $instance from $groupName"
                            $destinationGroup.RegisteredServers[$instanceName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping instance from group" -Target $instanceName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Copying $instanceName")) {
                    $newServer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer($destinationGroup, $instanceName)
                    $newServer.ServerName = $serverName
                    $newServer.Description = $instance.Description

                    if ($serverName -ne $fromCmStore.DomainInstanceName) {
                        $newServer.SecureConnectionString = $instance.SecureConnectionString.ToString()
                        $newServer.ConnectionString = $instance.ConnectionString.ToString()
                    }

                    try {
                        $newServer.Create()

                        $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        if ($_.Exception -match "same name") {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not add Switched Server instance name." -Target $instanceName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $serverName" -Target $instanceName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Added Server $serverName as $instanceName to $($destinationGroup.Name)"
                }
            }

            # Add Groups
            foreach ($fromSubGroup in $sourceGroup.ServerGroups) {
                $fromSubGroupName = $fromSubGroup.Name
                $toSubGroup = $destinationGroup.ServerGroups[$fromSubGroupName]

                $copyGroupStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $fromSubGroupName
                    Type              = "CMS Group"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $toSubGroup) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyGroupStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyGroupStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Subgroup $fromSubGroupName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping subgroup $fromSubGroupName recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping subgroup $fromSubGroupName"
                            $toSubGroup.Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyGroupStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping subgroup" -Target $toSubGroup -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating group $($fromSubGroup.Name)")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating group $($fromSubGroup.Name)"
                    $toSubGroup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup($destinationGroup, $fromSubGroup.Name)
                    $toSubGroup.create()

                    $copyGroupStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }

                Invoke-ParseServerGroup -sourceGroup $fromSubGroup -destinationgroup $toSubGroup -SwitchServerName $SwitchServerName
            }
        }

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
            throw "Central Management Server is only supported in SQL Server 2008 and newer. Quitting."
        }
    }

    process {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to Central Management Servers"

        try {
            $fromCmStore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServersStore($sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject)
            $toCmStore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServersStore($destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject)
        }
        catch {
            throw "Cannot access Central Management Servers"
        }

        $stores = $fromCmStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup
        if ($CMSGroup) {
            $stores = @();
            foreach ($groupName in $CMSGroup) {
                $stores += $fromCmStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups[$groupName]
            }
        }

        foreach ($store in $stores) {
            Invoke-ParseServerGroup -sourceGroup $store -destinationgroup $toCmStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup -SwitchServerName $SwitchServerName
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlCentralManagementServer
    }
}
function Copy-DbaCredential {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaCredential migrates SQL Server Credentials from one SQL Server to another while maintaining Credential passwords.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By using password decryption techniques provided by Antti Rantasaari (NetSPI, 2014), this script migrates SQL Server Credentials from one server to another while maintaining username and password.
 
            Credit: https://blog.netspi.com/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/
            License: BSD 3-Clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
             This command requires access to the Windows OS via PowerShell remoting. Use this credential to connect to Windows using alternative credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER CredentialIdentity
            Auto-populated list of Credentials from Source. If no Credential is specified, all Credentials will be migrated. If spaces exist in the credential name, it must be wrapped with quotes.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeCredentialIdentity
            Auto-populated list of Credentials from Source to be excluded from the migration.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Credential will be dropped and recreated if it already exists on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: WSMan, Migration
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires:
                - PowerShell Version 3.0, SQL Server SMO,
                - Administrator access on Windows
                - sysadmin access on SQL Server.
                - DAC access enabled for local (default)
            Limitations: Hasn't been tested thoroughly. Works on Win8.1 and SQL Server 2012 & 2014 so far.
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaCredential
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCredential -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all SQL Server Credentials on sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. If Credentials exist on destination, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCredential -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -CredentialIdentity "PowerShell Proxy Account" -Force
 
            Copies over one SQL Server Credential (PowerShell Proxy Account) from sqlserver to sqlcluster. If the Credential already exists on the destination, it will be dropped and recreated.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CredentialIdentity,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCredentialIdentity,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Source.ComputerName

        function Get-SqlCredential {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Gets Credential Logins
 
                    This function is heavily based on Antti Rantasaari's script at http://goo.gl/omEOrW
                    Antti Rantasaari 2014, NetSPI
                    License: BSD 3-Clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
 
                .OUTPUT
                    System.Data.DataTable
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
            param (
                [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
                [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
            )

            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            $sourceName = $server.Name

            # Query Service Master Key from the database - remove padding from the key
            # key_id 102 eq service master key, thumbprint 3 means encrypted with machinekey
            $sql = "SELECT substring(crypt_property,9,len(crypt_property)-8) FROM sys.key_encryptions WHERE key_id=102 and (thumbprint=0x03 or thumbprint=0x0300000001)"
            try {
                $smkBytes = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            }
            catch {
                throw "Can't execute SQL on $sourceName"
            }

            $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server
            $instance = $server.InstanceName
            $serviceInstanceId = $server.ServiceInstanceId

            # Get entropy from the registry - hopefully finds the right SQL server instance
            try {
                [byte[]]$entropy = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $serviceInstanceId -ScriptBlock {
                    $serviceInstanceId = $args[0]
                    $entropy = (Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\$serviceInstanceId\Security\").Entropy
                    return $entropy
                } -Raw
            }
            catch {
                throw "Can't access registry keys on $sourceName. Quitting. $_"
            }

            # Decrypt the service master key
            try {
                $serviceKey = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $smkBytes, $Entropy -ScriptBlock {
                    Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Security
                    Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Core
                    $smkBytes = $args[0]; $Entropy = $args[1]
                    $serviceKey = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect($smkBytes, $Entropy, 'LocalMachine')
                    return $serviceKey
                } -Raw
            }
            catch {
                throw "Can't unprotect registry data on $($source.Name)). Quitting."
            }

            <#
                Choose the encryption algorithm based on the SMK length:
                    3DES for 2008, AES for 2012
                Choose IV length based on the algorithm
            #>
            if (($serviceKey.Length -ne 16) -and ($serviceKey.Length -ne 32)) {
                throw "Unknown key size. Cannot continue. Quitting."
            }

            if ($serviceKey.Length -eq 16) {
                $decryptor = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider
                $ivlen = 8
            }
            elseif ($serviceKey.Length -eq 32) {
                $decryptor = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.AESCryptoServiceProvider
                $ivlen = 16
            }

            <#
                Query link server password information from the Db. Remove header from pwdhash,
                    extract IV (as iv) and ciphertext (as pass).
                Ignore links with blank credentials (integrated auth ?)
            #>
            if ($server.IsClustered -eq $false) {
                $connString = "Server=ADMIN:$sourceNetBios\$instance;Trusted_Connection=True"
            }
            else {
                $dacEnabled = $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue


                if ($dacEnabled -eq $false) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Enabling DAC on clustered instance")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DAC must be enabled for clusters, even when accessed from active node. Enabling."
                        $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue = $true
                        $server.Configuration.Alter()
                    }
                }

                $connString = "Server=ADMIN:$sourceName;Trusted_Connection=True"
            }

            $sql = "SELECT QUOTENAME(name) AS name,credential_identity,substring(imageval,5,$ivlen) iv, substring(imageval,$($ivlen + 5),len(imageval)-$($ivlen + 4)) pass from sys.Credentials cred inner join sys.sysobjvalues obj on cred.credential_id = obj.objid where valclass=28 and valnum=2"

            # Get entropy from the registry
            try {
                $creds = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $connString, $sql -ScriptBlock {
                    $connString = $args[0]; $sql = $args[1]
                    $conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection($connString)
                    try {
                        $conn.Open()
                        $cmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $conn);
                        $data = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
                        $dt = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable"
                        $dt.Load($data)
                        $conn.Close()
                        $conn.Dispose()
                        return $dt
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Can't establish local DAC connection to $sourceName or other error. Quitting." -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                } -Raw
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't establish local DAC connection to $sourceName or other error. Quitting." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($server.IsClustered -and $dacEnabled -eq $false) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Disabling DAC on clustered instance")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting DAC config back to 0"
                    $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue = $false
                    $server.Configuration.Alter()
                }
            }

            $decryptedLogins = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable"
            [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Credential")
            [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Identity")
            [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Password")

            # Go through each row in results
            foreach ($cred in $creds) {
                # decrypt the password using the service master key and the extracted IV
                $decryptor.Padding = "None"
                $decrypt = $decryptor.CreateEncryptor($serviceKey, $cred.iv)
                $stream = New-Object System.IO.MemoryStream ( , $cred.pass)
                $crypto = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream $stream, $decrypt, "Write"

                $crypto.Write($cred.Pass, 0, $cred.Pass.Length)
                [byte[]]$decrypted = $stream.ToArray()

                # convert decrypted password to unicode
                $encode = New-Object System.Text.UnicodeEncoding

                <#
                    Print results - removing the weird padding (8 bytes in the front, some bytes at the end)...
                    Might cause problems but so far seems to work.. may be dependant on SQL server version...
                    If problems arise remove the next three lines..
                #>
                $i = 8
                foreach ($b in $decrypted) {
                    if ($decrypted[$i] -ne 0 -and $decrypted[$i + 1] -ne 0 -or $i -eq $decrypted.Length) {
                        $i -= 1
                        break
                    }
                    $i += 1
                }
                $decrypted = $decrypted[8 .. $i]

                [void]$decryptedLogins.Rows.Add($($cred.Name), $($cred.Credential_Identity), $($encode.GetString($decrypted)))
            }
            return $decryptedLogins
        }

        function Copy-Credential {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copies Credentials from one server to another using a combination of SMO's .Script() and manual password updates.
 
                .OUTPUT
                    System.Data.DataTable
            #>
            param (
                [string[]]$credentials,
                [bool]$force
            )

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting Credential logins and passwords on $($sourceServer.Name)"
            $sourceCredentials = Get-SqlCredential $sourceServer
            $credentialList = $sourceServer.Credentials

            if ($CredentialIdentity) {
                $credentialList = $credentialList | Where-Object { $CredentialIdentity -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeCredentialIdentity) {
                $credentialList = $credentialList | Where-Object { $CredentialIdentity -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting migration"
            foreach ($credential in $credentialList) {
                $destServer.Credentials.Refresh()
                $credentialName = $credential.Name

                $copyCredentialStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Credential"
                    Name              = $credentialName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.Credentials[$credentialName]) {
                    if (!$force) {
                        $copyCredentialStatus.Status = "Skipping"
                        $copyCredentialStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyCredentialStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$credentialName exists $($destServer.Name). Skipping."
                        continue
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination.Name, "Dropping $identity")) {
                            $destServer.Credentials[$credentialName].Drop()
                            $destServer.Credentials.Refresh()
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate $credentialName"
                try {
                    $currentCred = $sourceCredentials | Where-Object { $_.Credential -eq "[$credentialName]" }
                    $identity = $currentCred.Identity
                    $password = $currentCred.Password
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination.Name, "Copying $identity")) {
                        $sql = "CREATE CREDENTIAL [$credentialName] WITH IDENTITY = N'$identity', SECRET = N'$password'"
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $destServer.Credentials.Refresh()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$credentialName successfully copied"
                    }

                    $copyCredentialStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyCredentialStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyCredentialStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyCredentialStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Error creating credential" -Target $credentialName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($null -ne $SourceSqlCredential.Username) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You are using SQL credentials and this script requires Windows admin access to the $Source server. Trying anyway."
        }

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            throw "Credentials are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
        }

        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $destServer
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting NetBios name for $source"
        $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer

        # This output is wrong. Will fix later.
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $source"
        try {
            Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -Credential $credential -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" }
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $source." -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        # Magic happens here
        Copy-Credential $credentials -force:$force
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlCredential
    }
}
function Copy-DbaCustomError {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaCustomError migrates custom errors (user defined messages), by the custom error ID, from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all custom errors are copied. The -CustomError parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific custom errors.
 
            If the custom error already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used. The us_english version must be created first. If you drop the us_english version, all the other languages will be dropped for that specific ID as well.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER CustomError
            The custom error(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all custom errors will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeCustomError
            The custom error(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the custom error will be dropped and recreated if it already exists on Destination.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, CustomError
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaCustomError
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all server custom errors from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If custom errors with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -SourceSqlCredential $scred -Destination sqlcluster -DestinationSqlCredential $dcred -CustomError 60000 -Force
 
            Copies only the custom error with ID number 60000 from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a custom error with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be updated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeCustomError 60000 -Force
 
            Copies all the custom errors found on sqlserver2014a except the custom error with ID number 60000 to sqlcluster. If a custom error with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be updated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CustomError,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCustomError,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            throw "Custom Errors are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
        }
    }
    process {

        # US has to go first
        $orderedCustomErrors = @($sourceServer.UserDefinedMessages | Where-Object Language -eq "us_english")
        $orderedCustomErrors += $sourceServer.UserDefinedMessages | Where-Object Language -ne "us_english"
        $destCustomErrors = $destServer.UserDefinedMessages

        foreach ($currentCustomError in $orderedCustomErrors) {
            $customErrorId = $currentCustomError.ID
            $language = $currentCustomError.Language.ToString()

            $copyCustomErrorStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Type              = "Custom error"
                Name              = $currentCustomError
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ( $CustomError -and ($customErrorId -notin $CustomError -or $customErrorId -in $ExcludeCustomError) ) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destCustomErrors.ID -contains $customErrorId) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyCustomErrorStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Custom error $customErrorId $language exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping custom error $customErrorId $language and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping custom error $customErrorId (drops all languages for custom error $customErrorId)"
                            $destServer.UserDefinedMessages[$customErrorId, $language].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping custom error" -Target $customErrorId -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating custom error $customErrorId $language")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying custom error $customErrorId $language"
                    $sql = $currentCustomError.Script() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating custom error" -Target $customErrorId -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlCustomError
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDatabase {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates SQL Server databases from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This script provides the ability to migrate databases using detach/copy/attach or backup/restore. This script works with named instances, clusters and SQL Server Express Edition.
 
            By default, databases will be migrated to the destination SQL Server's default data and log directories. You can override this by specifying -ReuseSourceFolderStructure. Filestreams and filegroups are also migrated. Safety is emphasized.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Migrates only specified databases. This list is auto-populated from the server for tab completion. Multiple databases may be specified as a collection.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Excludes specified databases when performing -AllDatabases migrations. This list is auto-populated from the Source for tab completion.
 
        .PARAMETER AllDatabases
            If this switch is enabled, all user databases will be migrated. System and support databases will not be migrated. Requires -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupRestore
            If this switch is enabled, the copy-only backup and restore method will be used to migrate the database(s). This method requires that you specify -NetworkShare in a valid UNC format (\\server\share).
 
            Backups will be immediately deleted after use unless -NoBackupCleanup is specified.
 
        .PARAMETER NetworkShare
            Specifies the network location for the backup files. The SQL Server service accounts must have read/write permission on this path.
 
        .PARAMETER WithReplace
            If this switch is enabled, the restore is executed with WITH REPLACE.
 
        .PARAMETER NoRecovery
            If this switch is enabled, the restore is executed with WITH NORECOVERY. Ideal for staging.
 
        .PARAMETER NoBackupCleanup
            If this switch is enabled, backups generated by this cmdlet will not be deleted after they are restored. The default behavior is to delete these backups.
 
        .PARAMETER NumberFiles
            Number of files to split the backup. Default is 3.
 
        .PARAMETER DetachAttach
            If this switch is enabled, the detach/copy/attach method is used to perform database migrations. No files are deleted on Source. If Destination attachment fails, the Source database will be reattached. File copies are performed over administrative shares (\\server\x$\mssql) using BITS. If a database is being mirrored, the mirror will be broken prior to migration.
 
        .PARAMETER Reattach
            If this switch is enabled, all databases are reattached to Source after DetachAttach migration.
 
        .PARAMETER SetSourceReadOnly
            If this switch is enabled, all migrated databases are set to ReadOnly on Source prior to detach/attach & backup/restore.
 
            If -Reattach is used, databases are set to read-only after reattaching.
 
        .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
            If this switch is enabled, databases will be migrated to a data and log directory structure on Destination mirroring that used on Source. By default, the default data and log directories for Destination will be used when the databases are migrated.
 
            The structure on Source will be kept exactly, so consider this if you're migrating between different versions and use part of Microsoft's default Sql structure (MSSql12.INSTANCE, etc)
 
            To reuse Destination folder structure, use the -WithReplace switch.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSupportDbs
            If this switch is enabled, ReportServer, ReportServerTempDb, SSISDB, and distribution databases will be copied if they exist on Source. A logfile named $SOURCE-$DESTINATION-$date-Sqls.csv will be written to the current directory.
 
            Use of this switch requires -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach as well.
 
        .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
            A collection of dbobjects from the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER NoCopyOnly
             If this switch is enabled, backups will be taken without COPY_ONLY. This will break the LSN backup chain, which will interfere with the restore chain of the database.
 
            By default this switch is disabled, so backups will be taken with COPY_ONLY. This will preserve the LSN backup chain.
 
            For more details please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191495.aspx
 
        .PARAMETER SetSourceOffline
            If this switch is enabled, the Source database will be set to Offline after being copied.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, existing databases on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped. If using -DetachReattach, mirrors will be broken and the database(s) dropped from Availability Groups.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
            Limitations: Doesn't cover what it doesn't cover (replication, certificates, etc)
                        SQL Server 2000 databases cannot be directly migrated to SQL Server 2012 and above.
                        Logins within SQL Server 2012 and above logins cannot be migrated to SQL Server 2008 R2 and below.
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaDatabase
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlserver2014b -Database TestDB -BackupRestore -NetworkShare \\fileshare\sql\migration
 
            Migrates a single user database TestDB using Backup and restore from instance sqlserver2014a to sqlserver2014b. Backup files are stored in \\fileshare\sql\migration.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -DetachAttach -Reattach
 
            Databases will be migrated from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using the detach/copy files/attach method.The following will be performed: kick all users out of the database, detach all data/log files, move files across the network over an admin share (\\SqlSERVER\M$\MSSql...), attach file on destination server, reattach at source. If the database files (*.mdf, *.ndf, *.ldf) on *destination* exist and aren't in use, they will be overwritten.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeDatabase Northwind, pubs -IncludeSupportDbs -Force -BackupRestore -NetworkShare \\fileshare\sql\migration
 
            Migrates all user databases except for Northwind and pubs by using backup/restore (copy-only). Backup files are stored in \\fileshare\sql\migration. If the database exists on the destination, it will be dropped prior to attach.
 
            It also includes the support databases (ReportServer, ReportServerTempDb, distribution).
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "DbBackup", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]
        $Source,

        [PSCredential]

        $SourceSqlCredential,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]
        $Destination,

        [PSCredential]

        $DestinationSqlCredential,

        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]
        $Database,

        [object[]]
        $ExcludeDatabase,

        [Alias("All")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]
        $AllDatabases,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]
        $BackupRestore,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup",
            HelpMessage = "Specify a valid network share in the format \\server\share that can be accessed by your account and the SQL Server service accounts for both Source and Destination.")]
        [string]
        $NetworkShare,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]
        $WithReplace,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]
        $NoRecovery,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]
        $NoBackupCleanup,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [ValidateRange(1, 64)]
        [int]
        $NumberFiles = 3,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]
        $DetachAttach,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]
        $Reattach,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]
        $SetSourceReadOnly,

        [Alias("ReuseFolderStructure")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]
        $ReuseSourceFolderStructure,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]
        $IncludeSupportDbs,

        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [object]
        $DatabaseCollection,

        [switch]
        $NoCopyOnly,

        [switch]
        $SetSourceOffline,

        [switch]
        $Force,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDatabase

        $CopyOnly = -not $NoCopyOnly
        function Join-AdminUnc {
            <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Parses a path to make it an admin UNC.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [string]
                $servername,

                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [string]
                $filepath

            )

            if ($script:sameserver) { return $filepath }
            if (!$filepath) { return }
            if ($filepath.StartsWith("\\")) { return $filepath }

            $servername = $servername.Split("\")[0]

            if ($filepath.length -gt 0 -and $filepath -ne [System.DbNull]::Value) {
                $newpath = Join-Path "\\$servername\" $filepath.replace(':', '$')
                return $newpath
            }
            else { return }
        }

        # Global Database Function
        function Get-SqlFileStructure {
            $dbcollection = @{ };
            $databaseProgressbar = 0

            foreach ($db in $databaseList) {
                Write-Progress -Id 1 -Activity "Processing database file structure" -PercentComplete ($databaseProgressbar / $dbCount * 100) -Status "Processing $databaseProgressbar of $dbCount."
                $dbName = $db.Name
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $dbName

                $databaseProgressbar++
                $dbStatus = $db.status.toString()
                if ($dbStatus.StartsWith("Normal") -eq $false) { continue }
                $destinationfiles = @{ }; $sourcefiles = @{ }

                $where = "Filetype <> 'LOG' and Filetype <> 'FULLTEXT'"

                $datarows = $dbFileTable.Tables.Select("dbname = '$dbName' and $where")

                # Data Files
                foreach ($file in $datarows) {
                    # Destination File Structure
                    $d = @{ }
                    if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                        $d.physical = $file.filename
                    }
                    elseif ($WithReplace) {
                        $name = $file.Name
                        $destfile = $remoteDbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and name = '$name'")
                        $d.physical = $destfile.filename

                        if ($null -eq $d.physical) {
                            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                            $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                        $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                        $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                    }
                    $d.logical = $file.Name

                    $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios $d.physical
                    $destinationfiles.add($file.Name, $d)

                    # Source File Structure
                    $s = @{ }
                    $s.logical = $file.Name
                    $s.physical = $file.filename
                    $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios $s.physical
                    $sourcefiles.add($file.Name, $s)
                }

                # Add support for Full Text Catalogs in SQL Server 2005 and below
                if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                    try {
                        $fttable = $null = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].ExecuteWithResults('sp_help_fulltext_catalogs')
                        $allrows = $fttable.Tables[0].rows
                    }
                    catch {
                        # Nothing, it's just not enabled
                    }

                    foreach ($ftc in $allrows) {
                        # Destination File Structure
                        $d = @{ }
                        $pre = "sysft_"
                        $name = $ftc.Name
                        $physical = $ftc.Path # RootPath
                        $logical = "$pre$name"
                        if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                            $d.physical = $physical
                        }
                        else {
                            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) { $directory = "$directory\FTDATA" }
                            $fileName = Split-Path($physical) -leaf
                            $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                        }
                        $d.logical = $logical
                        $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios $d.physical
                        $destinationfiles.add($logical, $d)

                        # Source File Structure
                        $s = @{ }
                        $pre = "sysft_"
                        $name = $ftc.Name
                        $physical = $ftc.Path # RootPath
                        $logical = "$pre$name"

                        $s.logical = $logical
                        $s.physical = $physical
                        $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios $s.physical
                        $sourcefiles.add($logical, $s)
                    }
                }

                $where = "Filetype = 'LOG'"
                $datarows = $dbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and $where")

                # Log Files
                foreach ($file in $datarows) {
                    $d = @{ }
                    if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                        $d.physical = $file.filename
                    }
                    elseif ($WithReplace) {
                        $name = $file.Name
                        $destfile = $remoteDbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and name = '$name'")
                        $d.physical = $destfile.filename

                        if ($null -eq $d.physical) {
                            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                            $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer log
                        $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                        $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                    }
                    $d.logical = $file.Name
                    $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios $d.physical
                    $destinationfiles.add($file.Name, $d)

                    $s = @{ }
                    $s.logical = $file.Name
                    $s.physical = $file.filename
                    $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios $s.physical
                    $sourcefiles.add($file.Name, $s)
                }

                $location = @{ }
                $location.add("Destination", $destinationfiles)
                $location.add("Source", $sourcefiles)
                $dbcollection.Add($($db.Name), $location)
            }

            $fileStructure = [pscustomobject]@{ "databases" = $dbcollection }
            Write-Progress -id 1 -Activity "Processing database file structure" -Status "Completed" -Completed
            return $fileStructure
        }

        # Detach Attach
        function Dismount-SqlDatabase {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [object]
                $server,

                [string]
                $dbName
            )

            $currentdb = $server.databases[$dbName]
            if ($currentdb.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Breaking mirror for $dbName"
                    $currentdb.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                    $currentdb.Alter()
                    $currentdb.Refresh()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not break mirror for $dbName. Skipping."
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue breaking mirror." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
                    return $false
                }
            }

            if ($currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) {
                $agName = $currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting remove from Availability Group $agName."
                try {
                    $server.AvailabilityGroups[$currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName].AvailabilityDatabases[$dbName].Drop()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed $dbName from detach from $agName on $($server.Name)."
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $dbName from $agName on $($server.Name)." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
                    return $false
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting detach from $dbName from $source."

            ####### Using Sql to detach does not modify the $currentdb collection #######

            $server.KillAllProcesses($dbName)

            try {
                $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbName] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $sql
                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully set $dbName to single-user from $source."
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting database to single-user." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            try {
                $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_detach_db N'$dbName'"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $sql
                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully detached $dbName from $source."
                return $true
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue detaching database." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
                return $false
            }
        }

        function Mount-SqlDatabase {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [object]
                $server,

                [string]
                $dbName,

                [object]
                $fileStructure,

                [string]
                $dbOwner
            )

            if ($null -eq $server.Logins.Item($dbOwner)) {
                try {
                    $dbOwner = ($destServer.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
                }
                catch {
                    $dbOwner = "sa"
                }
            }
            try {
                $null = $server.AttachDatabase($dbName, $fileStructure, $dbOwner, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AttachOptions]::None)
                return $true
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue mounting database." -ErrorRecord $_
                return $false
            }
        }

        function Start-SqlFileTransfer {
            <#
 
            SYNOPSIS
            Internal function. Uses BITS to transfer detached files (.mdf, .ndf, .ldf, and filegroups) to
            another server over admin UNC paths. Locations of data files are kept in the
            custom object generated by Get-SqlFileStructure
 
            #>
            param (
                [object]
                $fileStructure,

                [string]
                $dbName
            )

            $copydb = $fileStructure.databases[$dbName]
            $dbsource = $copydb.source
            $dbdestination = $copydb.destination

            foreach ($file in $dbsource.keys) {
                $remotefilename = $dbdestination[$file].remotefilename
                $from = $dbsource[$file].remotefilename
                try {
                    if (Test-Path $from -pathtype container) {
                        $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $remotefilename -Force
                        Start-BitsTransfer -Source "$from\*.*" -Destination $remotefilename

                        $directories = (Get-ChildItem -recurse $from | Where-Object { $_.PsIsContainer }).FullName
                        foreach ($directory in $directories) {
                            $newdirectory = $directory.replace($from, $remotefilename)
                            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $newdirectory -Force
                            Start-BitsTransfer -Source "$directory\*.*" -Destination $newdirectory
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying $from for $dbName."
                        Start-BitsTransfer -Source $from -Destination $remotefilename
                    }
                    $fn = Split-Path $($dbdestination[$file].physical) -leaf
                }
                catch {
                    try {
                        # Sometimes BITS trips out temporarily on cloned drives.
                        Start-BitsTransfer -Source $from -Destination $remotefilename
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Start-BitsTransfer did not succeed. Now attempting with Copy-Item - no progress bar will be shown."
                        try {
                            Copy-Item -Path $from -Destination $remotefilename -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Access denied. This can happen for a number of reasons including issues with cloned disks."
                            Stop-Function -Message "Alternatively, you may need to run PowerShell as Administrator, especially when running on localhost." -Target $from -ErrorRecord $_
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return $true
        }

        function Start-SqlDetachAttach {
            <#
 
            .SYNOPSIS
            Internal function. Performs checks, then executes Dismount-SqlDatabase on a database, copies its files to the new server, then performs Mount-SqlDatabase. $sourceServer and $destServer are SMO server objects.
 
            $fileStructure is a custom object generated by Get-SqlFileStructure
 
            #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [object]
                $sourceServer,

                [object]
                $destServer,

                [object]
                $fileStructure,

                [string]
                $dbName
            )

            $destfilestructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
            $sourceFileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
            $dbOwner = $sourceServer.databases[$dbName].owner

            if ($null -eq $dbOwner) {
                try {
                    $dbOwner = ($destServer.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
                }
                catch {
                    $dbOwner = "sa"
                }
            }

            foreach ($file in $fileStructure.databases[$dbName].destination.values) { $null = $destfilestructure.add($file.physical) }
            foreach ($file in $fileStructure.databases[$dbName].source.values) { $null = $sourceFileStructure.add($file.physical) }

            $detachresult = Dismount-SqlDatabase $sourceServer $dbName

            if ($detachresult) {
                $transfer = Start-SqlFileTransfer $fileStructure $dbName
                if ($transfer -eq $false) { Write-Warning "Could not copy files."; return "Could not copy files." }
                $attachresult = Mount-SqlDatabase $destServer $dbName $destfilestructure $dbOwner

                if ($attachresult -eq $true) {
                    # add to added dbs because ATTACH was successful
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully attached $dbName to $destination."
                    return $true
                }
                else {
                    # add to failed because ATTACH was unsuccessful
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not attach $dbName."
                    return "Could not attach database."
                }
            }
            else {
                # add to failed because DETACH was unsuccessful
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not detach $dbName."
                return "Could not detach database."
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (($AllDatabases -or $IncludeSupportDbs -or $Database) -and !$DetachAttach -and !$BackupRestore) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify -DetachAttach or -BackupRestore when migrating databases."
            return
        }

        if ($DatabaseCollection.Length -gt 0) {
            $Source = $DatabaseCollection[0].Parent.Name
            $Database = $DatabaseCollection.Name
        }

        if ($Database -contains "master" -or $Database -contains "msdb" -or $Database -contains "tempdb") {
            Stop-Function -Message "Migrating system databases is not currently supported."
            return
        }

        if (!$AllDatabases -and !$IncludeSupportDbs -and !$Database) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue."
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to SQL Servers."
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        if ($sourceServer.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -eq $destServer.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS) {
            $script:sameserver = $true
        }
        else {
            $script:sameserver = $false
        }

        if ($script:sameserver -and $DetachAttach) {
            if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $sourceServer)) { return }
        }

        $destVersionLower = $destServer.VersionMajor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMajor
        $destVersionMinorLow = ($destServer.VersionMajor -eq 10 -and $sourceServer.VersionMajor -eq 10) -and ($destServer.VersionMinor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMinor)

        if ($destVersionLower -or $destVersionMinorLow) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Error: copy database cannot be made from newer $($sourceServer.VersionString) to older $($destServer.VersionString) SQL Server version."
            return
        }

        if ($DetachAttach) {
            if ($sourceServer.NetName -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME -or $destServer.NetName -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "When running DetachAttach locally on the console, it's possible you'll need to Run As Administrator. Trying anyway."
                }
            }
        }

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($NetworkShare.Length -gt 0) {
            if ($(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Path $NetworkShare) -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Source may not be able to access $NetworkShare. Trying anyway."
            }

            if ($(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $NetworkShare) -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Destination may not be able to access $NetworkShare. Trying anyway."
            }

            if ($NetworkShare.StartsWith('\\')) {
                try {
                    $shareServer = ($NetworkShare -split "\\")[2]
                    $hostEntry = ([Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($shareServer)).HostName -split "\."

                    if ($shareServer -ne $hostEntry[0]) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using CNAME records for the network share may present an issue if an SPN has not been created. Trying anyway. If it doesn't work, use a different (A record) hostname."
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error validating unc path: $_"
                    return
                }
            }
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving NetBIOS names."
        $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer
        $destNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $destServer

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing SMO version check."
        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $destServer

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure the source isn't the same as the destination."
        if ($source -eq $destination) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Source and Destination SQL Servers instances are the same. Quitting."
            return
        }

        if ($NetworkShare.Length -gt 0) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure network path is valid."
            if (!($NetworkShare.StartsWith("\\")) -and !$script:sameserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Network share must be a valid UNC path (\\server\share)."
                return
            }

            if (!$script:sameserver) {
                try {
                    if ((Test-Path $NetworkShare -ErrorAction Stop)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$NetworkShare share can be accessed."
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$NetworkShare share cannot be accessed. Still trying anyway, in case the SQL Server service accounts have access."
                }
            }
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure server is not SQL Server 7 or below."
        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 8 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 8) {
            Stop-Function -Message "This script can only be run on SQL Server 2000 and above. Quitting."
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure detach/attach is not attempted on SQL Server 2000."
        if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -and $DetachAttach) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Detach/Attach not supported when destination SQL Server is version 2000. Quitting." -Target $destServer
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure SQL Server 2000 migration isn't directly attempted to SQL Server 2012."
        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -gt 10) {
            Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 2000 databases cannot be migrated to SQL Server versions 2012 and above. Quitting." -Target $destServer
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Warning if migration from 2005 to 2012 and above and attach/detach is used."
        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -eq 9 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -gt 9 -and !$BackupRestore -and !$Force -and $DetachAttach) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup and restore is the safest method for migrating from SQL Server 2005 to other SQL Server versions. Please use the -BackupRestore switch or override this requirement by specifying -Force."
            return
        }

        if ($sourceServer.Collation -ne $destServer.Collation) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Warning on different collation."
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collation on $Source, $($sourceServer.Collation) differs from the $Destination, $($destServer.Collation)."
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring user databases exist (counting databases)."
        $dbTotal = $sourceServer.Databases.Count

        if ($dbTotal -le 4) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No user databases to migrate. Quitting."
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring destination server version is equal to or greater than source."
        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -ge $destServer.VersionMajor) {
            if ($sourceServer.VersionMinor -gt $destServer.VersionMinor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Source SQL Server version build must be <= destination SQL Server for database migration."
            }
        }

        # SMO's filestreamlevel is sometimes null
        $sql = "select coalesce(SERVERPROPERTY('FilestreamConfiguredLevel'),0) as fs"
        $sourceFilestream = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
        $destFilestream = $destServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
        if ($sourceFilestream -gt 0 -and $destFilestream -eq 0) {
            $fsWarning = $true
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing warning about filestream being enabled."
        if ($fsWarning) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "FILESTREAM enabled on $source but not $destination. Databases that use FILESTREAM will be skipped."
        }

        if ($DetachAttach -eq $true) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking access to remote directories."
            $remoteSourcePath = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios (Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $sourceServer -filetype data)

            if ((Test-Path $remoteSourcePath) -ne $true -and $DetachAttach) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Can't access remote Sql directories on $source which is required to perform detach/copy/attach."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You can manually try accessing $remoteSourcePath to diagnose any issues."
                Stop-Function -Message "Halting database migration."
                return
            }

            $remoteDestPath = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios (Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $destServer -filetype data)
            If ((Test-Path $remoteDestPath) -ne $true -and $DetachAttach) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Can't access remote Sql directories on $destination which is required to perform detach/copy/attach."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You can manually try accessing $remoteDestPath to diagnose any issues."
                Stop-Function -Message "Halting database migration."
                return
            }
        }

        if (($Database -or $ExcludeDatabase -or $IncludeSupportDbs) -and (!$DetachAttach -and !$BackupRestore)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You did not select a migration method. Please use -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach."
            return
        }

        if ((!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$IncludeSupportDbs) -and ($DetachAttach -or $BackupRestore)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You did not select any databases to migrate. Please use -AllDatabases or -Database or -IncludeSupportDbs."
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building database list."
        $databaseList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
        $SupportDBs = "ReportServer", "ReportServerTempDB", "distribution"
        foreach ($currentdb in ($sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible)) {
            $dbName = $currentdb.Name
            $dbOwner = $currentdb.Owner

            if ($currentdb.Id -le 4) { continue }
            if ($Database -and $Database -notcontains $dbName) { continue }
            if ($IncludeSupportDBs -eq $false -and $SupportDBs -contains $dbName) { continue }
            if ($IncludeSupportDBs -eq $true -and $SupportDBs -notcontains $dbName) {
                if ($AllDatabases -eq $false -and $Database.length -eq 0) { continue }
            }
            $null = $databaseList.Add($currentdb)
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing count."
        $dbCount = $databaseList.Count

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building file structure inventory for $dbCount databases."

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
            $sql = "select DB_NAME (dbid) as dbname, name, filename, CASE WHEN groupid = 0 THEN 'LOG' ELSE 'ROWS' END as filetype from sysaltfiles"
        }
        else {
            $sql = "SELECT db.Name AS dbname, type_desc AS FileType, mf.Name, Physical_Name AS filename FROM sys.master_files mf INNER JOIN sys.databases db ON db.database_id = mf.database_id"
        }

        $dbFileTable = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)

        if ($destServer.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
            $sql = "select DB_NAME (dbid) as dbname, name, filename, CASE WHEN groupid = 0 THEN 'LOG' ELSE 'ROWS' END as filetype from sysaltfiles"
        }
        else {
            $sql = "SELECT db.Name AS dbname, type_desc AS FileType, mf.Name, Physical_Name AS filename FROM sys.master_files mf INNER JOIN sys.databases db ON db.database_id = mf.database_id"
        }

        $remoteDbFileTable = $destServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)

        $fileStructure = Get-SqlFileStructure -sourceserver $sourceServer -destserver $destServer -databaselist $databaseList -ReuseSourceFolderStructure $ReuseSourceFolderStructure

        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        $started = Get-Date
        $script:TimeNow = (Get-Date -UFormat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")

        $allDbElapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()

        if ($AllDatabases -or $ExcludeDatabase.length -gt 0 -or $IncludeSupportDbs -or $Database.length -gt 0) {
            foreach ($currentdb in $databaseList) {
                $dbElapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                $dbName = $currentdb.Name
                $dbOwner = $currentdb.Owner

                $copyDatabaseStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer        = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer   = $destServer.Name
                    Name                = $dbName
                    DestinationDatabase = $dbname
                    Type                = "Database"
                    Status              = $null
                    Notes               = $null
                    DateTime            = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`n######### Database: $dbName #########"
                $dbStart = Get-Date

                if ($ExcludeDatabase -contains $dbName) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName excluded. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for accessibility."
                if ($currentdb.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $dbName. Database is inaccessible."

                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Database is not accessible"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }

                if ($fsWarning) {
                    $fsRows = $dbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and FileType = 'FileStream'")

                    if ($fsRows.Count -gt 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $dbName (contains FILESTREAM)."
                        $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Contains FILESTREAM"
                        $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    }
                }

                if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                    $fgRows = $dbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and FileType = 'ROWS'")[0]
                    $remotePath = Split-Path $fgRows.Filename

                    if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $remotePath)) {
                        # Stop-Function -Message "Cannot resolve $remotePath on $source. `n`nYou have specified ReuseSourceFolderStructure and exact folder structure does not exist. Halting script."
                        $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "$remotePath does not exist on $destination and ReuseSourceFolderStructure was specified" #"Can't resolve $remotePath"
                        $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        return
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking Availability Group status."
                if ($currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0 -and !$force -and $DetachAttach) {
                    $agName = $currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database is part of an Availability Group ($agName). Use -Force to drop from $agName and migrate. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method."
                    continue
                }

                $dbStatus = $currentdb.Status.ToString()

                if ($dbStatus.StartsWith("Normal") -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName is not in a Normal state. Skipping."

                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Not in normal state"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }

                if ($currentdb.ReplicationOptions -ne "None" -and $DetachAttach -eq $true) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName is part of replication. Skipping."

                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Part of replication"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }

                if ($currentdb.IsMirroringEnabled -and !$force -and $DetachAttach) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database is being mirrored. Use -Force to break mirror and migrate. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method."

                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Database is mirrored"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }

                if (($null -ne $destServer.Databases[$dbName]) -and !$force -and !$WithReplace) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate. Aborting routine for this database."

                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                elseif ($null -ne $destServer.Databases[$dbName] -and $force) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "DROP DATABASE $dbName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName already exists. -Force was specified. Dropping $dbName on $destination."
                        $dropResult = Remove-SqlDatabase $destServer $dbName

                        if ($dropResult -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database could not be dropped. Aborting routine for this database."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Could not drop database"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($force) {
                    $WithReplace = $true
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing start time")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Started: $dbStart."
                }

                if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
                    $sourceDbOwnerChaining = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].DatabaseOwnershipChaining
                    $sourceDbTrustworthy = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Trustworthy
                    $sourceDbBrokerEnabled = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].BrokerEnabled
                }

                $sourceDbReadOnly = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].ReadOnly

                if ($SetSourceReadOnly) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($source, "Set $dbName to read-only")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting database to read-only."
                        $result = Update-SqldbReadOnly -SqlInstance $sourceServer -dbname $dbName -readonly:$true

                        if ($result -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Couldn't set database to read-only. Aborting routine for this database."
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($BackupRestore) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Backup $dbName from $source and restoring.")) {
                        $copyDatabaseStatus.Type = "Database (BackupRestore)"

                        $fileName = "$dbName-$timeNow.bak"
                        $backupFile = Join-Path $NetworkShare $fileName
                        $backupTmpResult = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $dbName -backupDirectory (Split-Path -Path $backupFile -parent) -FileCount $numberfiles -CopyOnly:$CopyOnly
                        $backupResult = $BackupTmpResult.BackupComplete
                        if ($backupResult -eq $false) {
                            $serviceAccount = $sourceServer.ServiceAccount
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup Failed. Does SQL Server account $serviceAccount have access to $($NetworkShare)? Aborting routine for this database."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Backup failed. Verify service account access to $NetworkShare."
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            continue
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resuse = $ReuseSourceFolderStructure."
                        $restoreResultTmp = $backupTmpResult | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -DatabaseName $dbName -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -TrustDbBackupHistory -WithReplace:$WithReplace
                        $restoreResult = $restoreResultTmp.RestoreComplete

                        if ($restoreResult -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully restored $dbName to $destination."
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to restore $dbName to $destination. You specified -ReuseSourceFolderStructure. Does the exact same destination directory structure exist?"
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Aborting routine for this database."

                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Failed to restore. ReuseSourceFolderStructure was specified, verify same directory structure exist on destination."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                continue
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to restore $dbName to $destination. Aborting routine for this database."

                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Failed to restore database"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                continue
                            }
                        }
                        if ($NoBackupCleanUp -ne $true) {
                            foreach ($backupFile in ($restoreResultTmp.BackupFile -split ',')) {
                                try {
                                    if (Test-Path $backupFile -ErrorAction Stop) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deleting $backupFile."
                                        Remove-Item $backupFile -ErrorAction Stop
                                    }
                                }
                                catch {
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying alternate SQL method to delete $backupFile."
                                        $sql = "EXEC master.sys.xp_delete_file 0, '$backupFile'"
                                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                        $null = $sourceServer.Query($sql)
                                    }
                                    catch {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cannot delete backup file $backupFile."

                                        # Set NoBackupCleanup so that there's a warning at the end
                                        $NoBackupCleanup = $true
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    $dbFinish = Get-Date
                    if ($NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                        # needed because the newly restored database doesn't show up
                        $destServer.Databases.Refresh()
                        $dbOwner = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Owner
                        if ($null -eq $dbOwner -or $destServer.Logins.Name -notcontains $dbOwner) {
                            $dbOwner = Get-SaLoginName -SqlInstance $destServer
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating database owner to $dbOwner."
                        $OwnerResult = Set-DbaDatabaseOwner -SqlInstance $destServer -Database $dbName -TargetLogin $dbOwner -EnableException
                        if ($OwnerResult.Length -eq 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to update database owner."
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($DetachAttach) {
                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Type = "Database (DetachAttach)"

                    $sourceFileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    foreach ($file in $fileStructure.Databases[$dbName].Source.Values) {
                        $null = $sourceFileStructure.Add($file.Physical)
                    }

                    $dbOwner = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Owner

                    if ($null -eq $dbOwner -or $destServer.Logins.Name -notcontains $dbOwner) {
                        $dbOwner = Get-SaLoginName -SqlInstance $destServer
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Detach $dbName from $source and attach, then update dbowner")) {
                        $migrationResult = Start-SqlDetachAttach $sourceServer $destServer $fileStructure $dbName

                        $dbFinish = Get-Date

                        if ($reattach -eq $true) {
                            $sourceServer.Databases.Refresh()
                            $destServer.Databases.Refresh()
                            $result = Mount-SqlDatabase $sourceServer $dbName $sourceFileStructure $dbOwner

                            if ($result -eq $true) {
                                $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].DatabaseOwnershipChaining = $sourceDbOwnerChaining
                                $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Trustworthy = $sourceDbTrustworthy
                                $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].BrokerEnabled = $sourceDbBrokerEnabled
                                $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Alter()

                                if ($SetSourceReadOnly) {
                                    $null = Update-SqldbReadOnly -SqlInstance $sourceServer -dbname $dbName -readonly $true
                                }
                                else {
                                    $null = Update-SqldbReadOnly -SqlInstance $sourceServer -dbname $dbName -readonly $sourceDbReadOnly
                                }

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully reattached $dbName to $source."
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not reattach $dbName to $source."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Could not reattach database to $source"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            }
                        }

                        if ($migrationResult -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully attached $dbName to $destination."
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to attach $dbName to $destination. Aborting routine for this database."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Failed to attach database to destination"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                $destServer.Databases.Refresh()

                # restore potentially lost settings
                if ($destServer.VersionMajor -ge 9 -and $NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                    if ($sourceDbOwnerChaining -ne $destServer.Databases[$dbName].DatabaseOwnershipChaining) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating DatabaseOwnershipChaining on $dbName")) {
                            try {
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].DatabaseOwnershipChaining = $sourceDbOwnerChaining
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Alter()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated DatabaseOwnershipChaining for $sourceDbOwnerChaining on $dbName on $destination."
                            }
                            catch {
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply DatabaseOwnershipChaining."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update DatabaseOwnershipChaining for $sourceDbOwnerChaining on $dbName on $destination." -Target $destination -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($sourceDbTrustworthy -ne $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Trustworthy) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating Trustworthy on $dbName")) {
                            try {
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Trustworthy = $sourceDbTrustworthy
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Alter()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated Trustworthy to $sourceDbTrustworthy for $dbName on $destination"
                            }
                            catch {
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply Trustworthy"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update Trustworthy to $sourceDbTrustworthy for $dbName on $destination." -Target $destination -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($sourceDbBrokerEnabled -ne $destServer.Databases[$dbName].BrokerEnabled) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating BrokerEnabled on $dbName")) {
                            try {
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].BrokerEnabled = $sourceDbBrokerEnabled
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Alter()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated BrokerEnabled to $sourceDbBrokerEnabled for $dbName on $destination."
                            }
                            catch {
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply BrokerEnabled"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update BrokerEnabled to $sourceDbBrokerEnabled for $dbName on $destination." -Target $destination -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($sourceDbReadOnly -ne $destServer.Databases[$dbName].ReadOnly -and $NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating ReadOnly status on $dbName")) {
                        $update = Update-SqldbReadOnly -SqlInstance $destServer -dbname $dbName -readonly $sourceDbReadOnly
                        if ($update -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated readonly status on $dbName."
                        }
                        else {
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply ReadOnly."
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update ReadOnly status on $dbName." -Target $destination -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($SetSourceOffline -and $sourceServer.databases[$dbName].status -notlike '*offline*') {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Setting $dbName offline on $source")) {
                        Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $dbName
                        Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -database $dbName -Offline
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing elapsed time")) {
                    $dbTotalTime = $dbFinish - $dbStart
                    $dbTotalTime = ($dbTotalTime.ToString().Split(".")[0])

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished: $dbFinish."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Elapsed time: $dbTotalTime."
                }
            } # end db by db processing
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing migration time elapsed")) {
            if ($null -ne $elapsed) {

                $totalTime = ($elapsed.Elapsed.toString().Split(".")[0])

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`nDatabase migration finished"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration started: $started"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration completed: $(Get-Date)"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totalTime"

                if ($NetworkShare.length -gt 0 -and $NoBackupCleanup) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backups still exist at $NetworkShare."
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No work was done, as we stopped during setup phase"
            }
        }
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDatabaseAssembly {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaDatabaseAssembly migrates assemblies from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all assemblies are copied.
 
            If the assembly already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
            This script does not yet copy dependencies or dependent objects.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Assembly
            The assembly(ies) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all assemblies will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAssembly
            The assembly(ies) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, existing assemblies on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Assembly
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            http://dbatools.io/Get-SqlDatabaseAssembly
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaDatabaseAssembly -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all assemblies from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If assemblies with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaDatabaseAssembly -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Assembly dbname.assemblyname, dbname3.anotherassembly -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies two assemblies, the dbname.assemblyname and dbname3.anotherassembly from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an assembly with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
            In this example, anotherassembly will be copied to the dbname3 database on the server sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaThing -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Assembly,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAssembly,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            throw "Assemblies are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and newer. Quitting."
        }
    }
    process {

        $sourceAssemblies = @()
        foreach ($database in ($sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible)) {
            try {
                # a bug here requires a try/catch
                $userAssemblies = $database.Assemblies | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
                foreach ($assembly in $userAssemblies) {
                    $sourceAssemblies += $assembly
                }
            }
            catch { }
        }

        $destAssemblies = @()
        foreach ($database in $destServer.Databases) {
            try {
                # a bug here requires a try/catch
                $userAssemblies = $database.Assemblies | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
                foreach ($assembly in $userAssemblies) {
                    $destAssemblies += $assembly
                }
            }
            catch { }
        }

        foreach ($currentAssembly in $sourceAssemblies) {
            $assemblyName = $currentAssembly.Name
            $dbName = $currentAssembly.Parent.Name
            $destDb = $destServer.Databases[$dbName]

            $copyDbAssemblyStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer        = $sourceServer.Name
                SourceDatabase      = $dbName
                DestinationServer   = $destServer.Name
                DestinationDatabase = $destDb
                type                = "Database Assembly"
                Name                = $assemblyName
                Status              = $null
                Notes               = $null
                DateTime            = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }


            if (!$destDb) {
                $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Notes = "Destination database does not exist"
                $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination database $dbName does not exist. Skipping $assemblyName.";
                continue
            }

            if ($Assembly -and $Assembly -notcontains "$dbName.$assemblyName" -or $ExcludeAssembly -contains "$dbName.$assemblyName") {
                continue
            }

            if ($currentAssembly.AssemblySecurityLevel -eq "External" -and $destDb.Trustworthy -eq $false) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Setting $dbName to External")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $dbName Security Level to External on $destination."
                    $sql = "ALTER DATABASE $dbName SET TRUSTWORTHY ON"
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting security level." -Target $destDb -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($destServer.Databases[$dbName].Assemblies.Name -contains $currentAssembly.name) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Assembly $assemblyName exists at destination in the $dbName database. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping assembly $assemblyName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping assembly $assemblyName."
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "This won't work if there are dependencies."
                            $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Assemblies[$assemblyName].Drop()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying assembly $assemblyName."
                            $sql = $currentAssembly.Script()
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                            $destServer.Query($sql, $dbName)
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping assembly." -Target $assemblyName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating assembly $assemblyName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying assembly $assemblyName from database."
                    $sql = $currentAssembly.Script()
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $destServer.Query($sql, $dbName)

                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                }
                catch {
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating assembly." -Target $assemblyName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDatabaseAssembly
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDatabaseMail {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates Mail Profiles, Accounts, Mail Servers and Mail Server Configs from one SQL Server to another.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all mail configurations for Profiles, Accounts, Mail Servers and Configs are copied.
 
    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
        To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
        $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
        To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
        Specifies the object type to migrate. Valid options are "Job", "Alert" and "Operator". When Type is specified, all categories from the selected type will be migrated.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing objects on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaDatabaseMail
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Copy-DbaDatabaseMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
        Copies all database mail objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If database mail objects with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Copy-DbaDatabaseMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred
 
        Copies all database mail objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Copy-DbaDatabaseMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Copy-DbaDatabaseMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -EnableException
 
        Performs execution of function, and will throw a terminating exception if something breaks
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'SpecificTypes')]
        [ValidateSet('ConfigurationValues', 'Profiles', 'Accounts', 'mailServers')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        function Copy-DbaDatabaseMailConfig {
            [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
            param ()

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating mail server configuration values." -Level Verbose
            $copyMailConfigStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = "Server Configuration"
                Type              = "Mail Configuration"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }
            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating all mail server configuration values.")) {
                try {
                    $sql = $mail.ConfigurationValues.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                    Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                    $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                    $mail.ConfigurationValues.Refresh()
                    $copyMailConfigStatus.Status = "Successful"
                }
                catch {
                    $copyMailConfigStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyMailConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to migrate mail configuration." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                }
            }
            $copyMailConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
        }

        function Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount {
            $sourceAccounts = $sourceServer.Mail.Accounts
            $destAccounts = $destServer.Mail.Accounts

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating accounts." -Level Verbose
            foreach ($account in $sourceAccounts) {
                $accountName = $account.name
                $copyMailAccountStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $accountName
                    Type              = "Mail Account"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($accounts.count -gt 0 -and $accounts -notcontains $accountName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destAccounts.name -contains $accountName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Message "Account $accountName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        continue
                    }

                    If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping account $accountName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping account $accountName." -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.Mail.Accounts[$accountName].Drop()
                            $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping account." -Target $accountName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating account $accountName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying mail account $accountName." -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $account.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                        $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying mail account." -Target $accountName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
                $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }

        function Copy-DbaDatabaseMailProfile {

            $sourceProfiles = $sourceServer.Mail.Profiles
            $destProfiles = $destServer.Mail.Profiles

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating mail profiles." -Level Verbose
            foreach ($profile in $sourceProfiles) {

                $profileName = $profile.name
                $copyMailProfileStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $profileName
                    Type              = "Mail Profile"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($profiles.count -gt 0 -and $profiles -notcontains $profileName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destProfiles.name -contains $profileName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyMailProfileStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Message "Profile $profileName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        continue
                    }

                    If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping profile $profileName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping profile $profileName." -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.Mail.Profiles[$profileName].Drop()
                            $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping profile." -Target $profileName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating mail profile $profileName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying mail profile $profileName." -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $profile.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                        $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                        $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying mail profile." -Target $profileName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
                $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }

        function Copy-DbaDatabaseMailServer {
            $sourceMailServers = $sourceServer.Mail.Accounts.MailServers
            $destMailServers = $destServer.Mail.Accounts.MailServers

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating mail servers." -Level Verbose
            foreach ($mailServer in $sourceMailServers) {
                $mailServerName = $mailServer.name
                $copyMailServerStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $mailServerName
                    Type              = "Mail Server"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if ($mailServers.count -gt 0 -and $mailServers -notcontains $mailServerName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destMailServers.name -contains $mailServerName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyMailServerStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Message "Mail server $mailServerName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        continue
                    }

                    If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping mail server $mailServerName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping mail server $mailServerName." -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.Mail.Accounts.MailServers[$mailServerName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping mail server." -Target $mailServerName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating account mail server $mailServerName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying mail server $mailServerName." -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $mailServer.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                        $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying mail server" -Target $mailServerName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
                $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName


        if ($sourceServer.versionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.versionMajor -lt 9) {
            Write-Message -Message "Database Mail is only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting." -Level Verbose
        }

        $mail = $sourceServer.mail
    }
    process {

        if ($type.count -gt 0) {

            switch ($type) {
                "ConfigurationValues" {
                    Copy-DbaDatabaseMailConfig
                    $destServer.Mail.ConfigurationValues.Refresh()
                }

                "Profiles" {
                    Copy-DbaDatabaseMailProfile
                    $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                }

                "Accounts" {
                    Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount
                    $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
                }

                "mailServers" {
                    Copy-DbaDatabaseMailServer
                }
            }

            return
        }

        if (($profiles.count + $accounts.count + $mailServers.count) -gt 0) {

            if ($profiles.count -gt 0) {
                Copy-DbaDatabaseMailProfile -Profiles $profiles
                $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
            }

            if ($accounts.count -gt 0) {
                Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount -Accounts $accounts
                $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
            }

            if ($mailServers.count -gt 0) {
                Copy-DbaDatabaseMailServer -mailServers $mailServers
            }

            return
        }

        Copy-DbaDatabaseMailConfig
        $destServer.Mail.ConfigurationValues.Refresh()
        Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount
        $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
        Copy-DbaDatabaseMailProfile
        $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
        Copy-DbaDatabaseMailServer
        $copyMailConfigStatus
        $copyMailAccountStatus
        $copyMailProfileStatus
        $copyMailServerStatus
        $enableDBMailStatus

        <# ToDo: Use Get/Set-DbaSpConfigure once the dynamic parameters are replaced. #>

        $sourceDbMailEnabled = ($sourceServer.Configuration.DatabaseMailEnabled).ConfigValue
        Write-Message -Message "$sourceServer DBMail configuration value: $sourceDbMailEnabled." -Level Verbose

        $destDbMailEnabled = ($destServer.Configuration.DatabaseMailEnabled).ConfigValue
        Write-Message -Message "$destServer DBMail configuration value: $destDbMailEnabled." -Level Verbose
        $enableDBMailStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.name
            DestinationServer = $destServer.name
            Name              = "Enabled on Destination"
            Type              = "Mail Configuration"
            Status            = if ($destDbMailEnabled -eq 1) { "Enabled" } else { $null }
            DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
        }

        if (($sourceDbMailEnabled -eq 1) -and ($destDbMailEnabled -eq 0)) {
            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Enabling Database Mail")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Enabling Database Mail on $destServer." -Level Verbose
                    $destServer.Configuration.DatabaseMailEnabled.ConfigValue = 1
                    $destServer.Alter()
                    $enableDBMailStatus.Status = "Successful"
                }
                catch {
                    $enableDBMailStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $enableDBMailStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Cannot enable Database Mail." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                }
            }
            $enableDBMailStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDatabaseMail
    }
}
function Copy-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaEndpoint migrates server endpoints from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all endpoints are copied.
 
            If the endpoint already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Endpoint
            The endpoint(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all endpoints will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeEndpoint
            The endpoint(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, existing endpoints on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Endpoint
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaEndpoint
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all server endpoints from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If endpoints with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source sqlserver2014a -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Destination sqlcluster -Endpoint tg_noDbDrop -Force
 
            Copies only the tg_noDbDrop endpoint from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an endpoint with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Endpoint,
        [object[]]$ExcludeEndpoint,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            throw "Server Endpoints are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Quitting."
        }
    }
    process {

        $serverEndpoints = $sourceServer.Endpoints | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
        $destEndpoints = $destServer.Endpoints

        foreach ($currentEndpoint in $serverEndpoints) {
            $endpointName = $currentEndpoint.Name

            $copyEndpointStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $endpointName
                Type              = "Endpoint"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($Endpoint -and $Endpoint -notcontains $endpointName -or $ExcludeEndpoint -contains $endpointName) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destEndpoints.Name -contains $endpointName) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyEndpointStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server endpoint $endpointName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping server endpoint $endpointName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server endpoint $endpointName."
                            $destServer.Endpoints[$endpointName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping server endpoint." -Target $endpointName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating server endpoint $endpointName.")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server endpoint $endpointName."
                    $destServer.Query($currentEndpoint.Script()) | Out-Null

                    $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating server endpoint." -Target $endpointName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlEndpoint
    }
}
function Copy-DbaExtendedEvent {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates SQL Extended Event Sessions except the two default sessions, AlwaysOn_health and system_health.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Migrates SQL Extended Event Sessions except the two default sessions, AlwaysOn_health and system_health.
 
            By default, all non-system Extended Events are migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER XeSession
            The Extended Event Session(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Extended Event Sessions will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeXeSession
            The Extended Event Session(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, existing Extended Events sessions on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, ExtendedEvent, XEvent
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaExtendedEvent
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaExtendedEvent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all Extended Event sessions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaExtendedEvent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred
 
            Copies all Extended Event sessions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaExtendedEvent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaExtendedEvent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -XeSession CheckQueries, MonitorUserDefinedException
 
            Copies only the Extended Events named CheckQueries and MonitorUserDefinedException from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$XeSession,
        [object[]]$ExcludeXeSession,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
    }
    process {

        $sourceSqlConn = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $sourceSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $sourceSqlConn
        $sourceStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $sourceSqlStoreConnection

        $destSqlConn = $destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $destSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $destSqlConn
        $destStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $destSqlStoreConnection

        $storeSessions = $sourceStore.Sessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin 'AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health' }
        if ($XeSession) {
            $storeSessions = $storeSessions | Where-Object Name -In $XeSession
        }
        if ($ExcludeXeSession) {
            $storeSessions = $storeSessions | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeXeSession
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating sessions."
        foreach ($session in $storeSessions) {
            $sessionName = $session.Name

            $copyXeSessionStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $sessionName
                Type              = "Extended Event"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($null -ne $destStore.Sessions[$sessionName]) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyXeSessionStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Extended Event Session '$sessionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destination."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Attempting to drop $sessionName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Extended Event Session '$sessionName' exists on $destination."
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $sessionName."

                        try {
                            $destStore.Sessions[$sessionName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Unable to drop session. Moving on." -Target $sessionName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating session $sessionName")) {
                try {
                    $sql = $session.ScriptCreate().GetScript() | Out-String

                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating session $sessionName."
                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                    if ($session.IsRunning -eq $true) {
                        $destStore.Sessions.Refresh()
                        $destStore.Sessions[$sessionName].Start()
                    }

                    $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to create session." -Target $sessionName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlExtendedEvent
    }
}
function Copy-DbaLinkedServer {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaLinkedServer migrates Linked Servers from one SQL Server to another. Linked Server logins and passwords are migrated as well.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By using password decryption techniques provided by Antti Rantasaari (NetSPI, 2014), this script migrates SQL Server Linked Servers from one server to another, while maintaining username and password.
 
            Credit: https://blog.netspi.com/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/
            License: BSD 3-Clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server (2005 and above). You must have sysadmin access to both SQL Server and Windows.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server (2005 and above). You must have sysadmin access to both SQL Server and Windows.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER LinkedServer
            The linked server(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all linked servers will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLinkedServer
            The linked server(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER UpgradeSqlClient
            Upgrade any SqlClient Linked Server to the current Version
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            By default, if a Linked Server exists on the source and destination, the Linked Server is not copied over. Specifying -force will drop and recreate the Linked Server on the Destination server.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: WSMan, Migration, LinkedServer
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers, Remote Registry & Remote Administration enabled and accessible on source server.
 
            Limitations: Hasn't been tested thoroughly. Works on Win8.1 and SQL Server 2012 & 2014 so far.
            This just copies the SQL portion. It does not copy files (ie. a local SQLite database, or Microsoft Access DB), nor does it configure ODBC entries.
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaLinkedServer
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Description
            Copies all SQL Server Linked Servers on sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. If Linked Server exists on destination, it will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -LinkedServer SQL2K5,SQL2k -Force
 
            Description
            Copies over two SQL Server Linked Servers (SQL2K and SQL2K2) from sqlserver to sqlcluster. If the credential already exists on the destination, it will be dropped.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$LinkedServer,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLinkedServer,
        [switch]$UpgradeSqlClient,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Source.ComputerName
        function Get-LinkedServerLogins {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Internal function.
 
                This function is heavily based on Antti Rantasaari's script at http://goo.gl/wpqSib
                Antti Rantasaari 2014, NetSPI
                License: BSD 3-Clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
            #>
            param (
                $SqlInstance
            )

            $server = $SqlInstance
            $sourceName = $server.Name

            # Query Service Master Key from the database - remove padding from the key
            # key_id 102 eq service master key, thumbprint 3 means encrypted with machinekey
            $sql = "SELECT substring(crypt_property,9,len(crypt_property)-8) as smk FROM sys.key_encryptions WHERE key_id=102 and (thumbprint=0x03 or thumbprint=0x0300000001)"
            try {
                $smkbytes = $server.Query($sql).smk
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't run query." -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server
            $instance = $server.InstanceName
            $serviceInstanceId = $server.ServiceInstanceId

            # Get entropy from the registry - hopefully finds the right SQL server instance
            try {
                [byte[]]$entropy = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -argumentlist $serviceInstanceId {
                    $serviceInstanceId = $args[0]
                    $entropy = (Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\$serviceInstanceId\Security\").Entropy
                    return $entropy
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't access registry keys on $sourceName. Quitting." -Target $server ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            # Decrypt the service master key
            try {
                $serviceKey = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ArgumentList $smkbytes, $Entropy {
                    Add-Type -assembly System.Security
                    Add-Type -assembly System.Core
                    $smkbytes = $args[0]; $Entropy = $args[1]
                    $serviceKey = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect($smkbytes, $Entropy, 'LocalMachine')
                    return $serviceKey
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't unprotect registry data on $($source.Name)). Quitting." -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            # Choose the encryption algorithm based on the SMK length - 3DES for 2008, AES for 2012
            # Choose IV length based on the algorithm
            if (($serviceKey.Length -ne 16) -and ($serviceKey.Length -ne 32)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ServiceKey found: $serviceKey.Length"
                Stop-Function -Message "Unknown key size. Cannot continue." -Target $source
                return

            }

            if ($serviceKey.Length -eq 16) {
                $decryptor = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider
                $ivlen = 8
            }
            elseif ($serviceKey.Length -eq 32) {
                $decryptor = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.AESCryptoServiceProvider
                $ivlen = 16
            }

            <#
                Query link server password information from the Db.
                Remove header from pwdhash, extract IV (as iv) and ciphertext (as pass)
                Ignore links with blank credentials (integrated auth ?)
            #>
            if ($server.IsClustered -eq $false) {
                $connString = "Server=ADMIN:$sourceNetBios\$instance;Trusted_Connection=True"
            }
            else {
                $dacEnabled = $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue

                if ($dacEnabled -eq $false) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Enabling DAC on clustered instance.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DAC must be enabled for clusters, even when accessed from active node. Enabling."
                        $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue = $true
                        $server.Configuration.Alter()
                    }
                }

                $connString = "Server=ADMIN:$sourceName;Trusted_Connection=True"
            }

            <# NOTE: This query is accessing syslnklgns table. Can only be done via the DAC connection #>
            $sql = "
                SELECT sysservers.srvname,
                    syslnklgns.Name,
                    substring(syslnklgns.pwdhash,5,$ivlen) iv,
                    substring(syslnklgns.pwdhash,$($ivlen + 5),
                    len(syslnklgns.pwdhash)-$($ivlen + 4)) pass
                FROM master.sys.syslnklgns
                    inner join master.sys.sysservers
                    on syslnklgns.srvid=sysservers.srvid
                WHERE len(pwdhash) > 0"

            # Get entropy from the registry
            try {
                $logins = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ArgumentList $connString, $sql {
                    $connString = $args[0]; $sql = $args[1]
                    $conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection($connString)
                    $conn.open()
                    $cmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $conn);
                    $data = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
                    $dt = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable"
                    $dt.Load($data)
                    $conn.Close()
                    $conn.Dispose()
                    return $dt
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't establish local DAC connection." -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($server.IsClustered -and $dacEnabled -eq $false) {
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Disabling DAC on clustered instance.")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting DAC config back to 0."
                    $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue = $false
                    $server.Configuration.Alter()
                }
            }

            $decryptedLogins = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable"
            [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("LinkedServer")
            [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Login")
            [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Password")


            # Go through each row in results
            foreach ($login in $logins) {
                # decrypt the password using the service master key and the extracted IV
                $decryptor.Padding = "None"
                $decrypt = $decryptor.Createdecryptor($serviceKey, $login.iv)
                $stream = New-Object System.IO.MemoryStream ( , $login.pass)
                $crypto = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream $stream, $decrypt, "Write"

                $crypto.Write($login.pass, 0, $login.pass.Length)
                [byte[]]$decrypted = $stream.ToArray()

                # convert decrypted password to unicode
                $encode = New-Object System.Text.UnicodeEncoding

                # Print results - removing the weird padding (8 bytes in the front, some bytes at the end)...
                # Might cause problems but so far seems to work.. may be dependant on SQL server version...
                # If problems arise remove the next three lines..
                $i = 8; foreach ($b in $decrypted) {if ($decrypted[$i] -ne 0 -and $decrypted[$i + 1] -ne 0 -or $i -eq $decrypted.Length) { $i -= 1; break; }; $i += 1; }
                $decrypted = $decrypted[8..$i]

                [void]$decryptedLogins.Rows.Add($($login.srvname), $($login.Name), $($encode.GetString($decrypted)))
            }
            return $decryptedLogins
        }

        function Copy-DbaLinkedServers {
            param (
                [string[]]$LinkedServer,
                [bool]$force
            )

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting Linked Server logins and passwords on $($sourceServer.Name)."
            $sourcelogins = Get-LinkedServerLogins $sourceServer

            $serverlist = $sourceServer.LinkedServers

            if ($LinkedServer) {
                $serverlist = $serverlist | Where-Object Name -In $LinkedServer
            }
            if ($ExcludeLinkedServer) {
                $serverList = $serverlist | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLinkedServer
            }

            foreach ($currentLinkedServer in $serverlist) {
                $provider = $currentLinkedServer.ProviderName
                try {
                    $destServer.LinkedServers.Refresh()
                    $destServer.LinkedServers.LinkedServerLogins.Refresh()
                }
                catch { }

                $linkedServerName = $currentLinkedServer.Name

                $copyLinkedServer = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $linkedServerName
                    Type              = "Linked Server"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $provider
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                # This does a check to warn of missing OleDbProviderSettings but should only be checked on SQL on Windows
                if ($destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings.Name.Length -ne 0) {
                    if (!$destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings.Name -contains $provider -and !$provider.StartsWith("SQLN")) {
                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLinkedServer.Notes = "Already exists"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($destServer.Name) does not support the $provider provider. Skipping $linkedServerName."
                        continue
                    }
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName]) {
                    if (!$force) {
                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$linkedServerName exists $($destServer.Name). Skipping."
                        continue
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping $linkedServerName")) {
                            if ($currentLinkedServer.Name -eq 'repl_distributor') {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "repl_distributor cannot be dropped. Not going to try."
                                continue
                            }

                            $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName].Drop($true)
                            $destServer.LinkedServers.refresh()
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate: $linkedServerName."
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating $linkedServerName")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = $currentLinkedServer.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                        if ($UpgradeSqlClient -and $sql -match "sqlncli") {
                            $newstring = "sqlncli$($destServer.VersionMajor)"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing sqlncli to $newstring"
                            $sql = $sql -replace ("sqlncli[0-9]+", $newstring)
                        }

                        $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $destServer.LinkedServers.Refresh()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$linkedServerName successfully copied."

                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    catch {
                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding linked server $destServer." -Target $linkedServerName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                        $skiplogins = $true
                    }
                }

                if ($skiplogins -ne $true) {
                    $destlogins = $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName].LinkedServerLogins
                    $lslogins = $sourcelogins | Where-Object { $_.LinkedServer -eq $linkedServerName }

                    foreach ($login in $lslogins) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating $($login.Login)")) {
                            $currentlogin = $destlogins | Where-Object { $_.RemoteUser -eq $login.Login }

                            $copyLinkedServer.Type = $login.Login

                            if ($currentlogin.RemoteUser.length -ne 0) {
                                try {
                                    $currentlogin.SetRemotePassword($login.Password)
                                    $currentlogin.Alter()

                                    $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Successful"
                                    $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to copy login." -Target $login -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ($null -ne $SourceSqlCredential.username) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You are using a SQL Credential. Note that this script requires Windows Administrator access on the source server. Attempting with $($SourceSqlCredential.Username)."
        }

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.Name
        $destination = $destServer.Name

        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting." -Target $sourceServer
            return
        }
        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destination. Quitting." -Target $destServer
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting NetBios name for $source."
        $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceserver

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $source."
        try {
            Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" } -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $source." -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        # Magic happens here
        Copy-DbaLinkedServers $LinkedServer -Force:$force
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlLinkedServer
    }
}
function Copy-DbaLogin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates logins from source to destination SQL Servers. Supports SQL Server versions 2000 and newer.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            SQL Server 2000: Migrates logins with SIDs, passwords, server roles and database roles.
 
            SQL Server 2005 & newer: Migrates logins with SIDs, passwords, defaultdb, server roles & securables, database permissions & securables, login attributes (enforce password policy, expiration, etc.)
 
            The login hash algorithm changed in SQL Server 2012, and is not backwards compatible with previous SQL Server versions. This means that while SQL Server 2000 logins can be migrated to SQL Server 2012, logins created in SQL Server 2012 can only be migrated to SQL Server 2012 and above.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            The login(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
            The login(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER SyncOnly
            If this switch is enabled, only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. will be synced. Logins and users will not be added or dropped. If a matching Login does not exist on the destination, the Login will be skipped.
            Credential removal is not currently supported for this parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER SyncSaName
            If this switch is enabled, the name of the sa account will be synced between Source and Destination
 
        .PARAMETER OutFile
            Calls Export-SqlLogin and exports all logins to a T-SQL formatted file. This does not perform a copy, so no destination is required.
 
        .PARAMETER PipeLogin
            Takes the parameters required from a Login object that has been piped into the command
 
        .PARAMETER LoginRenameHashtable
            Pass a hash table into this parameter to be passed into Rename-DbaLogin to update the Login and mappings after the Login is completed.
 
        .PARAMETER KillActiveConnection
            If this switch and -Force are enabled, all active connections and sessions on Destination will be killed.
 
            A login cannot be dropped when it has active connections on the instance.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Login(s) will be dropped and recreated on Destination. Logins that own Agent jobs cannot be dropped at this time.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Login
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaLogin
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Force
 
            Copies all logins from Source Destination. If a SQL Login on Source exists on the Destination, the Login on Destination will be dropped and recreated.
 
            If active connections are found for a login, the copy of that Login will fail as it cannot be dropped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Force -KillActiveConnection
 
            Copies all logins from Source Destination. If a SQL Login on Source exists on the Destination, the Login on Destination will be dropped and recreated.
 
            If any active connections are found they will be killed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Exclude realcajun -SourceSqlCredential $scred -DestinationSqlCredential $dcred
 
            Copies all Logins from Source to Destination except for realcajun using SQL Authentication to connect to both instances.
 
            If a Login already exists on the destination, it will not be migrated.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Login realcajun, netnerds -force
 
            Copies ONLY Logins netnerds and realcajun. If Login realcajun or netnerds exists on Destination, the existing Login(s) will be dropped and recreated.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SyncOnly
 
            Syncs only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. Does not add or drop logins or users.
 
            If a matching Login does not exist on Destination, the Login will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaLogin -LoginRenameHashtable @{ "OldUser" ="newlogin" } -Source $Sql01 -Destination Localhost -SourceSqlCredential $sqlcred
 
            Copies OldUser and then renames it to newlogin.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Destination", Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [switch]$SyncOnly,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Live")]
        [switch]$SyncSaName,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "File", Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$OutFile,
        [object]$PipeLogin,
        [hashtable]$LoginRenameHashtable,
        [switch]$KillActiveConnection,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Copy-Login {
            foreach ($sourceLogin in $sourceServer.Logins) {

                $userName = $sourceLogin.name

                $copyLoginStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Login - $($sourceLogin.LoginType)"
                    Name              = $userName
                    DestinationLogin  = $userName
                    SourceLogin       = $userName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($Login -and $Login -notcontains $userName -or $ExcludeLogin -contains $userName) { continue }

                if ($sourceLogin.id -eq 1) { continue }

                if ($userName.StartsWith("##") -or $userName -eq 'sa') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $userName."
                    continue
                }

                $serverName = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer

                $currentLogin = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.truelogin

                if ($currentLogin -eq $userName -and $force) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName is skipped because it is performing the migration.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cannot drop login performing the migration. Skipping."
                    }

                    $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Current login"
                    $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }

                if (($destServer.LoginMode -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerLoginMode]::Mixed) -and ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Destination does not have Mixed Mode enabled. [$userName] is an SQL Login. Enable mixed mode authentication after the migration completes to use this type of login."
                }

                $userBase = ($userName.Split("\")[0]).ToLower()

                if ($serverName -eq $userBase -or $userName.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                    if ($sourceServer.NetName -ne $destServer.NetName) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName was skipped because it is a local machine name.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName was skipped because it is a local machine name."
                        }

                        $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Local machine name"
                        $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating local login $userName since the source and destination server reside on the same machine.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying local login $userName since the source and destination server reside on the same machine."
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.Logins.Item($userName) -and !$force) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName is skipped because it exists at destination.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName already exists in destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                    }

                    $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.Logins.Item($userName) -and $force) {
                    if ($userName -eq $destServer.ServiceAccount) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName is the destination service account. Skipping drop."

                        $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Destination service account"
                        $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping $userName")) {

                        # Kill connections, delete user
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate $userName"
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force was specified. Attempting to drop $userName on $destination."

                        try {
                            $ownedDbs = $destServer.Databases | Where-Object Owner -eq $userName

                            foreach ($ownedDb in $ownedDbs) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing database owner for $($ownedDb.name) from $userName to sa."
                                $ownedDb.SetOwner('sa')
                                $ownedDb.Alter()
                            }

                            $ownedJobs = $destServer.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object OwnerLoginName -eq $userName

                            foreach ($ownedJob in $ownedJobs) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing job owner for $($ownedJob.name) from $userName to sa."
                                $ownedJob.Set_OwnerLoginName('sa')
                                $ownedJob.Alter()
                            }

                            $activeConnections = $destServer.EnumProcesses() | Where-Object Login -eq $userName

                            if ($activeConnections -and $KillActiveConnection) {
                                if (!$destServer.Logins.Item($userName).IsDisabled) {
                                    $disabled = $true
                                    $destServer.Logins.Item($userName).Disable()
                                }

                                $activeConnections | ForEach-Object { $destServer.KillProcess($_.Spid)}
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "-KillActiveConnection was provided. There are $($activeConnections.Count) active connections killed."
                                # just in case the kill didn't work, it'll leave behind a disabled account
                                if ($disabled) { $destServer.Logins.Item($userName).Enable() }
                            }
                            elseif ($activeConnections) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are $($activeConnections.Count) active connections found for the login $userName. Utilize -KillActiveConnection with -Force to kill the connections."
                            }
                            $destServer.Logins.Item($userName).Drop()

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully dropped $userName on $destination."
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not drop $userName." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Adding SQL login $userName")) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to add $userName to $destination."
                    $destLogin = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login($destServer, $userName)

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $userName SID to source username SID."
                    $destLogin.Set_Sid($sourceLogin.Get_Sid())

                    $defaultDb = $sourceLogin.DefaultDatabase

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting login language to $($sourceLogin.Language)."
                    $destLogin.Language = $sourceLogin.Language

                    if ($null -eq $destServer.databases[$defaultDb]) {
                        # we end up here when the default database on source doesn't exist on dest
                        # if source login is a sysadmin, then set the default database to master
                        # if not, set it to tempdb (see #303)
                        $OrigdefaultDb = $defaultDb
                        try { $sourcesysadmins = $sourceServer.roles['sysadmin'].EnumMemberNames() }
                        catch { $sourcesysadmins = $sourceServer.roles['sysadmin'].EnumServerRoleMembers() }
                        if ($sourcesysadmins -contains $userName) {
                            $defaultDb = "master"
                        }
                        else {
                            $defaultDb = "tempdb"
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$OrigdefaultDb does not exist on destination. Setting defaultdb to $defaultDb."
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Set $userName defaultdb to $defaultDb."
                    $destLogin.DefaultDatabase = $defaultDb

                    $checkexpiration = "ON"; $checkpolicy = "ON"

                    if ($sourceLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced -eq $false) { $checkpolicy = "OFF" }

                    if (!$sourceLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled) { $checkexpiration = "OFF" }

                    $destLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $sourceLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced
                    $destLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $sourceLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled

                    # Attempt to add SQL Login User
                    if ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "SqlLogin") {
                        $destLogin.LoginType = "SqlLogin"
                        $sourceLoginname = $sourceLogin.name

                        switch ($sourceServer.versionMajor) {
                            0 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$sourceLoginname'" }
                            8 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$sourceLoginname'" }
                            9 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins where name='$sourceLoginname'" }
                            default {
                                $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash')
                        AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass FROM sys.server_principals
                        WHERE principal_id = $($sourceLogin.id)"
                            }
                        }

                        try {
                            $hashedPass = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                        }
                        catch {
                            $hashedPassDt = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                            $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0)
                        }

                        if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") {
                            $passString = "0x"; $hashedPass | ForEach-Object { $passString += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                            $hashedPass = $passString
                        }

                        try {
                            $destLogin.Create($hashedPass, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginCreateOptions]::IsHashed)
                            $destLogin.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $userName to $destination."

                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        }
                        catch {
                            try {
                                $sid = "0x"; $sourceLogin.sid | ForEach-Object { $sid += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                                $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$userName] WITH PASSWORD = $hashedPass HASHED, SID = $sid,
                                                DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$defaultDb], CHECK_POLICY = $checkpolicy,
                                                CHECK_EXPIRATION = $checkexpiration, DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$($sourceLogin.Language)]"

                                $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $destLogin = $destServer.logins[$userName]
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $userName to $destination."

                                $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            }
                            catch {
                                $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyLoginStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                                $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $userName to $destination." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue 3>$null
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    # Attempt to add Windows User
                    elseif ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsUser" -or $sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsGroup") {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding as login type $($sourceLogin.LoginType)"
                        $destLogin.LoginType = $sourceLogin.LoginType

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting language as $($sourceLogin.Language)"
                        $destLogin.Language = $sourceLogin.Language

                        try {
                            $destLogin.Create()
                            $destLogin.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $userName to $destination."

                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $userName to $destination" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                    # This script does not currently support certificate mapped or asymmetric key users.
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($sourceLogin.LoginType) logins not supported. $($sourceLogin.name) skipped."

                        $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "$($sourceLogin.LoginType) not supported"
                        $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        continue
                    }

                    if ($sourceLogin.IsDisabled) {
                        try {
                            $destLogin.Disable()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful - but could not disable on destination"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "$userName disabled on source, could not be disabled on $destination." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer  3>$null
                        }
                    }
                    if ($sourceLogin.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                        try {
                            $destLogin.DenyWindowsLogin = $true
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful - but could not deny login on destination"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "$userName denied login on source, could not be denied login on $destination." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating SQL login $userName permissions")) {
                    Update-SqlPermissions -sourceserver $sourceServer -sourcelogin $sourceLogin -destserver $destServer -destlogin $destLogin
                }

                if ($LoginRenameHashtable.Keys -contains $userName) {
                    $NewLogin = $LoginRenameHashtable[$userName]

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Renaming SQL Login $userName to $NewLogin")) {
                        try {
                            Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $destServer -Login $userName -NewLogin $NewLogin

                            $copyLoginStatus.DestinationLogin = $NewLogin
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.DestinationLogin = $NewLogin
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed to rename"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue renaming $userName to $NewLogin" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                }
            } #end for each $sourceLogin
        } #end function Copy-Login

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to SQL Servers."
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -RegularUser -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($Destination) {
            $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -RegularUser -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            $Destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

            $sourceVersionMajor = $sourceServer.VersionMajor
            $destVersionMajor = $destServer.VersionMajor
            if ($sourceVersionMajor -gt 10 -and $destVersionMajor -lt 11) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Login migration from version $sourceVersionMajor to $destVersionMajor is not supported." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sourceServer
            }

            if ($sourceVersionMajor -lt 8 -or $destVersionMajor -lt 8) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 7 and below are not supported." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $sourceServer
            }
        }

        return $serverParms
    }

    process {
        if ($PipeLogin.Length -gt 0) {
            $Source = $PipeLogin[0].Parent.Name
            $Login = $PipeLogin.Name
        }

        if ($SyncOnly) {
            Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Login $Login -ExcludeLogin $ExcludeLogin
            return
        }

        if ($OutFile) {
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $sourceServer -FilePath $OutFile -Login $Login -ExcludeLogin $ExcludeLogin
            return
        }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing migration attempt message")) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting Login Migration."
        }

        Copy-Login -sourceserver $sourceServer -destserver $destServer -Login $Login -Exclude $ExcludeLogin -Force $force

        if ($SyncSaName) {
            $sa = $sourceServer.Logins | Where-Object id -eq 1
            $destSa = $destServer.Logins | Where-Object id -eq 1
            $saName = $sa.Name
            if ($saName -ne $destSa.name) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing sa username to match source ($saName)."
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Changing sa username to match source ($saName)")) {
                    $destSa.Rename($saName)
                    $destSa.Alter()
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlLogin
    }
}
function Copy-DbaQueryStoreConfig {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copies the configuration of a Query Store enabled database and sets the copied configuration on other databases.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Copies the configuration of a Query Store enabled database and sets the copied configuration on other databases.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2016 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceDatabase
            Specifies the database to copy the Query Store configuration from.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2016 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationDatabase
            Specifies a list of databases that will receive a copy of the Query Store configuration of the SourceDatabase.
 
        .PARAMETER Exclude
            Specifies a list of databases which will NOT receive a copy of the Query Store configuration.
 
        .PARAMETER AllDatabases
            If this switch is enabled, the Query Store configuration will be copied to all databases on the destination instance.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Enrico van de Laar ( @evdlaar )
            Tags: QueryStore
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-QueryStoreConfig
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaQueryStoreConfig -Source ServerA\SQL -SourceDatabase AdventureWorks -Destination ServerB\SQL -AllDatabases
 
            Copy the Query Store configuration of the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL instance and apply it on all user databases in the ServerB\SQL Instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaQueryStoreConfig -Source ServerA\SQL -SourceDatabase AdventureWorks -Destination ServerB\SQL -DestinationDatabase WorldWideTraders
 
            Copy the Query Store configuration of the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL instance and apply it to the WorldWideTraders database in the ServerB\SQL Instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object]$SourceDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$DestinationDatabase,
        [object[]]$Exclude,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {

        Write-Message -Message "Connecting to source: $Source." -Level Verbose
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $Source." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
        }
    }

    PROCESS {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        # Grab the Query Store configuration from the SourceDatabase through the Get-DbaQueryStoreConfig function
        $SourceQSConfig = Get-DbaQueryStoreConfig -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $SourceDatabase

        if (!$DestinationDatabase -and !$Exclude -and !$AllDatabases) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify databases to execute against using either -DestinationDatabase, -Exclude or -AllDatabases." -Continue
        }

        foreach ($destinationServer in $Destination) {

            Write-Message -Message "Connecting to destination: $Destination." -Level Verbose
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinationServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $destinationServer." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinationServer -Continue
            }

            # We have to exclude all the system databases since they cannot have the Query Store feature enabled
            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -NoSystemDb

            if ($DestinationDatabase.count -gt 0) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $DestinationDatabase -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($Exclude.count -gt 0) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $exclude -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($dbs.count -eq 0) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No matching databases found. Check the spelling and try again." -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                # skipping the database if the source and destination are the same instance
                if (($sourceServer.Name -eq $destinationServer) -and ($SourceDatabase -eq $db.Name)) {
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Processing destination database: $db on $destinationServer." -Level Verbose
                $copyQueryStoreStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.name
                    SourceDatabase    = $SourceDatabase
                    DestinationServer = $destinationServer
                    Name              = $db.name
                    Type              = "QueryStore Configuration"
                    Status            = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    $copyQueryStoreStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db on server $destinationServer is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue
                }

                Write-Message -Message "Executing Set-DbaQueryStoreConfig." -Level Verbose
                # Set the Query Store configuration through the Set-DbaQueryStoreConfig function
                try {
                    $null = Set-DbaQueryStoreConfig -SqlInstance $destinationServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                        -Database $db.name `
                        -State $SourceQSConfig.ActualState `
                        -FlushInterval $SourceQSConfig.FlushInterval `
                        -CollectionInterval $SourceQSConfig.CollectionInterval `
                        -MaxSize $SourceQSConfig.MaxSize `
                        -CaptureMode $SourceQSConfig.CaptureMode `
                        -CleanupMode $SourceQSConfig.CleanupMode `
                        -StaleQueryThreshold $SourceQSConfig.StaleQueryThreshold
                    $copyQueryStoreStatus.Status = "Successful"
                }
                catch {
                    $copyQueryStoreStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting Query Store on $db." -Target $db -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
                $copyQueryStoreStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }
    }
}
function Copy-DbaResourceGovernor {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates Resource Pools
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all non-system resource pools are migrated. If the pool already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
            The -ResourcePool parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific objects.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER ResourcePool
            Specifies the resource pool(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all resource pools will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeResourcePool
            Specifies the resource pool(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the policies will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, ResourceGovernor
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaResourceGovernor
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all extended event policies from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials to connect to the SQL Server instances..
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred
 
            Copies all extended event policies from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to connect to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to connect to sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ResourcePool,
        [object[]]$ExcludeResourcePool,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Resource Governor is only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Quitting."
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $copyResourceGovSetting = [pscustomobject]@{
            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
            Type              = "Resource Governor Settings"
            Name              = "All Settings"
            Status            = $null
            Notes             = $null
            DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
        }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating Resource Governor settings")) {
            if ($destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Enterprise' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Datacenter' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Developer') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The resource governor is not available in this edition of SQL Server. You can manipulate resource governor metadata but you will not be able to apply resource governor configuration. Only Enterprise edition of SQL Server supports resource governor."
            }
            else {
                try {
                    $sql = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.Script() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating Resource Governor settings."
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyResourceGovSetting.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyResourceGovSetting | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyResourceGovSetting.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyResourceGovSetting.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copyResourceGovSetting | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Not able to update settings." -Target $destServer -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        # Pools
        if ($ResourcePool) {
            $pools = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools | Where-Object Name -In $ResourcePool
        }
        elseif ($ExcludeResourcePool) {
            $pool = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeResourcePool
        }
        else {
            $pools = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin "internal", "default" }
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating pools."
        foreach ($pool in $pools) {
            $poolName = $pool.Name

            $copyResourceGovPool = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Type              = "Resource Governor Pool"
                Name              = $poolName
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($null -ne $destServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools[$poolName]) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Pool '$poolName' was skipped because it already exists on $destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."

                    $copyResourceGovPool.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyResourceGovPool.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyResourceGovPool | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Attempting to drop $poolName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Pool '$poolName' exists on $destination."
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $poolName."

                        try {
                            $destPool = $destServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools[$poolName]
                            $workloadGroups = $destPool.WorkloadGroups
                            foreach ($workloadGroup in $workloadGroups) {
                                $workloadGroup.Drop()
                            }
                            $destPool.Drop()
                            $destServer.ResourceGovernor.Alter()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyResourceGovPool.Status = "Failed to drop from Destination"
                            $copyResourceGovPool.Notes = $_.Exception
                            $copyResourceGovPool | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Unable to drop: $_ Moving on." -Target $destPool -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating pool $poolName")) {
                try {
                    $sql = $pool.Script() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying pool $poolName."
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyResourceGovPool.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyResourceGovPool | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    $workloadGroups = $pool.WorkloadGroups
                    foreach ($workloadGroup in $workloadGroups) {
                        $workgroupName = $workloadGroup.Name

                        $copyResourceGovWorkGroup = [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                            Type              = "Resource Governor Pool Workgroup"
                            Name              = $workgroupName
                            Status            = $null
                            Notes             = $null
                            DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                        }

                        $sql = $workloadGroup.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying $workgroupName."
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyResourceGovWorkGroup.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyResourceGovWorkGroup | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    $copyResourceGovWorkGroup.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyResourceGovWorkGroup.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copyResourceGovWorkGroup | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to migrate pool." -Target $pool -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Reconfiguring")) {
            if ($destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Enterprise' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Datacenter' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Developer') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The resource governor is not available in this edition of SQL Server. You can manipulate resource governor metadata but you will not be able to apply resource governor configuration. Only Enterprise edition of SQL Server supports resource governor."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE"
                $destServer.Query($sql)

                $copyResourceGovReconfig = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Reconfigure Resource Governor"
                    Name              = "Reconfigure Resource Governor"
                    Status            = "Successful"
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                $copyResourceGovReconfig | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlResourceGovernor
    }
}
function Copy-DbaServerAudit {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaServerAudit migrates server audits from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all audits are copied. The -Audit parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific audits.
 
            If the audit already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Audit
            The audit(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all audits will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAudit
            The audit(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the audits will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaServerAudit
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all server audits from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If audits with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Audit tg_noDbDrop -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a single audit, the tg_noDbDrop audit from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an audit with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Audit,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAudit,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Server Audits are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Quitting."
            return
        }

        $serverAudits = $sourceServer.Audits
        $destAudits = $destServer.Audits
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($currentAudit in $serverAudits) {
            $auditName = $currentAudit.Name

            $copyAuditStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $auditName
                Type              = "Server Audit"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($Audit -and $auditName -notin $Audit -or $auditName -in $ExcludeAudit) {
                continue
            }

            $sql = $currentAudit.Script() | Out-String

            if ($destAudits.Name -contains $auditName) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAuditStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server audit $auditName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping server audit $auditName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server audit $auditName."
                            foreach ($spec in $destServer.ServerAuditSpecifications) {
                                if ($auditSpecification.Auditname -eq $auditName) {
                                    $auditSpecification.Drop()
                                }
                            }

                            $destServer.audits[$auditName].Disable()
                            $destServer.audits[$auditName].Alter()
                            $destServer.audits[$auditName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping audit from destination." -Target $auditName -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($null -ne ($currentAudit.Filepath) -AND (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $currentAudit.Filepath) -eq $false) {
                if ($Force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($currentAudit.Filepath) does not exist on $destination. Skipping $auditName. Specify -Force to create the directory."

                    $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAuditStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Creating directory."

                    $destNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $destServer
                    $path = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $currentAudit.Filepath
                    $root = $currentAudit.Filepath.Substring(0, 3)
                    $rootUnc = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $root

                    if ((Test-Path $rootUnc) -eq $true) {
                        try {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating directory $($currentAudit.Filepath)")) {
                                $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory $currentAudit.Filepath -ErrorAction Continue
                            }
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Couldn't create directory $($currentAudit.Filepath). Using default data directory."
                            $datadir = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            $sql = $sql.Replace($currentAudit.FilePath, $datadir)
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $datadir = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                        $sql = $sql.Replace($currentAudit.FilePath, $datadir)
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating server audit $auditName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File path $($currentAudit.Filepath) exists on $Destination."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server audit $auditName."
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyAuditStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating audit." -Target $auditName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAudit
    }
}
function Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification migrates server audit specifications from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all audits are copied. The -AuditSpecification parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific audits.
 
            If the audit specification already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER AuditSpecification
            The Server Audit Specification(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Server Audit Specifications will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAuditSpecification
            The Server Audit Specification(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Audits Specifications will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration,ServerAudit,AuditSpecification
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all server audits from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials to connect. If audits with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ServerAuditSpecification tg_noDbDrop -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a single audit, the tg_noDbDrop audit from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to connect to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to connect to sqlcluster. If an audit specification with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$AuditSpecification,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAuditSpecification,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting."
            return
        }

        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destination. Quitting."
            return
        }

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Server Audit Specifications are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Quitting."
            return
        }

        if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMajor) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Migration from version $($destServer.VersionMajor) to version $($sourceServer.VersionMajor) is not supported."
            return
        }

        $AuditSpecifications = $sourceServer.ServerAuditSpecifications
        $destAudits = $destServer.ServerAuditSpecifications
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($auditSpec in $AuditSpecifications) {
            $auditSpecName = $auditSpec.Name

            $copyAuditSpecStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Type              = "Server Audit Specification"
                Name              = $auditSpecName
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($AuditSpecification -and $auditSpecName -notin $AuditSpecification -or $auditSpecName -in $ExcludeAuditSpecification) {
                continue
            }

            $destServer.Audits.Refresh()

            if ($destServer.Audits.Name -notcontains $auditSpec.AuditName) {
                $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Audit $($auditSpec.AuditName) does not exist on $Destination. Skipping $auditSpecName."
                continue
            }

            if ($destAudits.name -contains $auditSpecName) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server audit $auditSpecName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."

                    $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping server audit $auditSpecName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server audit $auditSpecName"
                            $destServer.ServerAuditSpecifications[$auditSpecName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                            $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping audit spec" -Target $auditSpecName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating server audit $auditSpecName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server audit $auditSpecName"
                    $sql = $auditSpec.Script() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating audit spec on destination" -Target $auditSpecName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAuditSpecification
    }
}
function Copy-DbaServerTrigger {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaServerTrigger migrates server triggers from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all triggers are copied. The -ServerTrigger parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific triggers.
 
            If the trigger already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER ServerTrigger
            The Server Trigger(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Server Triggers will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeServerTrigger
            The Server Trigger(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            Drops and recreates the Trigger if it exists
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaServerTrigger
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all server triggers from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If triggers with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ServerTrigger tg_noDbDrop -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a single trigger, the tg_noDbDrop trigger from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a trigger with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ServerTrigger,
        [object[]]$ExcludeServerTrigger,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Server Triggers are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
            return
        }

        if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMajor) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Migration from version $($destServer.VersionMajor) to version $($sourceServer.VersionMajor) is not supported."
            return
        }

        $serverTriggers = $sourceServer.Triggers
        $destTriggers = $destServer.Triggers

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($trigger in $serverTriggers) {
            $triggerName = $trigger.Name

            $copyTriggerStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $triggerName
                Type              = "Server Trigger"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($ServerTrigger -and $triggerName -notin $ServerTrigger -or $triggerName -in $ExcludeServerTrigger) {
                continue
            }

            if ($destTriggers.Name -contains $triggerName) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server trigger $triggerName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."

                    $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Already exists"
                    $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping server trigger $triggerName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server trigger $triggerName"
                            $destServer.Triggers[$triggerName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyTriggerStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                            $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping trigger on destination" -Target $triggerName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating server trigger $triggerName")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server trigger $triggerName"
                    $sql = $trigger.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace "CREATE TRIGGER", "`nGO`nCREATE TRIGGER"
                    $sql = $sql -replace "ENABLE TRIGGER", "`nGO`nENABLE TRIGGER"
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                    foreach ($query in ($sql -split '\nGO\b')) {
                        $destServer.Query($query) | Out-Null
                    }

                    $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyTriggerStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating trigger on destination" -Target $triggerName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlServerTrigger
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy-DbaSpConfigure migrates configuration values from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all configuration values are copied. The -ConfigName parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific configs.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER ConfigName
            Specifies the configuration setting to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all ConfigNames will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeConfigName
            Specifies the configuration settings to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Configure, SpConfigure
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSpConfigure
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all sp_configure settings from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ConfigName DefaultBackupCompression, IsSqlClrEnabled -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies the values for IsSqlClrEnabled and DefaultBackupCompression from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to authenticate to sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeConfigName DefaultBackupCompression, IsSqlClrEnabled
 
            Copies all configs except for IsSqlClrEnabled and DefaultBackupCompression, from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ConfigName,
        [object[]]$ExcludeConfigName,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
    }
    process {

        $sourceProps = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        $destProps = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $destServer

        foreach ($sourceProp in $sourceProps) {
            $displayName = $sourceProp.DisplayName
            $sConfigName = $sourceProp.ConfigName
            $sConfiguredValue = $sourceProp.ConfiguredValue
            $requiresRestart = $sourceProp.IsDynamic

            $copySpConfigStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $sConfigName
                Type              = "Configuration Value"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($ConfigName -and $sConfigName -notin $ConfigName -or $sConfigName -in $ExcludeConfigName ) {
                continue
            }

            $destProp = $destProps | Where-Object ConfigName -eq $sConfigName
            if (!$destProp) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Configuration $sConfigName ('$displayName') does not exist on the destination instance."

                $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                $copySpConfigStatus.Notes = "Configuration does not exist on destination"
                $copySpConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Updating $sConfigName [$displayName]")) {
                try {
                    $destOldConfigValue = $destProp.ConfiguredValue

                    $result = Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $destServer -ConfigName $sConfigName -Value $sConfiguredValue -EnableException -Mode 'Lazy'
                    if ($result) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updated $($destProp.ConfigName) ($($destProp.DisplayName)) from $destOldConfigValue to $sConfiguredValue."
                    }

                    if ($requiresRestart -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Configuration option $sConfigName ($displayName) requires restart."
                        $copySpConfigStatus.Notes = "Requires restart"
                    }
                    $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copySpConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copySpConfigStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copySpConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not set $($destProp.ConfigName) to $sConfiguredValue." -Target $sConfigName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSpConfigure
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates user SQL Data Collector collection sets. SQL Data Collector configuration is on the agenda, but it's hard.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all data collector objects are migrated. If the object already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
            The -CollectionSet parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific objects.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectionSet
            The collection set(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all collection sets will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeCollectionSet
            The collection set(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER NoServerReconfig
            Upcoming parameter to enable server reconfiguration
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If collection sets exists on destination server, it will be dropped and recreated.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration,DataCollection
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all Data Collector Objects and Configurations from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred
 
            Copies all Data Collector Objects and Configurations from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -CollectionSet 'Server Activity', 'Table Usage Analysis'
 
            Copies two Collection Sets, Server Activity and Table Usage Analysis, from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CollectionSet,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCollectionSet,
        [switch]$NoServerReconfig,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($NoServerReconfig -eq $false) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server reconfiguration not yet supported. Only Collection Set migration will be migrated at this time."
            $NoServerReconfig = $true

            <# for future use when this support is added #>
            $copyServerConfigStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $userName
                Type              = "Data Collection Server Config"
                Status            = "Skipped"
                Notes             = "Not supported at this time"
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }
            $copyServerConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

        }

        $sourceSqlConn = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $sourceSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $sourceSqlConn
        $sourceStore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Collector.CollectorConfigStore $sourceSqlStoreConnection

        $destSqlConn = $destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $destSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $destSqlConn
        $destStore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Collector.CollectorConfigStore $destSqlStoreConnection

        $configDb = $sourceStore.ScriptAlter().GetScript() | Out-String

        $configDb = $configDb -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destReplace'"

        if (!$NoServerReconfig) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Attempting to modify Data Collector configuration")) {
                try {
                    $sql = "Unknown at this time"
                    $destServer.Query($sql)
                    $destStore.Alter()
                }
                catch {
                    $copyServerConfigStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyServerConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue modifying Data Collector configuration" -Target $destServer -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        if ($destStore.Enabled -eq $false) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The Data Collector must be setup initially for Collection Sets to be migrated. Setup the Data Collector and try again."
            return
        }

        $storeCollectionSets = $sourceStore.CollectionSets | Where-Object { $_.IsSystem -eq $false }
        if ($CollectionSet) {
            $storeCollectionSets = $storeCollectionSets | Where-Object Name -In $CollectionSet
        }
        if ($ExcludeCollectionSet) {
            $storeCollectionSets = $storeCollectionSets | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeCollectionSet
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating collection sets"
        foreach ($set in $storeCollectionSets) {
            $collectionName = $set.Name

            $copyCollectionSetStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $collectionName
                Type              = "Collection Set"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($null -ne $destStore.CollectionSets[$collectionName]) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collection Set '$collectionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate"

                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Attempting to drop $collectionName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collection Set '$collectionName' exists on $destination"
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $collectionName."

                        try {
                            $destStore.CollectionSets[$collectionName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Failed to drop on destination"
                            $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                            $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping collection" -Target $collectionName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating collection set $collectionName")) {
                try {
                    $sql = $set.ScriptCreate().GetScript() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating collection set $collectionName"
                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Failed to create collection"
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = $_.Exception

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating collection set" -Target $collectionName -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                try {
                    if ($set.IsRunning) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting collection set $collectionName"
                        $destStore.CollectionSets.Refresh()
                        $destStore.CollectionSets[$collectionName].Start()
                    }

                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Successful started Collection"
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Failed to start collection"
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = $_.Exception
                    $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue starting collection set" -Target $collectionName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDataCollector
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates SQL Policy Based Management Objects, including both policies and conditions.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all policies and conditions are copied. If an object already exist on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
 
            The -Policy and -Condition parameters are auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific objects.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Policy
            The policy(ies) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all policies will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludePolicy
            The policy(ies) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER Condition
            The condition(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all conditions will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeCondition
            The condition(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If policies exists on destination server, it will be dropped and recreated.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all policies and conditions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred
 
            Copies all policies and conditions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Policy 'xp_cmdshell must be disabled'
 
            Copies only one policy, 'xp_cmdshell must be disabled' from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. No conditions are migrated.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Policy,
        [object[]]$ExcludePolicy,
        [object[]]$Condition,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCondition,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $sourceSqlConn = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $sourceSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $sourceSqlConn
        $sourceStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.DMF.PolicyStore $sourceSqlStoreConnection

        $destSqlConn = $destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $destSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $destSqlConn
        $destStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.DMF.PolicyStore $destSqlStoreConnection

        $storePolicies = $sourceStore.Policies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
        $storeConditions = $sourceStore.Conditions | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }

        if ($Policy) {
            $storePolicies = $storePolicies | Where-Object Name -In $Policy
        }
        if ($ExcludePolicy) {
            $storePolicies = $storePolicies | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludePolicy
        }
        if ($Condition) {
            $storeConditions = $storeConditions | Where-Object Name -In $Condition
        }
        if ($ExcludeCondition) {
            $storeConditions = $storeConditions | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeCondition
        }

        if ($Policy -and $Condition) {
            $storeConditions = $null
            $storePolicies = $null
        }

        <#
                        Conditions
        #>

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating conditions"
        foreach ($condition in $storeConditions) {
            $conditionName = $condition.Name

            $copyConditionStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $conditionName
                Type              = "Policy Condition"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($null -ne $destStore.Conditions[$conditionName]) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "condition '$conditionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate"

                    $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyConditionStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Attempting to drop $conditionName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Condition '$conditionName' exists on $destination. Force specified. Dropping $conditionName."

                        try {
                            $dependentPolicies = $destStore.Conditions[$conditionName].EnumDependentPolicies()
                            foreach ($dependent in $dependentPolicies) {
                                $dependent.Drop()
                                $destStore.Conditions.Refresh()
                            }
                            $destStore.Conditions[$conditionName].Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyConditionStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping condition on $destination" -Target $conditionName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating condition $conditionName")) {
                try {
                    $sql = $condition.ScriptCreate().GetScript() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying condition $conditionName"
                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql)
                    $destStore.Conditions.Refresh()

                    $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyConditionStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                    $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating condition on $destination" -Target $conditionName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        <#
                        Policies
        #>

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating policies"
        foreach ($policy in $storePolicies) {
            $policyName = $policy.Name

            $copyPolicyStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = $policyName
                Type              = "Policy"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($null -ne $destStore.Policies[$policyName]) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Policy '$policyName' was skipped because it already exists on $destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate"

                    $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyPolicyStatus.Notes = "Already exists"
                    $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Attempting to drop $policyName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Policy '$policyName' exists on $destination. Force specified. Dropping $policyName."

                        try {
                            $destStore.Policies[$policyName].Drop()
                            $destStore.Policies.refresh()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyPolicyStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                            $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping policy on $destination" -Target $policyName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating policy $policyName")) {
                try {
                    $destStore.Conditions.Refresh()
                    $destStore.Policies.Refresh()
                    $sql = $policy.ScriptCreateWithDependencies().GetScript() | Out-String
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying policy $policyName"
                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
                catch {
                    $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyPolicyStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                    $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    # This is usually because of a duplicate dependent from above. Just skip for now.
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating policy on $destination" -Target $policyName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlPolicyManagement
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copy SQL Server Agent from one server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            A wrapper function that calls the associated Copy command for each of the object types seen in SSMS under SQL Server Agent. This also copies all of the the SQL Agent properties (job history max rows, DBMail profile name, etc.).
 
            You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnDestination
            If this switch is enabled, the jobs will be disabled on Destination after copying.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnSource
            If this switch is enabled, the jobs will be disabled on Source after copying.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, existing objects on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped, then copied.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, SqlServerAgent, SqlAgent
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all job server objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials for authentication. If job objects with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred
 
            Copies all job objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authentication to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to authenticate to sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Switch]$DisableJobsOnDestination,
        [Switch]$DisableJobsOnSource,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $destServer

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        $sourceAgent = $sourceServer.JobServer
    }
    process {

        # All of these support whatif inside of them
        Copy-DbaAgentCategory -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
        Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
        Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force -IncludeDefaults
        Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
        Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
        Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force -DisableOnDestination:$DisableJobsOnDestination -DisableOnSource:$DisableJobsOnSource

        # To do
        <#
            Copy-DbaAgentMasterServer -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            Copy-DbaAgentTargetServer -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            Copy-DbaAgentTargetServerGroup -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
        #>

        <# Here are the properties which must be migrated separately #>
        $copyAgentPropStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
            Name              = "Server level properties"
            Type              = "Agent Properties"
            Status            = $null
            Notes             = $null
            DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
        }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Copying Agent Properties")) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying SQL Agent Properties"
                $sql = $sourceAgent.Script() | Out-String
                $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destination'"
                $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("@errorlog_file="), [Regex]::Escape("--@errorlog_file=")
                $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("@auto_start="), [Regex]::Escape("--@auto_start=")
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                $copyAgentPropStatus.Status = "Successful"
                $copyAgentPropStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
            catch {
                $copyAgentPropStatus.Status = "Failed"
                $copyAgentPropStatus.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                $copyAgentPropStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying agent properties. This happens sometimes, moving on." -Target $destination
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlServerAgent
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Copy-DbaSsisCatalog {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
           Copy-DbaSsisCatalog migrates Folders, SSIS projects, and environments from one SQL Server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, all folders, projects, and environments are copied. The -Project parameter can be specified to copy only one project, if desired.
 
            The parameters get more granular from the Folder level. For example, specifying -Folder will only deploy projects/environments from within that folder.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2012 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the SSIS Catalog will be dropped and recreated on Destination if it already exists.
 
        .PARAMETER Project
            Specifies a source Project name.
 
        .PARAMETER Folder
            Specifies a source folder name.
 
        .PARAMETER Environment
            Specifies an environment to copy.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableSqlClr
            If this switch is enabled and Destination does not have the SQL CLR configuration option enabled, user prompts for enabling it on Destination will be skipped. SQL CLR is required for SSISDB.
 
        .PARAMETER CreateCatalogPassword
            Specifies a secure string to use in creating an SSISDB catalog on Destination. If this is specified, prompts for the password will be skipped.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, SSIS
            Author: Phil Schwartz (philschwartz.me, @pschwartzzz)
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSsisCatalog
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Copies all folders, environments and SSIS Projects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials to authenticate to both instances. If folders with the same name exist on the destination they will be skipped, but projects will be redeployed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Project Archive_Tables -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force
 
            Copies a single Project, the Archive_Tables Project, from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to authenticate to sqlcluster. If a Project with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be deleted and recreated because -Force was used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $SecurePW = Read-Host "Enter password" -AsSecureString
            Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -CreateCatalogPassword $SecurePW
 
            Deploy entire SSIS catalog to an instance without a destination catalog. User prompts for creating the catalog on Destination will be bypassed.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [String]$Project,
        [String]$Folder,
        [String]$Environment,
        [System.Security.SecureString]$CreateCatalogPassword,
        [Switch]$EnableSqlClr,
        [Switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    <# Developer note: The throw calls must stay in this command #>
    begin {
        function Get-RemoteIntegrationService {
            param (
                [Object]$Computer
            )
            $result = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $Computer -Type SSIS
            if ($result) {
                $running = $false
                foreach ($service in $result) {
                    if (!$service.State -eq "Running") {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Service $($service.DisplayName) was found on the destination, but is currently not running."
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Service $($service.DisplayName) was found running on the destination."
                        $running = $true
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                throw "No Integration Services service was found on the destination, please ensure the feature is installed and running."
            }
        }

        function Invoke-ProjectDeployment {
            param (
                [String]$Project,
                [String]$Folder
            )
            $sqlConn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
            $sqlConn.ConnectionString = $sourceConnection.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
            if ($sqlConn.State -eq "Closed") {
                $sqlConn.Open()
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deploying project $Project from folder $Folder."
                $cmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
                $cmd.CommandType = "StoredProcedure"
                $cmd.connection = $sqlConn
                $cmd.CommandText = "SSISDB.Catalog.get_project"
                $cmd.Parameters.Add("@folder_name", $Folder) | out-null;
                $cmd.Parameters.Add("@project_name", $Project) | out-null;
                [byte[]]$results = $cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                if ($null -ne $results) {
                    $destFolder = $destinationFolders | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Folder }
                    $deployedProject = $destFolder.DeployProject($Project, $results)
                    if ($deployedProject.Status -ne "Success") {
                        Stop-Function -Message "An error occurred deploying project $Project." -Target $Project -Continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed deploying $Project from folder $Folder." -Target $Project -Continue
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to deploy project." -Target $Project -ErrorRecord $_
            }
            finally {
                if ($sqlConn.State -eq "Open") {
                    $sqlConn.Close()
                }
            }
        }
        function New-CatalogFolder {
            param (
                [String]$Folder,
                [String]$Description,
                [Switch]$Force
            )
            if ($Force) {
                $remove = $destinationFolders | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Folder }
                $envs = $remove.Environments.Name
                foreach ($e in $envs) {
                    $remove.Environments[$e].Drop()
                }
                $projs = $remove.Projects.Name
                foreach ($p in $projs) {
                    $remove.Projects[$p].Drop()
                }
                $remove.Drop()
                $destinationCatalog.Alter()
                $destinationCatalog.Refresh()
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating folder $Folder."
            $destFolder = New-Object "$ISNamespace.CatalogFolder" ($destinationCatalog, $Folder, $Description)
            $destFolder.Create()
            $destFolder.Alter()
            $destFolder.Refresh()
        }
        function New-FolderEnvironment {
            param (
                [String]$Folder,
                [String]$Environment,
                [Switch]$Force
            )
            $envDestFolder = $destinationFolders | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Folder }
            if ($force) {
                $envDestFolder.Environments[$Environment].Drop()
                $envDestFolder.Alter()
                $envDestFolder.Refresh()
            }
            $srcEnv = ($sourceFolders | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Folder }).Environments[$Environment]
            $targetEnv = New-Object "$ISNamespace.EnvironmentInfo" ($envDestFolder, $srcEnv.Name, $srcEnv.Description)
            foreach ($var in $srcEnv.Variables) {
                if ($var.Value.ToString() -eq "") {
                    $finalValue = ""
                }
                else {
                    $finalValue = $var.Value
                }
                $targetEnv.Variables.Add($var.Name, $var.Type, $finalValue, $var.Sensitive, $var.Description)
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating environment $Environment."
            $targetEnv.Create()
            $targetEnv.Alter()
            $targetEnv.Refresh()
        }
        function New-SSISDBCatalog {
            param (
                [System.Security.SecureString]$Password
            )

            if (!$Password) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SSISDB Catalog requires a password."
                $pass1 = Read-Host "Enter a password" -AsSecureString
                $plainTextPass1 = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($pass1))
                $pass2 = Read-Host "Re-enter password" -AsSecureString
                $plainTextPass2 = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($pass2))
                if ($plainTextPass1 -ne $plainTextPass2) {
                    throw "Validation error, passwords entered do not match."
                }
                $plainTextPass = $plainTextPass1
            }
            else {
                $plainTextPass = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($Password))
            }

            $catalog = New-Object "$ISNamespace.Catalog" ($destinationSSIS, "SSISDB", $plainTextPass)
            $catalog.Create()
            $catalog.Refresh()
        }

        $ISNamespace = "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices"

        $sourceConnection = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destinationConnection = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        if ($sourceConnection.versionMajor -lt 11 -or $destinationConnection.versionMajor -lt 11) {
            Stop-Function -Message "SSISDB catalog is only available on Sql Server 2012 and above, exiting..."
        }

        try {
            Get-RemoteIntegrationService -Computer $Destination
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "An error occurred when checking the destination for Integration Services. Is Integration Services installed?" -Target $Destination -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Source integration services."
            $sourceSSIS = New-Object "$ISNamespace.IntegrationServices" $sourceConnection
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "There was an error connecting to the source integration services." -Target $sourceConnection -ErrorRecord $_
        }
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Destination integration services."
            $destinationSSIS = New-Object "$ISNamespace.IntegrationServices" $destinationConnection
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "There was an error connecting to the destination integration services." -Target $destinationCon -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        $sourceCatalog = $sourceSSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SSISDB" }
        $destinationCatalog = $destinationSSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SSISDB" }

        $sourceFolders = $sourceCatalog.Folders
        $destinationFolders = $destinationCatalog.Folders
    }
    process {

        if (!$sourceCatalog) {
            throw "The source SSISDB catalog does not exist."
        }
        if (!$destinationCatalog) {
            if (!$destinationConnection.Configuration.IsSqlClrEnabled.ConfigValue) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Enabling SQL CLR configuration option.")) {
                    if (!$EnableSqlClr) {
                        $message = "The destination does not have SQL CLR configuration option enabled (required by SSISDB), would you like to enable it?"
                        $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Enable SQL CLR on $Destination."
                        $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Exit."
                        $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                        $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($null, $message, $options, 0)
                        switch ($result) {
                            0 {
                                continue
                            }
                            1 {
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Enabling SQL CLR configuration option at the destination."
                    if ($destinationConnection.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue -eq $false) {
                        $destinationConnection.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                        $changeback = $true
                    }

                    $destinationConnection.Configuration.IsSqlClrEnabled.ConfigValue = $true

                    if ($changeback -eq $true) {
                        $destinationConnection.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                    }
                    $destinationConnection.Configuration.Alter()
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL CLR configuration option is already enabled at the destination."
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Create destination SSISDB Catalog")) {
                if (!$CreateCatalogPassword) {
                    $message = "The destination SSISDB catalog does not exist, would you like to create one?"
                    $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Create an SSISDB catalog on $Destination."
                    $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Exit."
                    $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                    $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($null, $message, $options, 0)
                    switch ($result) {
                        0 {
                            New-SSISDBCatalog
                        }
                        1 {
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    New-SSISDBCatalog -Password $CreateCatalogPassword
                }

                $destinationSSIS.Refresh()
                $destinationCatalog = $destinationSSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SSISDB" }
                $destinationFolders = $destinationCatalog.Folders
            }
            else {
                throw "The destination SSISDB catalog does not exist."
            }
        }
        if ($folder) {
            if ($sourceFolders.Name -contains $folder) {
                $srcFolder = $sourceFolders | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $folder }
                if ($destinationFolders.Name -contains $folder) {
                    if (!$force) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog folder $folder exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Dropping folder $folder and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description -Force
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping folder" -Target $folder -ErrorRecord $_
                            }

                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Creating folder $folder")) {
                        try {
                            New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating folder" -Target $folder -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                throw "The source folder provided does not exist in the source Integration Services catalog."
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($srcFolder in $sourceFolders) {
                if ($destinationFolders.Name -notcontains $srcFolder.Name) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Creating folder $($srcFolder.Name)")) {
                        try {
                            New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating folder" -Target $srcFolder -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if (!$force) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog folder $($srcFolder.Name) exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        continue
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Dropping folder $($srcFolder.Name) and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description -Force
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping folder" -Target $srcFolder -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Refresh folders for project and environment deployment
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Refresh folders for project deployment")) {
            try {
                $destinationFolders.Alter()
            }
            catch {
                # Sometimes it says Alter() doesn't exist
            }
            $destinationFolders.Refresh()
        }

        if ($folder) {
            $sourceFolders = $sourceFolders | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $folder }
            if (!$sourceFolders) {
                throw "The source folder $folder does not exist in the source Integration Services catalog."
            }
        }
        if ($project) {
            $folderDeploy = $sourceFolders | Where-Object { $_.Projects.Name -eq $project }
            if (!$folderDeploy) {
                throw "The project $project cannot be found in the source Integration Services catalog."
            }
            else {
                foreach ($f in $folderDeploy) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Deploying project $project from folder $($f.Name)")) {
                        try {
                            Invoke-ProjectDeployment -Folder $f.Name -Project $project
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying project" -Target $project -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($curFolder in $sourceFolders) {
                foreach ($proj in $curFolder.Projects) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Deploying project $($proj.Name) from folder $($curFolder.Name)")) {
                        try {
                            Invoke-ProjectDeployment -Project $proj.Name -Folder $curFolder.Name
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying project" -Target $proj -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if ($environment) {
            $folderDeploy = $sourceFolders | Where-Object { $_.Environments.Name -eq $environment }
            if (!$folderDeploy) {
                throw "The environment $environment cannot be found in the source Integration Services catalog."
            }
            else {
                foreach ($f in $folderDeploy) {
                    if ($destinationFolders[$f.Name].Environments.Name -notcontains $environment) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Deploying environment $environment from folder $($f.Name)")) {
                            try {
                                New-FolderEnvironment -Folder $f.Name -Environment $environment
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying environment" -Target $environment -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if (!$force) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog environment $environment exists in folder $($f.Name) at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        }
                        else {
                            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Dropping existing environment $environment and deploying environment $environment from folder $($f.Name)")) {
                                try {
                                    New-FolderEnvironment -Folder $f.Name -Environment $environment -Force
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping existing environment" -Target $environment -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($curFolder in $sourceFolders) {
                foreach ($env in $curFolder.Environments) {
                    if ($destinationFolders[$curFolder.Name].Environments.Name -notcontains $env.Name) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Deploying environment $($env.Name) from folder $($curFolder.Name)")) {
                            try {
                                New-FolderEnvironment -Environment $env.Name -Folder $curFolder.Name
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying environment" -Target $env -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if (!$force) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog environment $($env.Name) exists in folder $($curFolder.Name) at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                            continue
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Destination, "Deploying environment $($env.Name) from folder $($curFolder.Name)")) {
                                try {
                                    New-FolderEnvironment -Environment $env.Name -Folder $curFolder.Name -Force
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying environment" -Target $env -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSsisCatalog
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Imports all user objects found in source SQL Server's master, msdb and model databases to the destination.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Imports all user objects found in source SQL Server's master, msdb and model databases to the destination. This is useful because many DBAs store backup/maintenance procs/tables/triggers/etc (among other things) in master or msdb.
 
            It is also useful for migrating objects within the model database.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, SystemDatabase, UserObject
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject $sourceServer $destserver
 
            Copies user objects from source to destination
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName

        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting."
            return
        }
        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destination. Quitting."
            return
        }

        $systemDbs = "master", "model", "msdb"

        foreach ($systemDb in $systemDbs) {
            $sysdb = $sourceServer.databases[$systemDb]
            $transfer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer $sysdb
            $transfer.CopyAllObjects = $false
            $transfer.CopyAllDatabaseTriggers = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllDefaults = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllRoles = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllRules = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllSchemas = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllSequences = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllSqlAssemblies = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllSynonyms = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllTables = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllViews = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllStoredProcedures = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedAggregates = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedDataTypes = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedTableTypes = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedTypes = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedFunctions = $true
            $transfer.CopyAllUsers = $true
            $transfer.PreserveDbo = $true
            $transfer.Options.AllowSystemObjects = $false
            $transfer.Options.ContinueScriptingOnError = $true
            $transfer.Options.IncludeDatabaseRoleMemberships = $true
            $transfer.Options.Indexes = $true
            $transfer.Options.Permissions = $true
            $transfer.Options.WithDependencies = $false

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Copying from $systemDb."
            try {
                $sqlQueries = $transfer.ScriptTransfer()

                foreach ($sql in $sqlQueries) {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, $sql)) {
                        try {
                            $destServer.Query($sql, $systemDb)
                        }
                        catch {
                            # Don't care - long story having to do with duplicate stuff
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                # Don't care - long story having to do with duplicate stuff
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSysDbUserObjects
    }
}
function Copy-DbaTableData {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copies data between SQL Server tables.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Copies data between SQL Server tables using SQL Bulk Copy.
            The same can be achieved also doing
                $sourcetable = Invoke-SqlCmd2 -ServerInstance instance1 ... -As DataTable
                Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance ... -InputObject $sourcetable
            but it will force buffering the contents on the table in memory (high RAM usage for large tables).
            With this function, a streaming copy will be done in the most speedy and least resource-intensive way.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database to copy the table from.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationDatabase
            The database to copy the table to. If not specified, it is assumed to be the same of Database
 
        .PARAMETER Table
            Define a specific table you would like to use as source. You can specify up to three-part name like db.sch.tbl.
            If the object has special characters please wrap them in square brackets [ ].
            This dbo.First.Table will try to find table named 'Table' on schema 'First' and database 'dbo'.
            The correct way to find table named 'First.Table' on schema 'dbo' is passing dbo.[First.Table]
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationTable
            The table you want to use as destination. If not specified, it is assumed to be the same of Table
 
        .PARAMETER Query
            If you want to copy only a portion, specify the query (but please, select all the columns, or nasty things will happen)
 
        .PARAMETER BatchSize
            The BatchSize for the import defaults to 5000.
 
        .PARAMETER NotifyAfter
            Sets the option to show the notification after so many rows of import
 
        .PARAMETER NoTableLock
            If this switch is enabled, a table lock (TABLOCK) will not be placed on the destination table. By default, this operation will lock the destination table while running.
 
        .PARAMETER CheckConstraints
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to process check constraints will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked."
 
        .PARAMETER FireTriggers
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to fire insert triggers will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the Database."
 
        .PARAMETER KeepIdentity
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve source identity values will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination."
 
        .PARAMETER KeepNulls
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve NULL values will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable."
 
        .PARAMETER Truncate
            If this switch is enabled, the destination table will be truncated after prompting for confirmation.
 
        .PARAMETER BulkCopyTimeOut
            Value in seconds for the BulkCopy operations timeout. The default is 30 seconds.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
            Author: niphlod (Simone Bizzotto)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaTableData
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -Table test_table
 
            Copies all the data from sql1 to sql2, using the database dbatools_from.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -DestinationDatabase dbatools_dest -Table test_table
 
            Copies all the data from sql1 to sql2, using the database dbatools_from as source and dbatools_dest as destination
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance sql1 -Database tempdb -Table tb1, tb2 | Copy-DbaTableData -DestinationTable tb3
 
            Copies all data from tables tb1 and tb2 in tempdb on sql1 to tb3 in tempdb onsql1
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance sql1 -Database tempdb -Table tb1, tb2 | Copy-DbaTableData -Destination sql2
 
            Copies data from tbl1 in tempdb on sql1 to tbl1 in tempdb on sql2
            then
            Copies data from tbl2 in tempdb on sql1 to tbl2 in tempdb on sql2
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -Table test_table
 
            Copies all the data from sql1 to sql2, using the database dbatools_from.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -Table test_table -KeepIdentity -Truncate
 
            Copies all the data from sql1 to sql2, using the database dbatools_from, keeping identity columns and truncating the destination
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -Table test_table -KeepIdentity -Truncate
 
            Copies all the data from sql1 to sql2, using the database dbatools_from, keeping identity columns and truncating the destination
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "Source")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$DestinationDatabase,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$Table,
        [string]$Query,
        [int]$BatchSize = 50000,
        [int]$NotifyAfter = 5000,
        [string]$DestinationTable,
        [switch]$NoTableLock,
        [switch]$CheckConstraints,
        [switch]$FireTriggers,
        [switch]$KeepIdentity,
        [switch]$KeepNulls,
        [switch]$Truncate,
        [int]$bulkCopyTimeOut = 5000,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension.
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete

        $sourcecode = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient {
            using Reflection;
 
            public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension
            {
                const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied";
                static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null;
 
                public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy)
                {
                    if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance);
                    return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy);
                }
            }
        }'

        Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies System.Data.dll -TypeDefinition $sourcecode -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        $bulkCopyOptions = 0
        $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default"

        foreach ($option in $options) {
            $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($option -eq "TableLock" -and (!$NoTableLock)) {
                $optionValue = $true
            }
            if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                $bulkCopyOptions += $([Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyOptions]::$option).value__
            }
        }
    }

    process {

        if ($SqlInstance) {

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when passing a SqlInstance" -Target $Table
                return
            }

            $tablecollection = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Table[]]$tablecollection

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }

            if ($Database -notin $server.Databases.Name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database $Database doesn't exist on $server"
                return
            }

            try {
                $tablecollection += Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance $server -Table $Table -Database $Database -EnableException -Verbose:$false
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to determine source table : $Table"
                return
            }
        }

        if (-not $tablecollection) {
            $tablecollection = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Table[]]$Table
        }

        foreach ($sqltable in $tablecollection) {

            $Database = $sqltable.Parent.Name
            $server = $sqltable.Parent.Parent

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName DestinationDatabase)) {
                $DestinationDatabase = $Database
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName DestinationTable)) {
                $DestinationTable = $sqltable.Name
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Destination)) {
                $destServer = $server
            }
            else {
                try {
                    $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination
                    return
                }
            }

            if ($DestinationDatabase -notin $destServer.Databases.Name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database $DestinationDatabase doesn't exist on $destServer"
                return
            }

            try {
                $desttable = Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance $destServer -Table $DestinationTable -Database $DestinationDatabase -EnableException -Verbose:$false | Select-Object -First 1
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to determine destination table: $DestinationTable"
                return
            }

            if (-not $desttable) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$DestinationTable does not exist on destination"
                return
            }

            $connstring = $destServer.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString

            $fqtnfrom = "$($server.Databases[$Database]).$sqltable"
            $fqtndest = "$($destServer.Databases[$DestinationDatabase]).$desttable"

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Query -Not) {
                $Query = "SELECT * FROM $fqtnfrom"
            }

            if ($Truncate -eq $true) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Truncating table $fqtndest")) {
                    $null = $destServer.Databases[$DestinationDatabase].ExecuteNonQuery("TRUNCATE TABLE $fqtndest")
                }
            }
            $cmd = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.CreateCommand()
            $cmd.CommandText = $Query
            $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.Open()
            $bulkCopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy("$connstring;Database=$DestinationDatabase", $bulkCopyOptions)
            $bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = $fqtndest
            $bulkCopy.EnableStreaming = $true
            $bulkCopy.BatchSize = $BatchSize
            $bulkCopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter
            $bulkCopy.BulkCopyTimeOut = $BulkCopyTimeOut

            $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
            # Add RowCount output
            $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowsCopied( {
                    $RowsPerSec = [math]::Round($args[1].RowsCopied / $elapsed.ElapsedMilliseconds * 1000.0, 1)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting rows" -Status ([System.String]::Format("{0} rows ({1} rows/sec)", $args[1].RowsCopied, $RowsPerSec))
                })

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Writing rows to $fqtndest")) {
                $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($cmd.ExecuteReader())
                $RowsTotal = [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyExtension]::RowsCopiedCount($bulkCopy)
                $TotalTime = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 1)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$RowsTotal rows inserted in $TotalTime sec"
                if ($rowCount -is [int]) {
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting rows" -status "Complete" -Completed
                }
            }

            $bulkCopy.Close()
            $bulkCopy.Dispose()

            [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceInstance      = $server.Name
                SourceDatabase      = $Database
                SourceTable         = $sqltable.Name
                DestinationInstance = $destServer.name
                DestinationDatabase = $DestinationDatabase
                DestinationTable    = $desttable.Name
                RowsCopied          = $rowstotal
                Elapsed             = [prettytimespan]$elapsed.Elapsed
            }
        }
    }
}
function Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copies non-Microsoft templates from the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\) to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Copies non-Microsoft templates from the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\) to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.
 
            Useful for when you want to use the SSMS GUI.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to the template directory. Defaults to the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Path to the Destination directory, defaults to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
            Copies non-Microsoft templates from the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\) to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path C:\temp\xetemplates
 
            Copies your templates from C:\temp\xetemplates to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Path = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates",
        [string]$Destination = "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates",
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Destination)) {
            try {
                $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $Destination -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination
            }
        }
        try {
            $files = (Get-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path $Path | Where-Object Source -ne Microsoft).Path
            foreach ($file in $files) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Copying $($file.Name) to $Destination."
                Copy-Item -Path $file -Destination $Destination -ErrorAction Stop
            }
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $path
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Disable-DbaAgHadr {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Disables the Hadr service setting on the specified SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            In order to build an AG a cluster has to be built and then the Hadr enabled for the SQL Server
            service. This function disables that feature for the SQL Server service.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the Windows server itself as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            Will restart SQL Server and SQL Server Agent service to apply the change.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton | http://blog.wsmelton.info)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Disable-DbaAgHadr
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Disable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016 -Force
 
            Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance sql2016, and restart the service to apply the change.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Disable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2012\dev1 -Force
 
            Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance dev1 on sq2012, and restart the service to apply the change.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        $Enabled = 0
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $computer = $instance.ComputerName
            $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName

            $noChange = $false

            switch ($instance.InstanceName) {
                'MSSQLSERVER' { $agentName = 'SQLSERVERAGENT' }
                default { $agentName = "SQLAgent`$$instanceName" }
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking current Hadr setting for $computer"
                $computerFullName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -EnableException).FullComputerName
                $currentState = Get-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance $instance
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure to pull current state of Hadr setting on $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $isHadrEnabled = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
            Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "$instance Hadr current value: $isHadrEnabled"

            if ($isHadrEnabled -eq $false -and $Enabled -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Hadr is already disabled for instance: $($instance.FullName)"
                $noChange = $true
                continue
            }

            $sqlwmi = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.WMI.ManagedComputer') $computerFullName
            $sqlService = $sqlwmi.Services[$instanceName]

            if ($noChange -eq $false) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing Hadr from $isHadrEnabled to $Enabled for $instance")) {
                    $sqlService.ChangeHadrServiceSetting($Enabled)
                }
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Force provided, restarting Engine and Agent service for $instance on $computerFullName")) {
                        try {
                            Stop-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                            Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue restarting $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                $newState = Get-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $computerFullName
                    InstanceName = $instanceName
                    SqlInstance  = $instance.FullSmoName
                    HadrPrevious = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
                    HadrCurrent  = $newState.IsHadrEnabled
                }
            }
        } # foreach instance
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Disables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Disables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance. Note that this requires access to the Windows Server, not the SQL instance itself.
 
            This setting is found in Configuration Manager.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to the computer (not SQL Server instance) using alternative Windows credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption
 
            Disables Force Encryption on the default (MSSQLSERVER) instance on localhost - requires (and checks for) RunAs admin.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2
 
            Disables Force Network Encryption for the SQL2008R2SP2 on sql01. Uses Windows Credentials to both login and modify the registry.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2 -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Certificate
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance." -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname."
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance." -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $($instance.ComputerName)."
            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance." -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            try {
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            }
            catch {
                # Probably because the instance name has been aliased or does not exist or samthin
            }
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance." -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                $oldvalue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption -Value $false
                $forceencryption = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $args[2]
                    SqlInstance           = $args[1]
                    ForceEncryption       = ($forceencryption -eq $true)
                    CertificateThumbprint = $cert
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instance to modify the ForceEncryption value in $regroot for $($instance.InstanceName)")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $vsname, $instancename -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Critical -Message "Force encryption was successfully set on $($resolved.fqdn) for the $instancename instance. You must now restart the SQL Server for changes to take effect." -Target $instance
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Disable-DbaTraceFlag {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Disable a Global Trace Flag that is currently running
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        The function will disable a Trace Flag that is currently running globally on the SQL Server instance(s) listed
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER TraceFlag
        Trace flag number to enable globally
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: TraceFlag
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Disable-DbaTraceFlag
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Disable-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance sql2016 -TraceFlag 3226
        Disable the globally running trace flag 3226 on SQL Server instance sql2016
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int[]]$TraceFlag,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $current = Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance $server -EnableException

            foreach ($tf in $TraceFlag) {
                $TraceFlagInfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TraceFlag    = $tf
                    Status       = $null
                    Notes        = $null
                    DateTime     = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if ($tf -notin $current.TraceFlag) {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = 'Skipped'
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = "Trace Flag is not running."
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Trace Flag $tf is not currently running on $instance"
                    continue
                }

                try {
                    $query = "DBCC TRACEOFF ($tf, -1)"
                    $server.Query($query)
                }
                catch {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Failed"
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
                $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Successful"
                $TraceFlagInfo
            }
        }
    }
}
function Dismount-DbaDatabase {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Detach a SQL Server Database.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command detaches one or more SQL Server databases. If necessary, -Force can be used to break mirrors and remove databases from availability groups prior to detaching.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to detach.
 
        .PARAMETER FileStructure
            A StringCollection object value that contains a list database files. If FileStructure is not specified, BackupHistory will be used to guess the structure.
 
        .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
            A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase), to be detached.
 
        .PARAMETER UpdateStatistics
            If this switch is enabled, statistics for the database will be updated prior to detaching it.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled and the database is part of a mirror, the mirror will be broken. If the database is part of an Availability Group, it will be removed from the AG.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Dismount-DbaDatabase
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Detach-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016b -Database SharePoint_Config, WSS_Logging
 
            Detaches SharePoint_Config and WSS_Logging from sql2016b
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016b -Database 'PerformancePoint Service Application_10032db0fa0041df8f913f558a5dc0d4' | Detach-DbaDatabase -Force
 
            Detaches 'PerformancePoint Service Application_10032db0fa0041df8f913f558a5dc0d4' from sql2016b. Since Force was specified, if the database is part of mirror, the mirror will be broken prior to detaching.
 
            If the database is part of an Availability Group, it will first be dropped prior to detachment.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016b -Database WSS_Logging | Detach-DbaDatabase -Force -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were to execute (without actually executing the detach/break/remove commands).
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'SqlInstance')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'SqlInstance')]
        [string]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Pipeline', ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [Switch]$UpdateStatistics,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection += $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCollection += $server.Databases
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
        }

        foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
            $db.Refresh()
            $server = $db.Parent

            if ($db.IsSystemObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db is a system database and cannot be detached using this method." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking replication status."
            if ($db.ReplicationOptions -ne "None") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Skipping $db on $server because it is replicated." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            # repeat because different servers could be piped in
            $snapshots = (Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance $server).SnapshotOf
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for snaps"
            if ($db.Name -in $snapshots) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db has snapshots, you need to drop them before detaching. Skipping $db on $server."
                Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking mirror status"
            if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -and !$Force) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server is being mirrored. Use -Force to break mirror or use the safer backup/restore method." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking Availability Group status"

            if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName -and !$Force) {
                $ag = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server is part of an Availability Group ($ag). Use -Force to drop from $ag availability group to detach. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            $sessions = Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $db.Name

            if ($sessions -and !$Force) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server currently has connected users and cannot be dropped. Use -Force to kill all connections and detach the database." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            if ($force) {

                if ($sessions) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Killing $($sessions.count) sessions which are connected to $db")) {
                        $null = $sessions | Stop-DbaProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                }

                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Breaking mirror for $db on $server")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Breaking mirror for $db on $server."
                            $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                            $db.Alter()
                            $db.Refresh()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not break mirror for $db on $server - not detaching." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName) {
                    $ag = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Attempting remove $db on $server from Availability Group $ag")) {
                        try {
                            $server.AvailabilityGroups[$ag].AvailabilityDatabases[$db.name].Drop()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed $db from detach from $ag on $server."
                        }
                        catch {
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException) {
                                $exception = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString() -Split "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: "
                                $exception = " | $(($exception[1] -Split "at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ConnectionManager")[0])".TrimEnd()
                            }

                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $db from $ag on $server $exception." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                $sessions = Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $db.Name

                if ($sessions) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Killing $($sessions.count) sessions which are still connected to $db")) {
                        $null = $sessions | Stop-DbaProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                }
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Detaching $db on $server")) {
                try {
                    $server.DetachDatabase($db.Name, $UpdateStatistics)

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.name
                        DetachResult = "Success"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Enable-DbaAgHadr {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Enables the Hadr service setting on the specified SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            In order to build an AG a cluster has to be built and then the Hadr enabled for the SQL Server
            service. This function enables that feature for the SQL Server service.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the Windows server itself as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            Will restart SQL Server and SQL Server Agent service to apply the change.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton | http://blog.wsmelton.info)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Enable-DbaAgHadr
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Enable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016 -Force
 
            Sets Hadr service to enabled for the instance sql2016, and restart the service to apply the change.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Enable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2012\dev1 -Force
 
            Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance dev1 on sq2012, and restart the service to apply the change.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        $Enabled = 1
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $computer = $instance.ComputerName
            $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName

            $noChange = $false

            switch ($instance.InstanceName) {
                'MSSQLSERVER' { $agentName = 'SQLSERVERAGENT' }
                default { $agentName = "SQLAgent`$$instanceName" }
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking current Hadr setting for $computer"
                $computerFullName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -EnableException).FullComputerName
                $currentState = Get-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure to pull current state of Hadr setting on $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $isHadrEnabled = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
            Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "$instance Hadr current value: $isHadrEnabled"

            if ($isHadrEnabled -eq $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Hadr is already enabled for instance: $($instance.FullName)"
                $noChange = $true
                continue
            }

            $sqlwmi = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.WMI.ManagedComputer') $computerFullName
            $sqlService = $sqlwmi.Services[$instanceName]

            if ($noChange -eq $false) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing Hadr from $isHadrEnabled to $Enabled for $instance")) {
                    $sqlService.ChangeHadrServiceSetting($Enabled)
                }
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Force provided, restarting Engine and Agent service for $instance on $computerFullName")) {
                        try {
                            Stop-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                            Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue restarting $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                $newState = Get-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $computerFullName
                    InstanceName = $instanceName
                    SqlInstance  = $instance.FullSmoName
                    HadrPrevious = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
                    HadrCurrent  = $newState.IsHadrEnabled
                }
            }
        } # foreach instance
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Enables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Enables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance. Note that this requires access to the Windows Server, not the SQL instance itself.
 
            This setting is found in Configuration Manager.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to the computer (not SQL Server instance) using alternative Windows credentials
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption
 
            Enables Force Encryption on the default (MSSQLSERVER) instance on localhost. Requires (and checks for) RunAs admin.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2
 
            Enables Force Network Encryption for the SQL2008R2SP2 on sql01. Uses Windows Credentials to both connect and modify the registry.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2 -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Certificate
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low", DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance." -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname."
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance." -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $($instance.ComputerName)."
            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            try {
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            }
            catch {
                # Probably because the instance name has been aliased or does not exist or samthin
            }
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance." -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                $oldvalue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption -Value $true
                $forceencryption = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $args[2]
                    SqlInstance           = $args[1]
                    ForceEncryption       = ($forceencryption -eq $true)
                    CertificateThumbprint = $cert
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instance to modify the ForceEncryption value in $regroot for $($instance.InstanceName)")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $vsname, $instancename -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop | Select-Object -Property * -ExcludeProperty PSComputerName, RunspaceId, PSShowComputerName
                    Write-Message -Level Critical -Message "Force encryption was successfully set on $($resolved.fqdn) for the $instancename instance. You must now restart the SQL Server for changes to take effect." -Target $instance
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Enable-DbaTraceFlag {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Enable Global Trace Flag(s)
    .DESCRIPTION
        The function will set one or multiple trace flags on the SQL Server instance(s) listed
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
        $scred = Get-Credential, this pass this $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
        To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER TraceFlag
        Trace flag number(s) to enable globally
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: TraceFlag
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Enable-DbaTraceFlag
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Enable-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance sql2016 -TraceFlag 3226
        Enable the trace flag 3226 on SQL Server instance sql2016
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Enable-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance sql2016 -TraceFlag 1117, 1118
        Enable multiple trace flags on SQL Server instance sql2016
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int[]]$TraceFlag,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $CurrentRunningTraceFlags = Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance $server -EnableException

            # We could combine all trace flags but the granularity is worth it
            foreach ($tf in $TraceFlag) {
                $TraceFlagInfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TraceFlag    = $tf
                    Status       = $null
                    Notes        = $null
                    DateTime     = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                If ($CurrentRunningTraceFlags.TraceFlag -contains $tf) {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = 'Skipped'
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = "The Trace flag is already running."
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The Trace flag [$tf] is already running globally."
                    continue
                }

                try {
                    $query = "DBCC TRACEON ($tf, -1)"
                    $server.Query($query)
                    $server.Refresh()
                }
                catch {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Failed"
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
                $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Successful"
                $TraceFlagInfo
            }
        }
    }
}
function Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This command will help you to automatically grow your transaction log file in a responsible way (preventing the generation of too many VLFs).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            As you may already know, having a transaction log file with too many Virtual Log Files (VLFs) can hurt your database performance in many ways.
 
            Example:
                Too many VLFs can cause transaction log backups to slow down and can also slow down database recovery and, in extreme cases, even impact insert/update/delete performance.
 
                References:
                    http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
                    http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx
                    http://www.brentozar.com/blitz/high-virtual-log-file-vlf-count/
 
                In order to get rid of this fragmentation we need to grow the file taking the following into consideration:
                    - How many VLFs are created when we perform a grow operation or when an auto-grow is invoked?
 
                Note: In SQL Server 2014 this algorithm has changed (http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/important-change-vlf-creation-algorithm-sql-server-2014/)
 
            Attention:
                We are growing in MB instead of GB because of known issue prior to SQL 2012:
                    More detail here:
                        http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/PAUL/post/Bug-log-file-growth-broken-for-multiples-of-4GB.aspx
                    and
                        http://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/481594/log-growth-not-working-properly-with-specific-growth-sizes-vlfs-also-not-created-appropriately
                    or
                        https://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/357502/transaction-log-file-size-will-not-grow-exactly-4gb-when-filegrowth-4gb
 
            Understanding related problems:
                    http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
                    http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx
                    http://www.brentozar.com/blitz/high-virtual-log-file-vlf-count/
 
            Known bug before SQL Server 2012
                    http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/PAUL/post/Bug-log-file-growth-broken-for-multiples-of-4GB.aspx
                    http://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/481594/log-growth-not-working-properly-with-specific-growth-sizes-vlfs-also-not-created-appropriately
                    https://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/357502/transaction-log-file-size-will-not-grow-exactly-4gb-when-filegrowth-4gb
 
            How it works?
                The transaction log will grow in chunks until it reaches the desired size.
                Example: If you have a log file with 8192MB and you say that the target size is 81920MB (80GB) it will grow in chunks of 8192MB until it reaches 81920MB. 8192 -> 16384 -> 24576 ... 73728 -> 81920
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER TargetLogSizeMB
            Specifies the target size of the transaction log file in megabytes.
 
        .PARAMETER IncrementSizeMB
            Specifies the amount the transaction log should grow in megabytes. If this value differs from the suggested value based on your TargetLogSizeMB, you will be prompted to confirm your choice.
 
            This value will be calculated if not specified.
 
        .PARAMETER LogFileId
            Specifies the file number(s) of additional transaction log files to grow.
 
            If this value is not specified, only the first transaction log file will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ShrinkLogFile
            If this switch is enabled, your transaction log files will be shrunk.
 
        .PARAMETER ShrinkSizeMB
            Specifies the target size of the transaction log file for the shrink operation.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupDirectory
            Specifies the location of your backups. Backups must be performed to shrink the transaction log.
 
            If this value is not specified, the SQL Server instance's default backup directory will be used.
 
         .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage, Backup
            This script uses Get-DbaDiskSpace dbatools command to get the TLog's drive free space
 
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
            Requires: ALTER DATABASE permission
            Limitations: Freespace cannot be validated on the directory where the log file resides in SQL Server 2005.
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1 -TargetLogSizeMB 50000
 
            Grows the transaction log for database db1 on sqlcluster to 50000 MB and calculates the increment size.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1, db2 -TargetLogSizeMB 10000 -IncrementSizeMB 200
 
            Grows the transaction logs for databases db1 and db2 on sqlcluster to 1000MB and sets the growth increment to 200MB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1 -TargetLogSizeMB 10000 -LogFileId 9
 
            Grows the transaction log file with FileId 9 of the db1 database on sqlcluster instance to 10000MB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database (Get-Content D:\DBs.txt) -TargetLogSizeMB 50000
 
            Grows the transaction log of the databases specified in the file 'D:\DBs.txt' on sqlcluster instance to 50000MB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly -SqlInstance SqlInstance -Database db1,db2 -TargetLogSizeMB 100 -IncrementSizeMB 10 -ShrinkLogFile -ShrinkSizeMB 10 -BackupDirectory R:\MSSQL\Backup
 
            Grows the transaction logs for databases db1 and db2 on SQL server SQLInstance to 100MB, sets the incremental growth to 10MB, shrinks the transaction log to 10MB and uses the directory R:\MSSQL\Backup for the required backups.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Position = 3)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(Position = 4)]
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 5, Mandatory = $true)]
        [int]$TargetLogSizeMB,
        [parameter(Position = 6)]
        [int]$IncrementSizeMB = -1,
        [parameter(Position = 7)]
        [int]$LogFileId = -1,
        [parameter(Position = 8, ParameterSetName = 'Shrink', Mandatory = $true)]
        [switch]$ShrinkLogFile,
        [parameter(Position = 9, ParameterSetName = 'Shrink', Mandatory = $true)]
        [int]$ShrinkSizeMB,
        [parameter(Position = 10, ParameterSetName = 'Shrink')]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        [string]$BackupDirectory,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Set ErrorActionPreference to Inquire."
        $ErrorActionPreference = 'Inquire'

        #Convert MB to KB (SMO works in KB)
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Convert variables MB to KB (SMO works in KB)."
        [int]$TargetLogSizeKB = $TargetLogSizeMB * 1024
        [int]$LogIncrementSize = $incrementSizeMB * 1024
        [int]$ShrinkSize = $ShrinkSizeMB * 1024
        [int]$SuggestLogIncrementSize = 0
        [bool]$LogByFileID = if ($LogFileId -eq -1) {
            $false
        }
        else {
            $true
        }

        #Set base information
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Initialize the instance '$SqlInstance'."

        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

        if ($ShrinkLogFile -eq $true) {
            if ($BackupDirectory.length -eq 0) {
                $backupdirectory = $server.Settings.BackupDirectory
            }

            $pathexists = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $backupdirectory

            if ($pathexists -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup directory does not exist."
            }
        }
    }

    process {

        try {

            [datetime]$initialTime = Get-Date

            #control the iteration number
            $databaseProgressbar = 0;

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving NetBIOS name."
            $sourcenetbios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Number of databases found: $($databases.Count)."
            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $database = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            #go through all databases
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing...foreach database..."
            foreach ($db in $databases.Name) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Working on $db."
                $databaseProgressbar += 1

                #set step to reutilize on logging operations
                [string]$step = "$databaseProgressbar/$($Database.Count)"

                if ($server.Databases[$db]) {
                    Write-Progress `
                        -Id 1 `
                        -Activity "Using database: $db on Instance: '$SqlInstance'" `
                        -PercentComplete ($databaseProgressbar / $Database.Count * 100) `
                        -Status "Processing - $databaseProgressbar of $($Database.Count)"

                    #Validate which file will grow
                    if ($LogByFileID) {
                        $logfile = $server.Databases[$db].LogFiles.ItemById($LogFileId)
                    }
                    else {
                        $logfile = $server.Databases[$db].LogFiles[0]
                    }

                    $numLogfiles = $server.Databases[$db].LogFiles.Count

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Use log file: $logfile."
                    $currentSize = $logfile.Size
                    $currentSizeMB = $currentSize / 1024

                    #Get the number of VLFs
                    $initialVLFCount = Test-DbaVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Log file current size: $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB "
                    [long]$requiredSpace = ($TargetLogSizeKB - $currentSize)

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Verifying if sufficient space exists ($([System.Math]::Round($($requiredSpace / 1024.0), 2))MB) on the volume to perform this task."

                    [long]$TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB = 0
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Get TLog drive free space"
                    [object]$AllDrivesFreeDiskSpace = Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName $sourcenetbios | Select-Object Name, SizeInKB

                    #Verify path using Split-Path on $logfile.FileName in backwards. This way we will catch the LUNs. Example: "K:\Log01" as LUN name. Need to add final backslash if not there
                    $DrivePath = Split-Path $logfile.FileName -parent
                    $DrivePath = if (!($DrivePath.EndsWith("\"))) { "$DrivePath\" }
                    else { $DrivePath }
                    Do {
                        if ($AllDrivesFreeDiskSpace | Where-Object { $DrivePath -eq "$($_.Name)" }) {
                            $TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB = ($AllDrivesFreeDiskSpace | Where-Object { $DrivePath -eq $_.Name }).SizeInKB
                            $match = $true
                            break
                        }
                        else {
                            $match = $false
                            $DrivePath = Split-Path $DrivePath -parent
                            $DrivePath = if (!($DrivePath.EndsWith("\"))) { "$DrivePath\" }
                            else { $DrivePath }
                        }

                    }
                    while (!$match -or ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DrivePath)))

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total TLog Free Disk Space in MB: $([System.Math]::Round($($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB / 1024.0), 2))"

                    if (($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB -le 0) -or ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB))) {
                        $title = "Choose increment value for database '$db':"
                        $message = "Cannot validate freespace on drive where the log file resides. Do you wish to continue? (Y/N)"
                        $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Will continue"
                        $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will exit"
                        $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                        $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)
                        #no
                        if ($result -eq 1) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You have cancelled the execution"
                            return
                        }
                    }

                    if ($requiredSpace -gt $TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There is not enough space on volume to perform this task. `r`n" `
                            "Available space: $([System.Math]::Round($($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB / 1024.0), 2))MB;`r`n" `
                            "Required space: $([System.Math]::Round($($requiredSpace / 1024.0), 2))MB;"
                        return
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($currentSize -ige $TargetLogSizeKB -and ($ShrinkLogFile -eq $false)) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - [INFO] The T-Log file '$logfile' size is already equal or greater than target size - No action required."
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - [OK] There is sufficient free space to perform this task."

                            # If SQL Server version is greater or equal to 2012
                            if ($server.Version.Major -ge "11") {
                                switch ($TargetLogSizeMB) {
                                    { $_ -le 64 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 64 }
                                    { $_ -ge 64 -and $_ -lt 256 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 256 }
                                    { $_ -ge 256 -and $_ -lt 1024 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 512 }
                                    { $_ -ge 1024 -and $_ -lt 4096 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 1024 }
                                    { $_ -ge 4096 -and $_ -lt 8192 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 2048 }
                                    { $_ -ge 8192 -and $_ -lt 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 4096 }
                                    { $_ -ge 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 8192 }
                                }
                            }
                            # 2008 R2 or under
                            else {
                                switch ($TargetLogSizeMB) {
                                    { $_ -le 64 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 64 }
                                    { $_ -ge 64 -and $_ -lt 256 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 256 }
                                    { $_ -ge 256 -and $_ -lt 1024 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 512 }
                                    { $_ -ge 1024 -and $_ -lt 4096 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 1024 }
                                    { $_ -ge 4096 -and $_ -lt 8192 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 2048 }
                                    { $_ -ge 8192 -and $_ -lt 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 4000 }
                                    { $_ -ge 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 8000 }
                                }

                                if (($IncrementSizeMB % 4096) -eq 0) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Your instance version is below SQL 2012, remember the known BUG mentioned on HELP. `r`nUse Get-Help Expand-DbaTLogFileResponsibly to read help`r`nUse a different value for incremental size.`r`n"
                                    return
                                }
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Instance $server version: $($server.Version.Major) - Suggested TLog increment size: $($SuggestLogIncrementSize)MB"

                            # Shrink Log File to desired size before re-growth to desired size (You need to remove as many VLF's as possible to ensure proper growth)
                            $ShrinkSizeMB = $ShrinkSize / 1024
                            if ($ShrinkLogFile -eq $true) {
                                if ($server.Databases[$db].RecoveryModel -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is in Simple RecoveryModel which does not allow log backups. Do not specify -ShrinkLogFile and -ShrinkSizeMB parameters."
                                    Continue
                                }

                                try {
                                    $sql = "SELECT last_log_backup_lsn FROM sys.database_recovery_status WHERE database_id = DB_ID('$db')"
                                    $sqlResult = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql);

                                    if ($sqlResult.Tables[0].Rows[0]["last_log_backup_lsn"] -is [System.DBNull]) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "First, you need to make a full backup before you can do Tlog backup on database '$db' (last_log_backup_lsn is null)."
                                        Continue
                                    }
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't execute SQL on $server. `r`n $($_)" -Continue
                                }

                                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($server.name), "Backing up TLog for $db")) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "We are about to backup the Tlog for database '$db' to '$backupdirectory' and shrink the log."
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Size = $currentSizeMB."

                                    $DefaultCompression = $server.Configuration.DefaultBackupCompression.ConfigValue

                                    if ($currentSizeMB -gt $ShrinkSizeMB) {
                                        $backupRetries = 1
                                        Do {
                                            try {
                                                $percent = $null
                                                $backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
                                                $backup.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupActionType]::Log
                                                $backup.BackupSetDescription = "Transaction Log backup of " + $db
                                                $backup.BackupSetName = $db + " Backup"
                                                $backup.Database = $db
                                                $backup.MediaDescription = "Disk"
                                                $dt = get-date -format yyyyMMddHHmmssms
                                                $null = $backup.Devices.AddDevice($backupdirectory + "\" + $db + "_db_" + $dt + ".trn", 'File')
                                                if ($DefaultCompression = $true) {
                                                    $backup.CompressionOption = 1
                                                }
                                                else {
                                                    $backup.CompressionOption = 0
                                                }
                                                $null = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                                                    Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -activity "Backing up $db to $server" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                                                }
                                                $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                                                $backup.PercentCompleteNotification = 10
                                                $backup.add_Complete($complete)
                                                Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -activity "Backing up $db to $server" -percentcomplete 0 -Status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                                                $backup.SqlBackup($server)
                                                Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -activity "Backing up $db to $server" -status "Complete" -Completed
                                                $logfile.Shrink($ShrinkSizeMB, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.ShrinkMethod]::TruncateOnly)
                                                $logfile.Refresh()
                                            }
                                            catch {
                                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backup" -status "Failed" -completed
                                                Stop-Function -Message "Backup failed for database" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                                                Continue
                                            }

                                        }
                                        while (($logfile.Size / 1024) -gt $ShrinkSizeMB -and ++$backupRetries -lt 6)

                                        $currentSize = $logfile.Size
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TLog backup and truncate for database '$db' finished. Current TLog size after $backupRetries backups is $($currentSize/1024)MB"
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            # SMO uses values in KB
                            $SuggestLogIncrementSize = $SuggestLogIncrementSize * 1024

                            # If default, use $SuggestedLogIncrementSize
                            if ($IncrementSizeMB -eq -1) {
                                $LogIncrementSize = $SuggestLogIncrementSize
                            }
                            else {
                                $title = "Choose increment value for database '$db':"
                                $message = "The input value for increment size was $([System.Math]::Round($LogIncrementSize/1024, 0))MB. However the suggested value for increment is $($SuggestLogIncrementSize/1024)MB.`r`nDo you want to use the suggested value of $([System.Math]::Round($SuggestLogIncrementSize/1024, 0))MB insted of $([System.Math]::Round($LogIncrementSize/1024, 0))MB"
                                $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Uses recomended size."
                                $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will use parameter value."
                                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)
                                #yes
                                if ($result -eq 0) {
                                    $LogIncrementSize = $SuggestLogIncrementSize
                                }
                            }

                            #start growing file
                            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($server.name), "Starting log growth. Increment chunk size: $($LogIncrementSize/1024)MB for database '$db'")) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting log growth. Increment chunk size: $($LogIncrementSize/1024)MB for database '$db'"

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - While current size less than target log size."

                                while ($currentSize -lt $TargetLogSizeKB) {

                                    Write-Progress `
                                        -Id 2 `
                                        -ParentId 1 `
                                        -Activity "Growing file $logfile on '$db' database" `
                                        -PercentComplete ($currentSize / $TargetLogSizeKB * 100) `
                                        -Status "Remaining - $([System.Math]::Round($($($TargetLogSizeKB - $currentSize) / 1024.0), 2)) MB"

                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Verifying if the log can grow or if it's already at the desired size."
                                    if (($TargetLogSizeKB - $currentSize) -lt $LogIncrementSize) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Log size is lower than the increment size. Setting current size equals $TargetLogSizeKB."
                                        $currentSize = $TargetLogSizeKB
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Grow the $logfile file in $([System.Math]::Round($($LogIncrementSize / 1024.0), 2)) MB"
                                        $currentSize += $LogIncrementSize
                                    }

                                    #When -WhatIf Switch, do not run
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$step - File will grow to $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB", "This action will grow the file $logfile on database $db to $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB .`r`nDo you wish to continue?", "Perform grow")) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Set size $logfile to $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB"
                                        $logfile.size = $currentSize

                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Applying changes"
                                        $logfile.Alter()
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Changes have been applied"

                                        #Will put the info like VolumeFreeSpace up to date
                                        $logfile.Refresh()
                                    }
                                }

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`r`n$step - [OK] Growth process for logfile '$logfile' on database '$db', has been finished."

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Grow $logfile log file on $db database finished."
                            }
                        }
                    } #else space available
                }
                #else verifying existence
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on instance '$SqlInstance'."
                }

                #Get the number of VLFs
                $currentVLFCount = Test-DbaVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName    = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database        = $db
                    ID              = $logfile.ID
                    Name            = $logfile.Name
                    LogFileCount    = $numLogfiles
                    InitialSize     = [dbasize]($currentSizeMB * 1024)
                    CurrentSize     = [dbasize]($TargetLogSizeMB * 1024)
                    InitialVLFCount = $initialVLFCount.Total
                    CurrentVLFCount = $currentVLFCount.Total
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty LogFileCount
            } #foreach database
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Logfile $logfile on database $db not processed. Error: $($_.Exception.Message). Line Number: $($_InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber)" -Continue
        }
    }

    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Process finished $((Get-Date) - ($initialTime))"
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Expand-SqlTLogResponsibly
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports SQL Server Availability Groups to a T-SQL file.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports SQL Server Availability Groups creation scripts to a T-SQL file. This is a function that is not available in SSMS.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance name. SQL Server 2012 and above supported.
 
        .PARAMETER FilePath
            The directory name where the output files will be written. A sub directory with the format 'ServerName$InstanceName' will be created. A T-SQL scripts named 'AGName.sql' will be created under this subdirectory for each scripted Availability Group.
 
        .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
            The Availability Group(s) to export - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAvailabilityGroup
            The Availability Group(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER NoClobber
            Do not overwrite existing export files.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows you what it'd output if you were to run the command
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Confirms each step/line of output
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup
            Author: Chris Sommer (@cjsommer), cjsommer.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2012
 
            Exports all Availability Groups from SQL server "sql2012". Output scripts are written to the Documents\SqlAgExports directory by default.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -FilePath C:\temp\availability_group_exports
 
            Exports all Availability Groups from SQL server "sql2012". Output scripts are written to the C:\temp\availability_group_exports directory.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -FilePath 'C:\dir with spaces\availability_group_exports' -AvailabilityGroups AG1,AG2
 
            Exports Availability Groups AG1 and AG2 from SQL server "sql2012". Output scripts are written to the C:\dir with spaces\availability_group_exports directory.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2014 -FilePath C:\temp\availability_group_exports -NoClobber
 
            Exports all Availability Groups from SQL server "sql2014". Output scripts are written to the C:\temp\availability_group_exports directory. If the export file already exists it will not be overwritten.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAvailabilityGroup,
        [Alias("OutputLocation", "Path")]
        [string]$FilePath = "$([Environment]::GetFolderPath("MyDocuments"))\SqlAgExport",
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsHadrEnabled -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Hadr is not enabled on this instance" -Continue
            }
            else {
                # Get all of the Availability Groups and filter if required
                $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'AvailabilityGroup') {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -In $AvailabilityGroup
            }
            if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeAvailabilityGroup') {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeAvailabilityGroup
            }

            if ($ags.count -gt 0 -or $ags.Length -gt 0) {

                # Set and create the OutputLocation if it doesn't exist
                $sqlinst = $instance.Replace('\', '$')
                $outputLocation = "$FilePath\$sqlinst"

                if (!(Test-Path $outputLocation -PathType Container)) {
                    $null = New-Item -Path $outputLocation -ItemType Directory -Force
                }

                # Script each Availability Group
                foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                    $agName = $ag.Name

                    # Set the outfile name
                    if ($AppendDateToOutputFilename.IsPresent) {
                        $formatteddate = (Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd_hhmm')
                        $outFile = "$outputLocation\${AGname}_${formatteddate}.sql"
                    }
                    else {
                        $outFile = "$outputLocation\$agName.sql"
                    }

                    # Check NoClobber and script out the AG
                    if ($NoClobber.IsPresent -and (Test-Path -Path $outFile -PathType Leaf)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "OutputFile $outFile already exists. Skipping due to -NoClobber parameter"
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scripting Availability Group [$agName] on $instance to $outFile"

                        # Create comment block header for AG script
                        "/*" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Force
                        " * Created by dbatools 'Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup' cmdlet on '$(Get-Date)'" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        " * See https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup for more help" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Output AG and listener names
                        " *" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        " * Availability Group Name: $($ag.name)" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        $ag.AvailabilityGroupListeners | ForEach-Object { " * Listener Name: $($_.name)" } | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Output all replicas
                        " *" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        $ag.AvailabilityReplicas | ForEach-Object { " * Replica: $($_.name)" } | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Output all databases
                        " *" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        $ag.AvailabilityDatabases | ForEach-Object { " * Database: $($_.name)" } | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # $ag | Select-Object -Property * | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        "*/" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Script the AG
                        $ag.Script() | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No Availability Groups detected on $instance"
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaDacpac {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Exports a dacpac from a server.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Using SQLPackage, export a dacpac from an instance of SQL Server.
 
    Note - Extract from SQL Server is notoriously flaky - for example if you have three part references to external databases it will not work.
 
    For help with the extract action parameters and properties, refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080(v=vs.103).aspx
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to and publish to.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using alternative logins instead Integrated, accepts Credential object created by Get-Credential
 
    .PARAMETER Path
    The directory where the .dacpac files will be exported to. Defaults to documents.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER AllUserDatabases
    Run command against all user databases
 
    .PARAMETER ExtendedParameters
    Optional parameters used to extract the DACPAC. More information can be found at
    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080.aspx
 
    .PARAMETER ExtendedProperties
    Optional properties used to extract the DACPAC. More information can be found at
    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080.aspx
 
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Migration, Database, Dacpac
    Author: Richie lee (@bzzzt_io)
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaDacpac
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Export-DbaDacpac -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database SharePoint_Config
    Exports the dacpac for SharePoint_Config on sql2016 to $home\Documents\SharePoint_Config.dacpac
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $moreprops = "/p:VerifyExtraction=$true /p:CommandTimeOut=10"
    Export-DbaDacpac -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database SharePoint_Config -Path C:\temp -ExtendedProperties $moreprops
 
    Sets the CommandTimeout to 10 then extracts the dacpac for SharePoint_Config on sql2016 to C:\temp\SharePoint_Config.dacpac then verifies extraction.
 
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents",
        [string]$ExtendedParameters,
        [string]$ExtendedProperties,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ExcludeDatabase) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AllUserDatabases)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify databases to execute against using either -Database, -ExcludeDatabase or -AllUserDatabases"
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path doesn't exist or access denied"
        }

        if ((Get-Item $path) -isnot [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Path must be a directory"
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $cleaninstance = $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '-')

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -in $Database
                if (-not $dbs.name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $Database does not exist on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $dbname = $db.name
                $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString.Replace('"', "'")
                if ($connstring -notmatch 'Database=') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;Database=$dbname"
                }
                $filename = "$Path\$cleaninstance-$dbname.dacpac"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting $filename"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using connection string $connstring"

                $sqlPackageArgs = "/action:Extract /tf:""$filename"" /SourceConnectionString:""$connstring"" $ExtendedParameters $ExtendedProperties"
                $resultstime = [diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()

                try {
                    $startprocess = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
                    $startprocess.FileName = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\sqlpackage.exe"
                    $startprocess.Arguments = $sqlPackageArgs
                    $startprocess.RedirectStandardError = $true
                    $startprocess.RedirectStandardOutput = $true
                    $startprocess.UseShellExecute = $false
                    $startprocess.CreateNoWindow = $true
                    $process = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
                    $process.StartInfo = $startprocess
                    $process.Start() | Out-Null
                    $process.WaitForExit()
                    $stdout = $process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()
                    $stderr = $process.StandardError.ReadToEnd()
                    Write-Message -level Verbose -Message "StandardOutput: $stdout"

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $dbname
                        Path         = $filename
                        Elapsed      = [prettytimespan]($resultstime.Elapsed)
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "SQLPackage Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }

                if ($process.ExitCode -ne 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Standard output - $stderr" -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery can convert ouput generated by Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery to CSV or Excel
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The default output format of Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery is a custom object. It can also output to CSV and Excel.
            However, CSV output can generate a lot of files and Excel output depends on the ImportExcel module by Doug Fike (https://github.com/dfinke/ImportExcel)
            Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery can be used to convert from the default export type to the other available export types.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Specifies the objects to convert
 
        .PARAMETER ConvertTo
            Specifies the output type. Valid choices are Excel and CSV. CSV is the default.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the path to the output files.
 
        .PARAMETER Suffix
            Suffix for the filename. It's datetime by default.
 
        .PARAMETER NoPlanExport
            Use this switch to suppress exporting of .sqlplan files
 
        .PARAMETER NoQueryExport
            Use this switch to suppress exporting of .sql files
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Query
            Author: Andre Kamman (@AndreKamman), http://clouddba.io
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery -Path c:\temp
 
            Converts output from Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery to multiple CSV files
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $output = Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016
            Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery -InputObject $output -ConvertTo Excel
 
            Converts output from Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery to Excel worksheet(s) in the Documents folder
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [ValidateSet("Excel", "Csv")]
        [string]$ConvertTo = "Csv",
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path = [Environment]::GetFolderPath("mydocuments"),
        [string]$Suffix = "$(Get-Date -format 'yyyyMMddHHmmssms')",
        [switch]$NoPlanExport,
        [switch]$NoQueryExport,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($ConvertTo -eq "Excel") {
            try {
                Import-Module ImportExcel -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                $message = "Failed to load module, exporting to Excel feature is not available
                            Install the module from: https://github.com/dfinke/ImportExcel
                            Valid alternative conversion format is csv"
                Stop-Function -Message $message
                return
            }
        }

        if (!$(Test-Path $Path)) {
            try {
                New-Item $Path -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Created directory $Path"
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create directory $Path" -Continue
            }
        }

        Function Remove-InvalidFileNameChars {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,
                    Position = 0,
                    ValueFromPipeline = $true,
                    ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
                [String]$Name
            )
            $Name = $Name.Replace(" ", "-")
            $invalidChars = [IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars() -join ''
            $re = "[{0}]" -f [RegEx]::Escape($invalidChars)
            return ($Name -replace $re)
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($row in $InputObject) {
            $result = $row.Result
            $name = $row.Name
            $SqlInstance = $row.SqlInstance.Replace("\", "$")
            $dbname = $row.DatabaseName
            $number = $row.Number

            if ($null -eq $result) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Result was empty for $name" -Target $result -Continue
            }

            $queryname = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars -Name $Name
            $excelfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$Suffix.xlsx"
            $exceldbfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$dbname-$Suffix.xlsx"
            $csvdbfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-$dbname-DQ-$number-$queryname-$Suffix.csv"
            $csvfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$number-$queryname-$Suffix.csv"

            $columnnameoptions = "Query Plan", "QueryPlan", "Query_Plan", "query_plan_xml"
            if (($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -in $columnnameoptions).Count -gt 0) {
                $plannr = 0
                $columnname = ($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -In $columnnameoptions).Name
                foreach ($plan in $result."$columnname") {
                    $plannr += 1
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        $planfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-$dbname-DQ-$number-$queryname-$plannr-$Suffix.sqlplan"
                    }
                    else {
                        $planfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$number-$queryname-$plannr-$Suffix.sqlplan"
                    }

                    if (!$NoPlanExport) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $planfilename"
                        if ($plan) {$plan | Out-File -FilePath $planfilename}
                    }
                }

                $result = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty "$columnname"
            }

            $columnnameoptions = "Complete Query Text", "QueryText", "Query Text", "Query_Text", "query_sql_text"
            if (($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -In $columnnameoptions ).Count -gt 0) {
                $sqlnr = 0
                $columnname = ($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -In $columnnameoptions).Name
                foreach ($sql in $result."$columnname") {
                    $sqlnr += 1
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        $sqlfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-$dbname-DQ-$number-$queryname-$sqlnr-$Suffix.sql"
                    }
                    else {
                        $sqlfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$number-$queryname-$sqlnr-$Suffix.sql"
                    }

                    if (!$NoQueryExport) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $sqlfilename"
                        if ($sql) {$sql | Out-File -FilePath $sqlfilename}
                    }
                }

                $result = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty "$columnname"
            }

            switch ($ConvertTo) {
                "Excel" {
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $exceldbfilename"
                        $result | Export-Excel -Path $exceldbfilename -WorkSheetname $Name -AutoSize -AutoFilter -BoldTopRow -FreezeTopRow
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $excelfilename"
                        $result | Export-Excel -Path $excelfilename -WorkSheetname $Name -AutoSize -AutoFilter -BoldTopRow -FreezeTopRow
                    }
                }
                "csv" {
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $csvdbfilename"
                        $result | Export-Csv -Path $csvdbfilename -NoTypeInformation -Append
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $csvfilename"
                        $result | Export-Csv -Path $csvfilename -NoTypeInformation -Append
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Export-DbaExecutionPlan {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports execution plans to disk.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports execution plans to disk. Can pipe from Export-DbaExecutionPlan
 
            Thanks to
                https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/dmvs-for-query-plan-metadata/
                and
                http://www.scarydba.com/2017/02/13/export-plans-cache-sqlplan-file/
            for the idea and query.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER SinceCreation
            Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date
 
        .PARAMETER SinceLastExecution
            Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The directory where all of the sqlxml files will be exported
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER PipedObject
            Internal parameter
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Performance, ExecutionPlan
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaExecutionPlan
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Exports all execution plans for sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2 -SinceLastExecution '7/1/2016 10:47:00'
 
            Exports all execution plans for databases db1 and db2 on sqlserver2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped', Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Piped', Mandatory)]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped', Mandatory)]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped')]
        [datetime]$SinceCreation,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped')]
        [datetime]$SinceLastExecution,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Piped', Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$PipedObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($SinceCreation -ne $null) {
            $SinceCreation = $SinceCreation.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        }

        if ($SinceLastExecution -ne $null) {
            $SinceLastExecution = $SinceLastExecution.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        }

        function Export-Plan {
            param(
                [object]$object
            )
            $instanceName = $object.SqlInstance
            $dbName = $object.DatabaseName
            $queryPosition = $object.QueryPosition
            $sqlHandle = "0x"; $object.SqlHandle | ForEach-Object { $sqlHandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
            $sqlHandle = $sqlHandle.TrimStart('0x02000000').TrimEnd('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000')
            $shortName = "$instanceName-$dbName-$queryPosition-$sqlHandle"

            foreach ($queryPlan in $object.BatchQueryPlanRaw) {
                $fileName = "$path\$shortName-batch.sqlplan"

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Writing XML file to $fileName")) {
                        $queryPlan.Save($fileName)
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Skipped query plan for $fileName because it is null." -Target $fileName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($statementPlan in $object.SingleStatementPlanRaw) {
                $fileName = "$path\$shortName.sqlplan"

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Writing XML file to $fileName")) {
                        $statementPlan.Save($fileName)
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Skipped statement plan for $fileName because it is null." -Target $fileName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing output object")) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OutputFile -Value $fileName
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, DatabaseName, SqlHandle, CreationTime, LastExecutionTime, OutputFile
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (!(Test-Path $Path)) {
            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $Path
        }

        if ($PipedObject) {
            foreach ($object in $pipedobject) {
                Export-Plan $object
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $select = "SELECT DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) as DatabaseName, OBJECT_NAME(deqp.objectid) as ObjectName,
                    detqp.query_plan AS SingleStatementPlan,
                    deqp.query_plan AS BatchQueryPlan,
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY Statement_Start_offset ) AS QueryPosition,
                    sql_handle as SqlHandle,
                    plan_handle as PlanHandle,
                    creation_time as CreationTime,
                    last_execution_time as LastExecutionTime"

            $from = " FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats deqs
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle,
                            deqs.statement_start_offset,
                            deqs.statement_end_offset) AS detqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle) AS deqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(deqs.plan_handle) AS execText"

            if ($ExcludeDatabase -or $Database -or $SinceCreation.Length -gt 0 -or $SinceLastExecution.length -gt 0 -or $ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan -eq $true) {
                $where = " WHERE "
            }

            $whereArray = @()

            if ($Database -gt 0) {
                $dbList = $Database -join "','"
                $whereArray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) in ('$dbList') "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'SinceCreation') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding creation time"
                $whereArray += " creation_time >= '$SinceCreation' "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'SinceLastExecution') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding last execution time"
                $whereArray += " last_execution_time >= '$SinceLastExecution' "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeDatabase') {
                $dbList = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                $whereArray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) not in ('$dbList') "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan') {
                $whereArray += " detqp.query_plan is not null"
            }

            if ($where.Length -gt 0) {
                $whereArray = $whereArray -join " and "
                $where = "$where $whereArray"
            }

            $sql = "$select $from $where"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            try {
                $dataTable = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting execution plans" -Target $instance -ErroRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($row in ($dataTable.Rows)) {
                $sqlHandle = "0x"; $row.sqlhandle | ForEach-Object { $sqlHandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                $planhandle = "0x"; $row.planhandle | ForEach-Object { $planhandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }

                $object = [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName           = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName           = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName           = $row.DatabaseName
                    SqlHandle              = $sqlHandle
                    PlanHandle             = $planhandle
                    SingleStatementPlan    = $row.SingleStatementPlan
                    BatchQueryPlan         = $row.BatchQueryPlan
                    QueryPosition          = $row.QueryPosition
                    CreationTime           = $row.CreationTime
                    LastExecutionTime      = $row.LastExecutionTime
                    BatchQueryPlanRaw      = [xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan
                    SingleStatementPlanRaw = [xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan
                }
                Export-Plan $object
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaLogin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports Windows and SQL Logins to a T-SQL file. Export includes login, SID, password, default database, default language, server permissions, server roles, db permissions, db roles.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports Windows and SQL Logins to a T-SQL file. Export includes login, SID, password, default database, default language, server permissions, server roles, db permissions, db roles.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance name. SQL Server 2000 and above supported.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            The login(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
            The login(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER FilePath
            The file to write to.
 
        .PARAMETER NoClobber
            If this switch is enabled, a file already existing at the path specified by FilePath will not be overwritten.
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            If this switch is enabled, content will be appended to a file already existing at the path specified by FilePath. If the file does not exist, it will be created.
 
        .PARAMETER NoJobs
            If this switch is enabled, Agent job ownership will not be exported.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDatabases
            If this switch is enabled, mappings for databases will not be exported.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
            If specified, will NOT script the 'GO' batch separator.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationVersion
            To say to which version the script should be generated. If not specified will use instance major version.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Export, Login
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaLogin
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2005 -FilePath C:\temp\sql2005-logins.sql
 
            Exports the logins for SQL Server "sql2005" and writes them to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-logins.sql"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Exclude realcajun -SqlCredential $scred -FilePath C:\temp\logins.sql -Append
 
            Authenticates to sqlserver2014a using SQL Authentication. Exports all logins except for realcajun to C:\temp\logins.sql, and appends to the file if it exists. If not, the file will be created.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login realcajun, netnerds -FilePath C:\temp\logins.sql
 
            Exports ONLY logins netnerds and realcajun FROM sqlserver2014a to the file C:\temp\logins.sql
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login realcajun, netnerds -Database HR, Accounting
 
            Exports ONLY logins netnerds and realcajun FROM sqlserver2014a with the permissions on databases HR and Accounting
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Login realcajun, netnerds -FilePath C:\temp\login.sql -ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
 
            Exports ONLY logins netnerds and realcajun FROM sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\login.sql file without the 'GO' batch separator.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Login realcajun -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql -DestinationVersion SQLServer2016
 
            Exports login realcajun fron sqlsever2008 to the file C:\temp\users.sql with sintax to run on SQL Server 2016
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [Alias("OutFile", "Path", "FileName")]
        [string]$FilePath,
        [Alias("NoOverwrite")]
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$NoDatabases,
        [switch]$NoJobs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [switch]$ExcludeGoBatchSeparator,
        [ValidateSet('SQLServer2000', 'SQLServer2005', 'SQLServer2008/2008R2', 'SQLServer2012', 'SQLServer2014', 'SQLServer2016', 'SQLServer2017')]
        [string]$DestinationVersion
    )

    begin {

        if ($FilePath) {
            if ($FilePath -notlike "*\*") {
                $FilePath = ".\$filepath"
            }
            $directory = Split-Path $FilePath
            $exists = Test-Path $directory

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parent directory $directory does not exist."
            }
        }

        $outsql = @()

        $versions = @{
            'SQLServer2000'        = 'Version80'
            'SQLServer2005'        = 'Version90'
            'SQLServer2008/2008R2' = 'Version100'
            'SQLServer2012'        = 'Version110'
            'SQLServer2014'        = 'Version120'
            'SQLServer2016'        = 'Version130'
            'SQLServer2017'        = 'Version140'
        }

        $versionsNumbers = @{
            '8'  = 'Version80'
            '9'  = 'Version90'
            '10' = 'Version100'
            '11' = 'Version110'
            '12' = 'Version120'
            '13' = 'Version130'
            '14' = 'Version140'
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $sqlinstance."
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential

        if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) {
            #Get compatibility level for scripting the objects
            $scriptVersion = $versionsNumbers[$server.VersionMajor.ToString()]
        }
        else {
            $scriptVersion = $versions[$destinationVersion]
        }

        if ($NoDatabases -eq $false) {
            # if we got a database or a list of databases passed
            # and we need to enumerate mappings, login.enumdatabasemappings() takes forever
            # the cool thing though is that database.enumloginmappings() is fast. A lot.
            # if we get a list of databases passed (or even the default list of all the databases)
            # we save outself a call to enumloginmappings if there is no map at all
            $DbMapping = @()
            $DbsToMap = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $DbsToMap = $DbsToMap | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            foreach ($db in $DbsToMap) {
                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    continue
                }
                $dbmap = $db.EnumLoginMappings()
                foreach ($el in $dbmap) {
                    $DbMapping += [pscustomobject]@{
                        Database  = $db.Name
                        UserName  = $el.Username
                        LoginName = $el.LoginName
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($sourceLogin in $server.Logins) {
            $userName = $sourceLogin.name

            if ($Login -and $Login -notcontains $userName -or $ExcludeLogin -contains $userName) {
                continue
            }

            if ($userName.StartsWith("##") -or $userName -eq 'sa') {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Skipping $userName."
                continue
            }

            $serverName = $server

            $userBase = ($userName.Split("\")[0]).ToLower()
            if ($serverName -eq $userBase -or $userName.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName is skipped because it is a local machine name.")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$userName is skipped because it is a local machine name."
                    continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Outfile", "Adding T-SQL for login $userName")) {
                if ($FilePath) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $userName."
                }

                $outsql += "`r`nUSE master`n"
                # Getting some attributes
                $defaultDb = $sourceLogin.DefaultDatabase
                $language = $sourceLogin.Language

                if ($sourceLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced -eq $false) {
                    $checkPolicy = "OFF"
                }
                else {
                    $checkPolicy = "ON"
                }

                if (!$sourceLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled) {
                    $checkExpiration = "OFF"
                }
                else {
                    $checkExpiration = "ON"
                }

                # Attempt to script out SQL Login
                if ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "SqlLogin") {
                    $sourceLoginName = $sourceLogin.name

                    switch ($server.versionMajor) {
                        0 {
                            $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) AS hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$sourceLoginName'"
                        }
                        8 {
                            $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) AS hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$sourceLoginName'"
                        }
                        9 {
                            $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name='$sourceLoginName'"
                        }
                        default {
                            $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(varchar(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash') AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass FROM sys.server_principals WHERE principal_id = $($sourceLogin.id)"
                        }
                    }

                    try {
                        $hashedPass = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                    }
                    catch {
                        $hashedPassDt = $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                        $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0)
                    }

                    if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") {
                        $passString = "0x"; $hashedPass | ForEach-Object {
                            $passString += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0")
                        }
                        $hashedPass = $passString
                    }

                    $sid = "0x"; $sourceLogin.sid | ForEach-Object {
                        $sid += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0")
                    }
                    $outsql += "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT loginname FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE name = '$userName') CREATE LOGIN [$userName] WITH PASSWORD = $hashedPass HASHED, SID = $sid, DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$defaultDb], CHECK_POLICY = $checkPolicy, CHECK_EXPIRATION = $checkExpiration, DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$language]"
                }
                # Attempt to script out Windows User
                elseif ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsUser" -or $sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsGroup") {
                    $outsql += "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT loginname FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE name = '$userName') CREATE LOGIN [$userName] FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$defaultDb], DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$language]"
                }
                # This script does not currently support certificate mapped or asymmetric key users.
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($sourceLogin.LoginType) logins not supported. $($sourceLogin.Name) skipped."
                    continue
                }

                if ($sourceLogin.IsDisabled) {
                    $outsql += "ALTER LOGIN [$userName] DISABLE"
                }

                if ($sourceLogin.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                    $outsql += "DENY CONNECT SQL TO [$userName]"
                }
            }

            # Server Roles: sysadmin, bulklogin, etc
            foreach ($role in $server.Roles) {
                $roleName = $role.Name

                # SMO changed over time
                try {
                    $roleMembers = $role.EnumMemberNames()
                }
                catch {
                    $roleMembers = $role.EnumServerRoleMembers()
                }

                if ($roleMembers -contains $userName) {
                    if (($server.VersionMajor -lt 11 -and [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) -or ($DestinationVersion -in "SQLServer2000", "SQLServer2005", "SQLServer2008/2008R2")) {
                        $outsql += "EXEC sys.sp_addsrvrolemember @rolename=N'$roleName', @loginame=N'$userName'"
                    }
                    else {
                        $outsql += "ALTER SERVER ROLE [$roleName] ADD MEMBER [$userName]"
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($NoJobs -eq $false) {
                $ownedJobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -eq $userName }

                foreach ($ownedJob in $ownedJobs) {
                    $outsql += "`n`rUSE msdb`n"
                    $outsql += "EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_name=N'$ownedJob', @owner_login_name=N'$userName'"
                }
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
                # These operations are only supported by SQL Server 2005 and above.
                # Securables: Connect SQL, View any database, Administer Bulk Operations, etc.

                $perms = $server.EnumServerPermissions($userName)
                $outsql += "`n`rUSE master`n"
                foreach ($perm in $perms) {
                    $permState = $perm.permissionstate
                    $permType = $perm.PermissionType
                    $grantor = $perm.grantor

                    if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                        $grantWithGrant = "WITH GRANT OPTION"
                        $permState = "GRANT"
                    }
                    else {
                        $grantWithGrant = $null
                    }

                    $outsql += "$permState $permType TO [$userName] $grantWithGrant AS [$grantor]"
                }

                # Credential mapping. Credential removal not currently supported for Syncs.
                $loginCredentials = $server.Credentials | Where-Object { $_.Identity -eq $sourceLogin.Name }
                foreach ($credential in $loginCredentials) {
                    $credentialName = $credential.Name
                    $outsql += "PRINT '$userName is associated with the $credentialName credential'"
                }
            }

            if ($NoDatabases -eq $false) {
                if ($userName -notin $DbMapping.LoginName) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Skipping as $userName is not mapped to an user of the databases."
                    continue
                }
                $dbs = $sourceLogin.EnumDatabaseMappings()
                # Adding database mappings and securables
                foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                    $dbName = $db.dbname
                    $sourceDb = $server.Databases[$dbName]
                    $dbUserName = $db.username

                    $outsql += "`r`nUSE [$dbName]`n"
                    try {
                        $sql = $server.Databases[$dbName].Users[$dbUserName].Script()
                        $outsql += $sql
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User cannot be found in selected database."
                    }

                    # Skipping updating dbowner

                    # Database Roles: db_owner, db_datareader, etc
                    foreach ($role in $sourceDb.Roles) {
                        if ($role.EnumMembers() -contains $dbUserName) {
                            $roleName = $role.Name
                            if (($server.VersionMajor -lt 11 -and [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) -or ($DestinationVersion -in "SQLServer2000", "SQLServer2005", "SQLServer2008/2008R2")) {
                                $outsql += "EXEC sys.sp_addrolemember @rolename=N'$roleName', @membername=N'$dbUserName'"
                            }
                            else {
                                $outsql += "ALTER ROLE [$roleName] ADD MEMBER [$dbUserName]"
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    # Connect, Alter Any Assembly, etc
                    $perms = $sourceDb.EnumDatabasePermissions($dbUserName)
                    foreach ($perm in $perms) {
                        $permState = $perm.PermissionState
                        $permType = $perm.PermissionType
                        $grantor = $perm.Grantor

                        if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                            $grantWithGrant = "WITH GRANT OPTION"
                            $permState = "GRANT"
                        }
                        else {
                            $grantWithGrant = $null
                        }

                        $outsql += "$permState $permType TO [$userName] $grantWithGrant AS [$grantor]"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        $sql = $sql | Where-Object { $_ -notlike "CREATE USER [dbo] FOR LOGIN * WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA=[dbo]" }

        if ($ExcludeGoBatchSeparator) {
            $sql = $outsql
        }
        else {
            $sql = $outsql -join "`r`nGO`r`n"
            #add the final GO
            $sql += "`r`nGO"
        }

        if ($FilePath) {
            $sql | Out-File -Encoding UTF8 -FilePath $FilePath -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
        }
        else {
            $sql
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-SqlLogin
    }
}
function Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports a new Data Collector Set XML Template.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports a Data Collector Set XML Template from Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet. Exports to "$home\Documents\Performance Monitor Templates" by default.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The name of the collector set(s) to export.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to export the file. Can be .xml or directory.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 -Path C:\temp\pf
 
            Exports all data collector sets from to the C:\temp\pf folder.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet ComputerName sql2017 -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -Path C:\temp
 
            Exports the 'System Correlation' data collector set from sql2017 to C:\temp.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents\Performance Monitor Templates",
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }

        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $object.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }

            $csname = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars -Name $object.Name

            if ($path.EndsWith(".xml")) {
                $filename = $path
            }
            else {
                $filename = "$path\$csname.xml"
                if (-not (Test-Path -Path $path)) {
                    $null = New-Item -Type Directory -Path $path
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Wrote $csname to $filename."
            Set-Content -Path $filename -Value $object.Xml -Encoding Unicode
            Get-ChildItem -Path $filename
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaScript {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports scripts from SQL Management Objects (SMO)
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports scripts from SQL Management Objects
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            A SQL Managment Object such as the one returned from Get-DbaLogin
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The output filename and location. If no path is specified, one will be created. If the file already exists, the output will be appended.
 
        .PARAMETER Encoding
            Specifies the file encoding. The default is UTF8.
 
            Valid values are:
            -- ASCII: Uses the encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.
            -- BigEndianUnicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the big-endian byte order.
            -- Byte: Encodes a set of characters into a sequence of bytes.
            -- String: Uses the encoding type for a string.
            -- Unicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the little-endian byte order.
            -- UTF7: Encodes in UTF-7 format.
            -- UTF8: Encodes in UTF-8 format.
            -- Unknown: The encoding type is unknown or invalid. The data can be treated as binary.
 
        .PARAMETER Passthru
            Output script to console
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptingOptionsObject
            An SMO Scripting Object that can be used to customize the output - see New-DbaScriptingOption
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed
 
        .PARAMETER NoClobber
            Do not overwrite file
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            Append to file
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Backup, Export
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaScript
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript
 
            Exports all jobs on the SQL Server sql2016 instance using a trusted connection - automatically determines filename as .\sql2016-Job-Export-date.sql
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript -Path C:\temp\export.sql -Append
 
            Exports all jobs on the SQL Server sql2016 instance using a trusted connection - Will append the output to the file C:\temp\export.sql if it already exists
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job syspolicy_purge_history, 'Hourly Log Backups' -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin) | Export-DbaScript -Path C:\temp\export.sql
 
            Exports only syspolicy_purge_history and 'Hourly Log Backups' to C:temp\export.sql and uses the SQL login "sqladmin" to login to sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2014 | Export-DbaJob -Passthru | ForEach-Object { $_.Replace('sql2014','sql2016') } | Set-Content -Path C:\temp\export.sql
 
            Exports jobs and replaces all instances of the servername "sql2014" with "sql2016" then writes to C:\temp\export.sql
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
            $options.ScriptDrops = $false
            $options.WithDependencies = $true
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript -ScriptingOptionsObject $options
 
            Exports Agent Jobs with the Scripting Options ScriptDrops set to $false and WithDependencies set to $true.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias("ScriptingOptionObject")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions]$ScriptingOptionsObject,
        [string]$Path,
        [ValidateSet('ASCII', 'BigEndianUnicode', 'Byte', 'String', 'Unicode', 'UTF7', 'UTF8', 'Unknown')]
        [string]$Encoding = 'UTF8',
        [switch]$Passthru,
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $executingUser = [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name
        $commandName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name
        $timeNow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
        $prefixArray = @()
    }

    process {
        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {

            $typename = $object.GetType().ToString()

            if ($typename.StartsWith('Microsoft.SqlServer.')) {
                $shortype = $typename.Split(".")[-1]
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is of type $typename which is not a SQL Management Object. Only SMO objects are supported." -Category InvalidData -Target $object -Continue
            }

            if ($shortype -in "LinkedServer", "Credential", "Login") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Support for $shortype is limited at this time. No passwords, hashed or otherwise, will be exported if they exist."
            }

            # Just gotta add the stuff that Nic Cain added to his script

            if ($shortype -eq "Configuration") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Support for $shortype is limited at this time."
            }

            # Find the server object to pass on to the function
            $parent = $object.parent

            do {
                if ($parent.Urn.Type -ne "Server") {
                    $parent = $parent.Parent
                }
            }
            until (($parent.Urn.Type -eq "Server") -or (-not $parent))

            if (-not $parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find valid SMO server object in input: $object." -Category InvalidData -Target $object -Continue
            }

            $server = $parent
            $serverName = $server.Name.Replace('\', '$')

            if ($ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                $scripter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter $server
                $scripter.Options = $ScriptingOptionsObject
            }

            if (!$passthru) {
                if ($path) {
                    $actualPath = $path
                }
                else {
                    $actualPath = "$serverName-$shortype-Export-$timeNow.sql"
                }
            }

            $prefix = "/*`n`tCreated by $executingUser using dbatools $commandName for objects on $serverName at $(Get-Date)`n`tSee https://dbatools.io/$commandName for more information`n*/"

            if ($passthru) {
                $prefix | Out-String
            }
            else {
                if ($prefixArray -notcontains $actualPath) {

                    if ((Test-Path -Path $actualPath) -and $NoClobber) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "File already exists. If you want to overwrite it remove the -NoClobber parameter. If you want to append data, please Use -Append parameter." -Target $actualPath -Continue
                    }
                    #Only at the first output we use the passed variables Append & NoClobber. For this execution the next ones need to buse -Append
                    $prefix | Out-File -FilePath $actualPath -Encoding $encoding -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
                    $prefixArray += $actualPath
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Exporting $object from $server to $actualPath")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting $object"

                if ($passthru) {
                    if ($ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                        foreach ($script in $scripter.EnumScript($object)) {
                            $script | Out-String
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $object.Script() | Out-String
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if ($ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                        foreach ($script in $scripter.EnumScript($object)) {
                            $script | Out-File -FilePath $actualPath -Encoding $encoding -Append
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $object.Script() | Out-File -FilePath $actualPath -Encoding $encoding -Append
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!$passthru) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exported $object on $server to $actualPath"
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports advanced sp_configure global configuration options to sql file.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports advanced sp_configure global configuration options to sql file.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the path to a file which will contain the sp_configure queries necessary to replicate the configuration settings on another instance. This file is suitable for input into Import-DbaSPConfigure.
 
        .PARAMETER Whatif
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sourceserver -Path C:\temp\sp_configure.sql
 
            Exports the SPConfigure settings on sourceserver to the file C:\temp\sp_configure.sql
 
        .OUTPUTS
            File to disk, and string path.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [string]$Path,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    begin {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance $sqlinstance $SqlCredential

        if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
            Write-Error "Windows 2000 is not supported for sp_configure export."
            break
        }

        if ($path.length -eq 0) {
            $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
            $mydocs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('MyDocuments')
            $path = "$mydocs\$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-sp_configure.sql"
        }

    }

    process {
        try {
            Set-Content -Path $path "EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options' , 1; RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE"
        }
        catch {
            throw "Can't write to $path"
        }

        $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
        $server.Configuration.Alter($true)
        foreach ($sourceprop in $server.Configuration.Properties) {
            $displayname = $sourceprop.DisplayName
            $configvalue = $sourceprop.ConfigValue
            Add-Content -Path $path "EXEC sp_configure '$displayname' , $configvalue;"
        }
        Add-Content -Path $path "EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options' , 0;"
        Add-Content -Path $Path "RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE"
        $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
        $server.Configuration.Alter($true)
        return $path
    }

    end {
        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()

        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing finished message")) {
            Write-Output "Server configuration export finished"
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-SqlSpConfigure
    }
}
function Export-DbaUser {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports users creation and its permissions to a T-SQL file or host.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports users creation and its permissions to a T-SQL file or host. Export includes user, create and add to role(s), database level permissions, object level permissions.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance name. SQL Server 2000 and above supported.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER User
            Export only the specified database user(s). If not specified will export all users from the database(s)
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationVersion
            To say to which version the script should be generated. If not specified will use database compatibility level
 
        .PARAMETER FilePath
            The file to write to.
 
        .PARAMETER NoClobber
            Do not overwrite file
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            Append to file
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptingOptionsObject
            A Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions object with the options that you want to use to generate the t-sql script.
            You can use the NEw-DbaScriptingOption to generate it.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
            If specified, will NOT script the 'GO' batch separator.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: User, Export
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaUser
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sql2005 -FilePath C:\temp\sql2005-users.sql
 
            Exports SQL for the users in server "sql2005" and writes them to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-users.sql"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a $scred -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql -Append
 
            Authenticates to sqlserver2014a using SQL Authentication. Exports all users to C:\temp\users.sql, and appends to the file if it exists. If not, the file will be created.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -User User1, User2 -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql
 
            Exports ONLY users User1 and User2 fron sqlsever2014a to the file C:\temp\users.sql
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -User User1 -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql -DestinationVersion SQLServer2016
 
            Exports user User1 fron sqlsever2008 to the file C:\temp\users.sql with sintax to run on SQL Server 2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Database db1,db2 -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql
 
            Exports ONLY users from db1 and db2 database on sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\users.sql file.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
            $options.ScriptDrops = $false
            $options.WithDependencies = $true
 
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Database db1,db2 -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql -ScriptingOptionsObject $options
 
            Exports ONLY users from db1 and db2 database on sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\users.sql file.
            It will not script drops but will script dependencies.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Database db1,db2 -FilePath C:\temp\users.sql -ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
 
            Exports ONLY users from db1 and db2 database on sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\users.sql file without the 'GO' batch separator.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    [OutputType([String])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$User,
        [ValidateSet('SQLServer2000', 'SQLServer2005', 'SQLServer2008/2008R2', 'SQLServer2012', 'SQLServer2014', 'SQLServer2016', 'SQLServer2017')]
        [string]$DestinationVersion,
        [Alias("OutFile", "Path", "FileName")]
        [string]$FilePath,
        [Alias("NoOverwrite")]
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions]$ScriptingOptionsObject = $null,
        [switch]$ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
    )

    begin {
        if ($FilePath) {
            if ($FilePath -notlike "*\*") { $FilePath = ".\$filepath" }
            $directory = Split-Path $FilePath
            $exists = Test-Path $directory

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parent directory $directory does not exist"
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Attempting to connect to SQL Servers.."
        }

        $outsql = @()

        $versions = @{
            'SQLServer2000'        = 'Version80'
            'SQLServer2005'        = 'Version90'
            'SQLServer2008/2008R2' = 'Version100'
            'SQLServer2012'        = 'Version110'
            'SQLServer2014'        = 'Version120'
            'SQLServer2016'        = 'Version130'
            'SQLServer2017'        = 'Version140'
        }

        $versionName = @{
            'Version80'  = 'SQLServer2000'
            'Version90'  = 'SQLServer2005'
            'Version100' = 'SQLServer2008/2008R2'
            'Version110' = 'SQLServer2012'
            'Version120' = 'SQLServer2014'
            'Version130' = 'SQLServer2016'
            'Version140' = 'SQLServer2017'
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $sqlinstance"
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
        }

        if (!$database) {
            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
        }
        else {
            if ($pipedatabase) {
                $source = $pipedatabase[0].parent.name
                $databases = $pipedatabase.name
            }
            else {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and ($database -contains $_.Name) }
            }
        }

        if ($exclude) {
            $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        if (@($databases).Count -gt 0) {

            #Database Permissions
            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) {
                    #Get compatibility level for scripting the objects
                    $scriptVersion = $db.CompatibilityLevel
                }
                else {
                    $scriptVersion = $versions[$destinationVersion]
                }
                $versionNameDesc = $versionName[$scriptVersion.ToString()]

                #If not passed create new ScriptingOption. Otherwise use the one that was passed
                if ($null -eq $ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject = New-DbaScriptingOption
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.TargetServerVersion = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlServerVersion]::$scriptVersion
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.AllowSystemObjects = $false
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.IncludeDatabaseRoleMemberships = $true
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.ContinueScriptingOnError = $false
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.IncludeDatabaseContext = $false
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.IncludeIfNotExists = $true
                }

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Validating users on database $db"

                if ($User.Count -eq 0) {
                    $users = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.Name -notlike "##*" }
                }
                else {
                    if ($pipedatabase) {
                        $source = $pipedatabase[3].parent.name
                        $users = $pipedatabase.name
                    }
                    else {
                        $users = $db.Users | Where-Object { $User -contains $_.Name -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.Name -notlike "##*" }
                    }
                }
                # Store roles between users so if we hit the same one we dont create it again
                $roles = @()
                if ($users.Count -gt 0) {
                    foreach ($dbuser in $users) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Generating script for user $dbuser"

                        #setting database
                        $outsql += "USE [" + $db.Name + "]"

                        try {
                            #Fixed Roles #Dependency Issue. Create Role, before add to role.
                            foreach ($rolePermission in ($db.Roles | Where-Object { $_.IsFixedRole -eq $false })) {
                                foreach ($rolePermissionScript in $rolePermission.Script($ScriptingOptionsObject)) {
                                    if ($rolePermission.ToString() -notin $roles) {
                                        $roles += , $rolePermission.ToString()
                                        $outsql += "$($rolePermissionScript.ToString())"
                                    }

                                }
                            }

                            #Database Create User(s) and add to Role(s)
                            foreach ($dbUserPermissionScript in $dbuser.Script($ScriptingOptionsObject)) {
                                if ($dbuserPermissionScript.Contains("sp_addrolemember")) {
                                    $execute = "EXEC "
                                }
                                else {
                                    $execute = ""
                                }
                                $outsql += "$execute$($dbUserPermissionScript.ToString())"
                            }

                            #Database Permissions
                            foreach ($databasePermission in $db.EnumDatabasePermissions() | Where-Object { @("sa", "dbo", "information_schema", "sys") -notcontains $_.Grantee -and $_.Grantee -notlike "##*" -and ($dbuser.Name -contains $_.Grantee) }) {
                                if ($databasePermission.PermissionState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                                    $withGrant = " WITH GRANT OPTION"
                                    $grantDatabasePermission = 'GRANT'
                                }
                                else {
                                    $withGrant = " "
                                    $grantDatabasePermission = $databasePermission.PermissionState.ToString().ToUpper()
                                }

                                $outsql += "$($grantDatabasePermission) $($databasePermission.PermissionType) TO [$($databasePermission.Grantee)]$withGrant AS [$($databasePermission.Grantor)];"
                            }

                            #Database Object Permissions
                            # NB: This is a bit of a mess for a couple of reasons
                            # 1. $db.EnumObjectPermissions() doesn't enumerate all object types
                            # 2. Some (x)Collection types can have EnumObjectPermissions() called
                            # on them directly (e.g. AssemblyCollection); others can't (e.g.
                            # ApplicationRoleCollection). Those that can't we iterate the
                            # collection explicitly and add each object's permission.

                            $perms = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

                            $null = $perms.AddRange($db.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))

                            foreach ($item in $db.ApplicationRoles) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.Assemblies) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.Certificates) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.DatabaseRoles) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.FullTextCatalogs) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.FullTextStopLists) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.SearchPropertyLists) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.MessageTypes) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.RemoteServiceBindings) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.Routes) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.ServiceContracts) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.Services) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            if ($scriptVersion -ne "Version80") {
                                foreach ($item in $db.AsymmetricKeys) {
                                    $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                                }
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.SymmetricKeys) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.XmlSchemaCollections) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($objectPermission in $perms | Where-Object { @("sa", "dbo", "information_schema", "sys") -notcontains $_.Grantee -and $_.Grantee -notlike "##*" -and $_.Grantee -eq $dbuser.Name }) {
                                switch ($objectPermission.ObjectClass) {
                                    'ApplicationRole' {
                                        $object = 'APPLICATION ROLE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'AsymmetricKey' {
                                        $object = 'ASYMMETRIC KEY::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'Certificate' {
                                        $object = 'CERTIFICATE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'DatabaseRole' {
                                        $object = 'ROLE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'FullTextCatalog' {
                                        $object = 'FULLTEXT CATALOG::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'FullTextStopList' {
                                        $object = 'FULLTEXT STOPLIST::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'MessageType' {
                                        $object = 'Message Type::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'ObjectOrColumn' {
                                        if ($scriptVersion -ne "Version80") {
                                            $object = 'OBJECT::[{0}].[{1}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectSchema, $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                            if ($null -ne $objectPermission.ColumnName) {
                                                $object += '([{0}])' -f $objectPermission.ColumnName
                                            }
                                        }
                                        #At SQL Server 2000 OBJECT did not exists
                                        else {
                                            $object = '[{0}].[{1}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectSchema, $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                        }
                                    }
                                    'RemoteServiceBinding' {
                                        $object = 'REMOTE SERVICE BINDING::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'Schema' {
                                        $object = 'SCHEMA::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'SearchPropertyList' {
                                        $object = 'SEARCH PROPERTY LIST::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'Service' {
                                        $object = 'SERVICE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'ServiceContract' {
                                        $object = 'CONTRACT::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'ServiceRoute' {
                                        $object = 'ROUTE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'SqlAssembly' {
                                        $object = 'ASSEMBLY::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'SymmetricKey' {
                                        $object = 'SYMMETRIC KEY::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'User' {
                                        $object = 'USER::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'UserDefinedType' {
                                        $object = 'TYPE::[{0}].[{1}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectSchema, $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'XmlNamespace' {
                                        $object = 'XML SCHEMA COLLECTION::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                }

                                if ($objectPermission.PermissionState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                                    $withGrant = " WITH GRANT OPTION"
                                    $grantObjectPermission = 'GRANT'
                                }
                                else {
                                    $withGrant = " "
                                    $grantObjectPermission = $objectPermission.PermissionState.ToString().ToUpper()
                                }

                                $outsql += "$grantObjectPermission $($objectPermission.PermissionType) ON $object TO [$($objectPermission.Grantee)]$withGrant AS [$($objectPermission.Grantor)];"
                            }

                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "This user may be using functionality from $($versionName[$db.CompatibilityLevel.ToString()]) that does not exist on the destination version ($versionNameDesc)." -Continue -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $db
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No users found on database '$db'"
                }

                #reset collection
                $users = $null
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No users found on instance '$server'"
        }
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($ExcludeGoBatchSeparator) {
            $sql = $outsql
        }
        else {
            $sql = $outsql -join "`r`nGO`r`n"
            #add the final GO
            $sql += "`r`nGO"
        }

        if ($FilePath) {
            $sql | Out-File -Encoding UTF8 -FilePath $FilePath -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
        }
        else {
            $sql
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-SqlUser
    }
}
function Export-DbaXECsv {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports Extended Events to a CSV file
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports Extended Events to a CSV file
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the InputObject to the output CSV file
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Allows Piping
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaXECsv
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-ChildItem -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Export-DbaXECsv -Path c:\temp\sample.csv
 
            Writes Extended Events data to the file "C:\temp\events.csv"
 
         .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2014 -Session deadlocks | Export-DbaXECsv -Path c:\temp\events.csv
 
            Writes Extended Events data to the file "C:\temp\events.csv"
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }

        function Get-FileFromXE ($InputObject) {
            if ($InputObject.TargetFile) {
                if ($InputObject.TargetFile.Length -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "This session does not have an associated Target File."
                    return
                }

                $instance = [dbainstance]$InputObject.ComputerName

                if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                    $xelpath = $InputObject.TargetFile
                }
                else {
                    $xelpath = $InputObject.RemoteTargetFile
                }

                if ($xelpath -notmatch ".xel") {
                    $xelpath = "$xelpath*.xel"
                }

                try {
                    Get-ChildItem -Path $xelpath -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $getfiles = Get-FileFromXE $InputObject

        if ($getfiles) {
            $InputObject += $getfiles
        }

        foreach ($file in $InputObject) {
            if ($file -is [System.String]) {
                $currentfile = $file
            }
            elseif ($file -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                $currentfile = $file.FullName
            }
            elseif ($file -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session]) {
                # it was taken care of above
                continue
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported file type."
                return
            }

            $accessible = Test-Path -Path $currentfile
            $whoami = whoami

            if (-not $accessible) {
                if ($file.Status -eq "Stopped") { continue }
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$currentfile cannot be accessed from $($env:COMPUTERNAME). Does $whoami have access?"
            }

            if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
                if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty([IO.Path]::GetExtension($Path))) {
                    New-Item $Path -ItemType directory | Out-Null
                    $outDir = $Path
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($currentfile) + ".csv"
                }
                else {
                    $outDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($Path)
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileName($Path)
                }
            }
            else {
                if ((Get-Item $Path) -is [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
                    $outDir = $Path
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($currentfile) + ".csv"
                }
                else {
                    $outDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($Path)
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileName($Path)
                }
            }

            $adapter = New-Object XESmartTarget.Core.Utils.XELFileCSVAdapter
            $adapter.InputFile = $currentfile
            $adapter.OutputFile = (Join-Path $outDir $outFile)

            try {
                $adapter.Convert()
                $file = Get-ChildItem -Path $adapter.OutputFile
                
                if ($file.Length -eq 0) {
                    Remove-Item -Path $adapter.OutputFile
                }
                else {
                    $file
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exports an XESession XML Template.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exports an XESession XML Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify. Exports to "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates" by default
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            The Name of the session(s) to export.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to export the file into. Can be .xml or directory.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Specifies an XE Session output by Get-DbaXESession.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Export-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Path C:\temp\xe
 
            Exports XE Session Template to the C:\temp\xe folder.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session session_health | Export-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path C:\temp
 
            Returns a new XE Session object from sql2017 then adds an event, an action then creates it.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Session,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates",
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $InputObject += Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session -EnableException
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }

        foreach ($xes in $InputObject) {
            $xesname = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars -Name $xes.Name

            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Path does not exist." -Target $Path
            }

            if ($path.EndsWith(".xml")) {
                $filename = $path
            }
            else {
                $filename = "$path\$xesname.xml"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Wrote $xesname to $filename"
            [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore]::SaveSessionToTemplate($xes, $filename, $true)
            Get-ChildItem -Path $filename
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find-DbaAgentJob finds agent job/s that fit certain search filters.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command filters SQL Agent jobs giving the DBA a list of jobs that may need attention or could possibly be options for removal.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
        .PARAMETER JobName
            Filter agent jobs to only the name(s) you list.
            Supports regular expression (e.g. MyJob*) being passed in.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJobName
            Allows you to enter an array of agent job names to ignore
 
        .PARAMETER StepName
            Filter based on StepName.
            Supports regular expression (e.g. MyJob*) being passed in.
 
        .PARAMETER LastUsed
            Find all jobs that havent ran in the INT number of previous day(s)
 
        .PARAMETER IsDisabled
            Find all jobs that are disabled
 
        .PARAMETER IsFailed
            Find all jobs that have failed
 
        .PARAMETER IsNotScheduled
            Find all jobs with no schedule assigned
 
        .PARAMETER IsNoEmailNotification
            Find all jobs without email notification configured
 
        .PARAMETER Category
            Filter based on agent job categories
 
        .PARAMETER Owner
            Filter based on owner of the job/s
 
        .PARAMETER Since
            Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Job
            Author: Stephen Bennett (https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaAgentJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -JobName backup*
 
            Returns all agent job(s) that have backup in the name
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01, Dev02 -JobName Mybackup
 
            Returns all agent job(s) that are named exactly Mybackup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -LastUsed 10
 
            Returns all agent job(s) that have not ran in 10 days
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -IsDisabled -IsNoEmailNotification -IsNotScheduled
 
            Returns all agent job(s) that are either disabled, have no email notification or don't have a schedule. returned with detail
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers | Find-DbaAgentJob -IsFailed | Start-DbaAgentJob
 
            Finds all failed job then starts them. Consider using a -WhatIf at the end of Start-DbaAgentJob to see what it'll do first
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -LastUsed 10 -Exclude "Yearly - RollUp Workload", "SMS - Notification"
 
            Returns all agent jobs that havent ran in the last 10 ignoring jobs "Yearly - RollUp Workload" and "SMS - Notification"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -Category "REPL-Distribution", "REPL-Snapshot" -Detailed | Format-Table -AutoSize -Wrap
 
            Returns all job/s on Dev01 that are in either category "REPL-Distribution" or "REPL-Snapshot" with detailed output
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01, Dev02 -IsFailed -Since '7/1/2016 10:47:00'
 
            Returns all agent job(s) that have failed since July of 2016 (and still have history in msdb)
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance CMSServer -Group Production | Find-DbaAgentJob -Disabled -IsNotScheduled | Format-Table -AutoSize -Wrap
 
            Queries CMS server to return all SQL instances in the Production folder and then list out all agent jobs that have either been disabled or have no schedule.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Name")]
        [string[]]$JobName,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJobName,
        [string[]]$StepName,
        [int]$LastUsed,
        [Alias("Disabled")]
        [switch]$IsDisabled,
        [Alias("Failed")]
        [switch]$IsFailed,
        [Alias("NoSchedule")]
        [switch]$IsNotScheduled,
        [Alias("NoEmailNotification")]
        [switch]$IsNoEmailNotification,
        [string[]]$Category,
        [string]$Owner,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($IsFailed, [boolean]$JobName, [boolean]$StepName, [boolean]$LastUsed.ToString(), $IsDisabled, $IsNotScheduled, $IsNoEmailNotification, [boolean]$Category, [boolean]$Owner, [boolean]$ExcludeJobName -notcontains $true) {
            Stop-Function -Message "At least one search term must be specified"
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Running Scan on: $instance"

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $server.JobServer.jobs
            $output = @()

            if ($IsFailed) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for failed jobs."
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object LastRunOutcome -eq "Failed"
            }

            if ($JobName) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Retrieving jobs by their name."
                $output += Get-JobList -SqlInstance $server -JobFilter $JobName
            }

            if ($StepName) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Retrieving jobs by their step names."
                $output += Get-JobList -SqlInstance $server -StepFilter $StepName
            }

            if ($LastUsed) {
                $DaysBack = $LastUsed * -1
                $SinceDate = (Get-date).AddDays($DaysBack)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s not ran in last $LastUsed days"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object { $_.LastRunDate -le $SinceDate }
            }

            if ($IsDisabled) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that are disabled"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object IsEnabled -eq $false
            }

            if ($IsNotScheduled) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that have no schedule defined"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object HasSchedule -eq $false
            }
            if ($IsNoEmailNotification) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that have no email operator defined"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object { [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.OperatorToEmail) -eq $true }
            }

            if ($Category) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that have the specified category defined"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object { $Category -contains $_.Category }
            }

            if ($Owner) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s with owner critera"
                if ($Owner -match "-") {
                    $OwnerMatch = $Owner -replace "-", ""
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for jobs that NOT owned by: $OwnerMatch"
                    $output += $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $OwnerMatch -notcontains $_.OwnerLoginName }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for jobs that are owned by: $owner"
                    $output += $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $Owner -contains $_.OwnerLoginName }
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Excluding job/s based on Exclude"
                $output = $output | Where-Object { $Exclude -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($Since) {
                #$Since = $Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting only jobs whose LastRunDate is greater than or equal to $since"
                $output = $output | Where-Object { $_.LastRunDate -ge $since }
            }

            $jobs = $output | Select-Object -Unique

            foreach ($job in $jobs) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name JobName -value $job.Name


                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $job -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Category, OwnerLoginName, CurrentRunStatus, CurrentRunRetryAttempt, 'IsEnabled as Enabled', LastRunDate, LastRunOutcome, DateCreated, HasSchedule, OperatorToEmail, 'DateCreated as CreateDate'
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Find-DbaBackup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Finds SQL Server backups on disk.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Provides all of the same functionality for finding SQL backups to remove from disk as a standard maintenance plan would.
 
            As an addition you have the ability to check the Archive bit on files before deletion. This will allow you to ensure backups have been archived to your archive location before removal.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the name of the base level folder to search for backup files.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupFileExtension
            Specifies the filename extension of the backup files you wish to find (typically 'bak', 'trn' or 'log'). Do not include the period.
 
        .PARAMETER RetentionPeriod
            Specifies the retention period for backup files. Correct format is ##U.
 
            ## is the retention value and must be an integer value
            U signifies the units where the valid units are:
            h = hours
            d = days
            w = weeks
            m = months
 
            Formatting Examples:
            '48h' = 48 hours
            '7d' = 7 days
            '4w' = 4 weeks
            '1m' = 1 month
 
        .PARAMETER CheckArchiveBit
            If this switch is enabled, the filesystem Archive bit is checked.
            If this bit is set (which translates to "it has not been backed up to another location yet"), the file won't be included.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage, DisasterRecovery, Backup
            Author: Chris Sommer, @cjsommer, www.cjsommer.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaBackup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' -BackupFileExtension trn -RetentionPeriod 48h
 
            '*.trn' files in 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 48 hours old will be included.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' -BackupFileExtension bak -RetentionPeriod 7d -CheckArchiveBit
 
            '*.bak' files in 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 7 days old will be included, but only if the files have been backed up to another location as verified by checking the Archive bit.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = "Full path to the root level backup folder (ex. 'C:\SQL\Backups'")]
        [Alias("BackupFolder")]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = "Backup File extension to remove (ex. bak, trn, dif)")]
        [string]$BackupFileExtension ,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = "Backup retention period. (ex. 24h, 7d, 4w, 6m)")]
        [string]$RetentionPeriod ,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$CheckArchiveBit = $false ,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        ### Local Functions
        function Convert-UserFriendlyRetentionToDatetime {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param (
                [string]$UserFriendlyRetention
            )

            <#
            Convert a user friendly retention value into a datetime.
            The last character of the string will indicate units (validated)
            Valid units are: (h = hours, d = days, w = weeks, m = months)
 
            The preceeding characters are the value and must be an integer (validated)
 
            Examples:
                '48h' = 48 hours
                '7d' = 7 days
                '4w' = 4 weeks
                '1m' = 1 month
            #>

            [int]$Length = ($UserFriendlyRetention).Length
            $Value = ($UserFriendlyRetention).Substring(0, $Length - 1)
            $Units = ($UserFriendlyRetention).Substring($Length - 1, 1)

            # Validate that $Units is an accepted unit of measure
            if ( $Units -notin @('h', 'd', 'w', 'm') ) {
                throw "RetentionPeriod '$UserFriendlyRetention' units invalid! See Get-Help for correct formatting and examples."
            }

            # Validate that $Value is an INT
            if ( ![int]::TryParse($Value, [ref]"") ) {
                throw "RetentionPeriod '$UserFriendlyRetention' format invalid! See Get-Help for correct formatting and examples."
            }

            switch ($Units) {
                'h' { $UnitString = 'Hours'; [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddHours( - $Value)  }
                'd' { $UnitString = 'Days'; [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddDays( - $Value)   }
                'w' { $UnitString = 'Weeks'; [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddDays( - $Value * 7) }
                'm' { $UnitString = 'Months'; [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddMonths( - $Value) }
            }
            $ReturnDatetime
        }

        # Validations
        # Ensure BackupFileExtension does not begin with a .
        if ($BackupFileExtension -match "^[.]") {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parameter -BackupFileExtension begins with a period '$BackupFileExtension'. A period is automatically prepended to -BackupFileExtension and need not be passed in."
        }
        # Ensure Path is a proper path
        if (!(Test-Path $Path -PathType 'Container')) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path not found"
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        # Process stuff
        Write-Message -Message "Finding backups on $Path" -Level Verbose
        # Convert Retention Value to an actual DateTime
        try {
            $RetentionDate = Convert-UserFriendlyRetentionToDatetime -UserFriendlyRetention $RetentionPeriod
            Write-Message -Message "Backup Retention Date set to $RetentionDate" -Level Verbose
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret retention time!" -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        # Filter out unarchived files if -CheckArchiveBit parameter is used
        if ($CheckArchiveBit) {
            Write-Message -Message "Removing only archived files." -Level Verbose
            filter DbaArchiveBitFilter {
                if ($_.Attributes -notmatch "Archive") {
                    $_
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            filter DbaArchiveBitFilter {
                $_
            }
        }
        # Enumeration may take a while. Without resorting to "esoteric" file listing facilities
        # and given we need to fetch at least the LastWriteTime, let's just use "streaming" processing
        # here to avoid issues like described in #970
        Get-ChildItem $Path -Filter "*.$BackupFileExtension" -File -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable EnumErrors |
            Where-Object LastWriteTime -lt $RetentionDate | DbaArchiveBitFilter
        if ($EnumErrors) {
            Write-Message "Errors encountered enumerating files." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $EnumErrors
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaCommand {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Finds dbatools commands searching through the inline help text
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Finds dbatools commands searching through the inline help text, building a consolidated json index and querying it because Get-Help is too slow
 
        .PARAMETER Tag
            Finds all commands tagged with this auto-populated tag
 
        .PARAMETER Author
            Finds all commands tagged with this author
 
        .PARAMETER MinimumVersion
            Finds all commands tagged with this auto-populated minimum version
 
        .PARAMETER MaximumVersion
            Finds all commands tagged with this auto-populated maximum version
 
        .PARAMETER Rebuild
            Rebuilds the index
 
        .PARAMETER Pattern
            Searches help for all commands in dbatools for the specified pattern and displays all results
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Confirms overwrite of index
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Displays what would happen if the command is run
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Find,Help,Command
            Author: Simone Bizzotto
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaCommand
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand "snapshot"
 
            For lazy typers: finds all commands searching the entire help for "snapshot"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand -Pattern "snapshot"
 
            For rigorous typers: finds all commands searching the entire help for "snapshot"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand -Tag copy
 
            Finds all commands tagged with "copy"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand -Tag copy,user
 
            Finds all commands tagged with BOTH "copy" and "user"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand -Author chrissy
 
            Finds every command whose author contains our beloved "chrissy"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand -Author chrissy -Tag copy
 
            Finds every command whose author contains our beloved "chrissy" and it tagged as "copy"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaCommand -Pattern snapshot -Rebuild
 
            Finds all commands searching the entire help for "snapshot", rebuilding the index (good for developers)
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [String]$Pattern,
        [String[]]$Tag,
        [String]$Author,
        [String]$MinimumVersion,
        [String]$MaximumVersion,
        [switch]$Rebuild,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $tagsRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}Tags:(.*)$')
        $authorRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}Author:(.*)$')
        $minverRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}MinimumVersion:(.*)$')
        $maxverRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}MaximumVersion:(.*)$')

        function Get-DbaHelp([String]$commandName) {
            $thishelp = Get-Help $commandName -Full
            $thebase = @{ }
            $thebase.CommandName = $commandName
            $thebase.Name = $thishelp.Name

            ## fetch the description
            $thebase.Description = $thishelp.Description.Text

            ## fetch examples
            $thebase.Examples = $thishelp.Examples | Out-String -Width 120

            ## fetch help link
            $thebase.Links = ($thishelp.relatedLinks).NavigationLink.Uri

            ## fetch the synopsis
            $thebase.Synopsis = $thishelp.Synopsis

            ## store notes
            $as = $thishelp.AlertSet | Out-String -Width 120

            ## fetch the tags
            $tags = $tagsrex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($tags) {
                $thebase.Tags = $tags.Split(',').Trim()
            }
            ## fetch the author
            $author = $authorRex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($author) {
                $thebase.Author = $author.Trim()
            }

            ## fetch MinimumVersion
            $MinimumVersion = $minverRex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($MinimumVersion) {
                $thebase.MinimumVersion = $MinimumVersion.Trim()
            }

            ## fetch MaximumVersion
            $MaximumVersion = $maxverRex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($MaximumVersion) {
                $thebase.MaximumVersion = $MaximumVersion.Trim()
            }

            [pscustomobject]$thebase
        }

        function Get-DbaIndex() {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dest, "Recreating index")) {
                $dbamodule = Get-Module -Name dbatools
                $allCommands = $dbamodule.ExportedCommands.Values | Where-Object CommandType -EQ 'Function'

                $helpcoll = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[System.Object]
                foreach ($command in $allCommands) {
                    $x = Get-DbaHelp "$command"
                    $helpcoll.Add($x)
                }
                # $dest = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'Path.TagCache' -Fallback "$(Resolve-Path $PSScriptRoot\..)\dbatools-index.json"
                $dest = "$moduleDirectory\bin\dbatools-index.json"
                $helpcoll | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File $dest -Encoding UTF8
            }
        }

        $moduleDirectory = (Get-Module -Name dbatools).ModuleBase
    }
    process {
        $Pattern = $Pattern.TrimEnd("s")
        $idxFile = "$moduleDirectory\bin\dbatools-index.json"
        if (!(Test-Path $idxFile) -or $Rebuild) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Rebuilding index into $idxFile"
            $swRebuild = [system.diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
            Get-DbaIndex
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Rebuild done in $($swRebuild.ElapsedMilliseconds)ms"
        }
        $consolidated = Get-Content -Raw $idxFile | ConvertFrom-Json
        $result = $consolidated
        if ($Pattern.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object { $_.PsObject.Properties.Value -like "*$Pattern*" }
        }

        if ($Tag.Length -gt 0) {
            foreach ($t in $Tag) {
                $result = $result | Where-Object Tags -Contains $t
            }
        }

        if ($Author.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object Author -Like "*$Author*"
        }

        if ($MinimumVersion.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object MinimumVersion -GE $MinimumVersion
        }

        if ($MaximumVersion.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object MaximumVersion -LE $MaximumVersion
        }

        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property CommandName, Synopsis
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaDatabase {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find database/s on multiple servers that match criteria you input
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Allows you to search SQL Server instances for database that have either the same name, owner or service broker guid.
 
            There a several reasons for the service broker guid not matching on a restored database primarily using alter database new broker. or turn off broker to return a guid of 0000-0000-0000-0000.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER Property
            What you would like to search on. Either Database Name, Owner, or Service Broker GUID. Database name is the default.
 
        .PARAMETER Pattern
            Value that is searched for. This is a regular expression match but you can just use a plain ol string like 'dbareports'
 
        .PARAMETER Exact
            Search for an exact match instead of a pattern
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be depreciated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database
            Author: Stephen Bennett: https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDatabase
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "DEV01", "DEV02", "UAT01", "UAT02", "PROD01", "PROD02" -Pattern Report
 
            Returns all database from the SqlInstances that have a database with Report in the name
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "DEV01", "DEV02", "UAT01", "UAT02", "PROD01", "PROD02" -Pattern TestDB -Exact | Select-Object *
 
            Returns all database from the SqlInstances that have a database named TestDB with a detailed output.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "DEV01", "DEV02", "UAT01", "UAT02", "PROD01", "PROD02" -Property ServiceBrokerGuid -Pattern '-faeb-495a-9898-f25a782835f5' | Select-Object *
 
            Returns all database from the SqlInstances that have the same Service Broker GUID with a deatiled output
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('Name', 'ServiceBrokerGuid', 'Owner')]
        [string]$Property = 'Name',
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$Exact,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($exact -eq $true) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible | Where-Object { $_.$property -eq $pattern }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible | Where-Object { $_.$property.ToString() -match $pattern }
                }
                catch {
                    # they probably put asterisks thinking it's a like
                    $Pattern = $Pattern -replace '\*', ''
                    $Pattern = $Pattern -replace '\%', ''
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.$property.ToString() -match $pattern }
                }
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                $extendedproperties = @()
                foreach ($xp in $db.ExtendedProperties) {
                    $extendedproperties += [PSCustomObject]@{
                        Name  = $db.ExtendedProperties[$xp.Name].Name
                        Value = $db.ExtendedProperties[$xp.Name].Value
                    }
                }

                if ($extendedproperties.count -eq 0) { $extendedproperties = 0 }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance        = $server.Name
                    Name               = $db.Name
                    SizeMB             = $db.Size
                    Owner              = $db.Owner
                    CreateDate         = $db.CreateDate
                    ServiceBrokerGuid  = $db.ServiceBrokerGuid
                    Tables             = ($db.Tables | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Count
                    StoredProcedures   = ($db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Count
                    Views              = ($db.Views | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Count
                    ExtendedProperties = $extendedproperties
                    Database           = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database, ExtendedProperties, ServiceBrokerGuid, StoredProcedures, Tables, Views
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Find-DbaDbGrowthEvent {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Finds any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Finds any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace.
 
            The following events are included:
                92 - Data File Auto Grow
                93 - Log File Auto Grow
                94 - Data File Auto Shrink
                95 - Log File Auto Shrink
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER EventType
            Provide a filter on growth event type to filter the results.
 
            Allowed values: Growth, Shrink
 
        .PARAMETER FileType
            Provide a filter on file type to filter the results.
 
            Allowed vaules: Data, Log
 
        .PARAMETER UseLocalTime
            Return the local time of the instance instead of converting to UTC.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: AutoGrow,Growth,Database
            Author: Aaron Nelson
            Query Extracted from SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 2016.
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace with UTC time for the instance for every database on the localhost instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance localhost -UseLocalTime
 
            Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace with the local time of the instance for every database on the localhost instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016, ServerA\SQL2014
 
            Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Traces for every database on ServerA\sql2016 & ServerA\SQL2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016 | Format-Table -AutoSize -Wrap
 
            Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace for every database on the ServerA\SQL2016 instance in a table format.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016 -EventType Shrink
 
            Returns any database Auto Shrink events in the Default Trace for every database on the ServerA\SQL2016 instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016 -EventType Growth -FileType Data
 
            Returns any database Auto Growth events on data files in the Default Trace for every database on the ServerA\SQL2016 instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet('Growth', 'Shrink')]
        [string]$EventType,
        [ValidateSet('Data', 'Log')]
        [string]$FileType,
        [switch]$UseLocalTime,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $eventClass = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
        92..95 | ForEach-Object { $null = $eventClass.Add($_) }

        if (Test-Bound 'EventType', 'FileType') {
            switch ($FileType) {
                'Data' {
                    <# should only contain events for data: 92 (grow), 94 (shrink) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(93)
                    $eventClass.Remove(95)
                }
                'Log' {
                    <# should only contain events for log: 93 (grow), 95 (shrink) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(92)
                    $eventClass.Remove(94)
                }
            }
            switch ($EventType) {
                'Growth' {
                    <# should only contain events for growth: 92 (data), 93 (log) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(94)
                    $eventClass.Remove(95)
                }
                'Shrink' {
                    <# should only contain events for shrink: 94 (data), 95 (log) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(92)
                    $eventClass.Remove(93)
                }
            }
        }

        $eventClassFilter = $eventClass -join ","

        $sql = "
            BEGIN TRY
                IF (SELECT CONVERT(INT,[value_in_use]) FROM sys.configurations WHERE [name] = 'default trace enabled' ) = 1
                    BEGIN
                        DECLARE @curr_tracefilename VARCHAR(500);
                        DECLARE @base_tracefilename VARCHAR(500);
                        DECLARE @indx INT;
 
                        SELECT @curr_tracefilename = [path]
                        FROM sys.traces
                        WHERE is_default = 1 ;
 
                        SET @curr_tracefilename = REVERSE(@curr_tracefilename);
                        SELECT @indx = PATINDEX('%\%', @curr_tracefilename);
                        SET @curr_tracefilename = REVERSE(@curr_tracefilename);
                        SET @base_tracefilename = LEFT( @curr_tracefilename,LEN(@curr_tracefilename) - @indx) + '\log.trc';
 
                        SELECT
                            SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                            CONVERT(INT,(DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY [StartTime] DESC))%2) AS OrderRank,
                                CONVERT(INT, [EventClass]) AS EventClass,
                            [DatabaseName],
                            [Filename],
                            CONVERT(INT,(Duration/1000)) AS Duration,
                            $(if (-not $UseLocalTime) { "
                            DATEADD (MINUTE, DATEDIFF(MINUTE, GETDATE(), GETUTCDATE()), [StartTime]) AS StartTime, -- Convert to UTC time
                            DATEADD (MINUTE, DATEDIFF(MINUTE, GETDATE(), GETUTCDATE()), [EndTime]) AS EndTime, -- Convert to UTC time"
                            }
                            else { "
                            [StartTime] AS StartTime,
                            [EndTime] AS EndTime,"
                            })
                            ([IntegerData]*8.0/1024) AS ChangeInSize,
                            ApplicationName,
                            HostName,
                            SessionLoginName,
                            SPID
                        FROM::fn_trace_gettable( @base_tracefilename, DEFAULT )
                        WHERE
                            [EventClass] IN ($eventClassFilter)
                            AND [ServerName] = @@SERVERNAME
                            AND [DatabaseName] IN (_DatabaseList_)
                        ORDER BY [StartTime] DESC;
                    END
                ELSE
                    SELECT
                        SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                        -100 AS [OrderRank],
                        -1 AS [OrderRank],
                        0 AS [EventClass],
                        0 [DatabaseName],
                        0 AS [Filename],
                        0 AS [Duration],
                        0 AS [StartTime],
                        0 AS [EndTime],
                        0 AS ChangeInSize,
                        0 AS [ApplicationName],
                        0 AS [HostName],
                        0 AS [SessionLoginName],
                        0 AS [SPID]
            END TRY
            BEGIN CATCH
                SELECT
                    SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                    -100 AS [OrderRank],
                    -100 AS [OrderRank],
                    ERROR_NUMBER() AS [EventClass],
                    ERROR_SEVERITY() AS [DatabaseName],
                    ERROR_STATE() AS [Filename],
                    ERROR_MESSAGE() AS [Duration],
                    1 AS [StartTime],
                    1 AS [EndTime],
                    1 AS [ChangeInSize],
                    1 AS [ApplicationName],
                    1 AS [HostName],
                    1 AS [SessionLoginName],
                    1 AS [SPID]
            END CATCH"

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            #Create dblist name in 'bd1', 'db2' format
            $dbsList = "'$($($dbs | ForEach-Object {$_.Name}) -join "','")'"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing query against $dbsList on $instance"

            $sql = $sql -replace '_DatabaseList_', $dbsList
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL Statement:`n $sql"

            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'EventClass', 'DatabaseName', 'Filename', 'Duration', 'StartTime', 'EndTime', 'ChangeInSize', 'ApplicationName', 'HostName'

            try {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $server.Query($sql) -Property $defaults
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaDisabledIndex {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find Disabled indexes
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command will help you to find disabled indexes on a database or a list of databases
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server you want to check for disabled indexes.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER NoClobber
            If this switch is enabled, the output file will not be overwritten.
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            If this switch is enabled, content will be appended to the output file.
 
            .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Indexes
            Author: Jason Squires, sqlnotnull.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbadisabledIndex
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbadisabledIndex -SqlInstance sql2005
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected disabled indexes on server "sql2005".
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbadisabledIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected disabled indexes on server "sqlserver2016", using SQL Authentication to connect to the database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbadisabledIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -Database db1, db2
 
            Generates the SQL Statement to to drop selected indexes in databases db1 & db2 on server "sqlserver2016".
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbadisabledIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop selected indexes on all user databases.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "
        SELECT DB_NAME() AS 'DatabaseName'
        ,s.name AS 'SchemaName'
        ,t.name AS 'TableName'
        ,i.object_id AS ObjectId
        ,i.name AS 'IndexName'
        ,i.index_id as 'IndexId'
        ,i.type_desc as 'TypeDesc'
        FROM sys.tables t
        JOIN sys.schemas s
            ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
        JOIN sys.indexes i
            ON i.object_id = t.object_id
        WHERE i.is_disabled = 1"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential  -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $instance"
                Continue
            }
            
            if ($database) {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            }
            else {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true
            }
            
            if ($databases.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($db in $databases.name) {
                
                    if ($ExcludeDatabase -contains $db -or $null -eq $server.Databases[$db]) {
                        continue
                    }
                
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Getting indexes from database '$db'."
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
                        $disabledIndex = $server.Databases[$db].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                    
                        if ($disabledIndex.Tables[0].Rows.Count -gt 0) {
                            $results = $disabledIndex.Tables[0];
                            if ($results.Count -gt 0 -or !([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($results))) {
                                foreach ($index in $results) {
                                    $index
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No Disabled indexes found!"
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering indexes" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $db
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlDisabledIndex
    }
}
function Find-DbaDuplicateIndex {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find duplicate and overlapping indexes.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command will help you to find duplicate and overlapping indexes on a database or a list of databases.
 
            On SQL Server 2008 and higher, the IsFiltered property will also be checked
 
            Also tells how much space you can save by dropping the index.
 
            We show the type of compression so you can make a more considered decision.
 
            For now only supports CLUSTERED and NONCLUSTERED indexes.
 
            You can select the indexes you want to drop on the gridview and when clicking OK, the DROP statement will be generated.
 
            Output:
                TableName
                IndexName
                KeyColumns
                IncludedColumns
                IndexSizeMB
                IndexType
                CompressionDescription (When 2008+)
                [RowCount]
                IsDisabled
                IsFiltered (When 2008+)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server you want to check for duplicate indexes.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
             Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeOverlapping
            If this switch is enabled, indexes which are partially duplicated will be returned.
 
            Example: If the first key column is the same between two indexes, but one has included columns and the other not, this will be shown.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the DROP statement(s) will be executed instead of being written to the output file.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDuplicateIndex
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sql2005 -FilePath C:\temp\sql2005-DuplicateIndexes.sql
 
            Generates SQL statements to drop the selected duplicate indexes in server "sql2005" and writes them to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-DuplicateIndexes.sql"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sql2005 -FilePath C:\temp\sql2005-DuplicateIndexes.sql -Append
 
            Generates SQL statements to drop the selected duplicate indexes and writes/appends them to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-DuplicateIndexes.sql"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Finds exact duplicate indexes on all user databases present on sqlserver2014a, using SQL authentication.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2
 
            Finds exact duplicate indexes on the db1 and db2 databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -IncludeOverlapping
 
            Finds both duplicate and overlapping indexes on all user databases.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [switch]$IncludeOverlapping,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $exactDuplicateQuery2005 = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols
            AS (
                SELECT i.[object_id]
                    ,i.index_id
                    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                    ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                    ,NAME AS IndexName
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                    ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                    ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND i.[type_desc] IN (
                        'CLUSTERED'
                        ,'NONCLUSTERED'
                        )
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                )
                ,CTE_IndexSpace
            AS (
                SELECT s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                    ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK) ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                )
            SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                ,CI1.IndexName
                ,CI1.KeyColumns
                ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                ,CI1.IndexType
                ,CSPC.IndexSizeMB
                ,CSPC.[RowCount]
                ,CI1.IsDisabled
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
            INNER JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (
                    SELECT 1
                    FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                    WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                        AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                        AND CI1.KeyColumns = CI2.KeyColumns
                        AND CI1.IncludedColumns = CI2.IncludedColumns
                        AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                    )"

        $overlappingQuery2005 = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols
            AS (
                SELECT i.[object_id]
                    ,i.index_id
                    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                    ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                    ,NAME AS IndexName
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                    ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                    ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND i.[type_desc] IN (
                        'CLUSTERED'
                        ,'NONCLUSTERED'
                        )
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                )
                ,CTE_IndexSpace
            AS (
                SELECT s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                    ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK) ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                )
            SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                ,CI1.IndexName
                ,CI1.KeyColumns
                ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                ,CI1.IndexType
                ,CSPC.IndexSizeMB
                ,CSPC.[RowCount]
                ,CI1.IsDisabled
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
            INNER JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (
                    SELECT 1
                    FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                    WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                        AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                        AND (
                            (
                                CI1.KeyColumns LIKE CI2.KeyColumns + '%'
                                AND SUBSTRING(CI1.KeyColumns, LEN(CI2.KeyColumns) + 1, 1) = ' '
                                )
                            OR (
                                CI2.KeyColumns LIKE CI1.KeyColumns + '%'
                                AND SUBSTRING(CI2.KeyColumns, LEN(CI1.KeyColumns) + 1, 1) = ' '
                                )
                            )
                        AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                    )"

        # Support Compression 2008+
        $exactDuplicateQuery = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols
            AS (
                SELECT i.[object_id]
                    ,i.index_id
                    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                    ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                    ,NAME AS IndexName
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                    ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                    ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                    ,i.has_filter AS IsFiltered
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND i.[type_desc] IN (
                        'CLUSTERED'
                        ,'NONCLUSTERED'
                        )
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                )
                ,CTE_IndexSpace
            AS (
                SELECT s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                    ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                    ,p.data_compression_desc AS CompressionDescription
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK) ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,p.data_compression_desc
                )
            SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                ,CI1.IndexName
                ,CI1.KeyColumns
                ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                ,CI1.IndexType
                ,CSPC.IndexSizeMB
                ,CSPC.CompressionDescription
                ,CSPC.[RowCount]
                ,CI1.IsDisabled
                ,CI1.IsFiltered
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
            INNER JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (
                    SELECT 1
                    FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                    WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                        AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                        AND CI1.KeyColumns = CI2.KeyColumns
                        AND CI1.IncludedColumns = CI2.IncludedColumns
                        AND CI1.IsFiltered = CI2.IsFiltered
                        AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                    )"

        $overlappingQuery = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols AS
            (
                SELECT
                        i.[object_id]
                        ,i.index_id
                        ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                        ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                        ,Name AS IndexName
                        ,ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                                                    WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1 THEN 'DESC'
                                                                    ELSE 'ASC'
                                                                END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                    INNER JOIN sys.columns col
                                    ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                        FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                        ,ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                                                    WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1 THEN 'DESC'
                                                                    ELSE 'ASC'
                                                                END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                    INNER JOIN sys.columns col
                                    ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                        FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                        ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                        ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                        ,i.has_filter AS IsFiltered
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                AND i.[type_desc] IN ('CLUSTERED', 'NONCLUSTERED')
                AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
            ),
            CTE_IndexSpace AS
            (
            SELECT
                        s.[object_id]
                        ,s.index_id
                        ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                        ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                        ,p.data_compression_desc AS CompressionDescription
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                    INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK)
                    ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id], s.index_id, p.data_compression_desc
            )
            SELECT
                    DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                    ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                    ,CI1.IndexName
                    ,CI1.KeyColumns
                    ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                    ,CI1.IndexType
                    ,CSPC.IndexSizeMB
                    ,CSPC.CompressionDescription
                    ,CSPC.[RowCount]
                    ,CI1.IsDisabled
                    ,CI1.IsFiltered
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
                INNER JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC
                ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1
                            FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                        WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                            AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                            AND (
                                        (CI1.KeyColumns like CI2.KeyColumns + '%' and SUBSTRING(CI1.KeyColumns,LEN(CI2.KeyColumns)+1,1) = ' ')
                                    OR (CI2.KeyColumns like CI1.KeyColumns + '%' and SUBSTRING(CI2.KeyColumns,LEN(CI1.KeyColumns)+1,1) = ' ')
                                )
                            AND CI1.IsFiltered = CI2.IsFiltered
                            AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                        )"
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($database) {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            }
            else {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting indexes from database '$db'."

                    $query = if ($server.versionMajor -eq 9) {
                        if ($IncludeOverlapping) { $overlappingQuery2005 }
                        else { $exactDuplicateQuery2005 }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($IncludeOverlapping) { $overlappingQuery }
                        else { $exactDuplicateQuery }
                    }

                    $db.Query($query)

                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Query failure" -Target $db
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlDuplicateIndex
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaLoginInGroup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Finds Logins in Active Directory groups that have logins on the SQL Instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Outputs all the active directory groups members for a server, or limits it to find a specific AD user in the groups
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
            Author: Simone Bizzotto, @niphlod
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a
            collection and receive pipeline input.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect under. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            Find all AD Groups used on the instance that an individual login is a member of.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaLoginInGroup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaLoginInGroup -SqlInstance DEV01 -Login "MyDomain\Stephen.Bennett"
 
            Returns all active directory groups with logins on Sql Instance DEV01 that contain the AD user Stephen.Bennett.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaLoginInGroup -SqlInstance DEV01
 
            Returns all active directory users within all windows AD groups that have logins on the instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaLoginInGroup -SqlInstance DEV01 | Where-Object Login -like '*stephen*'
 
            Returns all active directory users within all windows AD groups that have logins on the instance whose login contains 'stephen'
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to load Assembly needed" -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        function Get-AllLogins {
            param
            (
                [string]$ADGroup,
                [string[]]$discard,
                [string]$ParentADGroup
            )
            begin {
                $output = @()
            }
            process {
                try {
                    $domain = $AdGroup.Split("\")[0]
                    $ads = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.PrincipalContext('Domain', $domain)
                    [string]$groupName = $AdGroup
                    $group = [System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.GroupPrincipal]::FindByIdentity($ads, $groupName);
                    $subgroups = @()
                    foreach ($member in $group.Members) {
                        $memberDomain = $member.distinguishedname -Split "," | Where-Object { $_ -like "DC=*" } | Select-Object -first 1 | ForEach-Object { $_.ToUpper() -replace "DC=", '' }
                        if ($member.StructuralObjectClass -eq "group") {
                            $fullName = $memberDomain + "\" + $member.SamAccountName
                            if ($fullName -in $discard) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "skipping $fullName, already enumerated"
                                continue
                            }
                            else {
                                $subgroups += $fullName
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $output += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                SqlInstance  = $server.Name
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                Login        = $memberDomain + "\" + $member.SamAccountName
                                DisplayName  = $member.DisplayName
                                MemberOf     = $AdGroup
                                ParentADGroupLogin = $ParentADGroup
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to Group: $member." -Target $member -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                $discard += $ADGroup
                foreach ($gr in $subgroups) {
                    if ($gr -notin $discard) {
                        $discard += $gr
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recursing Looking at $gr"
                        Get-AllLogins -ADGroup $gr -discard $discard -ParentADGroup $ParentADGroup
                    }
                }
            }
            end {
                $output
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $AdGroups = $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.LoginType -eq "WindowsGroup" -and $_.Name -ne "BUILTIN\Administrators" -and $_.Name -notlike "*NT SERVICE*" }

            foreach ($AdGroup in $AdGroups) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Mesage "Looking at Group: $AdGroup"
                $ADGroupOut += Get-AllLogins $AdGroup.Name -ParentADGroup $AdGroup.Name
            }

            if (-not $Login) {
                $res = $ADGroupOut
            }
            else {
                $res = $ADGroupOut | Where-Object { $Login -contains $_.Login }
                if ($res.Length -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Messasge "No logins matching $($Login -join ',') found connecting to $server"
                    continue
                }
            }
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $res -Property SqlInstance, Login, DisplayName, MemberOf, ParentADGroupLogin
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Find-DbaOrphanedFile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile finds orphaned database files. Orphaned database files are files not associated with any attached database.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command searches all directories associated with SQL database files for database files that are not currently in use by the SQL Server instance.
 
            By default, it looks for orphaned .mdf, .ldf and .ndf files in the root\data directory, the default data path, the default log path, the system paths and any directory in use by any attached directory.
 
            You can specify additional filetypes using the -FileType parameter, and additional paths to search using the -Path parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass this $cred to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies one or more directories to search in addition to the default data and log directories.
 
        .PARAMETER FileType
            Specifies file extensions other than mdf, ldf and ndf to search for. Do not include the dot (".") when specifying the extension.
 
        .PARAMETER LocalOnly
            If this switch is enabled, only local filenames will be returned. Using this switch with multiple servers is not recommended since it does not return the associated server name.
 
        .PARAMETER RemoteOnly
            If this switch is enabled, only remote filenames will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Orphan
            Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
            Thanks to Paul Randal's notes on FILESTREAM which can be found at http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/filestream-directory-structure/
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaOrphanedFile
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Connects to sqlserver2014a, authenticating with Windows credentials, and searches for orphaned files. Returns server name, local filename, and unc path to file.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Connects to sqlserver2014a, authenticating with SQL Server authentication, and searches for orphaned files. Returns server name, local filename, and unc path to file.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path 'E:\Dir1', 'E:\Dir2'
 
            Finds the orphaned files in "E:\Dir1" and "E:Dir2" in addition to the default directories.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -LocalOnly
 
            Returns only the local filepaths for orphaned files.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -RemoteOnly
 
            Returns only the remote filepath for orphaned files.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014, sql2016 -FileType fsf, mld
 
            Finds the orphaned ending with ".fsf" and ".mld" in addition to the default filetypes ".mdf", ".ldf", ".ndf" for both the servers sql2014 and sql2016.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$FileType,
        [switch]$LocalOnly,
        [switch]$RemoteOnly,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Get-SQLDirTreeQuery {
            param($PathList)
            # use sysaltfiles in lower versions

            $q1 = "CREATE TABLE #enum ( id int IDENTITY, fs_filename nvarchar(512), depth int, is_file int, parent nvarchar(512) ); DECLARE @dir nvarchar(512);"
            $q2 = "SET @dir = 'dirname';
 
                INSERT INTO #enum( fs_filename, depth, is_file )
                EXEC xp_dirtree @dir, 1, 1;
 
                UPDATE #enum
                SET parent = @dir,
                fs_filename = ltrim(rtrim(fs_filename))
                WHERE parent IS NULL;"

            $query_files_sql = "SELECT e.fs_filename AS filename, e.parent
                    FROM #enum AS e
                    WHERE e.fs_filename NOT IN( 'xtp', '5', '`$FSLOG', '`$HKv2', 'filestream.hdr' )
                    AND is_file = 1;"

            # build the query string based on how many directories they want to enumerate
            $sql = $q1
            $sql += $($PathList | Where-Object { $_ -ne '' } | ForEach-Object { "$([System.Environment]::Newline)$($q2 -Replace 'dirname', $_)" })
            $sql += $query_files_sql
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            return $sql
        }
        function Get-SqlFileStructure {
            param
            (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 1)]
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject]$smoserver
            )
            if ($smoserver.versionMajor -eq 8) {
                $sql = "select filename from sysaltfiles"
            }
            else {
                $sql = "select physical_name as filename from sys.master_files"
            }

            $dbfiletable = $smoserver.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql)
            $ftfiletable = $dbfiletable.Tables[0].Clone()
            $dbfiletable.Tables[0].TableName = "data"

            # Add support for Full Text Catalogs in Sql Server 2005 and below
            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                $databaselist = $smoserver.Databases | Select-Object -property  Name, IsFullTextEnabled
                foreach ($db in $databaselist) {
                    if ($db.IsFullTextEnabled -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }
                    $database = $db.name
                    $fttable = $null = $smoserver.Databases[$database].ExecuteWithResults('sp_help_fulltext_catalogs')
                    foreach ($ftc in $fttable.Tables[0].rows) {
                        $null = $ftfiletable.Rows.add($ftc.Path)
                    }
                }
            }

            $null = $dbfiletable.Tables.Add($ftfiletable)
            return $dbfiletable.Tables.Filename
        }

        function Format-Path {
            param ($path)

            $path = $path.Trim()
            #Thank you windows 2000
            $path = $path -replace '[^A-Za-z0-9 _\.\-\\:]', '__'
            return $path
        }

        $FileType += "mdf", "ldf", "ndf"
        $systemfiles = "distmdl.ldf", "distmdl.mdf", "mssqlsystemresource.ldf", "mssqlsystemresource.mdf"

        $FileTypeComparison = $FileType | ForEach-Object {$_.ToLower()} | Where-Object { $_ } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            # Reset all the arrays
            $dirtreefiles = $valid = $paths = $matching = @()

            $filestructure = Get-SqlFileStructure $server

            # Get any paths associated with current data and log files
            foreach ($file in $filestructure) {
                $paths += Split-Path -Path $file -Parent
            }

            # Get the default data and log directories from the instance
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Adding paths"
            $paths += $server.RootDirectory + "\DATA"
            $paths += Get-SqlDefaultPaths $server data
            $paths += Get-SqlDefaultPaths $server log
            $paths += $server.MasterDBPath
            $paths += $server.MasterDBLogPath
            $paths += $Path
            $paths = $paths | ForEach-Object { "$_".TrimEnd("\") } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
            $sql = Get-SQLDirTreeQuery $paths
            $datatable = $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0]

            foreach ($row in $datatable) {
                $fullpath = [IO.Path]::combine($row.parent, $row.filename)
                $dirtreefiles += [pscustomobject]@{
                    FullPath   = $fullpath
                    Comparison = [IO.Path]::GetFullPath($(Format-Path $fullpath))
                }
            }
            $dirtreefiles = $dirtreefiles | Where-Object { $_ } | Sort-Object Comparison -Unique

            foreach ($file in $filestructure) {
                $valid += [IO.Path]::GetFullPath($(Format-Path $file))
            }

            $valid = $valid | Sort-Object | Get-Unique

            foreach ($file in $dirtreefiles.Comparison) {
                foreach ($type in $FileTypeComparison) {
                    if ($file.ToLower().EndsWith($type)) {
                        $matching += $file
                        break
                    }
                }
            }

            $dirtreematcher = @{}
            foreach ($el in $dirtreefiles) {
                $dirtreematcher[$el.Comparison] = $el.Fullpath
            }

            foreach ($file in $matching) {
                if ($file -notin $valid) {
                    $fullpath = $dirtreematcher[$file]

                    $filename = Split-Path $fullpath -Leaf

                    if ($filename -in $systemfiles) { continue }

                    $result = [pscustomobject]@{
                        Server         = $server.name
                        ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Filename       = $fullpath
                        RemoteFilename = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.netname -Filepath $fullpath
                    }

                    if ($LocalOnly -eq $true) {
                        ($result | Select-Object filename).filename
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($RemoteOnly -eq $true) {
                        ($result | Select-Object remotefilename).remotefilename
                        continue
                    }

                    $result | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Filename, RemoteFilename

                }
            }

        }
    }
    end {
        if ($result.count -eq 0) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphaned files found"
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaSimilarTable {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns all tables/views that are similar in structure by comparing the column names of matching and matched tables/views
 
.DESCRIPTION
This function can either run against specific databases or all databases searching all/specific tables and views including in system databases.
    Typically one would use this to find for example archive version(s) of a table whose structures are similar.
    This can also be used to find tables/views that are very similar to a given table/view structure to see where a table/view might be used.
 
    More information can be found here: https://sqljana.wordpress.com/2017/03/31/sql-server-find-tables-with-similar-table-structure/
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER SchemaName
If you are looking in a specific schema whose table structures is to be used as reference structure, provide the name of the schema.
    If no schema is provided, looks at all schemas
 
.PARAMETER TableName
If you are looking in a specific table whose structure is to be used as reference structure, provide the name of the table.
    If no table is provided, looks at all tables
    If the table name exists in multiple schemas, all of them would qualify
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeViews
By default, views are included. You can exclude them by setting this switch to $false
    This excludes views in both matching and matched list
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter
 
.PARAMETER MatchPercentThreshold
The minimum percentage of column names that should match between the matching and matched objects.
    Entries with no matches are eliminated
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Jana Sattainathan (@SQLJana - http://sqljana.wordpress.com)
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaSimilarTable
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01
 
Searches all user database tables and views for each, returns all tables or views with their matching tables/views and match percent
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks
 
Searches AdventureWorks database and lists tables/views and their corresponding matching tables/views with match percent
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks -SchemaName HumanResource
 
Searches AdventureWorks database and lists tables/views in the HumanResource schema with their corresponding matching tables/views with match percent
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks -SchemaName HumanResource -Table Employee
 
Searches AdventureWorks database and lists tables/views in the HumanResource schema and table Employee with its corresponding matching tables/views with match percent
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks -MatchPercentThreshold 60
 
Searches AdventureWorks database and lists all tables/views with its corresponding matching tables/views with match percent greater than or equal to 60
 
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string]$SchemaName,
        [string]$TableName,
        [switch]$ExcludeViews,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [int]$MatchPercentThreshold,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $everyServerVwCount = 0

        $sqlSelect = "WITH ColCountsByTable
                AS
                (
                      SELECT
                            c.TABLE_CATALOG,
                            c.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                            c.TABLE_NAME,
                            COUNT(1) AS Column_Count
                      FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
                      GROUP BY
                            c.TABLE_CATALOG,
                            c.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                            c.TABLE_NAME
                )
                SELECT
                      100 * COUNT(c2.COLUMN_NAME) /*Matching_Column_Count*/ / MIN(ColCountsByTable.Column_Count) /*Column_Count*/ AS MatchPercent,
                      DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY c.TABLE_CATALOG, c.TABLE_SCHEMA, c.TABLE_NAME) TableNameRankInDB,
                      c.TABLE_CATALOG AS DatabaseName,
                      c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS SchemaName,
                      c.TABLE_NAME AS TableName,
                      t.TABLE_TYPE AS TableType,
                      MIN(ColCountsByTable.Column_Count) AS ColumnCount,
                      c2.TABLE_CATALOG AS MatchingDatabaseName,
                      c2.TABLE_SCHEMA AS MatchingSchemaName,
                      c2.TABLE_NAME AS MatchingTableName,
                      t2.TABLE_TYPE AS MatchingTableType,
                      COUNT(c2.COLUMN_NAME) AS MatchingColumnCount
                FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t
                      INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
                            ON t.TABLE_CATALOG = c.TABLE_CATALOG
                                  AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.TABLE_SCHEMA
                                  AND t.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME
                      INNER JOIN ColCountsByTable
                            ON t.TABLE_CATALOG = ColCountsByTable.TABLE_CATALOG
                                  AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = ColCountsByTable.TABLE_SCHEMA
                                  AND t.TABLE_NAME = ColCountsByTable.TABLE_NAME
                      LEFT OUTER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c2
                            ON t.TABLE_NAME != c2.TABLE_NAME
                                  AND c.COLUMN_NAME = c2.COLUMN_NAME
                      LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t2
                            ON c2.TABLE_NAME = t2.TABLE_NAME"

        $sqlWhere = "
                WHERE "

        $sqlGroupBy = "
                GROUP BY
                      c.TABLE_CATALOG,
                      c.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                      c.TABLE_NAME,
                      t.TABLE_TYPE,
                      c2.TABLE_CATALOG,
                      c2.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                      c2.TABLE_NAME,
                      t2.TABLE_TYPE "

        $sqlHaving = "
                HAVING
                    /*Match_Percent should be greater than 0 at minimum!*/
                    "

        $sqlOrderBy = "
                ORDER BY
                      MatchPercent DESC"


        $sql = ''
        $wherearray = @()

        if ($ExcludeViews) {
            $wherearray += " (t.TABLE_TYPE <> 'VIEW' AND t2.TABLE_TYPE <> 'VIEW') "
        }

        if ($SchemaName) {
            $wherearray += (" (c.TABLE_SCHEMA = '{0}') " -f $SchemaName.Replace("'", "''")) #Replace single quotes with two single quotes!
        }

        if ($TableName) {
            $wherearray += (" (c.TABLE_NAME = '{0}') " -f $TableName.Replace("'", "''")) #Replace single quotes with two single quotes!

        }

        if ($wherearray.length -gt 0) {
            $sqlWhere = "$sqlWhere " + ($wherearray -join " AND ")
        }
        else {
            $sqlWhere = ""
        }


        $matchThreshold = 0
        if ($MatchPercentThreshold) {
            $matchThreshold = $MatchPercentThreshold
        }
        else {
            $matchThreshold = 0
        }

        $sqlHaving += (" (100 * COUNT(c2.COLUMN_NAME) / MIN(ColCountsByTable.Column_Count) >= {0}) " -f $matchThreshold)



        $sql = "$sqlSelect $sqlWhere $sqlGroupBy $sqlHaving $sqlOrderBy"

        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

    }

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            #Use IsAccessible instead of Status -eq 'normal' because databases that are on readable secondaries for AG or mirroring replicas will cause errors to be thrown
            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
            }
            else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }


            $totalCount = 0
            $dbCount = $dbs.count
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"
                $rows = $db.Query($sql)

                foreach ($row in $rows) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName              = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName              = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance               = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Table                     = "$($row.DatabaseName).$($row.SchemaName).$($row.TableName)"
                        MatchingTable             = "$($row.MatchingDatabaseName).$($row.MatchingSchemaName).$($row.MatchingTableName)"
                        MatchPercent              = $row.MatchPercent
                        OriginalDatabaseName      = $row.DatabaseName
                        OriginalSchemaName        = $row.SchemaName
                        OriginalTableName         = $row.TableName
                        OriginalTableNameRankInDB = $row.TableNameRankInDB
                        OriginalTableType         = $row.TableType
                        OriginalColumnCount       = $row.ColumnCount
                        MatchingDatabaseName      = $row.MatchingDatabaseName
                        MatchingSchemaName        = $row.MatchingSchemaName
                        MatchingTableName         = $row.MatchingTableName
                        MatchingTableType         = $row.MatchingTableType
                        MatchingColumnCount       = $row.MatchingColumnCount
                    }
                }

                $vwCount = $vwCount + $rows.Count
                $totalCount = $totalCount + $rows.Count
                $everyServerVwCount = $everyServerVwCount + $rows.Count

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $vwCount tables/views in $db"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $totalCount total tables/views in $dbCount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $everyServerVwCount total tables/views"
    }
}
function Find-DbaStoredProcedure {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns all stored procedures that contain a specific case-insensitive string or regex pattern.
 
.DESCRIPTION
This function can either run against specific databases or all databases searching all user or user and system stored procedures.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER Pattern
String pattern that you want to search for in the stored procedure textbody
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
By default, system stored procedures are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter.
 
Warning - this will likely make it super slow if you run it on all databases.
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaStoredProcedure
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern whatever
 
Searches all user databases stored procedures for "whatever" in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance sql2016 -Pattern '\w+@\w+\.\w+'
 
Searches all databases for all stored procedures that contain a valid email pattern in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Pattern 'some string' -Verbose
 
Searches in "mydb" database stored procedures for "some string" in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDB -Pattern RUNTIME -IncludeSystemObjects
 
Searches in "mydb" database stored procedures for "runtime" in the textbody
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(p.object_id) as ProcSchema, p.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.procedures p WHERE m.object_id = p.object_id"
        if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) { $sql = "$sql AND p.is_ms_shipped = 0" }
        $everyserverspcount = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $Instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports SQL Server 2005 and above."
                Continue
            }

            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" }
            }
            else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $totalcount = 0
            $dbcount = $dbs.count
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"

                # If system objects aren't needed, find stored procedure text using SQL
                # This prevents SMO from having to enumerate

                if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows
                    $sproccount = 0

                    foreach ($row in $rows) {
                        $totalcount++; $sproccount++; $everyserverspcount++

                        $procSchema = $row.ProcSchema
                        $proc = $row.Name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in stored procedure: $procSchema.$proc textBody for $pattern"
                        if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {
                            $sp = $db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object{$_.Schema -eq $procSchema -and $_.Name -eq $proc}

                            $StoredProcedureText = $sp.TextBody.split("`n")
                            $spTextFound = $StoredProcedureText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                                SqlInstance              = $server.ServiceName
                                Database                 = $db.Name
                                Schema                   = $sp.Schema
                                Name                     = $sp.Name
                                Owner                    = $sp.Owner
                                IsSystemObject           = $sp.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate               = $sp.CreateDate
                                LastModified             = $sp.DateLastModified
                                StoredProcedureTextFound = $spTextFound -join "`n"
                                StoredProcedure          = $sp
                                StoredProcedureFullText  = $sp.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty StoredProcedure, StoredProcedureFullText
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $storedprocedures = $db.StoredProcedures

                    foreach ($sp in $storedprocedures) {
                        $totalcount++; $sproccount++; $everyserverspcount++

                        $procSchema = $sp.Schema
                        $proc = $sp.Name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in stored procedure $procSchema.$proc textBody for $pattern"
                        if ($sp.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                            $StoredProcedureText = $sp.TextBody.split("`n")
                            $spTextFound = $StoredProcedureText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                                SqlInstance              = $server.ServiceName
                                Database                 = $db.Name
                                Schema                   = $sp.Schema
                                Name                     = $sp.Name
                                Owner                    = $sp.Owner
                                IsSystemObject           = $sp.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate               = $sp.CreateDate
                                LastModified             = $sp.DateLastModified
                                StoredProcedureTextFound = $spTextFound -join "`n"
                                StoredProcedure          = $sp
                                StoredProcedureFullText  = $sp.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty StoredProcedure, StoredProcedureFullText
                        }
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $sproccount stored procedures in $db"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $totalcount total stored procedures in $dbcount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $everyserverspcount total stored procedures"
    }
}
function Find-DbaTrigger {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns all triggers that contain a specific case-insensitive string or regex pattern.
 
.DESCRIPTION
This function search on Instance, Database and Object level.
If you specify one or more databases, search on Server level will not be preformed.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER Pattern
String pattern that you want to search for in the trigger textbody
 
.PARAMETER TriggerLevel
Allows specify the trigger level that you want to search. By default is All (Server, Database, Object).
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
By default, system triggers are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter.
 
Warning - this will likely make it super slow if you run it on all databases.
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Cláudio Silva, @ClaudioESSilva
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaTrigger
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern whatever
 
Searches all user databases triggers for "whatever" in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance sql2016 -Pattern '\w+@\w+\.\w+'
 
Searches all databases for all triggers that contain a valid email pattern in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Pattern 'some string' -Verbose
 
Searches in "mydb" database triggers for "some string" in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDB -Pattern RUNTIME -IncludeSystemObjects
 
Searches in "mydb" database triggers for "runtime" in the textbody
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [ValidateSet('All', 'Server', 'Database', 'Object')]
        [string]$TriggerLevel = 'All',
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sqlDatabaseTriggers = "SELECT tr.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.triggers tr WHERE m.object_id = tr.object_id AND tr.parent_class = 0"

        $sqlTableTriggers = "SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(tr.parent_id) TableSchema, OBJECT_NAME(tr.parent_id) AS TableName, tr.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.triggers tr WHERE m.object_id = tr.object_id AND tr.parent_class = 1"
        if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) { $sqlTableTriggers = "$sqlTableTriggers AND tr.is_ms_shipped = 0" }

        $everyserverstcount = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $Instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports SQL Server 2005 and above."
                Continue
            }

            #search at instance level. Only if no database was specified
            if ((-Not $Database) -and ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Server'))) {
                foreach ($trigger in $server.Triggers) {
                    $everyserverstcount++; $triggercount++
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Looking in Trigger: $trigger TextBody for $pattern"
                    if ($trigger.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                        $triggerText = $trigger.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                        $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                            SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                            TriggerLevel     = "Server"
                            Database         = $null
                            Object           = $null
                            Name             = $trigger.Name
                            IsSystemObject   = $trigger.IsSystemObject
                            CreateDate       = $trigger.CreateDate
                            LastModified     = $trigger.DateLastModified
                            TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                            Trigger          = $trigger
                            TriggerFullText  = $trigger.TextBody
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $triggercount triggers in $server"
            }

            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" }
            }
            else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $totalcount = 0
            $dbcount = $dbs.count

            if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Database', 'Object')) {
                foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"

                    # If system objects aren't needed, find trigger text using SQL
                    # This prevents SMO from having to enumerate

                    if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) {
                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Database')) {
                            #Get Database Level triggers (DDL)
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sqlDatabaseTriggers
                            $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sqlDatabaseTriggers).Tables.Rows
                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($row in $rows) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++

                                $trigger = $row.name

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern on database $db"
                                if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {
                                    $tr = $db.Triggers | Where-Object name -eq $row.name

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Database"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Object')) {
                            #Get Object Level triggers (DML)
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sqlTableTriggers
                            $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sqlTableTriggers).Tables.Rows
                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($row in $rows) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++

                                $trigger = $row.name
                                $triggerParentSchema = $row.TableSchema
                                $triggerParent = $row.TableName

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern in object $triggerParentSchema.$triggerParent at database $db"
                                if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                                    $tr = ($db.Tables | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $triggerParent -and $_.Schema -eq $triggerParentSchema}).Triggers | Where-Object name -eq $row.name

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Object"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Database')) {
                            #Get Database Level triggers (DDL)
                            $triggers = $db.Triggers

                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($tr in $triggers) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++
                                $trigger = $tr.Name

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern on database $db"
                                if ($tr.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Database"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Object')) {
                            #Get Object Level triggers (DML)
                            $triggers = $db.Tables | ForEach-Object {$_.Triggers}

                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($tr in $triggers) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++
                                $trigger = $tr.Name

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern in object $($tr.Parent) at database $db"
                                if ($tr.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Object"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $triggercount triggers in $db"
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $totalcount total triggers in $dbcount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $everyserverstcount total triggers"
    }
}
function Find-DbaUnusedIndex {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find Unused indexes
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command will help you to find Unused indexes on a database or a list of databases
 
            Also tells how much space you can save by dropping the index.
            We show the type of compression so you can make a more considered decision.
            For now only supported for CLUSTERED and NONCLUSTERED indexes
 
            You can select the indexes you want to drop on the gridview and by clicking OK the drop statement will be generated.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server you want to check for unused indexes.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER FilePath
            Specifies the path of a file to write the DROP statements to.
 
        .PARAMETER NoClobber
            If this switch is enabled, the output file will not be overwritten.
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            If this switch is enabled, content will be appended to the output file.
 
        .PARAMETER IgnoreUptime
            Less than 7 days uptime can mean that analysis of unused indexes is unreliable, and normally no results will be returned. By setting this option results will be returned even if the Instance has been running for less that 7 days.
 
            .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Indexes
            Author: Aaron Nelson (@SQLvariant), SQLvariant.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaUnusedIndex
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sql2005 -FilePath C:\temp\sql2005-UnusedIndexes.sql
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected unused indexes on server "sql2005". The statements are written to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-UnusedIndexes.sql"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sql2005 -FilePath C:\temp\sql2005-UnusedIndexes.sql -Append
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected unused indexes on server "sql2005". The statements are written to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-UnusedIndexes.sql", appending if the file already exists.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected unused indexes on server "sqlserver2016", using SQL Authentication to connect to the database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -Database db1, db2
 
            Generates the SQL Statement to to drop selected indexes in databases db1 & db2 on server "sqlserver2016".
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop selected indexes on all user databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Fine-DbaUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -IgnoreUptime
 
            Generates the SQL statements to drop selected indexes on all user databases even if the instance has been online for less than 7 days.
            Note that results may not have enough detail for all indexes, so care should be taken when using them or the generated scripts. Best practice is to allow a full week to capture the mmajority of index use cases
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("OutFile", "Path")]
        [string]$FilePath,
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$IgnoreUptime,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # Support Compression 2008+
        $unusedQuery = "
        SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS 'DatabaseName'
        ,s.name AS 'SchemaName'
        ,t.name AS 'TableName'
        ,i.object_id AS ObjectId
        ,i.name AS 'IndexName'
        ,i.index_id as 'IndexId'
        ,i.type_desc as 'TypeDesc'
        ,user_seeks as 'UserSeeks'
        ,user_scans as 'UserScans'
        ,user_lookups as 'UserLookups'
        ,user_updates as 'UserUpdates'
        ,last_user_seek as 'LastUserSeek'
        ,last_user_scan as 'LastUserScan'
        ,last_user_lookup as 'LastUserLookup'
        ,last_user_UPDATE as 'LastUserUpdate'
        ,system_seeks as 'SystemSeeks'
        ,system_scans as 'SystemScans'
        ,system_lookups as 'SystemLookup'
        ,system_updates as 'SystemUpdates'
        ,last_system_seek as 'LastSystemSeek'
        ,last_system_scan as 'LastSystemScan'
        ,last_system_lookup as 'LastSystemLookup'
        ,last_system_update as 'LastSystemUpdate'
        FROM SYS.TABLES T
        JOIN SYS.SCHEMAS S
            ON T.schema_id = s.schema_id
        JOIN SYS.indexes i
            ON i.object_id = t.object_id LEFT OUTER
        JOIN sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats iu
            ON iu.object_id = i.object_id
                AND iu.index_id = i.index_id
        WHERE iu.database_id = DB_ID()
                AND OBJECTPROPERTY(i.[object_id], 'IsMSShipped') = 0
                AND user_seeks = 0
                AND user_scans = 0
                AND user_lookups = 0
                AND i.type_desc NOT IN ('HEAP', 'CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE')"

        if ($FilePath.Length -gt 0) {
            if ($FilePath -notlike "*\*") {
                $FilePath = ".\$FilePath"
            }
            $directory = Split-Path $FilePath
            $exists = Test-Path $directory

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parent directory $directory does not exist."
                return
            }
        }

        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Attempting to connect to Sql Server."
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            Stop-Function -Message "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2005 (v9)."
            return
        }

        $lastRestart = $server.Databases['tempdb'].CreateDate
        $endDate = Get-Date -Date $lastRestart
        $diffDays = (New-TimeSpan -Start $endDate -End (Get-Date)).Days

        if ($diffDays -le 6) {
            if ($IgnoreUptime -ne $true) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service was restarted on $lastRestart, which is not long enough for a solid evaluation."
                return
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The SQL Service was restarted on $lastRestart, which is not long enough for a solid evaluation."
            }
        }

        <#
            Validate if server version is:
                - sql 2012 and if have SP3 CU3 (Build 6537) or higher
                - sql 2014 and if have SP2 (Build 5000) or higher
            If the major version is the same but the build is lower, throws the message
        #>
        if (
            ($server.VersionMajor -eq 11 -and $server.BuildNumber -lt 6537) `
            -or ($server.VersionMajor -eq 12 -and $server.BuildNumber -lt 5000)
        ) {
            Stop-Function -Message "This SQL version has a known issue. Rebuilding an index clears any existing row entry from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats for that index.`r`nPlease refer to connect item: https://connect.microsoft.com/sqlserver/feedback/details/739566/rebuilding-an-index-clears-stats-from-sys-dm-db-index-usage-stats"
            return
        }

        if ($diffDays -le 33) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The SQL Service was restarted on $lastRestart, which may not be long enough for a solid evaluation."
        }

        if ($pipedatabase.Length -gt 0) {
            $database = $pipedatabase.name
        }

        if ($database.Count -eq 0) {
            $database = ($server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.IsAccessible }).Name
        }

        if ($database.Count -gt 0) {
            foreach ($db in $database) {
                if ($ExcludeDatabase -contains $db -or $null -eq $server.Databases[$db]) {
                    continue
                }
                if ($server.Databases[$db].IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database [$db] is not accessible."
                    continue
                }
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Getting indexes from database '$db'."

                    $sql = $unusedQuery

                    $unusedIndex = $server.Databases[$db].ExecuteWithResults($sql)

                    $scriptGenerated = $false

                    if ($unusedIndex.Tables[0].Rows.Count -gt 0) {
                        $indexesToDrop = $unusedIndex.Tables[0]

                        if ($indexesToDrop.Count -gt 0 -or !([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($indexesToDrop))) {

                            foreach ($index in $indexesToDrop) {
                                if ($FilePath.Length -gt 0) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $($index.TableName).$($index.IndexName)"
                                    $sqlout += "USE [$($index.DatabaseName)]`r`n"
                                    $sqlout += "GO`r`n"
                                    $sqlout += "IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM sys.indexes WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('$($index.SchemaName).$($index.TableName)') AND name = '$($index.IndexName)')`r`n"
                                    $sqlout += "DROP INDEX $($index.SchemaName).$($index.TableName).$($index.IndexName)`r`n"
                                    $sqlout += "GO`r`n`r`n"`

                                }
                            }

                            if ($FilePath.Length -gt 0) {
                                $sqlout | Out-File -FilePath $FilePath -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
                            }
                            else {
                                $indexesToDrop
                            }

                            $scriptGenerated = $true
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No Unused indexes found!"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering indexes" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db
                }
            }

            if ($scriptGenerated) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Confirm the generated script before execute!"
            }
            if ($FilePath.Length -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Script generated to $FilePath"
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-SqlUnusedIndex
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaUserObject {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Searches SQL Server to find user-owned objects (ie. not dbo or sa) or for any object owned by a specific user specified by the Pattern parameter.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Looks at the below list of objects to see if they are either owned by a user or a specific user (using the parameter -Pattern)
                Database Owner
                Agent Job Owner
                Used in Credential
                USed in Proxy
                SQL Agent Steps using a Proxy
                Endpoints
                Server Roles
                Database Schemas
                Database Roles
                Database Assembles
                Database Synonyms
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SqlInstance name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Pattern
            The regex pattern that the command will search for
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Object
            Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaUserObject
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUserObject -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern ad\stephen
 
            Searches user objects for owner ad\stephen
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Find-DbaUserObject -SqlInstance DEV01 -Verbose
 
            Shows all user owned (non-sa, non-dbo) objects and verbose output
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstances")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Pattern,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Pattern -match '^[\w\d\.-]+\\[\w\d\.-]+$') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Too few slashes, adding extra as required by regex"
            $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace('\', '\\')
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $saname = Get-SaLoginName $server

            ## Credentials
            if (-not $pattern) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering data on instance objects"
                $creds = $server.Credentials
                $proxies = $server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts
                $endPoints = $server.Endpoints | Where-Object { $_.Owner -ne $saname }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gather data on Agent Jobs ownership"
                $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -ne $saname }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering data on instance objects"
                $creds = $server.Credentials | Where-Object { $_.Identity -match $pattern }
                $proxies = $server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts | Where-Object { $_.CredentialIdentity -match $pattern }
                $endPoints = $server.Endpoints | Where-Object { $_.Owner -match $pattern }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gather data on Agent Jobs ownership"
                $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -match $pattern }
            }

            ## dbs
            if (-not $pattern) {
                foreach ($db in $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Owner -ne $saname }) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "checking if $db is owned "

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database"
                        Owner        = $db.Owner
                        Name         = $db.Name
                        Parent       = $db.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                foreach ($db in $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Owner -match $pattern }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database"
                        Owner        = $db.Owner
                        Name         = $db.Name
                        Parent       = $db.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }

            ## agent jobs
            if (-not $pattern) {
                foreach ($job in $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -ne $saname }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Agent Job"
                        Owner        = $job.OwnerLoginName
                        Name         = $job.Name
                        Parent       = $job.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                foreach ($job in $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -match $pattern }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Agent Job"
                        Owner        = $job.OwnerLoginName
                        Name         = $job.Name
                        Parent       = $job.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }

            ## credentials
            foreach ($cred in $creds) {
                ## list credentials using the account

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Type         = "Credential"
                    Owner        = $cred.Identity
                    Name         = $cred.Name
                    Parent       = $cred.Parent.Name
                }
            }

            ## proxies
            foreach ($proxy in $proxies) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Type         = "Proxy"
                    Owner        = $proxy.CredentialIdentity
                    Name         = $proxy.Name
                    Parent       = $proxy.Parent.Name
                }

                ## list agent jobs steps using proxy
                foreach ($job in $server.JobServer.Jobs) {
                    foreach ($step in $job.JobSteps | Where-Object { $_.ProxyName -eq $proxy.Name }) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Type         = "Agent Step"
                            Owner        = $step.ProxyName
                            Name         = $step.Name
                            Parent       = $step.Parent.Name #$step.Name
                        }
                    }
                }
            }


            ## endpoints
            foreach ($endPoint in $endPoints) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Type         = "Endpoint"
                    Owner        = $endpoint.Owner
                    Name         = $endPoint.Name
                    Parent       = $endPoint.Parent.Name
                }
            }

            ## Server Roles
            if (-not $pattern) {
                foreach ($role in $server.Roles | Where-Object { $_.Owner -ne $saname }) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "checking if $db is owned "
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Server Role"
                        Owner        = $role.Owner
                        Name         = $role.Name
                        Parent       = $role.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                foreach ($role in $server.Roles | Where-Object { $_.Owner -match $pattern }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Server Role"
                        Owner        = $role.Owner
                        Name         = $role.Name
                        Parent       = $role.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }

            ## Loop internal database
            foreach ($db in $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gather user owned object in database: $db"
                ##schemas
                $sysSchemas = "DatabaseMailUserRole", "db_ssisadmin", "db_ssisltduser", "db_ssisoperator", "SQLAgentOperatorRole", "SQLAgentReaderRole", "SQLAgentUserRole", "TargetServersRole", "RSExecRole"

                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $schemas = $db.Schemas | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" -and $sysSchemas -notcontains $_.Owner }
                }
                else {
                    $schemas = $db.Schemas | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern -and $sysSchemas -notcontains $_.Owner }
                }
                foreach ($schema in $schemas) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Schema"
                        Owner        = $schema.Owner
                        Name         = $schema.Name
                        Parent       = $schema.Parent.Name
                    }
                }

                ## database roles
                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $roles = $db.Roles | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" }
                }
                else {
                    $roles = $db.Roles | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern }
                }
                foreach ($role in $roles) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database Role"
                        Owner        = $role.Owner
                        Name         = $role.Name
                        Parent       = $role.Parent.Name
                    }
                }

                ## assembly
                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $assemblies = $db.Assemblies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" }
                }
                else {
                    $assemblies = $db.Assemblies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern }
                }

                foreach ($assembly in $assemblies) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database Assembly"
                        Owner        = $assembly.Owner
                        Name         = $assembly.Name
                        Parent       = $assembly.Parent.Name
                    }
                }

                ## synonyms
                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $synonyms = $db.Synonyms | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" }
                }
                else {
                    $synonyms = $db.Synonyms | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern }
                }

                foreach ($synonym in $synonyms) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database Synonyms"
                        Owner        = $synonym.Owner
                        Name         = $synonym.Name
                        Parent       = $synonym.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaView {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns all views that contain a specific case-insensitive string or regex pattern.
 
.DESCRIPTION
This function can either run against specific databases or all databases searching all user or user and system views.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER Pattern
String pattern that you want to search for in the view textbody
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
By default, system views are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter.
 
Warning - this will likely make it super slow if you run it on all databases.
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Cláudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaView
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaView -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern whatever
 
Searches all user databases views for "whatever" in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaView -SqlInstance sql2016 -Pattern '\w+@\w+\.\w+'
 
Searches all databases for all views that contain a valid email pattern in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaView -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Pattern 'some string' -Verbose
 
Searches in "mydb" database views for "some string" in the textbody
 
.EXAMPLE
Find-DbaView -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDB -Pattern RUNTIME -IncludeSystemObjects
 
Searches in "mydb" database views for "runtime" in the textbody
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(vw.object_id) as ViewSchema, vw.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.views vw WHERE m.object_id = vw.object_id"
        if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) { $sql = "$sql AND vw.is_ms_shipped = 0" }
        $everyservervwcount = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $Instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports SQL Server 2005 and above."
                Continue
            }

            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" }
            }
            else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $totalcount = 0
            $dbcount = $dbs.count
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"

                # If system objects aren't needed, find view text using SQL
                # This prevents SMO from having to enumerate

                if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows
                    $vwcount = 0

                    foreach ($row in $rows) {
                        $totalcount++; $vwcount++; $everyservervwcount++

                        $viewSchema = $row.ViewSchema
                        $view = $row.name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in View: $viewSchema.$view TextBody for $pattern"
                        if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {
                            $vw = $db.Views | Where-Object {$_.Schema -eq $viewSchema -and $_.Name -eq $view}

                            $viewText = $vw.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                            $vwTextFound = $viewText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                                SqlInstance    = $server.ServiceName
                                Database       = $db.Name
                                Schema         = $vw.Schema
                                Name           = $vw.Name
                                Owner          = $vw.Owner
                                IsSystemObject = $vw.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate     = $vw.CreateDate
                                LastModified   = $vw.DateLastModified
                                ViewTextFound  = $vwTextFound -join "`n"
                                View           = $vw
                                ViewFullText   = $vw.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty View, ViewFullText
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $Views = $db.Views

                    foreach ($vw in $Views) {
                        $totalcount++; $vwcount++; $everyservervwcount++

                        $viewSchema = $row.ViewSchema
                        $view = $vw.Name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in View: $viewSchema.$view TextBody for $pattern"
                        if ($vw.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                            $viewText = $vw.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                            $vwTextFound = $viewText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                                SqlInstance    = $server.ServiceName
                                Database       = $db.Name
                                Schema         = $vw.Schema
                                Name           = $vw.Name
                                Owner          = $vw.Owner
                                IsSystemObject = $vw.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate     = $vw.CreateDate
                                LastModified   = $vw.DateLastModified
                                ViewTextFound  = $vwTextFound -join "`n"
                                View           = $vw
                                ViewFullText   = $vw.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty View, ViewFullText
                        }
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $vwcount views in $db"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $totalcount total views in $dbcount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $everyservervwcount total views"
    }
}
function Format-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Transforms the data in a dbatools backuphistory object for a restore
 
    .DESCRIPTION
       Performs various mapping on Backup History, ready restoring
       Options include changing restore paths, backup paths, database name and many others
 
    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        A dbatools backupHistory object, normally this will have been created using Select-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER ReplaceDatabaseName
        If a single value is provided, this will be replaced do all occurences a database name
        If a Hashtable is passed in, each database name mention will be replaced as specified. If a database's name does not apper it will not be replace
        DatabaseName will also be replaced where it occurs in the file paths of data and log files.
        Please note, that this won't change the Logical Names of datafiles, that has to be done with a seperate Alter DB call
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseNamePrefix
        This string will be prefixed to all restored database's name
 
    .PARAMETER DataFileDirectory
        This will move ALL restored files to this location during the restore
 
    .PARAMETER LogFileDirectory
        This will move all log files to this location, overriding DataFileDirectory
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationFileStreamDirectory
        This move the FileStream folder and contents to the new location, overriding DataFileDirectory
 
    .PARAMETER FileNamePrefix
        This string will be prefixed to all restored files (Data and Log)
 
    .PARAMETER RebaseBackupFolder
        Use this to rebase where your backups are stored.
 
    .PARAMETER Continue
        Indicates that this is a continuing restore
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseFilePrefix
        A string that will be prefixed to every file restored
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseFileSuffix
        A string that will be suffixed to every file restored
 
    .PARAMETER ReplaceDbNameInFile
        If set, will replace the old databasename with the new name if it occurs in the file name
 
    .PARAMETER FileMapping
        A hashtable that can be used to move specific files to a location.
        $FileMapping = @{'DataFile1'='c:\restoredfiles\Datafile1.mdf';'DataFile3'='d:\DataFile3.mdf'}
        And files not specified in the mapping will be restored to their original location
        This Parameter is exclusive with DestinationDataDirectory
        If specified, this will override any other file renaming/relocation options.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
 
    .NOTES
    Author:Stuart Moore (@napalmgram stuart-moore.com )
    DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Format-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -ReplaceDatabaseName NewDb
 
        Changes as databasename references to NewDb, both in the database name and any restore paths. Note, this will fail if the BackupHistory object contains backups for more than 1 database
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -ReplaceDatabaseName @{'OldB'='NewDb';'ProdHr'='DevHr'}
 
        Will change all occurences of original database name in the backup history (names and restore paths) using the mapping in the hashtable.
        In this example any occurance of OldDb will be replaced with NewDb and ProdHr with DevPR
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -DataFileDirectory 'D:\DataFiles\' -LogFileDirectory 'E:\LogFiles\
 
        This example with change the restore path for all datafiles (everything that is not a log file) to d:\datafiles
        And all Transaction Log files will be restored to E:\Logfiles
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $History | Formate-DbaBackupInformation -RebaseBackupFolder f:\backups
 
        This example changes the location that SQL Server will look for the backups. This is useful if you've moved the backups to a different location
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$BackupHistory,
        [object]$ReplaceDatabaseName,
        [switch]$ReplaceDbNameInFile,
        [string]$DataFileDirectory,
        [string]$LogFileDirectory,
        [string]$DestinationFileStreamDirectory,
        [string]$DatabaseNamePrefix,
        [string]$DatabaseFilePrefix,
        [string]$DatabaseFileSuffix,
        [string]$RebaseBackupFolder,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [hashtable]$FileMapping,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    Begin {

        Write-Message -Message "Starting" -Level Verbose
        if ($null -ne $ReplaceDatabaseName) {
            if ($ReplaceDatabaseName -is [string] -or $ReplaceDatabaseName.ToString() -ne 'System.Collections.Hashtable') {
                Write-Message -Message "String passed in for DB rename" -Level Verbose
                $ReplaceDatabaseNameType = 'single'
            }
            elseif ($ReplaceDatabaseName -is [HashTable] -or $ReplaceDatabaseName.ToString() -eq 'System.Collections.Hashtable' ) {
                Write-Message -Message "Hashtable passed in for DB rename" -Level Verbose
                $ReplaceDatabaseNameType = 'multi'
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Message "ReplacemenDatabaseName is $($ReplaceDatabaseName.Gettype().ToString()) - $ReplaceDatabaseName" -level Verbose
            }
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter DataFileDirectory) -and $DataFileDirectory[-1] -eq '\' ) {
            $DataFileDirectory = $DataFileDirectory.substring(0, $DataFileDirectory.length - 1)
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter DestinationFileStreamDirectory) -and $DestinationFileStreamDirectory[-1] -eq '\' ) {
            $DestinationFileStreamDirectory = $DestinationFileStreamDirectory.substring(0, $DestinationFileStreamDirectory.length - 1)
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter LogFileDirectory) -and $LogFileDirectory[-1] -eq '\' ) {
            $LogFileDirectory = $LogFileDirectory.substring(0, $LogFileDirectory.length - 1)
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter RebaseBackupFolder) -and $RebaseBackupFolder[-1] -eq '\' ) {
            $RebaseBackupFolder = $RebaseBackupFolder.substring(0, $RebaseBackupFolder.length - 1)
        }
    }


    Process {

        ForEach ($History in $BackupHistory) {
            if ("OriginalDatabase" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'OriginalDatabase' -Type NoteProperty -Value $History.Database
            }
            if ("OriginalFileList" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'OriginalFileList' -Type NoteProperty -Value ''
                $History | ForEach-Object {$_.OriginalFileList = $_.FileList}
            }
            if ("OriginalFullName" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'OriginalFullName' -Type NoteProperty -Value $History.FullName
            }
            if ("IsVerified" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'IsVerified' -Type NoteProperty -Value $False
            }
            Switch ($History.Type) {
                'Full' {$History.Type = 'Database'}
                'Differential' {$History.Type = 'Database Differential'}
                'Log' {$History.Type = 'Transaction Log'}
            }


            if ($ReplaceDatabaseNameType -eq 'single' -and $ReplaceDatabaseName -ne '' ) {
                $History.Database = $ReplaceDatabaseName
                $ReplaceMentName = $ReplaceDatabaseName
                Write-Message -Message "New DbName (String) = $($History.Database)" -Level Verbose
            }
            elseif ($ReplaceDatabaseNameType -eq 'multi') {
                if ($null -ne $ReplaceDatabaseName[$History.Database]) {
                    $History.Database = $ReplaceDatabaseName[$History.Database]
                    $ReplacementName = $ReplaceDatabaseName[$History.Database]
                    Write-Message -Message "New DbName (Hash) = $($History.Database)" -Level Verbose
                }
            }
            $History.Database = $DatabaseNamePrefix + $History.Database
            if ($true -ne $Continue) {
                $History.FileList | ForEach-Object {
                    if ($null -ne $FileMapping ) {
                        if ($null -ne $FileMapping[$_.LogicalName]) {
                            $_.PhysicalName = $FileMapping[$_.LogicalName]
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($ReplaceDbNameInFile -eq $true) {
                            $_.PhysicalName = $_.PhysicalName -Replace $History.OriginalDatabase, $History.Database
                        }
                        Write-message -Message " 1 PhysicalName = $($_.PhysicalName) " -Level Verbose
                        $Pname = [System.Io.FileInfo]$_.PhysicalName
                        $RestoreDir = $Pname.DirectoryName
                        if ($_.Type -eq 'D' -or $_.FileType -eq 'D') {
                            if ('' -ne $DataFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DataFileDirectory
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($_.Type -eq 'L' -or $_.FileType -eq 'L') {
                            if ('' -ne $LogFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $LogFileDirectory
                            }
                            elseif ('' -ne $DataFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DataFileDirectory
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($_.Type -eq 'S' -or $_.FileType -eq 'S') {
                            if ('' -ne $DestinationFileStreamDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DestinationFileStreamDirectory
                            }
                            elseif ('' -ne $DataFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DataFileDirectory
                            }
                        }

                        $_.PhysicalName = $RestoreDir + "\" + $DatabaseFilePrefix + $Pname.BaseName + $DatabaseFileSuffix + $pname.extension
                        Write-message -Message "PhysicalName = $($_.PhysicalName) " -Level Verbose
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($null -ne $RebaseBackupFolder) {
                $History.FullName | ForEach-Object {
                    $file = [System.IO.FileInfo]$_
                    $_ = $RebaseBackupFolder + "\" + $file.BaseName + $file.Extension
                }
            }
            $History
        }
    }

    End {

    }
}
function Get-DbaAgDatabase {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Outputs the databases involved in the Availability Group(s) found on the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Default view provides most common set of properties for information on the database in an Availability Group(s).
 
            Information returned on the database will be specific to that replica, whether it is primary or a secondary.
 
            This command will return an SMO object, but it is the AvailabilityDatabases object and not the Server.Databases object.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted).
 
        .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
            Specify the Availability Group name that you want to get information on.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specify the database(s) to pull information for. This list is auto-populated from the server for tab completion. Multiple databases can be specified. If none are specified all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup, Replica
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgDatabase
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns basic information on all the databases in each Availability Group found on sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a
 
            Returns basic information on all the databases in the Availability Group AG-a on sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a -Database AG-Database
 
            Returns basic information on the database AG-Database found in the Availability Group AG-a on server sqlserver2014a
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($serverName in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $serverName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsHadrEnabled -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Availability Group (HADR) is not configured for the instance: $serverName." -Target $serverName -Continue
            }

            $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups
            if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -in $AvailabilityGroup
            }

            foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                $agDatabases = $ag.AvailabilityDatabases
                foreach ($agDb in $agDatabases) {
                    if ($Database -and $agDb.Name -notmatch $Database) {
                        continue
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agDb -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agDb -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agDb -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agDb -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Replica -value $server.NetName

                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Parent as AvailabilityGroup', 'Replica', 'Name as DatabaseName', 'SynchronizationState', 'IsFailoverReady', 'IsJoined', 'IsSuspended'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agDb -Property $defaults
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentAlert {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns all SQL Agent alerts on a SQL Server Agent.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns SQL Agent alerts.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
            Tags: Agent, SMO
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentAlert
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB\instanceB
            Returns all SQL Agent alerts on serverA and serverB\instanceB
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'serverA','serverB\instanceB' | Get-DbaAgentAlert
            Returns all SQL Agent alerts on serverA and serverB\instanceB
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException

    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Edition from $server"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server is a $($server.Edition)"

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "There is no SQL Agent on $server, it's a $($server.Edition)" -Continue
            }

            $defaults = "ComputerName", "SqlInstance", "InstanceName", "Name", "ID", "JobName", "AlertType", "CategoryName", "Severity", "IsEnabled", "DelayBetweenResponses", "LastRaised", "OccurrenceCount"

            $alerts = $server.Jobserver.Alerts

            foreach ($alert in $alerts) {
                $lastraised = [dbadatetime]$alert.LastOccurrenceDate

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty Notifications -value $alert.EnumNotifications()
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty LastRaised -value $lastraised

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $alert -Property $defaults
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaAgentJob returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDisabledJobs
            Switch will exclude disabled jobs from the output.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Job, Agent
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Jobs on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all SQl Agent Jobs for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost -Job BackupData, BackupDiff
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Jobs named BackupData and BackupDiff from the local SQL Server instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeJob BackupDiff
 
            Returns all SQl Agent Jobs for the local SQL Server instances, except the BackupDiff Job.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost -NoDisabledJobs
 
            Returns all SQl Agent Jobs for the local SQL Server instances, excluding the disabled jobs.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers | Get-DbaAgentJob | Out-GridView -Passthru | Start-DbaAgentJob -WhatIf
 
            Find all of your Jobs from servers in the $server collection, select the jobs you want to start then see jobs would start if you ran Start-DbaAgentJob
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [switch]$NoDisabledJobs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
            if ($NoDisabledJobs) {
                $jobs = $Jobs | Where-Object IsEnabled -eq $true
            }

            foreach ($agentJob in $jobs) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $agentJob.Parent.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $agentJob.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $agentJob.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agentJob -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Category, OwnerLoginName, CurrentRunStatus, CurrentRunRetryAttempt, 'IsEnabled as Enabled', LastRunDate, LastRunOutcome, DateCreated, HasSchedule, OperatorToEmail, 'DateCreated as CreateDate'
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get-DbaAgentJobCategory retrieves the job categories.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Get-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to retrieve the job categories.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
             SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Category
            The name of the category to filter out. If no category is used all catgories will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER CategoryType
            The type of category. This can be "LocalJob", "MultiServerJob" or "None".
            If no category is used all catgories types will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
            Tags: Agent, Job, Job Category
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJobCategory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1
 
            Return all the job categories.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Log Shipping'
 
            Return all the job categories that have the name 'Log Shipping'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sstad-pc -CategoryType MultiServerJob
 
            Return all the job categories that have a type MultiServerJob.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [ValidateSet("LocalJob", "MultiServerJob", "None")]
        [string]$CategoryType,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # get all the job categories
            $jobCategories = $server.JobServer.JobCategories |
                Where-Object {
                ($_.Name -in $Category -or !$Category) -and
                ($_.CategoryType -in $CategoryType -or !$CategoryType)
            }

            # Set the default output
            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name', 'ID', 'CategoryType', 'JobCount'

            # Loop through each of the categories
            try {
                foreach ($cat in $jobCategories) {

                    # Get the jobs associated with the category
                    $jobCount = ($server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object {$_.CategoryID -eq $cat.ID}).Count

                    # Add new properties to the category object
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name JobCount -Value $jobCount

                    # Show the result
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $cat -Property $defaults
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Message "Failure. Collection may have been modified" -Continue
            }

        } # for each instance

    } # end process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished retrieving job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
function Get-DbaAgentJobHistory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets execution history of SQL Agent Job on instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory returns all information on the executions still available on each instance(s) of SQL Server submitted.
            The cleanup of SQL Agent history determines how many records are kept.
 
            https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms201680.aspx
            https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.agent.jobhistoryfilter(v=sql.120).aspx
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The name of the job from which the history is wanted. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER StartDate
            The DateTime starting from which the history is wanted. If unspecified, all available records will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER EndDate
            The DateTime before which the history is wanted. If unspecified, all available records will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER NoJobSteps
            Use this switch to discard all job steps, and return only the job totals
 
        .PARAMETER WithOutputFile
            Use this switch to retrieve the output file (only if you want step details). Bonus points, we handle the quirks
            of SQL Agent tokens to the best of our knowledge (https://technet.microsoft.com/it-it/library/ms175575(v=sql.110).aspx)
 
        .PARAMETER JobCollection
            An array of SMO jobs
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Job, Agent
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
            Editor: niphlod
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJobHistory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job execution results on the local default SQL Server instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job execution results for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sql1','sql2\Inst2K17' | Get-DbaAgentJobHistory
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job execution results for sql1 and sql2\Inst2K17.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 | select *
 
            Returns all properties for all SQl Agent Job execution results on sql2\Inst2K17.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -Job 'Output File Cleanup'
 
            Returns all properties for all SQl Agent Job execution results of the 'Output File Cleanup' job on sql2\Inst2K17.
 
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -Job 'Output File Cleanup' -WithOutputFile
 
            Returns all properties for all SQl Agent Job execution results of the 'Output File Cleanup' job on sql2\Inst2K17,
            with additional properties that show the output filename path
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -NoJobSteps
 
            Returns the SQL Agent Job execution results for the whole jobs on sql2\Inst2K17, leaving out job step execution results.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -StartDate '2017-05-22' -EndDate '2017-05-23 12:30:00'
 
            Returns the SQL Agent Job execution results between 2017/05/22 00:00:00 and 2017/05/23 12:30:00 on sql2\Inst2K17.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where Name -match backup | Get-DbaAgentJobHistory
 
            Gets all jobs with the name that match the regex pattern "backup" and then gets the job history from those. You can also use -Like *backup* in this example.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [DateTime]$StartDate = "1900-01-01",
        [DateTime]$EndDate = $(Get-Date),
        [switch]$NoJobSteps,
        [switch]$WithOutputFile,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Collection")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job]$JobCollection,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $filter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobHistoryFilter
        $filter.StartRunDate = $StartDate
        $filter.EndRunDate = $EndDate


        if ($NoJobSteps -and $WithOutputFile) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You can't use -NoJobSteps and -WithOutputFile together"
        }

        function Get-JobHistory {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Server,
                $Job,
                [switch]$WithOutputFile
            )
            $tokenrex = [regex]'\$\((?<method>[^()]+)\((?<tok>[^)]+)\)\)|\$\((?<tok>[^)]+)\)'
            $propmap = @{
                'INST'      = $Server.ServiceName
                'MACH'      = $Server.NetName
                'SQLDIR'    = $Server.InstallDataDirectory
                'SQLLOGDIR' = $Server.ErrorLogPath
                #'STEPCT' loop number ?
                'SRVR'      = $Server.DomainInstanceName
                # WMI( property ) impossible
            }


            $squote_rex = [regex]"(?<!')'(?!')"
            $dquote_rex = [regex]'(?<!")"(?!")'
            $rbrack_rex = [regex]'(?<!])](?!])'

            function Resolve-TokenEscape($method, $value) {
                if (!$method) {
                    return $value
                }
                $value = switch ($method) {
                    'ESCAPE_SQUOTE' { $squote_rex.Replace($value, "''") }
                    'ESCAPE_DQUOTE' { $dquote_rex.Replace($value, '""') }
                    'ESCAPE_RBRACKET' { $rbrack_rex.Replace($value, ']]') }
                    'ESCAPE_NONE' { $value }
                    default { $value }
                }
                return $value
            }

            #'STEPID' = stepid
            #'STRTTM' job begin time
            #'STRTDT' job begin date
            #'JOBID' = JobId
            function Resolve-JobToken($exec, $outfile, $outcome) {
                $n = $tokenrex.Matches($outfile)
                foreach ($x in $n) {
                    $tok = $x.Groups['tok'].Value
                    $EscMethod = $x.Groups['method'].Value
                    if ($propmap.containskey($tok)) {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $propmap[$tok]
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                    elseif ($tok -eq 'STEPID') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $exec.StepID
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                    elseif ($tok -eq 'JOBID') {
                        # convert(binary(16), ?)
                        $repl = @('0x') + @($exec.JobID.ToByteArray() | foreach { $_.ToString('X2') }) -join ''
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $repl
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                    elseif ($tok -eq 'STRTDT') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $outcome.RunDate.toString('yyyyMMdd')
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                    elseif ($tok -eq 'STRTTM') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value ([int]$outcome.RunDate.toString('HHmmss')).toString()
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                    elseif ($tok -eq 'DATE') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $exec.RunDate.toString('yyyyMMdd')
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                    elseif ($tok -eq 'TIME') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value ([int]$exec.RunDate.toString('HHmmss')).toString()
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                }
                return $outfile
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Message "Attempting to get job history from $instance" -Level Verbose
                if ($Job) {
                    foreach ($currentjob in $Job) {
                        $filter.JobName = $currentjob
                        $executions += $server.JobServer.EnumJobHistory($filter)
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $executions = $server.JobServer.EnumJobHistory($filter)
                }
                if ($NoJobSteps) {
                    $executions = $executions | Where-Object { $_.StepID -eq 0 }
                }

                if ($WithOutputFile) {
                    $outmap = @{}
                    $outfiles = Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance $Server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Job $Job

                    foreach ($out in $outfiles) {
                        if (!$outmap.ContainsKey($out.Job)) {
                            $outmap[$out.Job] = @{}
                        }
                        $outmap[$out.Job][$out.StepId] = $out.OutputFileName
                    }
                }
                $outcome = [pscustomobject]@{}
                foreach ($execution in $executions) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    if ($WithOutputFile) {
                        if ($execution.StepID -eq 0) {
                            $outcome = $execution
                        }
                        try {
                            $outname = $outmap[$execution.JobName][$execution.StepID]
                            $outname = Resolve-JobToken -exec $execution -outcome $outcome -outfile $outname
                            $outremote = Join-AdminUNC $Server.NetName $outname
                        }
                        catch {
                            $outname = ''
                            $outremote = ''
                        }
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OutputFileName -value $outname
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteOutputFileName -value $outremote
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $execution -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, 'JobName as Job', StepName, RunDate, RunDuration, RunStatus, OutputFileName, RemoteOutputFileName
                    }
                    else {
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $execution -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, 'JobName as Job', StepName, RunDate, RunDuration, RunStatus
                    }

                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not get Agent Job History from $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($JobCollection) {
            foreach ($currentjob in $JobCollection) {
                Get-JobHistory -Server $currentjob.Parent.Parent -Job $currentjob.Name -WithOutputFile:$WithOutputFile
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs.Name | Where-Object { $_ -notin $ExcludeJob }
                foreach ($currentjob in $jobs) {
                    Get-JobHistory -Server $server -Job $currentjob -WithOutputFile:$WithOutputFile
                }
            }
            else {
                Get-JobHistory -Server $server -Job $Job -WithOutputFile:$WithOutputFile
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile {
    <#
        .Synopsis
            Returns the Output File for each step of one or many agent job with the Job Names provided dynamically if
            required for one or more SQL Instances
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns for one or more SQL Instances the output file value for each step of one or many agent job with the Job Names
            provided dynamically. It will not return anything if there is no Output File
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SQLCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determiend by
            the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it
            contains a backslash.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Job
            Author: Rob Sewell (https://sqldbawithabeard.com)
            Editor: niphlod
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME -Job 'The Agent Job'
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of the The Agent Job Job
            on the SERVERNAME instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
            on the SERVERNAME instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME,SERVERNAME2 -Job 'The Agent Job'
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of the The Agent Job Job
            on the SERVERNAME instance and SERVERNAME2
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $Servers = 'SERVER','SERVER\INSTANCE1'
            Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance $Servers -Job 'The Agent Job' -OpenFile
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of the The Agent Job Job
            on the SERVER instance and the SERVER\INSTANCE1 and open the files if they are available
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME | Out-GridView
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
            on the SERVERNAME instance and Pipe them to Out-GridView
 
        .EXAMPLE
            (Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME | ogv -PassThru).FileName | Invoke-Item
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
            on the SERVERNAME instance and Pipe them to Out-GridView and enable you to choose the output
            file and open it
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME -Verbose
 
            This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
            on the SERVERNAME instance and also show the job steps without an output file
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = 'The SQL Server Instance',
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, HelpMessage = 'SQL Credential',
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            Position = 1)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $Server.JobServer.Jobs
            if ($Job) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
            foreach ($j in $Jobs) {
                foreach ($Step in $j.JobSteps) {
                    if ($Step.OutputFileName) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName         = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName         = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance          = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Job                  = $j.Name
                            JobStep              = $Step.Name
                            OutputFileName       = $Step.OutputFileName
                            RemoteOutputFileName = Join-AdminUNC $Server.NetName $Step.OutputFileName
                            StepId               = $Step.Id
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty StepId
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step for $j has no output file"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Agent Job Step information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaAgentJobStep returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job Step for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDisabledJobs
            Switch will exclude disabled jobs from the output.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Job, Agent
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas), http://powerdba.eu
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJobStep
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all SQl Agent Job Steps for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost -Job BackupData, BackupDiff
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps for the jobs named BackupData and BackupDiff from the local SQL Server instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeJob BackupDiff
 
            Returns all SQl Agent Job Steps for the local SQL Server instances, except for the BackupDiff Job.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost -NoDisabledJobs
 
            Returns all SQl Agent Job Steps for the local SQL Server instances, excluding the disabled jobs.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers | Get-DbaAgentJobStep
 
            Find all of your Job Steps from servers in the $server collection
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [switch]$NoDisabledJobs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting jobs on $instance"
            $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
            if ($NoDisabledJobs) {
                $jobs = $Jobs | Where-Object IsEnabled -eq $true
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting job steps on $instance"
            foreach ($agentJobStep in $jobs.jobsteps) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Parent.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AgentJob -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Name

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agentJobStep -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, AgentJob, Name, SubSystem, LastRunDate, LastRunOutcome, State
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the "SQL Agent Error Log" of an instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the "SQL Agent Error Log" of an instance. Returns all 10 error logs by default.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER LogNumber
        An Int32 value that specifies the index number of the error log required. Error logs are listed 0 through 9 where 0 is the current error log and 9 is the oldest.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentLog
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaAgentLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
 
        Returns the entire error log for the SQL Agent on sql01\sharepoint
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaAgentLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -LogNumber 3, 6
 
        Returns log numbers 3 and 6 for the SQL Agent on sql01\sharepoint
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        $servers | Get-DbaAgentLog -LogNumber 0
 
        Returns the most recent SQL Agent error logs for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [ValidateRange(0, 9)]
        [int[]]$LogNumber,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($LogNumber) {
                foreach ($number in $lognumber) {
                    try {
                        foreach ($object in $server.JobServer.ReadErrorLog($number)) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                            # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, ProcessInfo, Text
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Target $server -Message "Could not read from SQL Server Agent"
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    foreach ($object in $server.JobServer.ReadErrorLog()) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                        # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, ProcessInfo, Text
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Target $server -Message "Could not read from SQL Server Agent"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentOperator {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns all SQL Agent operators on a SQL Server Agent.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns SQL Agent operators.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Operator
            The operator(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all operators will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeOperator
            The operator(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Operator
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentOperator
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB\instanceB
 
            Returns any SQL Agent operators on serverA and serverB\instanceB
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'ServerA','ServerB\instanceB' | Get-DbaAgentOperator
 
            Returns all SQL Agent operators on serverA and serverB\instanceB
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance ServerA -Operator Dba1,Dba2
 
            Returns only the SQL Agent Operators Dba1 and Dba2 on ServerA.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB -ExcludeOperator Dba3
 
            Returns all the SQL Agent operators on ServerA and ServerB, except the Dba3 operator.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Operator,
        [object[]]$ExcludeOperator,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Edition from $server"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server is a $($server.Edition)"

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "There is no SQL Agent on $server, it's a $($server.Edition)" -Continue -Target $server
            }

            $defaults = "ComputerName", "SqlInstance", "InstanceName", "Name", "ID", "Enabled as IsEnabled", "EmailAddress", "LastEmail"

            if ($Operator) {
                $operators = $server.JobServer.Operators | Where-Object Name -In $Operator
            }
            elseif ($ExcludeOperator) {
                $operators = $server.JobServer.Operators | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeOperator
            }
            else {
                $operators = $server.JobServer.Operators
            }

            foreach ($operat in $operators) {

                $jobs = $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $_.OperatorToEmail, $_.OperatorToNetSend, $_.OperatorToPage -contains $operat.Name }
                $lastemail = [dbadatetime]$operat.LastEmailDate

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RelatedJobs -Value $jobs
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastEmail -Value $lastemail
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $operat -Property $defaults
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns all SQL Agent Shared Schedules on a SQL Server Agent.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns SQL Agent Shared Schedules.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Schedule
            Parameter to filter the schedules returned
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Schedule
            Author: Chris McKeown (@devopsfu), http://www.devopsfu.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentSchedule
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Shared Schedules on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Shared Schedules for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Schedules")]
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Get-ScheduleDescription {
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [object]$Schedule

            )

            # Get the culture to make sure the right date and time format is displayed
            $datetimeFormat = (Get-culture).DateTimeFormat

            # Set the intial description
            $description = ""

            # Get the date and time values
            $startDate = Get-Date $Schedule.ActiveStartDate -format $datetimeFormat.ShortDatePattern
            $startTime = Get-Date ($Schedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay.ToString()) -format $datetimeFormat.LongTimePattern
            $endDate = Get-Date $Schedule.ActiveEndDate -format $datetimeFormat.ShortDatePattern
            $endTime = Get-Date ($Schedule.ActiveEndTimeOfDay.ToString()) -format $datetimeFormat.LongTimePattern

            # Start setting the description based on the frequency type
            switch ($schedule.FrequencyTypes) {
                {($_ -eq 1) -or ($_ -eq "Once")} { $description += "Occurs on $startDate at $startTime" }
                {($_ -in 4, 8, 16, 32) -or ($_ -in "Daily", "Weekly", "Monthly")} { $description += "Occurs every "}
                {($_ -eq 64) -or ($_ -eq "AutoStart")} {$description += "Start automatically when SQL Server Agent starts "}
                {($_ -eq 128) -or ($_ -eq "OnIdle")} {$description += "Start whenever the CPUs become idle"}
            }

            # Check the frequency types for daily or weekly i.e.
            switch ($schedule.FrequencyTypes) {
                # Daily
                {$_ -in 4, "Daily"} {
                    if ($Schedule.FrequencyInterval -eq 1) {
                        $description += "day "
                    }
                    elseif ($Schedule.FrequencyInterval -gt 1) {
                        $description += "$($Schedule.FrequencyInterval) day(s) "
                    }
                }

                # Weekly
                {$_ -in 8, "Weekly"} {
                    # Check if it's for one or more weeks
                    if ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -eq 1) {
                        $description += "week on "
                    }
                    elseif ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -gt 1) {
                        $description += "$($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) week(s) on "
                    }

                    # Save the interval for the loop
                    $frequencyInterval = $Schedule.FrequencyInterval

                    # Create the array to hold the days
                    $days = ($false, $false, $false, $false, $false, $false, $false)

                    # Loop through the days
                    while ($frequencyInterval -gt 0) {

                        switch ($FrequenctInterval) {
                            {($frequencyInterval - 64) -ge 0} {
                                $days[5] = "Saturday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 64
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 32) -ge 0} {
                                $days[4] = "Friday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 32
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 16) -ge 0} {
                                $days[3] = "Thursday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 16
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 8) -ge 0} {
                                $days[2] = "Wednesday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 8
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 4) -ge 0} {
                                $days[1] = "Tuesday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 4
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 2) -ge 0} {
                                $days[0] = "Monday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 2
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 1) -ge 0} {
                                $days[6] = "Sunday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 1
                            }
                        }

                    }

                    # Add the days to the description by selecting the days and exploding the array
                    $description += ($days | Where-Object {$_ -ne $false}) -join ", "
                    $description += " "

                }

                # Monthly
                {$_ -in 16, "Monthly"} {
                    # Check if it's for one or more months
                    if ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -eq 1) {
                        $description += "month "
                    }
                    elseif ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -gt 1) {
                        $description += "$($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) month(s) "
                    }

                    # Add the interval
                    $description += "on day $($Schedule.FrequencyInterval) of that month "
                }

                # Monthly relative
                {$_ -in 32, "MonthlyRelative"} {
                    # Check for the relative day
                    switch ($Schedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals) {
                        {$_ -in 1, "First"} {$description += "first "}
                        {$_ -in 2, "Second"} {$description += "second "}
                        {$_ -in 4, "Third"} {$description += "third "}
                        {$_ -in 8, "Fourth"} {$description += "fourth "}
                        {$_ -in 16, "Last"} {$description += "last "}
                    }

                    # Get the relative day of the week
                    switch ($Schedule.FrequencyInterval) {
                        1 { $description += "Sunday "}
                        2 { $description += "Monday "}
                        3 { $description += "Tuesday "}
                        4 { $description += "Wednesday "}
                        5 { $description += "Thursday "}
                        6 { $description += "Friday "}
                        7 { $description += "Saturday "}
                        8 { $description += "Day "}
                        9 { $description += "Weekday "}
                        10 { $description += "Weekend day "}
                    }

                    $description += "of every $($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) month(s) "

                }
            }

            # Check the frequency type
            if ($schedule.FrequencyTypes -notin 64, 128) {

                # Check the subday types for minutes or hours i.e.
                if ($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval -in 0, 1) {
                    $description += "at $startTime. "
                }
                else {

                    switch ($Schedule.FrequencySubDayTypes) {
                        {$_ -in 2, "Seconds"} { $description += "every $($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval) second(s) "}
                        {$_ -in 4, "Minutes"} {$description += "every $($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval) minute(s) " }
                        {$_ -in 8, "Hours"} { $description += "every $($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval) hour(s) " }
                    }

                    $description += "between $startTime and $endTime. "
                }

                # Check if an end date has been given
                if ($Schedule.ActiveEndDate.Year -eq 9999) {
                    $description += "Schedule will be used starting on $startDate."
                }
                else {
                    $description += "Schedule will used between $startDate and $endDate."
                }
            }

            return $description
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$($server.Edition) does not support SQL Server Agent. Skipping $server." -Continue
            }

            if ($Schedule) {
                $scheduleCollection = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Schedule }
            }
            else {
                $scheduleCollection = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules
            }

        }

        $defaults = "ComputerName", "InstanceName", "SqlInstance", "Name as ScheduleName", "ActiveEndDate", "ActiveEndTimeOfDay", "ActiveStartDate", "ActiveStartTimeOfDay", "DateCreated", "FrequencyInterval", "FrequencyRecurrenceFactor", "FrequencyRelativeIntervals", "FrequencySubDayInterval", "FrequencySubDayTypes", "FrequencyTypes", "IsEnabled", "JobCount", "Description"

        foreach ($schedule in $scheduleCollection) {
            $description = Get-ScheduleDescription -Schedule $schedule

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.NetName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty Description -Value $description

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $schedule -Property $defaults
        }

    }
}
function Get-DbaAgHadr {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets the Hadr service setting on the specified SQL Server instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets the Hadr setting, from the service level, and returns true or false for the specified SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the Windows server itself as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton | http://blog.wsmelton.info)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgHadr
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Returns a status of the Hadr setting for sql2016 SQL Server instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $computer = $instance.ComputerName
                $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName
                $computerName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential).FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $computer"
                $currentState = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services[$args[0]] | Select-Object IsHadrEnabled } -ArgumentList $instanceName -Credential $Credential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure connecting to $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName  = $computerName
                InstanceName  = $instanceName
                SqlInstance   = $instance.FullName
                IsHadrEnabled = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgListener {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Outputs the name of the Listener for the Availability Group(s) found on the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Default view provides most common set of properties for information on the database in an Availability Group(s).
 
            Information returned on the database will be specific to that replica, whether it is primary or a secondary.
 
            This command will return an SMO object, but it is the AvailabilityDatabases object and not the Server.Databases object.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted).
 
        .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
            Specify the Availability Group name that you want to get information on.
 
        .PARAMETER Listener
            Specify the Listener name that you want to get information on.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup, Replica
            Author: Viorel Ciucu (@viorelciucu)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgListener
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns basic information on the listener found on sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a
 
            Returns basic information on the listener found on sqlserver2014a in the Availability Group AG-a
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [object[]]$Listener,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($serverName in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $serverName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsHadrEnabled -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Availability Group (HADR) is not configured for the instance: $serverName." -Target $serverName -Continue
            }

            $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups
            if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -in $AvailabilityGroup
            }

            if ($Listener) {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object AvailabilityGroupListeners -match $Listener
                if ($ags.Length -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "We could not find the listener $Listener on $serverName" -Target $serverName -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($ag in $ags) {

                $Listener = $ag.AvailabilityGroupListeners
                $defaults = 'Parent as AvailabilityGroupName', 'Name as ListenerName', 'PortNumber', 'ClusterIPConfiguration'

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $Listener -Property $defaults
            }

        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgReplica {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Outputs the Availability Group(s)' Replica object found on the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Default view provides most common set of properties for information on the Availability Group(s)' Replica.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
        .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
            Specify the Availability Group name that you want to get information on.
 
        .PARAMETER Replica
            Specify the replica to pull information on, is dependent up name that you want to get information on.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup, Replica
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton) | Chrissy LeMaire (@ctrlb)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgReplica
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns basic information on all the Availability Group(s) replica(s) found on sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a
 
            Shows basic information on the replica(s) found on Availability Group AG-a on sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Select *
 
            Returns full object properties on all Availability Group(s) replica(s) on sqlserver2014a
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [object[]]$Replica,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($serverName in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $serverName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsHadrEnabled -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Availability Group (HADR) is not configured for the instance: $serverName" -Target $serverName -Continue
            }

            $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups
            if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -in $AvailabilityGroup
            }

            foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                $replicas = $ag.AvailabilityReplicas
                foreach ($currentReplica in $replicas) {
                    if ($Replica -and $currentReplica.Name -notmatch $Replica) {
                        continue
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentReplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentReplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentReplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Parent as AvailabilityGroup', 'Name as Replica', 'Role', 'ConnectionState', 'RollupSynchronizationState', 'AvailabilityMode', 'BackupPriority', 'EndpointUrl', 'SessionTimeout', 'FailoverMode', 'ReadonlyRoutingList'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentReplica -Property $defaults
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Outputs the Availability Group(s) object found on the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Default view provides most common set of properties for information on the Availability Group(s).
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass this $cred to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
            Specifies the Availability Group name that you want to get information on.
 
        .PARAMETER IsPrimary
            If this switch is enabled, a boolean indicating whether SqlInstance is the Primary replica in the AG is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, AG, AvailabilityGroup
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton) | Chrissy LeMaire (@ctrlb)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns basic information on all the Availability Group(s) found on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a
 
            Shows basic information on the Availability Group AG-a on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Select *
 
            Returns full object properties on all Availability Group(s) on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a -IsPrimary
 
            Returns true/false if the server, sqlserver2014a, is the primary replica for AG-a Availability Group.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [switch]$IsPrimary,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($serverName in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $serverName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsHadrEnabled -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Availability Group (HADR) is not configured for the instance: $serverName." -Target $serverName -Continue
            }

            $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups
            if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -in $AvailabilityGroup
            }

            foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                if ($IsPrimary) {
                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name as AvailabilityGroup', 'IsPrimary'
                    $value = $false
                    if ($ag.PrimaryReplicaServerName -eq $server.Name) {
                        $value = $true
                    }
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsPrimary -Value $value
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ag -Property $defaults
                }
                else {
                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'LocalReplicaRole', 'Name as AvailabilityGroup', 'PrimaryReplicaServerName as PrimaryReplica', 'AutomatedBackupPreference', 'AvailabilityReplicas', 'AvailabilityDatabases', 'AvailabilityGroupListeners'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ag -Property $defaults
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAvailableCollation {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Function to get available collations for a given SQL Server
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaAvailableCollation function returns the list of collations available on each SQL Server.
            Only the connect permission is required to get this information.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance, or instances. Only connect permission is required.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Bryan Hamby (@galador)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAvailableCollation
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAvailableCollation -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Gets all the collations from server sql2016 using NT authentication
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #Functions to get/cache the code page and language description.
        #It runs about 9x faster caching these (2 vs 18 seconds) in my test,
        #since there are so many duplicates

        #No longer supported by Windows, but still shows up in SQL Server
        #http://www.databaseteam.org/1-ms-sql-server/982faddda7a789a1.htm
        $locales = @{66577 = "Japanese_Unicode"}
        $codePages = @{}

        function Get-LocaleDescription ($LocaleId) {
            if ($locales.ContainsKey($LocaleId)) {
                $localeName = $locales.Get_Item($LocaleId)
            }
            else {
                try {
                    $localeName = (Get-Language $LocaleId).DisplayName
                }
                catch {
                    $localeName = $null
                }
                $locales.Set_Item($LocaleId, $localeName)
            }
            return $localeName
        }

        function Get-CodePageDescription ($codePageId) {
            if ($codePages.ContainsKey($codePageId)) {
                $codePageName = $codePages.Get_Item($codePageId)
            }
            else {
                try {
                    $codePageName = (Get-CodePage $codePageId).EncodingName
                }
                catch {
                    $codePageName = $null
                }
                $codePages.Set_Item($codePageId, $codePageName)
            }
            return $codePageName
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $availableCollations = $server.EnumCollations()
            foreach ($collation in $availableCollations) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CodePageName -Value (Get-CodePageDescription $collation.CodePage)
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LocaleName -Value (Get-LocaleDescription $collation.LocaleID)
            }

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $availableCollations -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, CodePage, CodePageName, LocaleID, LocaleName, Description
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaBackupDevice {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Backup Device information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaBackupDevice command gets SQL Backup Device information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Backup
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBackupDevice
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupDevice -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all Backup Devices on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupDevice -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all Backup Devices for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($backupDevice in $server.BackupDevices) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $backupDevice -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $backupDevice.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $backupDevice -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $backupDevice.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $backupDevice -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $backupDevice.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $backupDevice -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, BackupDeviceType, PhysicalLocation, SkipTapeLabel
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaBackupHistory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns backup history details for databases on a SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns backup history details for some or all databases on a SQL Server.
 
            You can even get detailed information (including file path) for latest full, differential and log files.
 
            Backups taken with the CopyOnly option will NOT be returned, unless the IncludeCopyOnly switch is present
 
            Reference: http://www.sqlhub.com/2011/07/find-your-backup-history-in-sql-server.html
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeCopyOnly
            By default Get-DbaBackupHistory will ignore backups taken with the CopyOnly option. This switch will include them
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, a large amount of information is returned, similar to what SQL Server itself returns.
 
        .PARAMETER Since
            Specifies a Datetimeobject to use as the starting point for the search for backups.
 
        .PARAMETER Last
            If this switch is enabled, the most recent full chain of full, diff and log backup sets is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER LastFull
            If this switch is enabled, the most recent full backup set is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER LastDiff
            If this switch is enabled, the most recent differential backup set is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER LastLog
            If this switch is enabled, the most recent log backup is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER DeviceType
            Specifieds a filter for backupsets based on DeviceTypees. Valid options are 'Disk','Permanent Disk Device', 'Tape', 'Permanent Tape Device','Pipe','Permanent Pipe Device','Virtual Device', in addition to custom integers for your own DeviceTypes.
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            If this switch is enabled, one object per backup file is returned. Otherwise, mediasets (striped backups across multiple files) will be grouped into a single return object.
 
        .PARAMETER Type
            Specifies one or more types of backups to return. Valid options are 'Full', 'Log', 'Differential', 'File', 'Differential File', 'Partial Full', and 'Partial Differential'. Otherwise, all types of backups will be returned unless one of the -Last* switches is enabled.
 
        .PARAMETER LastLsn
            Specifies a minimum LSN to use in filtering backup history. Only backups with an LSN greater than this value will be returned, which helps speed the retrieval process.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a
 
            Returns server name, database, username, backup type, date for all backups databases on SqlInstance2014a. This may return many rows; consider using filters that are included in other examples.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Does the same as above but logs in as SQL user "sqladmin"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -Database db1, db2 -Since '7/1/2016 10:47:00'
 
            Returns backup information only for databases db1 and db2 on SqlInstance2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs -Force | Format-Table
 
            Returns information only for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs and formats the results as a table.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last
 
            Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last -DeviceType Disk
 
            Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014, but only for backups to disk.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last -DeviceType 148,107
 
            Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014, but only for backups with device_type 148 and 107.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -LastFull
 
            Returns information about the most recent full backup for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full
 
            Returns information about all Full backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Get-DbaBackupHistory
 
            Returns database backup information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a, sql2016 -Force
 
            Returns detailed backup history for all databases on SqlInstance2014a and sql2016.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage, DisasterRecovery, Backup
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBackupHistory
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeCopyOnly,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLast")]
        [switch]$Force,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLast")]
        [DateTime]$Since,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$Last,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$LastFull,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$LastDiff,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$LastLog,
        [string[]]$DeviceType,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [bigint]$LastLsn,
        [ValidateSet("Full", "Log", "Differential", "File", "Differential File", "Partial Full", "Partial Differential")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Active Parameterset: $($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName)."
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"


        $DeviceTypeMapping = @{
            'Disk'                  = 2
            'Permanent Disk Device' = 102
            'Tape'                  = 5
            'Permanent Tape Device' = 105
            'Pipe'                  = 6
            'Permanent Pipe Device' = 106
            'Virtual Device'        = 7
            'URL'                   = 9
        }
        $DeviceTypeFilter = @()
        foreach ($DevType in $DeviceType) {
            if ($DevType -in $DeviceTypeMapping.Keys) {
                $DeviceTypeFilter += $DeviceTypeMapping[$DevType]
            }
            else {
                $DeviceTypeFilter += $DevType
            }
        }
        $BackupTypeMapping = @{
            'Log'                  = 'L'
            'Full'                 = 'D'
            'File'                 = 'F'
            'Differential'         = 'I'
            'Differential File'    = 'G'
            'Partial Full'         = 'P'
            'Partial Differential' = 'Q'
        }
        $BackupTypeFilter = @()
        foreach ($TypeFilter in $Type) {
            $BackupTypeFilter += $BackupTypeMapping[$TypeFilter]
        }

    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance." -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 2000 not supported." -Category LimitsExceeded -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 10) {
                # 2008 introduced compressed_backup_size
                $BackupCols = "
                backupset.backup_size AS TotalSize,
                backupset.compressed_backup_size as CompressedBackupSize"
            }
            else {
                $BackupCols = "
                backupset.backup_size AS TotalSize,
                NULL as CompressedBackupSize"
            }


            $databases = @()
            if ($null -ne $Database) {
                ForEach ($db in $Database) {
                    $databases += [PScustomObject]@{name = $db}
                }
            }
            else {
                $databases = $server.Databases
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            foreach ($d in $DeviceTypeFilter) {
                $DeviceTypeFilterRight = "IN ('" + ($DeviceTypeFilter -Join "','") + "')"
            }

            foreach ($b in $BackupTypeFilter) {
                $BackupTypeFilterRight = "IN ('" + ($BackupTypeFilter -Join "','") + "')"
            }

            if ($last) {

                foreach ($db in $databases) {

                    #Get the full and build upwards
                    $allbackups = @()
                    $allbackups += $Fulldb = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -LastFull -raw:$Raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly
                    $DiffDB = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -LastDiff -raw:$Raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly
                    if ($DiffDb.LastLsn -gt $Fulldb.LastLsn -and $DiffDb.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $Fulldb.CheckPointLSN ) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Valid Differential backup "
                        $Allbackups += $DiffDB
                        $TLogStartLSN = ($diffdb.FirstLsn -as [bigint])
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No Diff found"
                        try {
                            [bigint]$TLogStartLSN = $Fulldb.FirstLsn.ToString()
                        }
                        catch {
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                    $Allbackups += Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -raw:$raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -LastLsn $TLogstartLSN -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly | Where-Object {
                        $_.Type -eq 'Log' -and [bigint]$_.LastLsn -gt [bigint]$TLogstartLSN -and [bigint]$_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq [bigint]$Fulldb.CheckPointLSN -and $_.LastRecoveryForkGuid -eq $Fulldb.LastRecoveryForkGuid
                    }
                    #This line does the output for -Last!!!
                    $Allbackups |  Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type

                }
                continue
            }

            if ($LastFull -or $LastDiff -or $LastLog) {
                #$sql = @()
                if ($LastFull) {
                    $first = 'D'; $second = 'P'
                }
                if ($LastDiff) {
                    $first = 'I'; $second = 'Q'
                }
                if ($LastLog) {
                    $first = 'L'; $second = 'L'
                }
                $databases = $databases | Select-Object -Unique -Property Name
                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name)" -Target $db
                    $wherecopyonly = $null
                    if ($true -ne $IncludeCopyOnly) {
                        $wherecopyonly = " AND is_copy_only='0' "
                    }
                    if ($DeviceTypeFilter) {
                        $DevTypeFilterWhere = "AND mediafamily.device_type $DeviceTypeFilterRight"
                    }
                    $sql += "
                                SELECT
                                    a.BackupSetRank,
                                    a.Server,
                                    a.[Database],
                                    a.Username,
                                    a.Start,
                                    a.[End],
                                    a.Duration,
                                    a.[Path],
                                    a.Type,
                                    a.TotalSize,
                                    a.CompressedBackupSize,
                                    a.MediaSetId,
                                    a.BackupSetID,
                                    a.Software,
                                     a.position,
                                     a.first_lsn,
                                     a.database_backup_lsn,
                                     a.checkpoint_lsn,
                                     a.last_lsn,
                                    a.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
                                     a.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
                                     a.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
                                     a.last_lsn as 'Lastlsn',
                                     a.software_major_version,
                                    a.DeviceType,
                                    a.is_copy_only,
                                    a.last_recovery_fork_guid
                                FROM (SELECT
                                  RANK() OVER (ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn desc, backupset.backup_finish_date DESC) AS 'BackupSetRank',
                                  backupset.database_name AS [Database],
                                  backupset.user_name AS Username,
                                  backupset.backup_start_date AS Start,
                                  backupset.server_name as [Server],
                                  backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
                                  DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
                                  mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
                                  $BackupCols,
                                  CASE backupset.type
                                    WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
                                    WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
                                    WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
                                    WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                                    WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
                                    WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
                                    WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
                                    ELSE NULL
                                  END AS Type,
                                  backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
                                  mediafamily.media_family_id as mediafamilyid,
                                  backupset.backup_set_id as BackupSetID,
                                  CASE mediafamily.device_type
                                    WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
                                    WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
                                    WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
                                    WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
                                    WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
                                    WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
                                    WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
                                    WHEN 9 THEN 'URL'
                                    ELSE 'Unknown'
                                    END AS DeviceType,
                                  backupset.position,
                                  backupset.first_lsn,
                                  backupset.database_backup_lsn,
                                  backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
                                  backupset.last_lsn,
                                  backupset.software_major_version,
                                  mediaset.software_name AS Software,
                                  backupset.is_copy_only,
                                  backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid
                                FROM msdb..backupmediafamily AS mediafamily
                                JOIN msdb..backupmediaset AS mediaset
                                  ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                                JOIN msdb..backupset AS backupset
                                  ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                                WHERE backupset.database_name = '$($db.Name)' $wherecopyonly
                                AND (type = '$first' OR type = '$second')
                                $DevTypeFilterWhere
                                ) AS a
                                WHERE a.BackupSetRank = 1
                                ORDER BY a.Type;
                                "
                }
                $sql = $sql -join "; "
            }
            else {
                if ($Force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT * "
                }
                else {
                    $select = "
                            SELECT
                              backupset.database_name AS [Database],
                              backupset.user_name AS Username,
                              backupset.server_name as [server],
                              backupset.backup_start_date AS [Start],
                              backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
                              DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
                              mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
                              $BackupCols,
                              CASE backupset.type
                                WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
                                WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
                                WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
                                WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                                WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
                                WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
                                WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
                                ELSE NULL
                              END AS Type,
                              backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
                              mediafamily.media_family_id as mediafamilyid,
                              backupset.backup_set_id as backupsetid,
                              CASE mediafamily.device_type
                                WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
                                WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
                                WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
                                WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
                                WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
                                WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
                                WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
                                WHEN 9 THEN 'URL'
                                ELSE 'Unknown'
                              END AS DeviceType,
                              backupset.position,
                              backupset.first_lsn,
                              backupset.database_backup_lsn,
                              backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
                              backupset.last_lsn,
                              backupset.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
                              backupset.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
                              backupset.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
                              backupset.last_lsn as 'Lastlsn',
                              backupset.software_major_version,
                              mediaset.software_name AS Software,
                              backupset.is_copy_only,
                              backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid"
                }

                $from = " FROM msdb..backupmediafamily mediafamily
                             INNER JOIN msdb..backupmediaset mediaset ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                             INNER JOIN msdb..backupset backupset ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id"
                if ($Database -or $Since -or $Last -or $LastFull -or $LastLog -or $LastDiff -or $DeviceTypeFilter -or $LastLsn -or $BackupTypeFilter) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }

                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Database.length -gt 0) {
                    $dblist = $Database -join "','"
                    $wherearray += "database_name IN ('$dblist')"
                }

                if ($true -ne $IncludeCopyOnly) {
                    $wherearray += "is_copy_only='0'"
                }

                if ($Last -or $LastFull -or $LastLog -or $LastDiff) {
                    $tempwhere = $wherearray -join " AND "
                    $wherearray += "type = 'Full' AND mediaset.media_set_id = (SELECT TOP 1 mediaset.media_set_id $from $tempwhere ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn DESC)"
                }

                if ($null -ne $Since) {
                    $wherearray += "backupset.backup_finish_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }

                if ($DeviceTypeFilter) {
                    $wherearray += "mediafamily.device_type $DeviceTypeFilterRight"
                }
                if ($BackupTypeFilter) {
                    $wherearray += "backupset.type $BackupTypeFilterRight"
                }

                if ($LastLsn) {
                    $wherearray += "backupset.last_lsn > $LastLsn"
                }
                if ($where.length -gt 0) {
                    $wherearray = $wherearray -join " AND "
                    $where = "$where $wherearray"
                }

                $sql = "$select $from $where ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn DESC"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Executing sql query."
            $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty BackupSetRank, RowError, Rowstate, table, itemarray, haserrors

            if ($raw) {
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as Raw Output."
                $results | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "FullName"; Expression = { $_.Path } }
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($results.Count) result sets found."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as grouped output."
                $GroupedResults = $results | Group-Object -Property backupsetid
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($GroupedResults.Count) result-groups found."
                $groupResults = @()
                $BackupSetIds = $GroupedResults.Name
                $BackupSetIds_List = $BackupSetIds -Join "','"
                $BackupSetIds_Where = "backup_set_id IN ('$BackupSetIds_List')"
                $fileAllSql = "SELECT backup_set_id, file_type as FileType, logical_name as LogicalName, physical_name as PhysicalName
                               FROM msdb..backupfile WHERE $BackupSetIds_Where"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "FileSQL: $fileAllSql"
                $FileListResults = $server.Query($fileAllSql)
                foreach ($group in $GroupedResults) {
                    $CompressedBackupSize = $group.Group[0].CompressedBackupSize
                    if ($CompressedBackupSize -eq [System.DBNull]::Value) {
                        $CompressedBackupSize = $null
                        $ratio = 1
                    }
                    else {
                        $ratio = [Math]::Round(($group.Group[0].TotalSize) / ($CompressedBackupSize), 2)
                    }
                    $historyObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory
                    $historyObject.ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    $historyObject.InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    $historyObject.SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $historyObject.Database = $group.Group[0].Database
                    $historyObject.UserName = $group.Group[0].UserName
                    $historyObject.Start = ($group.Group.Start | Measure-Object -Minimum).Minimum
                    $historyObject.End = ($group.Group.End | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                    $historyObject.Duration = New-TimeSpan -Seconds ($group.Group.Duration | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                    $historyObject.Path = $group.Group.Path
                    $historyObject.TotalSize = $group.Group[0].TotalSize
                    $historyObject.CompressedBackupSize = $CompressedBackupSize
                    $HistoryObject.CompressionRatio = $ratio
                    $historyObject.Type = $group.Group[0].Type
                    $historyObject.BackupSetId = $group.Group[0].BackupSetId
                    $historyObject.DeviceType = $group.Group[0].DeviceType
                    $historyObject.Software = $group.Group[0].Software
                    $historyObject.FullName = $group.Group.Path
                    $historyObject.FileList = $FileListResults | Where-Object backup_set_id -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID | Select-Object FileType, LogicalName, PhysicalName
                    $historyObject.Position = $group.Group[0].Position
                    $historyObject.FirstLsn = $group.Group[0].First_LSN
                    $historyObject.DatabaseBackupLsn = $group.Group[0].database_backup_lsn
                    $historyObject.CheckpointLsn = $group.Group[0].checkpoint_lsn
                    $historyObject.LastLsn = $group.Group[0].Last_Lsn
                    $historyObject.SoftwareVersionMajor = $group.Group[0].Software_Major_Version
                    $historyObject.IsCopyOnly = ($group.Group[0].is_copy_only -eq 1)
                    $HistoryObject.LastRecoveryForkGuid = $group.Group[0].last_recovery_fork_guid
                    $groupResults += $historyObject
                }
                $groupResults | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Scan backup files and creates a set, compatible with Restore-DbaDatabase
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Upon bein passed a list of potential backups files this command will scan the files, select those that contain SQL Server
        backup sets. It will then filter those files down to a set
 
        The function defaults to working on a remote instance. This means that all paths passed in must be relative to the remote instance.
        XpDirTree will be used to perform the file scans
 
        Various means can be used to pass in a list of files to be considered. The default is to non recursively scan the folder
        passed in.
 
    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to SQL Server backup files.
 
        Paths passed in as strings will be scanned using the desired method, default is a non recursive folder scan
        Accepts multiple paths seperated by ','
 
        Or it can consist of FileInfo objects, such as the output of Get-ChildItem or Get-Item. This allows you to work with
        your own filestructures as needed
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance to be used to read the headers of the backup files
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        An arrary of Database Names to filter by. If empty all databases are returned.
 
    .PARAMETER SourceInstance
        If provided only backup originating from this destination will be returned. This SQL instance will not be connected to or involved in this work
 
    .PARAMETER NoXpDirTree
        If this switch is set, then Files will be parsed as locally files. This can cause failures if the running user can see files that the parsing SQL Instance cannot
 
    .PARAMETER DirectoryRecurse
        If specified the specified directory will be recursed into (only applies if not using XpDirTree)
 
    .PARAMETER Anonymise
        If specified we will output the results with ComputerName, InstanceName, Database, UserName, and Paths hashed out
        This options is mainly for use if we need you to submit details for fault finding to the dbatools team
 
    .PARAMETER ExportPath
        If specified the ouput will export via CliXml format to the specified file. This allows you to store the backup history object for later usage, or move it between computers
 
    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        If specified will stop Export from overwriting an existing file, the default is to overwrite
 
    .PARAMETER PassThru
        When data is exported the cmdlet will return no other output, this switch means it will also return the normal output which can be then piped into another command
 
    .PARAMETER MaintenanceSolution
        This switch tells the function that the folder is the root of a Ola Hallengren backup folder
 
    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogBackup
        This switch only works with the MaintenanceSolution switch. With an Ola Hallengren style backup we can be sure that the LOG folder contains only log backups and skip it.
        For all other scenarios we need to read the file headers to be sure.
 
    .PARAMETER Import
        When specified along with a path the command will import a previously exported BackupHistory object from an xml file.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        Replaces user friendly yellow warnings with bloody red exceptions of doom!
        Use this if you want the function to throw terminating errors you want to catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path c:\backups\ -DirectoryRecurse
 
        Will use the Server1 instance to recursively read all backup files under c:\backups, and return a dbatool BackupHistory object
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path c:\backups\ -DirectoryRecurse -ExportPath c:\store\BackupHistory.xml
 
        #Copy the file c:\store\BackupHistory.xml to another machine via preferred technique, and the on 2nd machine:
 
        Get-DbaBackupInformation -Import -Path c:\store\BackupHistory.xml | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server2 -TrustDbBackupHistory
 
        This allows you to move backup history across servers, or to preserve backuphistory even after the original server has been purged
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path c:\backups\ -DirectoryRecurse -ExportPath c:\store\BackupHistory.xml -PassThru |
                Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server2 -TrustDbBackupHistory
 
        In this example we gather backup information, export it to an xml file, and then pass it on through to Restore-DbaDatabase
        This allows us to repeat the restore without having to scan all the backup files again
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-ChildItem c:\backups\ -recurse -files |
            Where {$_.extension -in ('.bak','.trn') -and $_.LastWriteTime -gt (get-date).AddMonths(-1)} |
            Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -ExportPath c:\backupHistory.xml
 
        This lets you keep a record of all backup history from the last month on hand to speed up refreshes
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\network\backups
        $Backups += Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server2 -NoXpDirTree -Path c:\backups
 
        Scan the unc folder \\network\backups with Server1, and then scan the C:\backups folder on
        Server2 not using xp_dirtree, adding the results to the first set.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\network\backups -MaintenanceSolution
 
        When MaintenanceSolution is indicated we know we are dealing with the output from Ola Hallengren's backup scripts. So we make sure that a FULL folder exists in the first level of Path, if not we shortcut scanning all the files as we have nothing to work with
    .EXAMPLE
        $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\network\backups -MaintenanceSolution -IgnoreLogBackup
 
        As we know we are dealing with an Ola Hallengren style backup folder from the MaintenanceSolution switch, when IgnoreLogBackup is also included we can ignore the LOG folder to skip any scanning of log backups. Note this also means then WON'T be restored
    #>
    [CmdletBinding( DefaultParameterSetName = "Create")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$DatabaseName,
        [string[]]$SourceInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [Switch]$NoXpDirTree,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [switch]$DirectoryRecurse,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$MaintenanceSolution,
        [switch]$IgnoreLogBackup,
        [string]$ExportPath,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Import")]
        [switch]$Import,
        [switch][Alias('Anonymize')]$Anonymise,
        [Switch]$NoClobber,
        [Switch]$PassThru

    )
    begin {

        Function Get-HashString {
            param(
                [String]$InString
            )

            $StringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
            [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create("md5").ComputeHash([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($InString))| ForEach-Object {
                [Void]$StringBuilder.Append($_.ToString("x2"))
            }
            return $StringBuilder.ToString()
        }
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Parameters bound: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExportPath) {
            if ($true -eq $NoClobber) {
                if (Test-Path $ExportPath) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$ExportPath exists and NoClobber set"
                    return
                }
            }
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Create") {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }
        }

        if ($true -eq $IgnoreLogBackup -and $true -ne $MaintenanceSolution) {
            Write-Message -Message "IgnoreLogBackup can only by used with Maintenance Soultion. Will not be used" -Level Warning
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter Import) -and ($true -eq $Import)) {
            ForEach ($f in $Path) {
                if (Test-Path -Path $f) {
                    $GroupResults += Import-CliXml -Path $f
                    ForEach ($group in  $GroupResults) {
                        $Group.FirstLsn = [BigInt]$group.FirstLSN.ToString()
                        $Group.CheckpointLSN = [BigInt]$group.CheckpointLSN.ToString()
                        $Group.DatabaseBackupLsn = [BigInt]$group.DatabaseBackupLsn.ToString()
                        $Group.LastLsn = [BigInt]$group.LastLsn.ToString()
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Message "$f does not exist or is unreadable" -Level Warning
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            $Files = @()
            $groupResults = @()
            if ($NoXpDirTree -ne $true) {
                ForEach ($f in $path) {
                    if ($f -match '\.\w{3}\Z') {
                        if ("Fullname" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                            $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "FullName"; Expression = { $f } }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Message "Testing a single file $f " -Level Verbose
                        if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $f.fullname -SqlInstance $server)) {
                            $files += $f
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server cannot 'see' file $($f.FullName)"
                        }
                    }
                    elseif ($True -eq $MaintenanceSolution){
                        if ($true -eq $IgnoreLogBackup -and $f -like '*log*'){
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log Backups as requested"
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "OLA - Getting folder contents"
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f -SqlInstance $server
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Testing a folder $f" -Level Verbose
                        $Files += $Check = Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f -SqlInstance $server
                        if  ($null -eq $check) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Nothing returned from $f" -Level Verbose
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                ForEach ($f in $path) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Not using sql for $f"
                    if ($f -is [System.IO.FileSystemInfo]) {
                        if ($f.PsIsContainer -eq $true -and $true -ne $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "folder $($f.fullname)"
                            $Files += Get-ChildItem -Path $f.fullname -File -Recurse:$DirectoryRecurse
                        }
                        elseif ($f.PsIsContainer -eq $true -and $true -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            if ($IgnoreLogBackup -and $f -notlike '*LOG' ) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log backups for Maintenance backups"
                            }
                            else {
                                $Files += Get-ChildItem -Path $f.fullname -File -Recurse:$DirectoryRecurse
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($true -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            $Files += Get-ChildItem -Path $f.fullname -Recurse:$DirectoryRecurse
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "File"
                            $Files += $f.fullname
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($true -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f\FULL -SqlInstance $server -NoRecurse
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f\DIFF -SqlInstance $server -NoRecurse
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f\LOG -SqlInstance $server -NoRecurse
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "File"
                            $Files += $f
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($True -eq $MaintenanceSolution -and $True -eq $IgnoreLogBackup) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log Backups as requested"
                $Files = $Files | Where-Object {$_.FullName -notlike '*\LOG\*'}
            }

            $FileDetails = $Files | Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $server

            $groupdetails = $FileDetails | group-object -Property BackupSetGUID

            Foreach ($Group in $GroupDetails) {
                $historyObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory
                $historyObject.ComputerName = $group.group[0].MachineName
                $historyObject.InstanceName = $group.group[0].ServiceName
                $historyObject.SqlInstance = $group.group[0].ServerName
                $historyObject.Database = $group.Group[0].DatabaseName
                $historyObject.UserName = $group.Group[0].UserName
                $historyObject.Start = [DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupStartDate
                $historyObject.End = [DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupFinishDate
                $historyObject.Duration = ([DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupFinishDate - [DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupStartDate)
                $historyObject.Path = [string[]]$Group.Group.BackupPath
                $historyObject.FileList = ($group.Group.FileList | select-object type, logicalname, physicalname)
                $historyObject.TotalSize = ($Group.Group.BackupSize | Measure-Object -sum).sum
                $HistoryObject.CompressedBackupSize = ($Group.Group.CompressedBackupSize | Measure-Object -sum).sum
                $historyObject.Type = $group.Group[0].BackupTypeDescription
                $historyObject.BackupSetId = $group.group[0].BackupSetGUID
                $historyObject.DeviceType = 'Disk'
                $historyObject.FullName = $Group.Group.BackupPath
                $historyObject.Position = $group.Group[0].Position
                $historyObject.FirstLsn = $group.Group[0].FirstLSN
                $historyObject.DatabaseBackupLsn = $group.Group[0].DatabaseBackupLSN
                $historyObject.CheckpointLSN = $group.Group[0].CheckpointLSN
                $historyObject.LastLsn = $group.Group[0].LastLsn
                $historyObject.SoftwareVersionMajor = $group.Group[0].SoftwareVersionMajor
                $groupResults += $historyObject
            }
        }
        if (Test-Bound 'SourceInstance') {
            $groupResults = $groupResults | Where-Object {$_.InstanceName -in $SourceInstance}
        }

        if (Test-Bound 'DatabaseName') {
            $groupResults = $groupResults | Where-Object {$_.Database -in $DatabaseName}
        }
        if ($true -eq $Anonymise) {
            ForEach ($group in $GroupResults) {
                $group.ComputerName = Get-HashString -InString $group.ComputerName
                $group.InstanceName = Get-HashString -InString $group.InstanceName
                $group.SqlInstance = Get-HashString -InString $group.SqlInstance
                $group.Database = Get-HashString -InString $group.Database
                $group.UserName = Get-HashString -InString $group.UserName
                $group.Path = Get-HashString -InString  $Group.Path
                $group.FullName = Get-HashString -InString $Group.Fullname
            }
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -parameterName exportpath) -and $null -ne $ExportPath) {
            $groupResults | Export-CliXml -Path $ExportPath -Depth 5 -NoClobber:$NoClobber
            if ($true -ne $PassThru) {
                return
            }
        }
        $groupResults | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending
    }


}
function Get-DbaClientAlias {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Creates/updates a sql alias for the specified server - mimics cliconfg.exe
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Creates/updates a SQL Server alias by altering HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The target computer where the alias will be created
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Allows you to login to remote computers using alternative credentials
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Alias
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaClientAlias
 
        .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaClientAlias
    Gets all SQL Server client aliases on the local computer
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName workstationx
    Gets all SQL Server client aliases on Workstationx
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $scriptblock = {

                function Get-ItemPropertyValue {
                    Param (
                        [parameter()]
                        [String]$Path,
                        [parameter()]
                        [String]$Name
                    )
                    (Get-ItemProperty -LiteralPath $Path -Name $Name).$Name
                }

                $basekeys = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\MSSQLServer", "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer"

                foreach ($basekey in $basekeys) {

                    if ((Test-Path $basekey) -eq $false) {
                        Write-Warning "Base key ($basekey) does not exist. Quitting."
                        continue
                    }

                    $client = "$basekey\Client"

                    if ((Test-Path $client) -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }

                    $connect = "$client\ConnectTo"

                    if ((Test-Path $connect) -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($basekey -like "*WOW64*") {
                        $architecture = "32-bit"
                    }
                    else {
                        $architecture = "64-bit"
                    }

                    # "Creating/updating alias for $ComputerName for $architecture"
                    $all = Get-Item -Path $connect
                    foreach ($entry in $all.Property) {
                        $value = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path $connect -Name $entry
                        $clean = $value.Replace('DBNMPNTW,', '').Replace('DBMSSOCN,', '')
                        if ($value.StartsWith('DBMSSOCN')) { $protocol = 'TCP/IP' } else { $protocol = 'Named Pipes' }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                            NetworkLibrary = $protocol
                            ServerName     = $clean
                            AliasName      = $entry
                            AliasString    = $value
                            Architecture   = $architecture
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Getting aliases")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, Architecture, NetworkLibrary, ServerName, AliasName
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaClientProtocol {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on a computer.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on one or more computers.
 
            Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
            The client protocols can be enabled and disabled when retrieved via WSMan.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Protocol
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaClientProtocol
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaClientProtocol -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
            Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaClientProtocol
 
            Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaClientProtocol -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview
 
            Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            (Get-DbaClientProtocol -ComputerName sql2 | Where { $_.DisplayName = 'via' }).Disable()
 
            Disables the VIA ClientNetworkProtocol on computer sql2.
            If succesfull, returncode 0 is shown.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ( $computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName ) {
            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $credential
            if ( $server.FullComputerName ) {
                $computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Server namespace on $computer" -EnableException $EnableException
                $namespace = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer -Namespace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "Select * FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE Name LIke 'ComputerManagement%'" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
                    Where-Object {(Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $_.Name) -ClassName ClientNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).count -gt 0} |
                    Sort-Object Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                if ( $namespace.Name ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Cim class ClientNetworkProtocol in Namespace $($namespace.Name) on $computer" -EnableException $EnableException
                    try {
                        $prot = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $namespace.Name) -ClassName ClientNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name IsEnabled -Value { switch ( $this.ProtocolOrder ) { 0 { $false } default { $true } } }
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Enable -Value {Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetEnable -InputObject $this }
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Disable -Value {Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetDisable -InputObject $this }

                        foreach ( $protocol in $prot ) {
                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $protocol -Property 'PSComputerName as ComputerName', 'ProtocolDisplayName as DisplayName', 'ProtocolDll as DLL', 'ProtocolOrder as Order', 'IsEnabled'
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No Sql ClientNetworkProtocol found on $computer" -EnableException $EnableException
                    }
                } #if namespace
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No ComputerManagement Namespace on $computer. Please note that this function is available from SQL 2005 up." -EnableException $EnableException
                } #else no namespace
            } #if computername
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $computer"
            }
        } #foreach computer
    }
}
function Get-DbaClusterActiveNode {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns the active node of a SQL Cluster.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns the name of the current active node in the SQL Server cluster.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server clustered instance to check.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Returns available details of SQL Cluster nodes. In SQL Server 2008, this will return node names. In SQL Server 2012 and above, this will return:
 
            NodeName
            Status
            StatusDescription
            CurrentOwner
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaClusterActiveNode
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaClusterActiveNode -SqlInstance sqlcluster
 
            Returns a simple string with the ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS property.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaClusterActiveNode -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Detailed
 
            Returns a datatable with details about sqlcluster.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed
    )

    begin {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -RegularUser
        $computername = $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS
    }

    process {
        if ($server.IsClustered -eq $false) {
            return "Not a clustered instance."
        }

        if ($Detailed -eq $true) {
            $sql = "Select * FROM sys.dm_os_cluster_nodes"
            $datatable = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables
            return $datatable
        }
        else {
            # support multiple active nodes on SQL Server 2012 and above.
            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 11) {
                $sql = "Select nodename FROM sys.dm_os_cluster_nodes where is_current_owner = 1"
                $datatable = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.NodeName
                return $datatable
            }
            else {
                return $computername
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
    }
}

function Get-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Retrieves windows management connections from the cache
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Retrieves windows management connections from the cache
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The computername to ComputerName for.
 
    .PARAMETER UserName
    Username on credentials to look for. Will not find connections using the default windows credentials.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Fred Winmann (@FredWeinmann)
    Tags: ComputerManagement
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmConnection
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaCmConnection
 
    List all cached connections.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaCmConnection sql2014
 
    List the cached connection - if any - to the server sql2014.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaCmConnection -UserName "*charles*"
 
    List all cached connection that use a username containing "charles" as default or override credentials.
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('Filter')]
        [String[]]
        $ComputerName = "*",

        [String]
        $UserName = "*",

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
    }
    PROCESS {
        foreach ($name in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing search. ComputerName: '$name' | Username: '$UserName'"
            ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections.Values | Where-Object { ($_.ComputerName -like $name) -and ($_.Credentials.UserName -like $UserName) })
        }
    }
    END {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
function Get-DbaCmObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Retrieves Wmi/Cim-Style information from computers.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This function centralizes all requests for information retrieved from Get-WmiObject or Get-CimInstance.
        It uses different protocols as available in this order:
        - Cim over WinRM
        - Cim over DCOM
        - Wmi
        - Wmi over PowerShell Remoting
        It remembers channels that didn't work and will henceforth avoid them. It remembers invalid credentials and will avoid reusing them.
        Much of its behavior can be configured using Test-DbaWmConnection.
 
    .PARAMETER ClassName
        The name of the class to retrieve.
 
    .PARAMETER Query
        The Wmi/Cim query tu run against the server.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer(s) to connect to. Defaults to localhost.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credentials to use. Invalid credentials will be stored in a credentials cache and not be reused.
 
    .PARAMETER Namespace
        The namespace of the class to use.
 
    .PARAMETER DoNotUse
        Connection Protocols that should not be used.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
        Overrides some checks that might otherwise halt execution as a precaution
        - Ignores timeout on bad connections
 
    .PARAMETER SilentlyContinue
        Use in conjunction with the -EnableException switch.
        By default, Get-DbaCmObject will throw a terminating exception when connecting to a target is impossible in exception enabled mode.
        Setting this switch will cause it write a non-terminating exception and continue with the next computer.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCmObject win32_OperatingSystem
 
        Retrieves the common operating system informations from the local computer.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCmObject -Computername "sql2014" -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem -Credential $cred -DoNotUse CimRM
 
        Retrieves the common operating system informations from the server sql2014.
        It will use the credewntials stored in $cred to connect, unless they are known to not work, in which case they will default to windows credentials (unless another default has been set).
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Fred Winmann (@FredWeinmann)
        Tags: ComputerManagement
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmObject
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Class")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = "Class")]
        [Alias('Class')]
        [string]
        $ClassName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = "Query")]
        [string]
        $Query,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [string]
        $Namespace = "root\cimv2",

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType[]]
        $DoNotUse = "None",

        [switch]
        $Force,

        [switch]
        $SilentlyContinue,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    Begin {
        #region Configuration Values
        $disable_cache = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::DisableCache

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Configuration loaded | Cache disabled: $disable_cache"
        #endregion Configuration Values

        $ParSet = $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName
    }
    Process {
        :main foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret input: $($connectionObject.Input)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.Input -Continue -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue }

            # Since all connection caching runs using lower-case strings, making it lowercase here simplifies things.
            $computer = $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName.ToLower()

            Write-Message -Message "[$computer] Retrieving Management Information" -Level VeryVerbose -Target $computer

            $connection = $connectionObject.Connection

            # Ensure using the right credentials
            try { $cred = $connection.GetCredential($Credential) }
            catch {
                $message = "Bad credentials! "
                if ($Credential) { $message += "The credentials for $($Credential.UserName) are known to not work. " }
                else { $message += "The windows credentials are known to not work. " }
                if ($connection.EnableCredentialFailover -or $connection.OverrideExplicitCredential) { $message += "The connection is configured to use credentials that are known to be good, but none have been registered yet. " }
                elseif ($connection.Credentials) { $message += "Working credentials are known for $($connection.Credentials.UserName), however the connection is not configured to automatically use them. This can be done using 'Set-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName $connection -OverrideExplicitCredential' " }
                elseif ($connection.UseWindowsCredentials) { $message += "The windows credentials are known to work, however the connection is not configured to automatically use them. This can be done using 'Set-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName $connection -OverrideExplicitCredential' " }
                $message += $_.Exception.Message
                Stop-Function -Message $message -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $connection -Continue -OverrideExceptionMessage
            }

            # Flags-Enumerations cannot be added in PowerShell 4 or older.
            # Thus we create a string and convert it afterwards.
            $enabledProtocols = "None"
            if ($connection.CimRM -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", CimRM" }
            if ($connection.CimDCOM -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", CimDCOM" }
            if ($connection.Wmi -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", Wmi" }
            if ($connection.PowerShellRemoting -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", PowerShellRemoting" }
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType]$enabledProtocols = $enabledProtocols

            # Create list of excluded connection types (Duplicates don't matter)
            $excluded = @()
            foreach ($item in $DoNotUse) { $excluded += $item }

            :sub while ($true) {
                try { $conType = $connection.GetConnectionType(($excluded -join ","), $Force) }
                catch {
                    if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                    Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Unable to find a connection to the target system. Ensure the name is typed correctly, and the server allows any of the following protocols: $enabledProtocols" -Target $computer -Category OpenError -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                switch ($conType.ToString()) {
                    #region CimRM
                    "CimRM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over WinRM"
                        try {
                            if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { $connection.GetCimRMInstance($cred, $ClassName, $Namespace) }
                            else { $connection.QueryCimRMInstance($cred, $Query, "WQL", $Namespace) }

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over WinRM - Success!"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('CimRM')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over WinRM - Failed!"

                            # 1 = Generic runtime error
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 1) {
                                # 0x8007052e, 0x80070005 : Authentication error, bad credential
                                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                                    # Ignore the global setting for bad credential cache disabling, since the connection object is aware of that state and will ignore input if it should.
                                    # This is due to the ability to locally override the global setting, thus it must be done on the object and can then be done in code
                                    $connection.AddBadCredential($cred)
                                    if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                                    Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid connection credentials" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                }
                                elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.MessageId -eq "HRESULT 0x80041013") {
                                    if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to access $class in namespace $Namespace!" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                    else { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to execute $query in namespace $Namespace!" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                }
                                else {
                                    $connection.ReportFailure('CimRM')
                                    $excluded += "CimRM"
                                    continue sub
                                }
                            }

                            # 2 = Access to specific resource denied
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 2) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Access to computer granted, but access to $Namespace\$ClassName denied!" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 3 = Invalid Namespace
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 3) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid namespace: $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }
                            # 5 = Invalid Class
                            # See here for code reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc150671(v=vs.85).aspx
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 5) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid class name ($ClassName), not found in current namespace ($Namespace)" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 0 & ExtendedStatus = Weird issue beyond the scope of the CIM standard. Often a server-side issue
                            elseif (($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 0) -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.ErrorData.original_error -like "__ExtendedStatus")) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Something went wrong when looking for $ClassName, in $Namespace. This often indicates issues with the target system." -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            }
                            else {
                                $connection.ReportFailure('CimRM')
                                $excluded += "CimRM"
                                continue sub
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimRM

                    #region CimDCOM
                    "CimDCOM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over DCOM"
                        try {
                            if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { $connection.GetCimDCOMInstance($cred, $ClassName, $Namespace) }
                            else { $connection.QueryCimDCOMInstance($cred, $Query, "WQL", $Namespace) }

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over DCOM - Success!"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('CimDCOM')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over DCOM - Failed!"

                            # 1 = Generic runtime error
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 1) {
                                # 0x8007052e, 0x80070005 : Authentication error, bad credential
                                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                                    # Ignore the global setting for bad credential cache disabling, since the connection object is aware of that state and will ignore input if it should.
                                    # This is due to the ability to locally override the global setting, thus it must be done on the object and can then be done in code
                                    $connection.AddBadCredential($cred)
                                    if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                                    Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid connection credentials" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                }
                                elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.MessageId -eq "HRESULT 0x80041013") {
                                    if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to access $class in namespace $Namespace!" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                    else { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to execute $query in namespace $Namespace!" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                }
                                else {
                                    $connection.ReportFailure('CimDCOM')
                                    $excluded += "CimDCOM"
                                    continue sub
                                }
                            }

                            # 2 = Access to specific resource denied
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 2) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Access to computer granted, but access to $Namespace\$ClassName denied!" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 3 = Invalid Namespace
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 3) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid namespace: $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 5 = Invalid Class
                            # See here for code reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc150671(v=vs.85).aspx
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 5) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid class name ($ClassName), not found in current namespace ($Namespace)" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 0 & ExtendedStatus = Weird issue beyond the scope of the CIM standard. Often a server-side issue
                            elseif (($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 0) -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.ErrorData.original_error -like "__ExtendedStatus")) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Something went wrong when looking for $ClassName, in $Namespace. This often indicates issues with the target system." -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            }

                            else {
                                $connection.ReportFailure('CimDCOM')
                                $excluded += "CimDCOM"
                                continue sub
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimDCOM

                    #region Wmi
                    "Wmi" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using WMI"
                        try {
                            switch ($ParSet) {
                                "Class" {
                                    $parameters = @{
                                        ComputerName = $computer
                                        ClassName    = $ClassName
                                        ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                                    }
                                    if ($cred) { $parameters["Credential"] = $cred }
                                    if (Test-Bound "Namespace") { $parameters["Namespace"] = $Namespace }

                                }
                                "Query" {
                                    $parameters = @{
                                        ComputerName = $computer
                                        Query        = $Query
                                        ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                                    }
                                    if ($cred) { $parameters["Credential"] = $cred }
                                    if (Test-Bound "Namespace") { $parameters["Namespace"] = $Namespace }
                                }
                            }

                            Get-WmiObject @parameters

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using WMI - Success!"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('Wmi')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using WMI - Failed!" -ErrorRecord $_

                            if ($_.CategoryInfo.Reason -eq "UnauthorizedAccessException") {
                                # Ignore the global setting for bad credential cache disabling, since the connection object is aware of that state and will ignore input if it should.
                                # This is due to the ability to locally override the global setting, thus it must be done on the object and can then be done in code
                                $connection.AddBadCredential($cred)
                                if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid connection credentials" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            }
                            elseif ($_.CategoryInfo.Category -eq "InvalidType") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid class name ($ClassName), not found in current namespace ($Namespace)" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            }
                            elseif ($_.Exception.ErrorCode -eq "ProviderLoadFailure") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to access: $ClassName, in namespace: $Namespace - There was a provider error. This indicates a potential issue with WMI on the server side." -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            }
                            else {
                                $connection.ReportFailure('Wmi')
                                $excluded += "Wmi"
                                continue sub
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion Wmi

                    #region PowerShell Remoting
                    "PowerShellRemoting" {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using PowerShell Remoting"
                            $scp_string = "Get-WmiObject -Class $ClassName -ErrorAction Stop"
                            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("Namespace")) { $scp_string += " -Namespace $Namespace" }

                            $parameters = @{
                                ScriptBlock  = ([System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]::Create($scp_string))
                                ComputerName = $ComputerName
                                ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                            }
                            if ($Credential) { $parameters["Credential"] = $Credential }
                            Invoke-Command @parameters

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using PowerShell Remoting - Success!"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('PowerShellRemoting')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        }
                        catch {
                            # Will always consider authenticated, since any call with credentials to a server that doesn't exist will also carry invalid credentials error.
                            # There simply is no way to differentiate between actual authentication errors and server not reached
                            $connection.ReportFailure('PowerShellRemoting')
                            $excluded += "PowerShellRemoting"
                            continue sub
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion PowerShell Remoting
                }
            }
        }
    }
    End {

    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Simplifies finding computer certificates that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target SQL Server - defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must specify the distinct nodes.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER Store
            Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine
 
        .PARAMETER Folder
            Certificate folder - defaults to My (Personal)
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to a certificate - basically changes the path into a certificate object
 
        .PARAMETER Thumbprint
            Return certificate based on thumbprint
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Certificate
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaComputerCertificate
            Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sql2016
 
            Gets computer certificates on sql2016 that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sql2016 -Thumbprint 8123472E32AB412ED4288888B83811DB8F504DED, 04BFF8B3679BB01A986E097868D8D494D70A46D6
 
            Gets computer certificates on sql2016 that match thumbprints 8123472E32AB412ED4288888B83811DB8F504DED or 04BFF8B3679BB01A986E097868D8D494D70A46D6
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [string]$Path,
        [string[]]$Thumbprint,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Scriptblock for remoting
        $scriptblock = {
            param (
                $Thumbprint,
                $Store,
                $Folder,
                $Path
            )

            if ($Path) {
                $bytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($path)
                $Certificate = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                $Certificate.Import($bytes, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
                return $Certificate
            }

            if ($Thumbprint) {
                try {
                    Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
                    Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$Store\$Folder" -Recurse | Where-Object Thumbprint -in $Thumbprint
                }
                catch {
                    # don't care - there's a weird issue with remoting where an exception gets thrown for no apparent reason
                }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
                    Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$Store\$Folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { "$($_.EnhancedKeyUsageList)" -match '1\.3\.6\.1\.5\.5\.7\.3\.1' }
                }
                catch {
                    # still don't care
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Scriptblock for remoting
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $thumbprint, $Store, $Folder, $Path -ErrorAction Stop | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue connecting to computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaComputerSystem {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets computer system information from the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets computer system information from the server and returns as an object.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Target computer(s). If no computer name is specified, the local computer is targeted
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Alternate credential object to use for accessing the target computer(s).
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeAws
            If computer is hosted in AWS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), additional information will be included.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ServerInfo
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton | http://blog.wsmelton.info)
 
            Website: https: //dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https: //opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaComputerSystem
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaComputerSystem
 
            Returns information about the local computer's computer system
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaComputerSystem -ComputerName sql2016
 
            Returns information about the sql2016's computer system
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaComputerSystem -ComputerName sql2016 -IncludeAws
 
            Returns information about the sql2016's computer system and includes additional properties around the EC2 instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$IncludeAws,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $computer"
                $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential

                $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName

                if (!$computerResolved) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to resolve hostname of $computer. Skipping." -Continue
                }

                if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                    $computerSystem = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential
                }
                else {
                    $computerSystem = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem -ComputerName $computerResolved
                }

                $adminPasswordStatus =
                switch ($computerSystem.AdminPasswordStatus) {
                    0 { "Disabled" }
                    1 { "Enabled" }
                    2 { "Not Implemented" }
                    3 { "Unknown" }
                    default { "Unknown" }
                }

                $domainRole =
                switch ($computerSystem.DomainRole) {
                    0 { "Standalone Workstation" }
                    1 { "Member Workstation" }
                    2 { "Standalone Server" }
                    3 { "Member Server" }
                    4 { "Backup Domain Controller" }
                    5 { "Primary Domain Controller" }
                }

                $isHyperThreading = $false
                if ($computerSystem.NumberOfLogicalProcessors -gt $computerSystem.NumberofProcessors) {
                    $isHyperThreading = $true
                }

                if ($IncludeAws) {
                    $isAws = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { ((Invoke-WebRequest -TimeoutSec 15 -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254').StatusCode) -eq 200 } -Raw

                    if ($isAws) {
                        $scriptBlock = {
                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                AmiId                 = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ami-id').Content
                                IamRoleArn            = ((Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info').Content | ConvertFrom-Json).InstanceProfileArn
                                InstanceId            = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id').Content
                                InstanceType          = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type').Content
                                AvailabilityZone      = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone').Content
                                PublicHostname        = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-hostname').Content
                            }
                        }
                        $awsProps = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$computerResolved was not found to be an EC2 instance. Verify http://169.254.169.254 is accessible on the computer."
                    }
                }
                $inputObject = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName                 = $computerResolved
                    Domain                       = $computerSystem.Domain
                    DomainRole                   = $domainRole
                    Manufacturer                 = $computerSystem.Manufacturer
                    Model                        = $computerSystem.Model
                    SystemFamily                 = $computerSystem.SystemFamily
                    SystemSkuNumber              = $computerSystem.SystemSKUNumber
                    SystemType                   = $computerSystem.SystemType
                    NumberLogicalProcessors      = $computerSystem.NumberOfLogicalProcessors
                    NumberProcessors             = $computerSystem.NumberOfProcessors
                    IsHyperThreading             = $isHyperThreading
                    TotalPhysicalMemory          = [DbaSize]$computerSystem.TotalPhysicalMemory
                    IsDaylightSavingsTime        = $computerSystem.EnableDaylightSavingsTime
                    DaylightInEffect             = $computerSystem.DaylightInEffect
                    DnsHostName                  = $computerSystem.DNSHostName
                    IsSystemManagedPageFile      = $computerSystem.AutomaticManagedPagefile
                    AdminPasswordStatus          = $adminPasswordStatus
                }
                if ($IncludeAws -and $isAws) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsAmiId -Value $awsProps.AmiId
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsIamRoleArn -Value $awsProps.IamRoleArn
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsEc2InstanceId -Value $awsProps.InstanceId
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsEc2InstanceType -Value $awsProps.InstanceType
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsAvailabilityZone -Value $awsProps.AvailabilityZone
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsPublicHostName -Value $awsProps.PublicHostname
                }
                $excludes = 'SystemSkuNumber', 'IsDaylightSavingsTime', 'DaylightInEffect', 'DnsHostName', 'AdminPasswordStatus'
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $inputObject -ExcludeProperty $excludes
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaConfig {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Retrieves configuration elements by name.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves configuration elements by name.
            Can be used to search the existing configuration list.
 
        .PARAMETER FullName
            Default: "*"
            Search for configurations using the full name
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            Default: "*"
            The name of the configuration element(s) to retrieve.
            May be any string, supports wildcards.
 
        .PARAMETER Module
            Default: "*"
            Search configuration by module.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            Overrides the default behavior and also displays hidden configuration values.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-DbaConfig 'Mail.To'
 
            Retrieves the configuration element for the key "Mail.To"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-DbaConfig -Force
 
            Retrieve all configuration elements from all modules, even hidden ones.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Friedrich Weinmann
            Tags: Config
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "FullName")]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FullName", Position = 0)]
        [string]
        $FullName = "*",

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 1)]
        [string]
        $Name = "*",

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 0)]
        [string]
        $Module = "*",

        [switch]
        $Force
    )

    switch ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
        "Module" {
            $Name = $Name.ToLower()
            $Module = $Module.ToLower()

            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object { ($_.Name -like $Name) -and ($_.Module -like $Module) -and ((-not $_.Hidden) -or ($Force)) } | Sort-Object Module, Name
        }

        "FullName" {
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object { ("$($_.Module).$($_.Name)" -like $FullName) -and ((-not $_.Hidden) -or ($Force)) } | Sort-Object Module, Name
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaConfigValue {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns the configuration value stored under the specified name.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns the configuration value stored under the specified name.
            It requires the full name (<Module>.<Name>) and is usually only called by functions.
 
        .PARAMETER FullName
            The full name (<Module>.<Name>) of the configured value to return.
 
        .PARAMETER Fallback
            A fallback value to use, if no value was registered to a specific configuration element.
            This basically is a default value that only applies on a "per call" basis, rather than a system-wide default.
 
        .PARAMETER NotNull
            By default, this function returns null if one tries to retrieve the value from either a Configuration that does not exist or a Configuration whose value was set to null.
            However, sometimes it may be important that some value was returned.
            By specifying this parameter, the function will throw an error if no value was found at all.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'System.MailServer'
 
            Returns the configured value that was assigned to the key 'System.MailServer'
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'Default.CoffeeMilk' -Fallback 0
 
            Returns the configured value for 'Default.CoffeeMilk'. If no such value is configured, it returns '0' instead.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Friedrich Weinmann
            Tags: Config
    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSPossibleIncorrectComparisonWithNull", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Alias('Name')]
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $FullName,

        [object]
        $Fallback,

        [switch]
        $NotNull
    )

    $FullName = $FullName.ToLower()

    $temp = $null
    $temp = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$FullName].Value
    if ($temp -eq $null) { $temp = $Fallback }

    if ($NotNull -and ($temp -eq $null)) {
        Stop-Function -Message "No Configuration Value available for $Name" -EnableException $true -Category InvalidData -Target $FullName
    }
    else {
        return $temp
    }
}
function Get-DbaCpuUsage {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Provides detailed CPU usage information about a SQL Server's process
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        "If there are a lot of processes running on your instance and the CPU is very high,
        then it's hard to find the exact process eating up your CPU using just the SQL Server
        tools. One way to correlate the data between what is running within SQL Server and at
        the Windows level is to use SPID and KPID values to get the exact process."
 
        This command automates that process.
 
        References: https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2454/how-to-find-out-how-much-cpu-a-sql-server-process-is-really-using/
 
        Note: This command returns results from all SQL instances on the destionation server but the process
        column is specific to -SqlInstance passed.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to the SQL instance using alternative credentials.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the Windows Server using alternative credentials.
 
    .PARAMETER Threshold
        CPU threshold.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: CPU
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCpuUsage
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCpuUsage -SqlInstance sql2017
 
        Logs into the SQL Server instance "sql2017" and also the Computer itself (via WMI) to gather information
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $usage = Get-DbaCpuUsage -SqlInstance sql2017
        $usage.Process
 
        Explores the processes (from Get-DbaProcess) associated with the usage results
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCpuUsage -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin) -Credential (Get-Credential ad\sqldba)
 
        Logs into the SQL instance using the SQL Login 'sqladmin' and then Windows instance as 'ad\sqldba'
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [int]$Threshold = 0,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # This can likely be enumerated but I don't know hows
        $threadstates = [pscustomobject]@{
            0 = 'Initialized. It is recognized by the microkernel.'
            1 = 'Ready. It is prepared to run on the next available processor.'
            2 = 'Running. It is executing.'
            3 = 'Standby. It is about to run. Only one thread may be in this state at a time.'
            4 = 'Terminated. It is finished executing.'
            5 = 'Waiting. It is not ready for the processor. When ready, it will be rescheduled.'
            6 = 'Transition. The thread is waiting for resources other than the processor.'
            7 = 'Unknown. The thread state is unknown.'
        }

        $threadwaitreasons = [pscustomobject]@{
            0 = 'Executive'
            1 = 'FreePage'
            2 = 'PageIn'
            3 = 'PoolAllocation'
            4 = 'ExecutionDelay'
            5 = 'FreePage'
            6 = 'PageIn'
            7 = 'Executive'
            8 = 'FreePage'
            9 = 'PageIn'
            10 = 'PoolAllocation'
            11 = 'ExecutionDelay'
            12 = 'FreePage'
            13 = 'PageIn'
            14 = 'EventPairHigh'
            15 = 'EventPairLow'
            16 = 'LPCReceive'
            17 = 'LPCReply'
            18 = 'VirtualMemory'
            19 = 'PageOut'
            20 = 'Unknown'
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $processes = Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $server
            $threads = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -ClassName Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfProc_Thread -Credential $Credential | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'sql*' -and $_.PercentProcessorTime -ge $Threshold }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                $spidcollection = $server.Query("select spid, kpid from sysprocesses")
            }
            else {
                $spidcollection = $server.Query("select t.os_thread_id as kpid, s.session_id as spid
            from sys.dm_exec_sessions s
            join sys.dm_exec_requests er on s.session_id = er.session_id
            join sys.dm_os_workers w on er.task_address = w.task_address
            join sys.dm_os_threads t on w.thread_address = t.thread_address")
            }

            foreach ($thread in $threads) {
                $spid = ($spidcollection | Where-Object kpid -eq $thread.IDThread).spid
                $process = $processes | Where-Object spid -eq $spid
                $threadwaitreason = $thread.ThreadWaitReason
                $threadstate = $thread.ThreadState
                $ThreadStateValue = $threadstates.$threadstate
                $ThreadWaitReasonValue = $threadwaitreasons.$threadwaitreason

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Processes -Value ($processes | Where-Object HostProcessID -eq $thread.IDProcess)
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ThreadStateValue -Value $ThreadStateValue
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ThreadWaitReasonValue -Value $ThreadWaitReasonValue
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Process -Value $process
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Query -Value $process.LastQuery
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Spid -Value $spid

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $thread -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, ContextSwitchesPersec, ElapsedTime, IDProcess, Spid, PercentPrivilegedTime, PercentProcessorTime, PercentUserTime, PriorityBase, PriorityCurrent, StartAddress, ThreadStateValue, ThreadWaitReasonValue, Process, Query
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCredential {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Credential information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaCredential command gets SQL Credential information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER CredentialIdentity
            Auto-populated list of Credentials from Source. If no Credential is specified, all Credentials will be migrated.
            Note: if spaces exist in the credential name, you will have to type "" or '' around it. I couldn't figure out a way around this.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeCredentialIdentity
            Auto-populated list of Credentials from Source to be excluded from the migration
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Credential
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCredential
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Credentials on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all SQL Credentials for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CredentialIdentity,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCredentialIdentity,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $credential = $server.Credentials

            if ($CredentialIdentity) {
                $credential = $credential | Where-Object $CredentialIdentity -Contains Name
            }

            if ($ExcludeCredentialIdentity) {
                $credential = $credential | Where-Object $CredentialIdentity -NotContains Name
            }

            foreach ($currentcredential in $credential) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcredential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $currentcredential.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcredential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $currentcredential.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcredential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $currentcredential.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentcredential -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, Identity, MappedClassType, ProviderName
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCustomError {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Custom Error Message information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaCustomError command gets SQL Custom Error Message information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: CustomError
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCustomError
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaCustomError -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all Custom Error Message(s) on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaCustomError -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all Custom Error Message(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($customError in $server.UserDefinedMessages) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $customError -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $customError.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $customError -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $customError.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $customError -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $customError.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $customError -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Text, LanguageID, Language
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabase {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Database information for each database that is present on the target instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaDatabase command gets SQL database information for each database that is present on the target instance(s) of
            SQL Server. If the name of the database is provided, the command will return only the specific database information.
 
         .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAllUserDb
            If this switch is enabled, only databases which are not User databases will be processed.
 
            This parameter cannot be used with -ExcludeAllSystemDb.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeAllSystemDb
            If this switch is enabled, only databases which are not System databases will be processed.
 
            This parameter cannot be used with -ExcludeAllUserDb.
 
        .PARAMETER Status
            Specifies one or more database statuses to filter on. Only databases in the status(es) listed will be returned. Valid options for this parameter are 'Emergency', 'Normal', 'Offline', 'Recovering', 'Restoring', 'Standby', and 'Suspect'.
 
        .PARAMETER Access
            Filters databases returned by their access type. Valid options for this parameter are 'ReadOnly' and 'ReadWrite'. If omitted, no filtering is performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Owner
            Specifies one or more database owners. Only databases owned by the listed owner(s) will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER Encrypted
            If this switch is enabled, only databases which have Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enabled will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
            Filters databases returned by their recovery model. Valid options for this parameter are 'Full', 'Simple', and 'BulkLogged'.
 
        .PARAMETER NoFullBackup
            If this switch is enabled, only databases without a full backup recorded by SQL Server will be returned. This will also indicate which of these databases only have CopyOnly full backups.
 
        .PARAMETER NoFullBackupSince
            Only databases which haven't had a full backup since the specified DateTime will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER NoLogBackup
            If this switch is enabled, only databases without a log backup recorded by SQL Server will be returned. This will also indicate which of these databases only have CopyOnly log backups.
 
        .PARAMETER NoLogBackupSince
            Only databases which haven't had a log backup since the specified DateTime will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeLastUsed
            If this switch is enabled, the last used read & write times for each database will be returned. This data is retrieved from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats which is reset when SQL Server is restarted.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley | http://blog.garrybargsley.com)
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
            Author: Simone Bizzotto ( @niphlod )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabase
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all databases on the local default SQL Server instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeAllUserDb
 
            Returns only the system databases on the local default SQL Server instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeAllSystemDb
 
            Returns only the user databases on the local default SQL Server instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'localhost','sql2016' | Get-DbaDatabase
 
            Returns databases on multiple instances piped into the function.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress -RecoveryModel full,Simple
 
            Returns only the user databases in Full or Simple recovery model from SQL Server instance SQL1\SQLExpress.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress -Status Normal
 
            Returns only the user databases with status 'normal' from SQL Server instance SQL1\SQLExpress.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress -IncludeLastUsed
 
            Returns the databases from SQL Server instance SQL1\SQLExpress and includes the last used information
            from the sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats DMV.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress,SQL2 -ExcludeDatabase model,master
 
            Returns all databases except master and model from SQL Server instances SQL1\SQLExpress and SQL2.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress,SQL2 -Encrypted
 
            Returns only databases using TDE from SQL Server instances SQL1\SQLExpress and SQL2.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress,SQL2 -Access ReadOnly
 
            Returns only read only databases from SQL Server instances SQL1\SQLExpress and SQL2.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL2,SQL3 -Database OneDB,OtherDB
 
            Returns databases 'OneDb' and 'OtherDB' from SQL Server instances SQL2 and SQL3 if databases by those names exist on those instances.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("SystemDbOnly", "NoUserDb")]
        [switch]$ExcludeAllUserDb,
        [Alias("UserDbOnly", "NoSystemDb")]
        [switch]$ExcludeAllSystemDb,
        [string[]]$Owner,
        [switch]$Encrypted,
        [ValidateSet('EmergencyMode', 'Normal', 'Offline', 'Recovering', 'Restoring', 'Standby', 'Suspect')]
        [string[]]$Status = @('EmergencyMode', 'Normal', 'Offline', 'Recovering', 'Restoring', 'Standby', 'Suspect'),
        [ValidateSet('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')]
        [string]$Access,
        [ValidateSet('Full', 'Simple', 'BulkLogged')]
        [string[]]$RecoveryModel = @('Full', 'Simple', 'BulkLogged'),
        [switch]$NoFullBackup,
        [datetime]$NoFullBackupSince,
        [switch]$NoLogBackup,
        [datetime]$NoLogBackupSince,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [switch]$IncludeLastUsed
    )

    begin {

        if ($ExcludeAllUserDb -and $ExcludeAllSystemDb) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You cannot specify both ExcludeAllUserDb and ExcludeAllSystemDb." -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!$IncludeLastUsed) {
                $dblastused = $null
            }
            else {
                ## Get last used information from the DMV
                $querylastused = "WITH agg AS
                (
                  SELECT
                       max(last_user_seek) last_user_seek,
                       max(last_user_scan) last_user_scan,
                       max(last_user_lookup) last_user_lookup,
                       max(last_user_update) last_user_update,
                       sd.name dbname
                   FROM
                       sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats, master..sysdatabases sd
                   WHERE
                     database_id = sd.dbid AND database_id > 4
                      group by sd.name
                )
                SELECT
                   dbname,
                   last_read = MAX(last_read),
                   last_write = MAX(last_write)
                FROM
                (
                   SELECT dbname, last_user_seek, NULL FROM agg
                   UNION ALL
                   SELECT dbname, last_user_scan, NULL FROM agg
                   UNION ALL
                   SELECT dbname, last_user_lookup, NULL FROM agg
                   UNION ALL
                   SELECT dbname, NULL, last_user_update FROM agg
                ) AS x (dbname, last_read, last_write)
                GROUP BY
                   dbname
                ORDER BY 1;"
                # put a function around this to enable Pester Testing and also to ease any future changes
                function Invoke-QueryDBlastUsed {
                    $server.Query($querylastused)
                }
                $dblastused = Invoke-QueryDBlastUsed
            }

            if ($ExcludeAllUserDb) {
                $DBType = @($true)
            }
            elseif ($ExcludeAllSystemDb) {
                $DBType = @($false)
            }
            else {
                $DBType = @($false, $true)
            }

            $Readonly = switch ($Access) {
                'Readonly' { @($true) } 'ReadWrite' { @($false) }
                default { @($true, $false) }
            }
            $Encrypt = switch (Test-Bound $Encrypted) {
                $true { @($true) }
                default { @($true, $false, $null) }
            }

            $inputobject = $server.Databases |
                Where-Object {
                ($_.Name -in $Database -or !$Database) -and
                ($_.Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase -or !$ExcludeDatabase) -and
                ($_.Owner -in $Owner -or !$Owner) -and
                $_.ReadOnly -in $Readonly -and
                $_.IsSystemObject -in $DBType -and
                ((Compare-Object @($_.Status.tostring().split(',').trim()) $Status -ExcludeDifferent -IncludeEqual).inputobject.count -ge 1 -or !$status) -and
                $_.RecoveryModel -in $RecoveryModel -and
                $_.EncryptionEnabled -in $Encrypt
            }

            if ($NoFullBackup -or $NoFullBackupSince) {
                $dabs = (Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -LastFull )
                if ($null -ne $NoFullBackupSince) {
                    $dabsWithinScope = ($dabs | Where-Object End -lt $NoFullBackupSince)

                    $inputobject = $inputobject | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $dabsWithinScope.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' }
                }
                else {
                    $inputObject = $inputObject | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $dabs.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' }
                }

            }
            if ($NoLogBackup -or $NoLogBackupSince) {
                $dabs = (Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -LastLog )
                if ($null -ne $NoLogBackupSince) {
                    $dabsWithinScope = ($dabs | Where-Object End -lt $NoLogBackupSince)
                    $inputobject = $inputobject |
                        Where-Object { $_.Name -in $dabsWithinScope.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' -and $_.RecoveryModel -ne 'Simple' }
                }
                else {
                    $inputobject = $inputObject |
                        Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $dabs.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' -and $_.RecoveryModel -ne 'Simple' }
                }
            }

            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name', 'Status', 'IsAccessible', 'RecoveryModel',
            'LogReuseWaitStatus', 'Size as SizeMB', 'CompatibilityLevel as Compatibility', 'Collation', 'Owner',
            'LastBackupDate as LastFullBackup', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate as LastDiffBackup',
            'LastLogBackupDate as LastLogBackup'

            if ($NoFullBackup -or $NoFullBackupSince -or $NoLogBackup -or $NoLogBackupSince) {
                $defaults += ('Notes')
            }
            if ($IncludeLastUsed) {
                # Add Last Used to the default view
                $defaults += ('LastRead as LastIndexRead', 'LastWrite as LastIndexWrite')
            }

            try {
                foreach ($db in $inputobject) {

                    $Notes = $null
                    if ($NoFullBackup -or $NoFullBackupSince) {
                        if (@($db.EnumBackupSets()).count -eq @($db.EnumBackupSets() | Where-Object { $_.IsCopyOnly }).count -and (@($db.EnumBackupSets()).count -gt 0)) {
                            $Notes = "Only CopyOnly backups"
                        }
                    }

                    $lastusedinfo = $dblastused | Where-Object { $_.dbname -eq $db.name }
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty BackupStatus -value $Notes
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastRead -value $lastusedinfo.last_read
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastWrite -value $lastusedinfo.last_write
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $db -Property $defaults
                    try { $server.Databases.Refresh() } catch {}
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Message "Failure. Collection may have been modified. If so, please use parens (Get-DbaDatabase ....) | when working with commands that modify the collection such as Remove-DbaDatabase." -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDatabaseAssembly {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Database Assembly information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaDatabaseAssembly command gets SQL Database Assembly information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Assembly, Database
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabaseAssembly
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabaseAssembly -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all Database Assembly on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabaseAssembly -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all Database Assembly for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($database in ($server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible)) {
                try {
                    foreach ($assembly in $database.assemblies) {

                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $assembly -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $assembly.Parent.Parent.NetName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $assembly -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $assembly.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $assembly -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $assembly.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $assembly -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, Owner, 'AssemblySecurityLevel as SecurityLevel', CreateDate, IsSystemObject, Version
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue pulling assembly information" -Target $assembly -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a summary of encryption used on databases passed to it.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Shows if a database has Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), any certificates, asymmetric keys or symmetric keys with details for each.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
        Switch parameter that when used will display system database information.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01
 
        List all encryption found on the instance by database
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB
 
        List all encryption found for the MyDB database.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01 -ExcludeDatabase MyDB
 
        List all encryption found for all databases except MyDB.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01 -IncludeSystemDBs
 
        List all encryption found for all databases including the system databases.
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            #For each SQL Server in collection, connect and get SMO object
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #If IncludeSystemDBs is true, include systemdbs
            #only look at online databases (Status equal normal)
            try {
                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
                }
                elseif ($IncludeSystemDBs) {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
                }
                else {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather dbs for $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db"

                if ($db.EncryptionEnabled -eq $true) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "EncryptionEnabled (tde)"
                        Name                     = $null
                        LastBackup               = $null
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $null
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $null
                        KeyLength                = $null
                        Owner                    = $null
                        Object                   = $null
                    }

                }

                foreach ($cert in $db.Certificates) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "Certificate"
                        Name                     = $cert.Name
                        LastBackup               = $cert.LastBackupDate
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $cert.PrivateKeyEncryptionType
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $null
                        KeyLength                = $null
                        Owner                    = $cert.Owner
                        Object                   = $cert
                    }

                }

                foreach ($ak in $db.AsymmetricKeys) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "Asymentric key"
                        Name                     = $ak.Name
                        LastBackup               = $null
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $ak.PrivateKeyEncryptionType
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $ak.KeyEncryptionAlgorithm
                        KeyLength                = $ak.KeyLength
                        Owner                    = $ak.Owner
                        Object                   = $ak
                    }

                }
                foreach ($sk in $db.SymmetricKeys) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        Server                   = $server.name
                        Instance                 = $server.InstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "Symmetric key"
                        Name                     = $sk.Name
                        LastBackup               = $null
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $sk.PrivateKeyEncryptionType
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $ak.EncryptionAlgorithm
                        KeyLength                = $sk.KeyLength
                        Owner                    = $sk.Owner
                        Object                   = $sk
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaDatabaseFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Returns detailed information about database files.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Returns detailed information about database files. Does not use SMO - SMO causes enumeration and this command avoids that.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Credentials to connect to the SQL Server instance if the calling user doesn't have permission
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
    Internal Variable
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
    Tags: Database
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance sql2016
 
    Will return an object containing all filegroups and their contained files for every database on the sql2016 SQL Server instance
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Impromptu
 
    Will return an object containing all filegroups and their contained files for the Impromptu Database on the sql2016 SQL Server instance
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Impromptu, Trading
 
    Will return an object containing all filegroups and their contained files for the Impromptu and Trading databases on the sql2016 SQL Server instance
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException

    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql = "select
            fg.name as FileGroupName,
            df.file_id as 'ID',
            df.Type,
            df.type_desc as TypeDescription,
            df.name as LogicalName,
            mf.physical_name as PhysicalName,
            df.state_desc as State,
            df.max_size as MaxSize,
            case mf.is_percent_growth when 1 then df.growth else df.Growth*8 end as Growth,
            fileproperty(df.name, 'spaceused') as UsedSpace,
            df.size as Size,
            vfs.size_on_disk_bytes as size_on_disk_bytes,
            case df.state_desc when 'OFFLINE' then 'True' else 'False' End as IsOffline,
            case mf.is_read_only when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            case mf.is_media_read_only when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnlyMedia,
            case mf.is_sparse when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsSparse,
            case mf.is_percent_growth when 1 then 'Percent' when 0 then 'kb' End as GrowthType,
            case mf.is_read_only when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            vfs.num_of_writes as NumberOfDiskWrites,
            vfs.num_of_reads as NumberOfDiskReads,
            vfs.num_of_bytes_read as BytesReadFromDisk,
            vfs.num_of_bytes_written as BytesWrittenToDisk,
             fg.data_space_id as FileGroupDataSpaceId,
            fg.Type as FileGroupType,
            fg.type_desc as FileGroupTypeDescription,
            case fg.is_default When 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' end as FileGroupDefault,
            fg.is_read_only as FileGroupReadOnly"

            $sqlfrom = "from sys.database_files df
            left outer join sys.filegroups fg on df.data_space_id=fg.data_space_id
            inner join sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(db_id(),NULL) vfs on df.file_id=vfs.file_id
            inner join sys.master_files mf on df.file_id = mf.file_id
            and mf.database_id = db_id()"

            $sql2008 = ",vs.available_bytes as 'VolumeFreeSpace'"
            $sql2008from = "cross apply sys.dm_os_volume_stats(db_id(),df.file_id) vs"

            $sql2000 = "select
            fg.groupname as FileGroupName,
            df.fileid as ID,
            CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x40) / 64 as Type,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x40) / 64 when 1 then 'LOG' else 'ROWS' end as TypeDescription,
            df.name as LogicalName,
            df.filename as PhysicalName,
            'Existing' as State,
            df.maxsize as MaxSize,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x100000) / 1048576 when 1 then df.growth when 0 then df.growth*8 End as Growth,
            fileproperty(df.name, 'spaceused') as UsedSpace,
            df.size as Size,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x20000000) / 536870912 when 1 then 'True' else 'False' End as IsOffline,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x10) / 16 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x1000) / 4096 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnlyMedia,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x10000000) / 268435456 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsSparse,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x100000) / 1048576 when 1 then 'Percent' when 0 then 'kb' End as GrowthType,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x1000) / 4096 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            fg.groupid as FileGroupDataSpaceId,
            NULL as FileGroupType,
            NULL AS FileGroupTypeDescription,
            CAST(fg.Status & 0x10 as BIT) as FileGroupDefault,
            CAST(fg.Status & 0x8 as BIT) as FileGroupReadOnly
            from sysfiles df
            left outer join sysfilegroups fg on df.groupid=fg.groupid"

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Databases provided"

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping"
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying database $db"

                $version = Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Select-Object DatabaseCompatibility
                $version = + ($version.DatabaseCompatibility.ToString().replace("Version", "")) / 10

                if ($version -ge 11) {
                    $query = ($sql, $sql2008, $sqlfrom, $sql2008from) -join "`n"
                }
                elseif ($version -ge 9) {
                    $query = ($sql, $sqlfrom) -join "`n"
                }
                else {
                    $query = $sql2000
                }
                
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $query"

                $results = $server.Query($query, $db.name)

                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    $size = [dbasize]($result.Size * 8192)
                    $usedspace = [dbasize]($result.UsedSpace * 8192)
                    $maxsize = $result.MaxSize
                    # calculation is done here because for snapshots or sparse files size is not the "virtual" size
                    # (master_files.Size) but the currently allocated one (dm_io_virtual_file_stats.size_on_disk_bytes)
                    $AvailableSpace = $size - $usedspace
                    if ($result.size_on_disk_bytes) {
                        $size = [dbasize]($result.size_on_disk_bytes)
                    }
                    if ($maxsize -gt -1) {
                        $maxsize = [dbasize]($result.MaxSize * 8192)
                    }
                    else {
                        $maxsize = [dbasize]($result.MaxSize)
                    }

                    if ($result.VolumeFreeSpace) {
                        $VolumeFreeSpace = [dbasize]$result.VolumeFreeSpace
                    }
                    else {
                        $disks = $server.Query("xp_fixeddrives", $db.name)
                        $MbFreeColName = ($disks | select -first 1).psobject.Properties.Name[1]
                        $free = $disks | Where-Object { $_.drive -eq $result.PhysicalName.Substring(0, 1) } | Select-Object $MbFreeColName -ExpandProperty $MbFreeColName
                        $VolumeFreeSpace = [dbasize]($free * 1024 * 1024)
                    }
                    if ($result.GrowthType -eq "Percent") {
                        $nextgrowtheventadd = [dbasize]($result.size * ($result.Growth * 0.01) * 1024)
                    }
                    else {
                        $nextgrowtheventadd = [dbasize]($result.Growth * 8 * 1024)
                    }
                    if ( ($nextgrowtheventadd.Byte -gt ($MaxSize.Byte - $size.Byte)) -and $maxsize -gt 0 ) { [dbasize]$nextgrowtheventadd = 0 }

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.name
                        FileGroupName            = $result.FileGroupName
                        ID                       = $result.ID
                        Type                     = $result.Type
                        TypeDescription          = $result.TypeDescription
                        LogicalName              = $result.LogicalName.Trim()
                        PhysicalName             = $result.PhysicalName.Trim()
                        State                    = $result.State
                        MaxSize                  = $maxsize
                        Growth                   = $result.Growth
                        GrowthType               = $result.GrowthType
                        NextGrowthEventSize      = $nextgrowtheventadd
                        Size                     = $size
                        UsedSpace                = $usedspace
                        AvailableSpace           = $AvailableSpace
                        IsOffline                = $result.IsOffline
                        IsReadOnly               = $result.IsReadOnly
                        IsReadOnlyMedia          = $result.IsReadOnlyMedia
                        IsSparse                 = $result.IsSparse
                        NumberOfDiskWrites       = $result.NumberOfDiskWrites
                        NumberOfDiskReads        = $result.NumberOfDiskReads
                        ReadFromDisk             = [dbasize]$result.BytesReadFromDisk
                        WrittenToDisk            = [dbasize]$result.BytesWrittenToDisk
                        VolumeFreeSpace          = $VolumeFreeSpace
                        FileGroupDataSpaceId     = $result.FileGroupDataSpaceId
                        FileGroupType            = $result.FileGroupType
                        FileGroupTypeDescription = $result.FileGroupTypeDescription
                        FileGroupDefault         = $result.FileGroupDefault
                        FileGroupReadOnly        = $result.FileGroupReadOnly
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabaseMasterKey {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets specified database master key
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets specified database master key
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
Get master key from specific database
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate, Databases
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all master database keys
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the master key for the db1 database
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                $masterkey = $db.MasterKey

                if (!$masterkey) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No master key exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $masterkey -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, DateLastModified, IsEncryptedByServer
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabasePartitionFunction {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets database Partition Functions
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets database Partition Functions
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
To get users from specific database(s)
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabasePartitionFunction -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all database Partition Functions
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabasePartitionFunction -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the Partition Functions for the db1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabasePartitionFunction -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1
 
Gets the Partition Functions for all databases except db1
 
.EXAMPLE
'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDatabasePartitionFunction
 
Gets the Partition Functions for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                $partitionfunctions = $db.partitionfunctions

                if (!$partitionfunctions) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No Partition Functions exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                $partitionfunctions | foreach {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, Name, NumberOfPartitions
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabasePartitionScheme {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets database Partition Schemes
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets database Partition Schemes
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
To get users from specific database(s)
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabasePartitionScheme -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all database Partition Schemes
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabasePartitionScheme -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the Partition Schemes for the db1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabasePartitionScheme -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1
 
Gets the Partition Schemes for all databases except db1
 
.EXAMPLE
'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDatabasePartitionScheme
 
Gets the Partition Schemes for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                $PartitionSchemes = $db.PartitionSchemes

                if (!$PartitionSchemes) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No Partition Schemes exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                $PartitionSchemes | foreach {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, PartitionFunction
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl#
function Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Get database snapshots with details
 
.DESCRIPTION
Retrieves the list of database snapshot available, along with their base (the db they are the snapshot of) and creation time
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Database
Return information for only specific databases
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER Snapshot
Return information for only specific snapshots
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeSnapshot
The snapshot(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Snapshot
Author: niphlod
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
Returns a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting
 
Returns information for database snapshots having HR and Accounting as base dbs
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Snapshot HR_snapshot, Accounting_snapshot
 
Returns information for database snapshots HR_snapshot and Accounting_snapshot
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Snapshot,
        [object[]]$ExcludeSnapshot,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
            }
            if ($Snapshot) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Snapshot -contains $_.Name }
            }
            if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsDatabaseSnapshot -eq $true | Sort-Object DatabaseSnapshotBaseName, Name
            }
            if ($ExcludeSnapshot) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeSnapshot -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $object = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName    = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database        = $db.name
                    SnapshotOf      = $db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
                    SizeMB          = [Math]::Round($db.Size, 2) ##FIXME, should use the stats for sparse files
                    DatabaseCreated = [dbadatetime]$db.createDate
                    SnapshotDb      = $db
                }

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaDatabaseSpace {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database file space information for database files on a SQL instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns database file space information for a SQL Instance or group of SQL Instances. Information is based on a query against sys.database_files and the FILEPROPERTY function to query and return information.
 
            File free space script borrowed and modified from Glenn Berry's DMV scripts (http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/category/dmv-queries/)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
            If this switch is enabled, system databases will be processed. By default, only user databases are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabaseSpace -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all user database files and free space information for the localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabaseSpace -SqlInstance localhost | Where-Object {$_.PercentUsed -gt 80}
 
            Returns all user database files and free space information for the local host. Filters the output object by any files that have a percent used of greater than 80%.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaDatabaseSpace
 
            Returns all user database files and free space information for the localhost and localhost\namedinstance SQL Server instances. Processes data via the pipeline.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabaseSpace -SqlInstance localhost -Database db1, db2
 
            Returns database files and free space information for the db1 and db2 on localhost.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabaseSpace
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")."

        $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                                   ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                                   SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                    DB_NAME() as DBName
                    ,f.name AS [FileName]
                    ,fg.name AS [Filegroup]
                    ,f.physical_name AS [PhysicalName]
                    ,f.type_desc AS [FileType]
                    ,CAST(CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int)/128.0 AS FLOAT) as [UsedSpaceMB]
                    ,CAST(f.size/128.0 - CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int)/128.0 AS FLOAT) AS [FreeSpaceMB]
                    ,CAST((f.size/128.0) AS FLOAT) AS [FileSizeMB]
                    ,CAST((FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed')/(f.size/1.0)) * 100 as FLOAT) as [PercentUsed]
                    ,CAST((f.growth/128.0) AS FLOAT) AS [GrowthMB]
                    ,CASE is_percent_growth WHEN 1 THEN 'pct' WHEN 0 THEN 'MB' ELSE 'Unknown' END AS [GrowthType]
                    ,CASE f.max_size WHEN -1 THEN 2147483648. ELSE CAST((f.max_size/128.0) AS FLOAT) END AS [MaxSizeMB]
                    ,CAST((f.size/128.0) AS FLOAT) - CAST(CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int)/128.0 AS FLOAT) AS [SpaceBeforeAutoGrow]
                    ,CASE f.max_size WHEN (-1)
                                        THEN CAST(((2147483648.) - CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                        ELSE CAST((f.max_size - CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                        END AS [SpaceBeforeMax]
                    ,CASE f.growth WHEN 0 THEN 0.00
                                    ELSE CASE f.is_percent_growth WHEN 0
                                                    THEN CASE f.max_size
                                                            WHEN (-1)
                                                            THEN CAST(((((2147483648.)-f.Size)/f.Growth)*f.Growth)/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            ELSE CAST((((f.max_size-f.Size)/f.Growth)*f.Growth)/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            END
                                                    WHEN 1
                                                    THEN CASE f.max_size
                                                            WHEN (-1)
                                                            THEN CAST(CONVERT([int],f.Size*power((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100),CONVERT([int],log10(CONVERT([float],(2147483648.))/CONVERT([float],f.Size))/log10((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100)))))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            ELSE CAST(CONVERT([int],f.Size*power((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100),CONVERT([int],log10(CONVERT([float],f.Max_Size)/CONVERT([float],f.Size))/log10((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100)))))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            END
                                                    ELSE (0)
                                                    END
                                    END AS [PossibleAutoGrowthMB]
                    , CASE f.max_size WHEN -1 THEN 0
                                        ELSE CASE f.growth
                                                WHEN 0 THEN (f.max_size - f.size)/128
                                                ELSE CASE f.is_percent_growth
                                                        WHEN 0
                                                        THEN CAST((f.max_size - f.size - ( CONVERT(FLOAT,FLOOR((f.max_size-f.Size)/f.Growth)*f.Growth)))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                        ELSE CAST((f.max_size - f.size - ( CONVERT([int],f.Size*power((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100),CONVERT([int],log10(CONVERT([float],f.Max_Size)/CONVERT([float],f.Size))/log10((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100)))))))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                        END
                                                END
                                    END AS [UnusableSpaceMB]
 
                FROM sys.database_files AS f WITH (NOLOCK)
                LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.filegroups AS fg WITH (NOLOCK)
                ON f.data_space_id = fg.data_space_id"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance." -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SQL Server 2000 not supported. $server skipped."
                continue
            }

            #If IncludeSystemDBs is true, include systemdbs
            #look at all databases, online/offline/accessible/inaccessible and tell user if a db can't be queried.
            try {
                if (Test-Bound "Database") {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
                }
                elseif ($IncludeSystemDBs) {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
                }
                else {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                if (Test-Bound "ExcludeDatabase") {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather databases for $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying $instance - $db."
                    If ($db.status -ne 'Normal' -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible." -Target $db
                        continue
                    }
                    #Execute query against individual database and add to output
                    foreach ($row in ($db.ExecuteWithResults($sql)).Tables.Rows) {
                        if ($row.UsedSpaceMB -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $UsedMB = 0
                        }
                        else {
                            $UsedMB = [Math]::Round($row.UsedSpaceMB)
                        }
                        if ($row.FreeSpaceMB -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $FreeMB = 0
                        }
                        else {
                            $FreeMB = [Math]::Round($row.FreeSpaceMB)
                        }
                        if ($row.PercentUsed -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $PercentUsed = 0
                        }
                        else {
                            $PercentUsed = [Math]::Round($row.PercentUsed)
                        }
                        if ($row.SpaceBeforeMax -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $SpaceUntilMax = 0
                        }
                        else {
                            $SpaceUntilMax = [Math]::Round($row.SpaceBeforeMax)
                        }
                        if ($row.UnusableSpaceMB -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $UnusableSpace = 0
                        }
                        else {
                            $UnusableSpace = [Math]::Round($row.UnusableSpaceMB)
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName         = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName         = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance          = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database             = $row.DBName
                            FileName             = $row.FileName
                            FileGroup            = $row.FileGroup
                            PhysicalName         = $row.PhysicalName
                            FileType             = $row.FileType
                            UsedSpaceMB          = $UsedMB
                            FreeSpaceMB          = $FreeMB
                            FileSizeMB           = $row.FileSizeMB
                            PercentUsed          = $PercentUsed
                            AutoGrowth           = $row.GrowthMB
                            AutoGrowType         = $row.GrowthType
                            SpaceUntilMaxSizeMB  = $SpaceUntilMax
                            AutoGrowthPossibleMB = $row.PossibleAutoGrowthMB
                            UnusableSpaceMB      = $UnusableSpace
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseFreeSpace
    }
}

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDatabaseState {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets various options for databases, hereby called "states"
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets some common "states" on databases:
 - "RW" options : READ_ONLY or READ_WRITE
 - "Status" options : ONLINE, OFFLINE, EMERGENCY, RESTORING
 - "Access" options : SINGLE_USER, RESTRICTED_USER, MULTI_USER
 
Returns an object with SqlInstance, Database, RW, Status, Access
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Databases
Author: niphlod
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabaseState
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
Gets options for all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting
 
Gets options for both HR and Accounting database of the sqlserver2014a instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Exclude HR
 
Gets options for all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance except HR
 
.EXAMPLE
'sqlserver2014a', 'sqlserver2014b' | Get-DbaDatabaseState
 
Gets options for all databases of sqlserver2014a and sqlserver2014b instances
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $DbStatesQuery = @'
SELECT
Name = name,
Access = user_access_desc,
Status = state_desc,
RW = CASE WHEN is_read_only = 0 THEN 'READ_WRITE' ELSE 'READ_ONLY' END
FROM sys.databases
'@

    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $all_dbs = $server.Databases
            $dbs = $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $dbStates = $server.Query($DbStatesQuery)
            # "normal" hashtable doesn't account for case sensitivity
            $dbStatesHash = New-Object -TypeName System.Collections.Hashtable
            foreach ($db in $dbStates) {
                $dbStatesHash.Add($db.Name, [pscustomobject]@{
                        Access = $db.Access
                        Status = $db.Status
                        RW     = $db.RW
                    })
            }
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $db_status = $dbStatesHash[$db.Name]

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    SqlInstance  = $server.Name
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW           = $db_status.RW
                    Status       = $db_status.Status
                    Access       = $db_status.Access
                    Database     = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaDatabaseUdf {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets database User Defined Functions
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets database User Defined Functions
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
To get User Defined Functions from specific database(s)
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeSystemUdf
This switch removes all system objects from the UDF collection
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: security, Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUdf -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all database User Defined Functions
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUdf -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the User Defined Functions for the db1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUdf -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1
 
Gets the User Defined Functions for all databases except db1
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUdf -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemUdf
 
Gets the User Defined Functions for all databases that are not system objects (there can be 100+ system User Defined Functions in each DB)
 
.EXAMPLE
'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDatabaseUdf
 
Gets the User Defined Functions for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemUdf,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                $UserDefinedFunctions = $db.UserDefinedFunctions

                if (!$UserDefinedFunctions) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No User Defined Functions exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemUdf) {
                    $UserDefinedFunctions = $UserDefinedFunctions | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                }

                $UserDefinedFunctions | foreach {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Schema, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name, DataType
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabaseUser {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets database users
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets database users
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
To get users from specific database(s)
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeSystemUser
This switch removes all system objects from the user collection
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: security, Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all database users
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the users for the db1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1
 
Gets the users for all databases except db1
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemUser
 
Gets the users for all databases that are not system objects, like 'dbo', 'guest' or 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA'
 
.EXAMPLE
'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDatabaseUser
 
Gets the users for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemUser,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                $users = $db.users

                if (!$users) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No users exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemUser) {
                    $users = $users | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                }

                $users | foreach {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name, Login, LoginType, AuthenticationType, State, HasDbAccess, DefaultSchema
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDatabaseView {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets database views
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets database views
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
To get views from specific database(s)
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeSystemView
This switch removes all system objects from the view collection
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: security, Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseView -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all database views
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseView -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the views for the db1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseView -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1
 
Gets the views for all databases except db1
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseView -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemView
 
Gets the views for all databases that are not system objects (there can be 400+ system views in each DB)
 
.EXAMPLE
'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDatabaseView
 
Gets the views for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemView,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                $views = $db.views

                if (!$views) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No views exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemView) {
                    $views = $views | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                }

                $views | foreach {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Schema, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets database certificates
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets database certificates
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instance
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Database
Get certificate from specific database
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
Database(s) to ignore when retrieving certificates.
 
.PARAMETER Certificate
Get specific certificate
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets all certificates
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
Gets the certificate for the db1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Certificate cert1
 
Gets the cert1 certificate within the db1 database
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Certificate,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseCertificate
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible, skipping"
                    continue
                }
                $dbName = $db.Name
                $currentdb = $server.Databases[$dbName]

                if ($null -eq $currentdb) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on $instance" -Target $currentdb -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                if ($null -eq $currentdb.Certificates) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No certificate exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $currentdb -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                $certs = $currentdb.Certificates
                if ($Certificate) {
                    $certs = $certs | Where-Object Name -in $Certificate
                }

                foreach ($cert in $certs) {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $currentdb.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $cert -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, Subject, StartDate, ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog, ExpirationDate, Issuer, LastBackupDate, Owner, PrivateKeyEncryptionType, Serial
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the history of mail sent from a SQL instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the history of mail sent from a SQL instance
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance, or instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER Since
    Datetime object used to narrow the results to the send request date
 
    .PARAMETER Status
    Narrow the results by status. Valid values include Unsent, Sent, Failed and Retrying
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailHistory
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDbMailHistory -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
 
        Returns the entire dbmail history on sql01\sharepoint
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDbMailHistory -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *
 
        Returns the entire dbmail history on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        $servers | Get-DbaDbMailHistory
 
        Returns the all dbmail history for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [DateTime]$Since,
        [ValidateSet('Unsent', 'Sent', 'Failed', 'Retrying')]
        [string]$Status,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category Connectiondbmail -dbmailRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                    mailitem_id as MailItemId,
                    a.profile_id as ProfileId,
                    p.name as Profile,
                    recipients as Recipients,
                    copy_recipients as CopyRecipients,
                    blind_copy_recipients as BlindCopyRecipients,
                    subject as Subject,
                    body as Body,
                    body_format as BodyFormat,
                    importance as Importance,
                    sensitivity as Sensitivity,
                    file_attachments as FileAttachments,
                    attachment_encoding as AttachmentEncoding,
                    query as Query,
                    execute_query_database as ExecuteQueryDatabase,
                    attach_query_result_as_file as AttachQueryResultAsFile,
                    query_result_header as QueryResultHeader,
                    query_result_width as QueryResultWidth,
                    query_result_separator as QueryResultSeparator,
                    exclude_query_output as ExcludeQueryOutput,
                    append_query_error as AppendQueryError,
                    send_request_date as SendRequestDate,
                    send_request_user as SendRequestUser,
                    sent_account_id as SentAccountId,
                    CASE sent_status
                    WHEN 'unsent' THEN 'Unsent'
                    WHEN 'sent' THEN 'Sent'
                    WHEN 'failed' THEN 'Failed'
                    WHEN 'retrying' THEN 'Retrying'
                    END AS SentStatus,
                    sent_date as SentDate,
                    last_mod_date as LastModDate,
                    a.last_mod_user as LastModUser
                    from msdb.dbo.sysmail_allitems a
                    join msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile p
                    on a.profile_id = p.profile_id"

            if ($Since -or $Status) {
                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Since) {
                    $wherearray += "send_request_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }

                if ($Status) {
                    $Status = $Status -join "', '"
                    $wherearray += "sent_status in ('$Status')"
                }

                $wherearray = $wherearray -join ' and '
                $where = "where $wherearray"
                $sql = "$sql $where"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Profile, Recipients, CopyRecipients, BlindCopyRecipients, Subject, Importance, Sensitivity, FileAttachments, AttachmentEncoding, SendRequestDate, SendRequestUser, SentStatus, SentDate
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Query failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the DBMail log from a SQL instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the DBMail log from a SQL instance
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance, or instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER Since
    Datetime object used to narrow the results to the send request date
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    Narrow the results by type. Valid values include Error, Warning, Success, Information, Internal
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailLog
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDbMailLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
 
        Returns the entire dbmail log on sql01\sharepoint
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDbMailLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *
 
        Returns the entire dbmail log on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        $servers | Get-DbaDbMailLog -Type Error, Information
 
        Returns only the Error and Information dbmail log for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [DateTime]$Since,
        [ValidateSet('Error', 'Warning', 'Success', 'Information', 'Internal')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category Connectiondbmail -dbmailRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
            log_id as LogId,
            CASE event_type
            WHEN 'error' THEN 'Error'
            WHEN 'warning' THEN 'Warning'
            WHEN 'information' THEN 'Information'
            WHEN 'success' THEN 'Success'
            WHEN 'internal' THEN 'Internal'
            ELSE event_type
            END as EventType,
            log_date as LogDate,
            REPLACE(description, CHAR(10)+')', '') as Description,
            process_id as ProcessId,
            mailitem_id as MailItemId,
            account_id as AccountId,
            last_mod_date as LastModDate,
            last_mod_user as LastModUser,
            last_mod_user as [Login]
            FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_event_log"

            if ($Since -or $Type) {
                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Since) {
                    $wherearray += "log_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }

                if ($Type) {
                    $combinedtype = $Type -join "', '"
                    $wherearray += "event_type in ('$combinedtype')"
                }

                $wherearray = $wherearray -join ' and '
                $where = "where $wherearray"
                $sql = "$sql $where"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, EventType, Description, Login
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Query failure" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Get the Query Store configuration for Query Store enabled databases.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Retrieves and returns the Query Store configuration for every database that has the Query Store feature enabled.
 
.OUTPUTS
Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.QueryStoreOptions
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: QueryStore
Author: Enrico van de Laar ( @evdlaar )
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaQueryStoreOptions
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance ServerA\sql
 
Returns Query Store configuration settings for every database on the ServerA\sql instance.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance ServerA\sql | Where-Object {$_.ActualState -eq "ReadWrite"}
 
Returns the Query Store configuration for all databases on ServerA\sql where the Query Store feature is in Read/Write mode.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance localhost | format-table -AutoSize -Wrap
 
Returns Query Store configuration settings for every database on the ServerA\sql instance inside a table format.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $ExcludeDatabase += 'master', 'tempdb'
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $instance. Moving on."
                continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 13) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The SQL Server Instance ($instance) has a lower SQL Server version than SQL Server 2016. Skipping server."
                continue
            }

            # We have to exclude all the system databases since they cannot have the Query Store feature enabled
            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase -Database $Database | Where-Object IsAccessible

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.Name) on $instance"
                $QSO = $db.QueryStoreOptions

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty Database -value $db.Name
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $QSO -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, ActualState, DataFlushIntervalInSeconds, StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes, MaxStorageSizeInMB, CurrentStorageSizeInMB, QueryCaptureMode, SizeBasedCleanupMode, StaleQueryThresholdInDays
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel displays the Recovery Model.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel displays the Recovery Model for all databases. This is the default, you can filter using -Database, -ExcludeDatabase, -RecoveryModel
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
            Filters the output based on Recovery Model. Valid options are Simple, Full and BulkLogged
 
            Details about the recovery models can be found here:
            https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/backup-restore/recovery-models-sql-server
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Recovery, RecoveryModel, Simple, Full, Bulk, BulkLogged
            Author: Viorel Ciucu (@viorelciucu), https://www.cviorel.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel BulkLogged -Verbose
 
            Gets all databases on SQL Server instance sql2014 having RecoveryModel set to BulkLogged
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database TestDB
 
            Gets recovery model information for TestDB. If TestDB does not exist on the instance we don't return anythig.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('Simple', 'Full', 'BulkLogged')]
        [string[]]$RecoveryModel,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name', 'Status', 'IsAccessible', 'RecoveryModel',
        'LastBackupDate as LastFullBackup', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate as LastDiffBackup',
        'LastLogBackupDate as LastLogBackup'
    }
    process {
        $params = @{
            SqlInstance     = $SqlInstance
            SqlCredential   = $SqlCredential
            Database        = $Database
            ExcludeDatabase = $ExcludeDatabase
            EnableException = $EnableException
        }

        if ($RecoveryModel) {
            Get-DbaDatabase @params | Where-Object RecoveryModel -in $RecoveryModel | Where-Object IsAccessible | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaults
        }
        else {
            Get-DbaDatabase @params | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaults
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbRole {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Get database roles on a Sql instance.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Get database roles on a Sql instance.
 
Default output includes columns SQLServer, Database, Role.
 
.PARAMETER SQLInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeFixedRole
Excludes all fixed roles.
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Roles, Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbRole
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbRole -SqlInstance ServerA
 
Returns a custom object displaying SQLServer, Database, Role for all DatabaseRoles on sql instance ServerA.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbRole -SqlInstance ServerA | Out-Gridview
 
Returns a gridview displaying SQLServer, Database, Role for all DatabaseRoles on sql instance ServerA.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbRole -SqlInstance ServerB\sql16 -ExcludeDatabase DBADB,TestDB
 
Returns SQLServer, Database, Role for DatabaseRoles on sql instance ServerB\sql16, except those in databases DBADB and TestDB.
 
.EXAMPLE
'ServerB\sql16','ServerA' | Get-DbaDbRole
 
Returns SQLServer, Database, Role for DatabaseRoles on sql instances ServerA and ServerB\sql16.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbRole -SqlInstance ServerB\sql16 -Database AccountingDB
 
Returns SQLServer, Database, Role for DatabaseRoles in database AccountingDB on sql instance ServerB\sql16.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDbRole -SqlInstance ServerB\sql16 -ExcludeFixedRoles
 
Returns SQLServer, Database, Role for DatabaseRoles on sql instance ServerB\sql16, but not the fixed roles.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('SqlServer', 'ServerInstance')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeFixedRole,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Databases to check: $Database"
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Databases excluded from check: $ExcludeDatabase"
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking accessibility of $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db on $instance is not accessible"
                    continue
                }

                $dbroles = $db.roles
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Database Roles for $db on $instance"

                if ($ExcludeFixedRole) {
                    $dbroles = $dbroles | Where-Object IsFixedRole -eq $false
                }

                foreach ($dbrole in $dbroles) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $dbrole -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $dbrole -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $dbrole -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $dbrole -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $dbrole -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, Owner, CreateDate, DateLastModified, IsFixedRole
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets database Stored Procedures
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets database Stored Procedures
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance(s)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            To get Stored Procedures from specific database(s)
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemSp
            This switch removes all system objects from the Stored Procedure collection
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Databases
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Gets all database Stored Procedures
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1
 
            Gets the Stored Procedures for the db1 database
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1
 
            Gets the Stored Procedures for all databases except db1
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemSp
 
            Gets the Stored Procedures for all databases that are not system objects
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure
 
            Gets the Stored Procedures for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemSp,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }
                if ($db.StoredProcedures.Count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No Stored Procedures exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Output
                    continue
                }

                foreach ($proc in $db.StoredProcedures) {
                    if ( (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemSp) -and $proc.IsSystemObject ) {
                        continue
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Schema', 'ID as ObjectId', 'CreateDate',
                    'DateLastModified', 'Name', 'ImplementationType', 'Startup'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $proc -Property $defaults
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database virtual log file information for database files on a SQL instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Having a transaction log file with too many virtual log files (VLFs) can hurt database performance.
 
            Too many VLFs can cause transaction log backups to slow down and can also slow down database recovery and, in extreme cases, even affect insert/update/delete performance.
 
            References:
                http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
                http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx
 
            If you've got a high number of VLFs, you can use Expand-SqlTLogResponsibly to reduce the number.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
            If this switch is enabled, system database information will be displayed.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: VLF, Database, LogFile
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster
 
            Returns all user database virtual log file counts for the sqlcluster instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlserver | Where-Object {$_.Count -ge 50}
 
            Returns user databases that have 50 or more VLFs.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            @('sqlserver','sqlcluster') | Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile
 
            Returns all VLF information for the sqlserver and sqlcluster SQL Server instances. Processes data via the pipeline.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1, db2
 
            Returns the VLF counts for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlcluster.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (!$IncludeSystemDBs) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $data = $db.Query("DBCC LOGINFO")

                    foreach ($d in $data) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database       = $db.Name
                            RecoveryUnitId = $d.RecoveryUnitId
                            FileId         = $d.FileId
                            FileSize       = $d.FileSize
                            StartOffset    = $d.StartOffset
                            FSeqNo         = $d.FSeqNo
                            Status         = $d.Status
                            Parity         = $d.Parity
                            CreateLsn      = $d.CreateLSN
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $($db.name) on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDefaultPath {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the default SQL Server paths for data, logs and backups
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the default SQL Server paths for data, logs and backups
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance, or instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Config
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDefaultPath
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
 
        Returns the default file paths for sql01\sharepoint
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        $servers | Get-DbaDefaultPath
 
        Returns the default file paths for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $datapath = $server.DefaultFile

            if ($datapath.Length -eq 0) {
                $datapath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultDataPath')")
            }

            <# eh, this can be a failback if we can get it to work ;)
            if ($datapath -eq [System.DBNull]::Value -or $datapath.Length -eq 0) {
                $datapath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'DefaultData'")
            }
            #>

            if ($datapath -eq [System.DBNull]::Value -or $datapath.Length -eq 0) {
                $datapath = Split-Path (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database model).FileGroups[0].Files[0].FileName
            }

            if ($datapath.Length -eq 0) {
                $datapath = $server.Information.MasterDbPath
            }

            $logpath = $server.DefaultLog

            if ($logpath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logpath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultLogPath')")
            }

            <#
            eh, this can be a failback if we can get it to work ;)
            right now, the Get-Database thing below causes enumeration which slows stuff down on systems with hundreds of dbs
            if ($logpath -eq [System.DBNull]::Value -or $logpath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logpath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'DefaultLog'")
            }
            #>

            if ($logpath -eq [System.DBNull]::Value -or $logpath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logpath = Split-Path (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database model).LogFiles.FileName
            }

            if ($logpath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logpath = $server.Information.MasterDbLogPath
            }

            $datapath = $datapath.Trim().TrimEnd("\")
            $logpath = $logpath.Trim().TrimEnd("\")

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Data         = $datapath
                Log          = $logpath
                Backup       = $server.BackupDirectory
                ErrorLog     = $server.ErrorLogPath
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDependency {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Finds object dependencies and their relevant creation scripts.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function recursively finds all objects that depends on the input.
            It will then retrieve rich information from them, including their creation scripts and the order in which it should be applied.
 
            By using the 'Parents' switch, the function will instead retrieve all items that the input depends on (including their creation scripts).
 
            For more details on dependency, see:
            https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms345449(v=sql.105).aspx
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            The SMO object to parse
 
        .PARAMETER AllowSystemObjects
            Normally, system objects are ignored by this function as dependencies.
            This switch overrides that behavior.
 
        .PARAMETER Parents
            Causes the function to retrieve all objects that the input depends on, rather than retrieving everything that depends on the input.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSelf
            Includes the object whose dependencies are retrieves itself.
            Useful when exporting an entire logic structure in order to recreate it in another database.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeScript
            Setting this switch will cause the function to also retrieve the creation script of the dependency.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $table = (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2012 -Database Northwind).tables | Where Name -eq Customers
            $table | Get-DbaDependency
 
            Returns everything that depends on the "Customers" table
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDependency
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        $InputObject,

        [switch]
        $AllowSystemObjects,

        [switch]
        $Parents,

        [switch]
        $IncludeSelf,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    Begin {
        #region Utility functions
        function Get-DependencyTree {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                $Object,

                $Server,

                [bool]
                $AllowSystemObjects,

                [bool]
                $EnumParents,

                [string]
                $FunctionName,

                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )

            $scripter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter
            $options = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
            $options.DriAll = $true
            $options.AllowSystemObjects = $AllowSystemObjects
            $options.WithDependencies = $true
            $scripter.Options = $options
            $scripter.Server = $Server

            $urnCollection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UrnCollection

            Write-Message -EnableException $EnableException -Level 5 -Message "Adding $Object which is a $($Object.urn.Type)" -FunctionName $FunctionName
            $urnCollection.Add([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.Urn]$Object.urn)

            #now we set up an event listnenr go get progress reports
            $progressReportEventHandler = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ProgressReportEventHandler] {
                $name = $_.Current.GetAttribute('Name');
                Write-Message -EnableException $EnableException -Level 5 -Message "Analysed $name" -FunctionName $FunctionName
            }
            $scripter.add_DiscoveryProgress($progressReportEventHandler)

            return $scripter.DiscoverDependencies($urnCollection, $EnumParents)
        }

        function Read-DependencyTree {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [System.Object]
                $InputObject,

                [int]
                $Tier,

                [System.Object]
                $Parent,

                [bool]
                $EnumParents
            )

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $InputObject -Name Parent -Value $Parent -MemberType NoteProperty
            if ($EnumParents) { Add-Member -Force -InputObject $InputObject -Name Tier -Value ($Tier * -1) -MemberType NoteProperty -PassThru }
            else { Add-Member -Force -InputObject $InputObject -Name Tier -Value $Tier -MemberType NoteProperty -PassThru }

            if ($InputObject.HasChildNodes) { Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $InputObject.FirstChild -Tier ($Tier + 1) -Parent $InputObject -EnumParents $EnumParents }
            if ($InputObject.NextSibling) { Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $InputObject.NextSibling -Tier $Tier -Parent $Parent -EnumParents $EnumParents }
        }

        function Get-DependencyTreeNodeDetail {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
                $SmoObject,

                $Server,

                $OriginalResource,

                [bool]
                $AllowSystemObjects
            )

            Begin {
                $scripter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter
                $options = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
                $options.DriAll = $true
                $options.AllowSystemObjects = $AllowSystemObjects
                $options.WithDependencies = $true
                $scripter.Options = $options
                $scripter.Server = $Server
            }

            process {
                foreach ($Item in $SmoObject) {
                    $richobject = $Server.GetSmoObject($Item.urn)
                    $parent = $Server.GetSmoObject($Item.Parent.Urn)

                    $NewObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.Dependency
                    $NewObject.ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    $NewObject.ServiceName = $server.ServiceName
                    $NewObject.SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $NewObject.Dependent = $richobject.Name
                    $NewObject.Type = $Item.Urn.Type
                    $NewObject.Owner = $richobject.Owner
                    $NewObject.IsSchemaBound = $Item.IsSchemaBound
                    $NewObject.Parent = $parent.Name
                    $NewObject.ParentType = $parent.Urn.Type
                    $NewObject.Tier = $Item.Tier
                    $NewObject.Object = $richobject
                    $NewObject.Urn = $richobject.Urn
                    $NewObject.OriginalResource = $OriginalResource

                    $SQLscript = $scripter.EnumScriptWithList($richobject)

                    # I can't remember how to remove these options and their syntax is breaking stuff
                    $SQLscript = $SQLscript -replace "SET ANSI_NULLS ON", ""
                    $SQLscript = $SQLscript -replace "SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON", ""
                    $NewObject.Script = "$SQLscript `r`ngo"

                    $NewObject
                }
            }
        }

        function Select-DependencyPrecedence {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
                $Dependency
            )

            Begin {
                $list = @()
            }
            Process {
                foreach ($dep in $Dependency) {
                    # Killing the pipeline is generally a bad idea, but since we have to group and sort things, we have not really a choice
                    $list += $dep
                }
            }
            End {
                $list | Group-Object -Property Object | ForEach-Object { $_.Group | Sort-Object -Property Tier -Descending | Select-Object -First 1 } | Sort-Object Tier
            }
        }
        #endregion Utility functions
    }
    Process {
        foreach ($Item in $InputObject) {
            Write-Message -EnableException $EnableException -Level 5 -Message "Processing: $Item"
            if ($null -eq $Item.urn) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Item is not a valid SMO object" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidData -Continue -Target $Item
            }

            # Find the server object to pass on to the function
            $parent = $Item.parent

            do { $parent = $parent.parent }
            until (($parent.urn.type -eq "Server") -or (-not $parent))

            if (-not $parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find valid server object in input: $Item" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidData -Continue -Target $Item
            }

            $server = $parent

            $tree = Get-DependencyTree -Object $Item -AllowSystemObjects $false -Server $server -FunctionName (Get-PSCallStack)[0].COmmand -EnableException $EnableException -EnumParents $Parents
            $limitCount = 2
            if ($IncludeSelf) { $limitCount = 1 }
            if ($tree.Count -lt $limitCount) {
                Write-Message -Message "No dependencies detected for $($Item)" -Level 2 -EnableException $EnableException
                continue
            }

            if ($IncludeSelf) { $resolved = Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $tree.FirstChild -Tier 0 -Parent $tree.FirstChild -EnumParents $Parents }
            else { $resolved = Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $tree.FirstChild.FirstChild -Tier 1 -Parent $tree.FirstChild -EnumParents $Parents }
            $resolved | Get-DependencyTreeNodeDetail -Server $server -OriginalResource $Item -AllowSystemObjects $AllowSystemObjects | Select-DependencyPrecedence
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDetachedDatabaseInfo {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get detailed information about detached SQL Server database files.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gathers the following information from detached database files: database name, SQL Server version (compatibility level), collation, and file structure.
 
            "Data files" and "Log file" report the structure of the data and log files as they were when the database was detached. "Database version" is the compatibility level.
 
            MDF files are most easily read by using a SQL Server to interpret them. Because of this, you must specify a SQL Server and the path must be relative to the SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Source SQL Server. This instance must be online and is required to parse the information contained with in the detached database file.
 
            This function will not attach the database file, it will only use SQL Server to read its contents.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the path to the MDF file to be read. This path must be readable by the SQL Server service account. Ideally, the MDF will be located on the SQL Server itself, or on a network share to which the SQL Server service account has access.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDetachedDatabaseInfo
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDetachedDatabaseInfo -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path M:\Archive\mydb.mdf
 
            Returns information about the detached database file M:\Archive\mydb.mdf using the SQL Server instance sql2016. The M drive is relative to the SQL Server instance.
     #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("Mdf")]
        [string]$Path,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    begin {
        function Get-MdfFileInfo {
            $datafiles = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
            $logfiles = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection

            $servername = $server.name
            $serviceaccount = $server.ServiceAccount

            $exists = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $Path

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                throw "$servername cannot access the file $path. Does the file exist and does the service account ($serviceaccount) have access to the path?"
            }

            try {
                $detachedDatabaseInfo = $server.DetachedDatabaseInfo($path)
                $dbname = ($detachedDatabaseInfo | Where-Object { $_.Property -eq "Database name" }).Value
                $exactdbversion = ($detachedDatabaseInfo | Where-Object { $_.Property -eq "Database version" }).Value
                $collationid = ($detachedDatabaseInfo | Where-Object { $_.Property -eq "Collation" }).Value
            }
            catch {
                throw "$servername cannot read the file $path. Is the database detached?"
            }

            switch ($exactdbversion) {
                852 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2016" }
                829 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2016 Prerelease" }
                782 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2014" }
                706 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2012" }
                684 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2012 CTP1" }
                661 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2008 R2" }
                660 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2008 R2" }
                655 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2008 SP2+" }
                612 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2005" }
                611 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2005" }
                539 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2000" }
                515 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 7.0" }
                408 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 6.5" }
                default { $dbversion = "Unknown" }
            }

            $collationsql = "SELECT name FROM fn_helpcollations() where collationproperty(name, N'COLLATIONID') = $collationid"

            try {
                $dataset = $server.databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($collationsql)
                $collation = "$($dataset.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0))"
            }
            catch {
                $collation = $collationid
            }

            if ($collation.length -eq 0) { $collation = $collationid }

            try {
                foreach ($file in $server.EnumDetachedDatabaseFiles($path)) {
                    $datafiles += $file
                }

                foreach ($file in $server.EnumDetachedLogFiles($path)) {
                    $logfiles += $file
                }
            }
            catch {
                throw "$servername unable to enumerate database or log structure information for $path"
            }

            $mdfinfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                Name         = $dbname
                Version      = $dbversion
                ExactVersion = $exactdbversion
                Collation    = $collation
                DataFiles    = $datafiles
                LogFiles     = $logfiles
            }

            return $mdfinfo
        }
    }

    process {

        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        $mdfinfo = Get-MdfFileInfo $server $path

    }

    end {
        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        return $mdfinfo
    }
}
function Get-DbaDiskSpace {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays disk information for all local disk on a server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns a custom object with server name, name of disk, label of disk, total size, free size, percent free, block size and filesystem.
 
            By default, this function only shows drives of types 2 and 3 (removable disk and local disk).
 
            Requires Windows administrator access on SQL Servers
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Unit
            This parameter has been deprecated and will be removed in 1.0.0
            All properties previously generated through this command are present at the same time, but hidden by default.
 
        .PARAMETER CheckForSql
            If this switch is enabled, disks will be checked for SQL Server data and log files. Windows Authentication is always used for this.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
            Only relevant in combination with the -CheckForSql parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            The credentials to use to connect via CIM/WMI/PowerShell remoting
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDrive
            Filter out drives - format is C:\
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release. Use Force Instead
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            Enabling this switch will cause the command to include ALL drives.
            By default, only local disks and removable disks are shown, and hidden volumes are excluded.
 
        .PARAMETER CheckFragmentation
            If this switch is enabled, fragmentation of all filesystems will be checked.
 
            This will increase the runtime of the function by seconds or even minutes per volume.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Get disk space for the server srv0042.
 
            Server Name Label SizeInGB FreeInGB PercentFree BlockSize
            ------ ---- ----- -------- -------- ----------- ---------
            srv0042 C:\ System 126,45 114,12 90,25 4096
            srv0042 E:\ Data1 97,62 96,33 98,67 4096
            srv0042 F:\ DATA2 29,2 29,2 100 16384
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 -Unit MB | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Get disk space for the server srv0042 and displays in megabytes (MB).
 
            Server Name Label SizeInMB FreeInMB PercentFree BlockSize
            ------ ---- ----- -------- -------- ----------- ---------
            srv0042 C:\ System 129481 116856,11 90,25 4096
            srv0042 E:\ Data1 99968 98637,56 98,67 4096
            srv0042 F:\ DATA2 29901 29900,92 100 16384
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042, srv0007 -Unit TB | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Get disk space from two servers and displays in terabytes (TB).
 
            Server Name Label SizeInTB FreeInTB PercentFree BlockSize
            ------ ---- ----- -------- -------- ----------- ---------
            srv0042 C:\ System 0,12 0,11 90,25 4096
            srv0042 E:\ Data1 0,1 0,09 98,67 4096
            srv0042 F:\ DATA2 0,03 0,03 100 16384
            srv0007 C:\ System 0,07 0,01 11,92 4096
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 -Force | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Get all disk and volume space information.
 
            Server Name Label SizeInGB FreeInGB PercentFree BlockSize IsSqlDisk FileSystem DriveType
            ------ ---- ----- -------- -------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------
            srv0042 C:\ System 126,45 114,12 90,25 4096 False NTFS Local Disk
            srv0042 E:\ Data1 97,62 96,33 98,67 4096 False ReFS Local Disk
            srv0042 F:\ DATA2 29,2 29,2 100 16384 False FAT32 Local Disk
            srv0042 \\?\Volume{7a31be94-b842-42f5-af71-e0464a1a9803}\ Recovery 0,44 0,13 30,01 4096 False NTFS Local Disk
            srv0042 D:\ 0 0 0 False Compact Disk
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 -ExcludeDrive 'C:\' | Format-Table -AutoSize
            Get all disk and volume space information.
 
            Server Name Label SizeInGB FreeInGB PercentFree BlockSize IsSqlDisk FileSystem DriveType
            ------ ---- ----- -------- -------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------
            srv0042 E:\ Data1 97,62 96,33 98,67 4096 False ReFS Local Disk
            srv0042 F:\ DATA2 29,2 29,2 100 16384 False FAT32 Local Disk
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (clemaire@gmail.com) & Jakob Bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDiskSpace
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [ValidateSet('Bytes', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB')]
        [String]$Unit = 'GB',
        [Switch]$CheckForSql,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDrive,
        [Alias('Detailed', 'AllDrives')]
        [Switch]$Force,
        [Switch]$CheckFragmentation,
        [Switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter AllDrives
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Unit

        $condition = " WHERE DriveType = 2 OR DriveType = 3"
        if ($Force) { $condition = "" }

        # Keep track of what computer was already processed to avoid duplicates
        $processed = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            if ($computer.ComputerName -notin $processed) {
                $null = $processed.Add($computer.ComputerName)
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $computer." -Target $computer.ComputerName
            }
            else {
                continue
            }

            try { $disks = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Volume$condition" -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\CIMv2 -ErrorAction Stop -WarningAction SilentlyContinue -EnableException }
            catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $computer." -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer.ComputerName -Continue }

            if ($CheckForSql) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $computer -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                    $sqlSuccess = $true
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $computer, will not be reporting SQL Stats!" -ErrorRecord $_ -OverrideExceptionMessage -Target $computer.ComputerName
                    $sqlSuccess = $false
                }
            }

            foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                if ($disk.Name -in $ExcludeDrive) { continue }
                if ($disk.Name.StartsWith('\\') -and (-not $Force)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping disk: $($disk.Name)" -Target $computer.ComputerName
                    continue
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing disk: $($disk.Name)" -Target $computer.ComputerName

                $info = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Computer.DiskSpace
                $info.ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                $info.Name = $disk.Name
                $info.Label = $disk.Label
                $info.Capacity = $disk.Capacity
                $info.Free = $disk.Freespace
                $info.BlockSize = $disk.BlockSize
                $info.FileSystem = $disk.FileSystem
                $info.Type = $disk.DriveType

                if ($CheckForSql -and $sqlSuccess) {
                    $countSqlDisks = -1
                    try { $countSqlDisks = $server.Query("Select count(*) as Count from sys.master_files where physical_name like '$($disk.Name)%'").Count }
                    catch { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to query for master_files on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ }
                    $info.IsSqlDisk = ($countSqlDisks -gt 0)
                }

                $info
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDistributor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the information about a replication distributor for a given SQL Server instance.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This function locates and enumerates distributor information for a given SQL Server instance.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: William Durkin, @sql_williamd
        Tags: Replication
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDistributor
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDistributor -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
        Retrieve distributor information for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Position = 1)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($null -eq [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.RMO")) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Replication management objects not available. Please install SQL Server Management Studio."
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            # connect to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to retrieve distributor information from $instance"

            # Connect to the distributor of the instance
            try {
                $sourceSqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                $distributor = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ReplicationServer $sourceSqlConn
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $distributor -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $distributor -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $distributor -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $distributor -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, IsPublisher, IsDistributor, DistributionServer, DistributionDatabase, DistributorInstalled, DistributorAvailable, HasRemotePublisher
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDump {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Locate a SQL Server that has generated any memory dump files.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The type of dump included in the search include minidump, all-thread dump, or a full dump. The files have an extendion of .mdmp.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Engine, Corruption
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDump
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDump -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Shows the detailed information for memory dump(s) located on sql2016 instance
 
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDump -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin)
 
            Shows the detailed information for memory dump(s) located on sql2016 instance. Logs into the SQL Server using the SQL login 'sqladmin'
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT filename, creation_time, size_in_bytes FROM sys.dm_server_memory_dumps"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 11 -and (-not ($server.versionMajor -eq 10 -and $server.versionMinor -eq 50))) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2008 R2 (v10.50). Skipping server '$instance'" -Continue
            }

            try {
                foreach ($result in $server.Query($sql)) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        FileName     = $result.filename
                        CreationTime = $result.creation_time
                        Size         = [dbasize]$result.size_in_bytes
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Endpoint(s) information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaEndpoint command gets SQL Endpoint(s) information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Endpoint
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaEndpoint
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all Endpoint(s) on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all Endpoint(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($endpoint in $server.Endpoints) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $endpoint -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $endpoint.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $endpoint -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $endpoint.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $endpoint -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $endpoint.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $endpoint -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, EndpointType, Owner, IsAdminEndpoint, IsSystemObject
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets execution and estimated completion time information for queries
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets execution and estimated completion time information for queries
 
Percent complete will show for the following commands
 
ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE
AUTO_SHRINK option with ALTER DATABASE
BACKUP DATABASE
DBCC CHECKDB
DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP
DBCC CHECKTABLE
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
DBCC SHRINKDATABASE
DBCC SHRINKFILE
RECOVERY
RESTORE DATABASE
ROLLBACK
TDE ENCRYPTION
 
For additional information, check out https://blogs.sentryone.com/loriedwards/patience-dm-exec-requests/ and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-exec-requests-transact-sql
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Database
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Gets estimated completion times for queries performed against the entire server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016 | Select *
 
Gets estimated completion times for queries performed against the entire server PLUS the SQL query text of each command
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object { $_.Text -match 'somequerytext' }
 
Gets results for commands whose queries only match specific text (match is like LIKE but way more powerful)
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Northwind,pubs,Adventureworks2014
 
Gets estimated completion times for queries performed against the Northwind, pubs, and Adventureworks2014 databases
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT
                DB_NAME(r.database_id) as [Database],
                USER_NAME(r.user_id) as [Login],
                Command,
                start_time as StartTime,
                percent_complete as PercentComplete,
 
                  RIGHT('00000' + CAST(((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate()))/3600) as varchar),
                                CASE
                                    WHEN LEN(((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate()))/3600)) < 2 THEN 2
                                    ELSE LEN(((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate()))/3600))
                                 END) + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate())%3600)/60 as varchar), 2) + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate())%60) as varchar), 2) as RunningTime,
 
                  RIGHT('00000' + CAST((estimated_completion_time/3600000) as varchar),
                        CASE
                                    WHEN LEN((estimated_completion_time/3600000)) < 2 THEN 2
                                    ELSE LEN((estimated_completion_time/3600000))
                         END) + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((estimated_completion_time %3600000)/60000 as varchar), 2) + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((estimated_completion_time %60000)/1000 as varchar), 2) as EstimatedTimeToGo,
                dateadd(second,estimated_completion_time/1000, getdate()) as EstimatedCompletionTime,
                s.Text
             FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) s"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $includedatabases = $Database -join "','"
                $sql = "$sql WHERE DB_NAME(r.database_id) in ('$includedatabases')"
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $excludedatabases = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                $sql = "$sql WHERE DB_NAME(r.database_id) not in ('$excludedatabases')"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            foreach ($row in ($server.Query($sql))) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName            = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName            = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance             = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database                = $row.Database
                    Login                   = $row.Login
                    Command                 = $row.Command
                    PercentComplete         = $row.PercentComplete
                    StartTime               = $row.StartTime
                    RunningTime             = $row.RunningTime
                    EstimatedTimeToGo       = $row.EstimatedTimeToGo
                    EstimatedCompletionTime = $row.EstimatedCompletionTime
                    Text                    = $row.Text
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Text
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaExecutionPlan {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets execution plans and metadata
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets execution plans and metadata. Can pipe to Export-DbaExecutionPlan :D
 
Thanks to
    https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/dmvs-for-query-plan-metadata/
    and
    http://www.scarydba.com/2017/02/13/export-plans-cache-sqlplan-file/
for the idea and query.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Database
Return restore information for only specific databases. These are only the databases that currently exist on the server.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
Return restore information for all but these specific databases
 
.PARAMETER SinceCreation
Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date
 
.PARAMETER SinceLastExecution
Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan
Exclude results with empty query plan
 
.PARAMETER Force
Returns a ton of raw information about the execution plans
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
 
.NOTES
Tags: Performance
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaExecutionPlan
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
Gets all execution plans on sqlserver2014a
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2 -SinceLastExecution '7/1/2016 10:47:00'
 
Gets all execution plans for databases db1 and db2 on sqlserver2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Exclude db1 | Format-Table
 
Gets execution plan info for all databases except db1 on sqlserver2014a and sql2016 and makes the output pretty
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs -Force
 
Gets super detailed information for execution plans on only for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$SinceCreation,
        [datetime]$SinceLastExecution,
        [switch]$ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if ($SinceCreation -ne $null) {
            $SinceCreation = $SinceCreation.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        }

        if ($SinceLastExecution -ne $null) {
            $SinceLastExecution = $SinceLastExecution.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        }
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                if ($force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT * "
                }
                else {
                    $select = "SELECT DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) as DatabaseName, OBJECT_NAME(deqp.objectid) as ObjectName,
                    detqp.query_plan AS SingleStatementPlan,
                    deqp.query_plan AS BatchQueryPlan,
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY Statement_Start_offset ) AS QueryPosition,
                    sql_handle as SqlHandle,
                    plan_handle as PlanHandle,
                    creation_time as CreationTime,
                    last_execution_time as LastExecutionTime"
                }

                $from = " FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats deqs
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle,
                            deqs.statement_start_offset,
                            deqs.statement_end_offset) AS detqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle) AS deqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(deqs.plan_handle) AS execText"

                if ($ExcludeDatabase -or $Database -or $SinceCreation.length -gt 0 -or $SinceLastExecution.length -gt 0 -or $ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan -eq $true) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }

                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Database) {
                    $dblist = $Database -join "','"
                    $wherearray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) in ('$dblist') "
                }

                if ($null -ne $SinceCreation) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding creation time"
                    $wherearray += " creation_time >= '$SinceCreation' "
                }

                if ($null -ne $SinceLastExecution) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding last exectuion time"
                    $wherearray += " last_execution_time >= '$SinceLastExecution' "
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dblist = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                    $wherearray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) not in ('$dblist') "
                }

                if ($ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan) {
                    $wherearray += " detqp.query_plan is not null"
                }

                if ($where.length -gt 0) {
                    $wherearray = $wherearray -join " and "
                    $where = "$where $wherearray"
                }

                $sql = "$select $from $where"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                if ($Force -eq $true) {
                    $server.Query($sql)
                }
                else {
                    foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                        $simple = ([xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtSimple
                        $sqlhandle = "0x"; $row.sqlhandle | ForEach-Object { $sqlhandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                        $planhandle = "0x"; $row.planhandle | ForEach-Object { $planhandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                        $planWarnings = $simple.QueryPlan.Warnings.PlanAffectingConvert;

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName                      = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName                      = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance                       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            DatabaseName                      = $row.DatabaseName
                            ObjectName                        = $row.ObjectName
                            QueryPosition                     = $row.QueryPosition
                            SqlHandle                         = $SqlHandle
                            PlanHandle                        = $PlanHandle
                            CreationTime                      = $row.CreationTime
                            LastExecutionTime                 = $row.LastExecutionTime
                            StatementCondition                = ([xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtCond
                            StatementSimple                   = $simple
                            StatementId                       = $simple.StatementId
                            StatementCompId                   = $simple.StatementCompId
                            StatementType                     = $simple.StatementType
                            RetrievedFromCache                = $simple.RetrievedFromCache
                            StatementSubTreeCost              = $simple.StatementSubTreeCost
                            StatementEstRows                  = $simple.StatementEstRows
                            SecurityPolicyApplied             = $simple.SecurityPolicyApplied
                            StatementOptmLevel                = $simple.StatementOptmLevel
                            QueryHash                         = $simple.QueryHash
                            QueryPlanHash                     = $simple.QueryPlanHash
                            StatementOptmEarlyAbortReason     = $simple.StatementOptmEarlyAbortReason
                            CardinalityEstimationModelVersion = $simple.CardinalityEstimationModelVersion

                            ParameterizedText                 = $simple.ParameterizedText
                            StatementSetOptions               = $simple.StatementSetOptions
                            QueryPlan                         = $simple.QueryPlan
                            BatchConditionXml                 = ([xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtCond
                            BatchSimpleXml                    = ([xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtSimple
                            BatchQueryPlanRaw                 = [xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan
                            SingleStatementPlanRaw            = [xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan
                            PlanWarnings                      = $planWarnings
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty BatchQueryPlan, SingleStatementPlan, BatchConditionXmlRaw, BatchQueryPlanRaw, SingleStatementPlanRaw, PlanWarnings
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Query Failure Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaFile {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Get-DbaFile finds files in any directory specified on a remote SQL Server
 
.DESCRIPTION
This command searches all specified directories, allowing a DBA to see file information on a server without direct access
 
You can filter by extension using the -FileType parameter. By default, the default data directory will be returned. You can provide and additional paths to search using the -Path parameter.
 
Thanks to serg-52 for the query: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1642213-391-1.aspx
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Path
Used to specify extra directories to search in addition to the default data directory.
 
.PARAMETER FileType
Used to specify filter by filetype. No dot required, just pass the extension.
 
.PARAMETER Depth
Used to specify recursive folder depth. Default is 1, non-recursive.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Discovery
Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaFile
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Path E:\Dir1
Logs into the SQL Server "sqlserver2014a" using Windows credentials and searches E:\Dir for all files
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred -Path 'E:\sql files'
Logs into the SQL Server "sqlserver2014a" using alternative credentials and returns all files in 'E:\sql files'
 
.EXAMPLE
$all = Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance sql2014
Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path $all.Data, $all.Log, $all.Backup -Depth 3
Returns the files in the default data, log and backup directories on sql2014, 3 directories deep (recursively).
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path 'E:\Dir1', 'E:\Dir2'
Returns the files in "E:\Dir1" and "E:Dir2" on sql2014
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance -Path 'E:\Dir1' sql2014, sql2016 -FileType fsf, mld
Finds files in E:\Dir1 ending with ".fsf" and ".mld" for both the servers sql2014 and sql2016.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance -Path 'E:\Dir1' sql2014, sql2016 -FileType fsf, mld
Finds files in E:\Dir1 ending with ".fsf" and ".mld" for both the servers sql2014 and sql2016.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$FileType,
        [int]$Depth = 1,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sql = ""

        function Get-SQLDirTreeQuery {
            param
            (
                $PathList
            )

            $q1 += "DECLARE @myPath nvarchar(4000);
                    DECLARE @depth SMALLINT = $Depth;
 
                    IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#DirectoryTree') IS NOT NULL
                    DROP TABLE #DirectoryTree;
 
                    CREATE TABLE #DirectoryTree (
                       id int IDENTITY(1,1)
                       ,subdirectory nvarchar(512)
                       ,depth int
                       ,isfile bit
                       , ParentDirectory int
                       ,flag tinyint default(0));"

            $q2 = "SET @myPath = 'dirname'
                    -- top level directory
                    INSERT #DirectoryTree (subdirectory,depth,isfile)
                       VALUES (@myPath,0,0);
                    -- all the rest under top level
                    INSERT #DirectoryTree (subdirectory,depth,isfile)
                       EXEC master.sys.xp_dirtree @myPath,@depth,1;
 
 
                    UPDATE #DirectoryTree
                       SET ParentDirectory = (
                          SELECT MAX(Id) FROM #DirectoryTree
                          WHERE Depth = d.Depth - 1 AND Id < d.Id )
                    FROM #DirectoryTree d
                    WHERE ParentDirectory is NULL;"

            $query_files_sql = "-- SEE all with full paths
                    WITH dirs AS (
                        SELECT
                           Id,subdirectory,depth,isfile,ParentDirectory,flag
                           , CAST (null AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS container
                           , CAST([subdirectory] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS dpath
                           FROM #DirectoryTree
                           WHERE ParentDirectory IS NULL
                        UNION ALL
                        SELECT
                           d.Id,d.subdirectory,d.depth,d.isfile,d.ParentDirectory,d.flag
                           , dpath as container
                           , dpath +'\'+d.[subdirectory]
                        FROM #DirectoryTree AS d
                        INNER JOIN dirs ON d.ParentDirectory = dirs.id
                        WHERE dpath NOT LIKE '%RECYCLE.BIN%'
                    )
                    SELECT subdirectory as filename, container as filepath, isfile, dpath as fullpath FROM dirs
                    WHERE container IS NOT NULL
                    -- Dir style ordering
                    ORDER BY container, isfile, subdirectory"

            # build the query string based on how many directories they want to enumerate
            $sql = $q1
            $sql += $($PathList | Where-Object { $_ -ne '' } | ForEach-Object { "$([System.Environment]::Newline)$($q2 -Replace 'dirname', $_)" })
            $sql += $query_files_sql
            #Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            return $sql
        }

        function Format-Path {
            param ($path)
            $path = $path.Trim()
            #Thank you windows 2000
            $path = $path -replace '[^A-Za-z0-9 _\.\-\\:]', '__'
            return $path
        }

        if ($FileType) {
            $FileTypeComparison = $FileType | ForEach-Object { $_.ToLower() } | Where-Object { $_ } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            $paths = @()
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get the default data and log directories from the instance
            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) { $Path = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server).Data }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding paths"
            $sql = Get-SQLDirTreeQuery $Path
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            # This should remain as not .Query() to be compat with a PSProvider Chrissy is working on
            $datatable = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($datatable.Rows.Count) files found."
            if ($FileTypeComparison) {
                foreach ($row in $datatable) {
                    foreach ($type in $FileTypeComparison) {
                        if ($row.filename.ToLower().EndsWith(".$type")) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Filename       = $row.fullpath
                                RemoteFilename = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.netname -Filepath $row.fullpath
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, RemoteFilename
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                foreach ($row in $datatable) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Filename       = $row.fullpath
                        RemoteFilename = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.netname -Filepath $row.fullpath
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, RemoteFilename
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Force Encryption settings for a SQL Server instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Force Encryption settings for a SQL Server instance. Note that this requires access to the Windows Server - not the SQL instance itself.
 
        This setting is found in Configuration Manager.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server - defaults to localhost.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not sql instance) using alternative Windows credentials
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption
 
        Gets Force Encryption properties on the default (MSSQLSERVER) instance on localhost - requires (and checks for) RunAs admin.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2
 
        Gets Force Network Encryption for the SQL2008R2SP2 on sql01. Uses Windows Credentials to both login and view the registry.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [PSCredential]

        $Credential,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname"
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $($instance.ComputerName)"
            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            try {
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            }
            catch {
                # Probably because the instance name has been aliased or does not exist or samthin
            }
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                $forceencryption = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption

                # [pscustomobject] doesn't always work, unsure why. so return hashtable then turn it into pscustomobject on client
                @{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $args[2]
                    SqlInstance           = $args[1]
                    ForceEncryption       = ($forceencryption -eq $true)
                    CertificateThumbprint = $cert
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instance")) {
                try {
                    $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $vsname, $instancename -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    foreach ($result in $results) {
                        [pscustomobject]$result
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaHelpIndex {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns size, row and configuration information for indexes in databases.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function will return detailed information on indexes (and optionally statistics) for all indexes in a database, or a given index should one be passed along.
            As this uses SQL Server DMVs to access the data it will only work in 2005 and up (sorry folks still running SQL Server 2000).
            For performance reasons certain statistics information will not be returned from SQL Server 2005 if an ObjectName is not provided.
 
            The data includes:
                - ObjectName: the table containing the index
                - IndexType: clustered/non-clustered/columnstore and whether the index is unique/primary key
                - KeyColumns: the key columns of the index
                - IncludeColumns: any include columns in the index
                - FilterDefinition: any filter that may have been used in the index
                - DataCompression: row/page/none depending upon whether or not compression has been used
                - IndexReads: the number of reads of the index since last restart or index rebuild
                - IndexUpdates: the number of writes to the index since last restart or index rebuild
                - SizeKB: the size the index in KB
                - IndexRows: the number of the rows in the index (note filtered indexes will have fewer rows than exist in the table)
                - IndexLookups: the number of lookups that have been performed (only applicable for the heap or clustered index)
                - MostRecentlyUsed: when the index was most recently queried (default to 1900 for when never read)
                - StatsSampleRows: the number of rows queried when the statistics were built/rebuilt (not included in SQL Server 2005 unless ObjectName is specified)
                - StatsRowMods: the number of changes to the statistics since the last rebuild
                - HistogramSteps: the number of steps in the statistics histogram (not included in SQL Server 2005 unless ObjectName is specified)
                - StatsLastUpdated: when the statistics were last rebuilt (not included in SQL Server 2005 unless ObjectName is specified)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred variable to this parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used when SqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows use
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER ObjectName
            The name of a table for which you want to obtain the index information. If the two part naming convention for an object is not used it will use the default schema for the executing user. If not passed it will return data on all indexes in a given database.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeStats
            If this switch is enabled, statistics as well as indexes will be returned in the output (statistics information such as the StatsRowMods will always be returned for indexes).
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeDataTypes
            If this switch is enabled, the output will include the data type of each column that makes up a part of the index definition (key and include columns).
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            If this switch is enabled, results may be less user-readable but more suitable for processing by other code.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Indexes
            Author: Nic Cain, https://sirsql.net/
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaHelpIndex
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB
 
            Returns information on all indexes on the MyDB database on the localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB,MyDB2
 
            Returns information on all indexes on the MyDB & MyDB2 databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1
 
            Returns index information on the object dbo.Table1 in the database MyDB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1 -IncludeStats
 
            Returns information on the indexes and statistics for the table dbo.Table1 in the MyDB database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1 -IncludeDataTypes
 
            Returns the index information for the table dbo.Table1 in the MyDB database, and includes the data types for the key and include columns.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1 -Raw
 
            Returns the index information for the table dbo.Table1 in the MyDB database, and returns the numerical data without localized separators.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -IncludeStats -Raw
 
            Returns the index information for all indexes in the MyDB database as well as their statistics, and formats the numerical data without localized separators.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string]$ObjectName,
        [switch]$IncludeStats,
        [switch]$IncludeDataTypes,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        #Add the table predicate to the query
        if (!$ObjectName) {
            $TablePredicate = "DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(256);";
        }
        else {
            $TablePredicate = "DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(256); SET @TableName = '$ObjectName';";
        }


        #Figure out if we are including stats in the results
        if ($IncludeStats) {
            $IncludeStatsPredicate = "";
        }
        else {
            $IncludeStatsPredicate = "WHERE IndexType != 'STATISTICS'";
        }

        #Data types being returns with the results?
        if ($IncludeDataTypes) {
            $IncludeDataTypesPredicate = 'DECLARE @IncludeDataTypes BIT; SET @IncludeDataTypes = 1';
        }
        else {
            $IncludeDataTypesPredicate = 'DECLARE @IncludeDataTypes BIT; SET @IncludeDataTypes = 0';
        }

        #region SizesQuery
        $SizesQuery = "
            SET NOCOUNT ON;
            SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;
 
            $TablePredicate
            $IncludeDataTypesPredicate
            ;
 
        DECLARE @IndexUsageStats TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            index_id INT ,
            user_scans BIGINT ,
            user_seeks BIGINT ,
            user_updates BIGINT ,
            user_lookups BIGINT ,
            last_user_lookup DATETIME2(0) ,
            last_user_scan DATETIME2(0) ,
            last_user_seek DATETIME2(0)
            );
 
        DECLARE @StatsInfo TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            stats_id INT ,
            stats_column_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_column_id INT ,
            stats_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_last_updated DATETIME2(0) ,
            stats_sampled_rows BIGINT ,
            rowmods BIGINT ,
            histogramsteps INT ,
            StatsRows BIGINT ,
            FullObjectName NVARCHAR(256)
            );
 
        INSERT INTO @IndexUsageStats
                ( object_id ,
                index_id ,
                user_scans ,
                user_seeks ,
                user_updates ,
                user_lookups ,
                last_user_lookup ,
                last_user_scan ,
                last_user_seek
                )
                SELECT object_id ,
                        index_id ,
                        user_scans ,
                        user_seeks ,
                        user_updates ,
                        user_lookups ,
                        last_user_lookup ,
                        last_user_scan ,
                        last_user_seek
                FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats
                WHERE database_id = DB_ID();
 
        INSERT INTO @StatsInfo
                ( object_id ,
                stats_id ,
                stats_column_name ,
                stats_column_id ,
                stats_name ,
                stats_last_updated ,
                stats_sampled_rows ,
                rowmods ,
                histogramsteps ,
                StatsRows ,
                FullObjectName
                )
                SELECT s.object_id ,
                        s.stats_id ,
                        c.name ,
                        sc.stats_column_id ,
                        s.name ,
                        sp.last_updated ,
                        sp.rows_sampled ,
                        sp.modification_counter ,
                        sp.steps ,
                        sp.rows ,
                        QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.name) AS FullObjectName
                FROM [sys].[stats] AS [s]
                        INNER JOIN sys.stats_columns sc ON s.stats_id = sc.stats_id
                                                        AND s.object_id = sc.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON c.object_id = t.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = t.schema_id
                        OUTER APPLY sys.dm_db_stats_properties([s].[object_id],
                                                            [s].[stats_id]) AS [sp]
                WHERE s.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL THEN s.object_id
                                        else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                    END;
 
 
        ;
        WITH cteStatsInfo
                AS ( SELECT object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                STUFF((SELECT N', ' + stats_column_name
                                    FROM @StatsInfo si2
                                    WHERE si2.object_id = si.object_id
                                                AND si2.stats_id = si.stats_id
                                    ORDER BY si2.stats_column_id
                                FOR XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS StatsColumns ,
                                MAX(si.stats_sampled_rows) AS SampleRows ,
                                MAX(si.rowmods) AS RowMods ,
                                MAX(si.histogramsteps) AS HistogramSteps ,
                                MAX(si.stats_last_updated) AS StatsLastUpdated ,
                                MAX(si.StatsRows) AS StatsRows,
                                FullObjectName
                    FROM @StatsInfo si
                    GROUP BY si.object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                si.FullObjectName
                    ),
                cteIndexSizes
                AS ( SELECT object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                CASE WHEN index_id < 2
                                    THEN ( ( SUM(in_row_data_page_count
                                                + lob_used_page_count
                                                + row_overflow_used_page_count)
                                            * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                    else ( ( SUM(used_page_count) * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                END AS SizeKB
                    FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteRows
                AS ( SELECT object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                SUM(rows) AS IndexRows
                    FROM sys.partitions
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteIndex
                AS ( SELECT OBJECT_NAME(c.object_id) AS ObjectName ,
                                c.object_id ,
                                c.index_id ,
                                i.name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS AS name ,
                                c.index_column_id ,
                                c.column_id ,
                                c.is_included_column ,
                                CASE WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC'
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0 THEN sc.name
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC (' + t.name + ') '
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' (' + t.name + ')'
                                    else sc.name
                                END AS ColumnName ,
                                i.filter_definition ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_scans, 0) AS user_scans ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_seeks, 0) AS user_seeks ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_updates, 0) AS user_updates ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_lookups, 0) AS user_lookups ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME2(0), ISNULL(dd.last_user_lookup,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastLookup ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME2(0), ISNULL(dd.last_user_scan,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastScan ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME2(0), ISNULL(dd.last_user_seek,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastSeek ,
                                i.fill_factor ,
                                c.is_descending_key ,
                                p.data_compression_desc ,
                                i.type_desc ,
                                i.is_unique ,
                                i.is_unique_constraint ,
                                i.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                cr.IndexRows ,
                                QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName
                    FROM sys.indexes i
                                JOIN sys.index_columns c ON i.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND i.index_id = c.index_id
                                JOIN sys.columns sc ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON c.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                                LEFT JOIN sys.types t ON sc.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
                                LEFT JOIN @IndexUsageStats dd ON i.object_id = dd.object_id
                                                                AND i.index_id = dd.index_id --and dd.database_id = db_id()
                                JOIN sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = p.index_id
                                JOIN cteIndexSizes ci ON i.object_id = ci.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = ci.index_id
                                JOIN cteRows cr ON i.object_id = cr.object_id
                                                AND i.index_id = cr.index_id
                    WHERE i.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL
                                                THEN i.object_id
                                                else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                            END
                    ),
                cteResults
                AS ( SELECT ci.FullObjectName ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                MAX(index_id) AS Index_Id ,
                                ci.type_desc
                                + CASE WHEN ci.is_primary_key = 1
                                    THEN ' (PRIMARY KEY)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique_constraint = 1
                                    THEN ' (UNIQUE CONSTRAINT)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique = 1 THEN ' (UNIQUE)'
                                    else ''
                                END AS IndexType ,
                                name AS IndexName ,
                                STUFF((SELECT N', ' + ColumnName
                                    FROM cteIndex ci2
                                    WHERE ci2.name = ci.name
                                                AND ci2.is_included_column = 0
                                    GROUP BY ci2.index_column_id ,
                                                ci2.ColumnName
                                    ORDER BY ci2.index_column_id
                                FOR XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT N', ' + ColumnName
                                            FROM cteIndex ci3
                                            WHERE ci3.name = ci.name
                                                        AND ci3.is_included_column = 1
                                            GROUP BY ci3.index_column_id ,
                                                        ci3.ColumnName
                                            ORDER BY ci3.index_column_id
                                    FOR XML PATH(N'') ,
                                                TYPE).value(N'.[1]',
                                                            N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1, 2,
                                            N''), '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                ISNULL(filter_definition, '') AS FilterDefinition ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                CASE WHEN ci.data_compression_desc = 'NONE' THEN ''
                                    else ci.data_compression_desc
                                END AS DataCompression ,
                                MAX(ci.user_seeks) + MAX(ci.user_scans)
                                + MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexReads ,
                                MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexLookups ,
                                ci.user_updates AS IndexUpdates ,
                                ci.SizeKB AS SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows AS IndexRows ,
                                CASE WHEN LastScan > LastSeek
                                        AND LastScan > LastLookup THEN LastScan
                                    WHEN LastSeek > LastScan
                                        AND LastSeek > LastLookup THEN LastSeek
                                    WHEN LastLookup > LastScan
                                        AND LastLookup > LastSeek THEN LastLookup
                                    else ''
                                END AS MostRecentlyUsed
                    FROM cteIndex ci
                    GROUP BY ci.ObjectName ,
                                ci.name ,
                                ci.filter_definition ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                ci.LastLookup ,
                                ci.LastSeek ,
                                ci.LastScan ,
                                ci.user_updates ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                ci.data_compression_desc ,
                                ci.type_desc ,
                                ci.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.is_unique ,
                                ci.is_unique_constraint ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows ,
                                ci.FullObjectName
                    ),
                AllResults
                AS ( SELECT c.FullObjectName ,
                                ISNULL(IndexType, 'STATISTICS') AS IndexType ,
                                ISNULL(IndexName, si.stats_name) AS IndexName ,
                                ISNULL(KeyColumns, si.StatsColumns) AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                FilterDefinition ,
                                fill_factor AS [FillFactor] ,
                                DataCompression ,
                                IndexReads ,
                                IndexUpdates ,
                                SizeKB ,
                                IndexRows ,
                                IndexLookups ,
                                MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                SampleRows AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                RowMods AS StatsRowMods ,
                                si.HistogramSteps ,
                                si.StatsLastUpdated ,
                                1 AS Ordering
                    FROM cteResults c
                                INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id
                    UNION
                    SELECT QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName ,
                                'STATISTICS' ,
                                stats_name ,
                                StatsColumns ,
                                '' ,
                                '' AS FilterDefinition ,
                                '' AS Fill_Factor ,
                                '' AS DataCompression ,
                                '' AS IndexReads ,
                                '' AS IndexUpdates ,
                                '' AS SizeKB ,
                                StatsRows AS IndexRows ,
                                '' AS IndexLookups ,
                                '' AS MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                SampleRows AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                RowMods AS StatsRowMods ,
                                csi.HistogramSteps ,
                                csi.StatsLastUpdated ,
                                2
                    FROM cteStatsInfo csi
                    INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON csi.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                    WHERE stats_id NOT IN (
                                SELECT stats_id
                                FROM cteResults c
                                        INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                                    AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id )
                    )
            SELECT FullObjectName ,
                    ISNULL(IndexType, 'STATISTICS') AS IndexType ,
                    IndexName ,
                    KeyColumns ,
                    ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                    FilterDefinition ,
                    [FillFactor] AS [FillFactor] ,
                    DataCompression ,
                    IndexReads ,
                    IndexUpdates ,
                    SizeKB ,
                    IndexRows ,
                    IndexLookups ,
                    MostRecentlyUsed ,
                    StatsSampleRows ,
                    StatsRowMods ,
                    HistogramSteps ,
                    StatsLastUpdated
            FROM AllResults
                    $IncludeStatsPredicate
        OPTION ( RECOMPILE );
        "
        #endRegion SizesQuery


        #region sizesQuery2005
        $SizesQuery2005 = "
        SET NOCOUNT ON;
        SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;
 
        $TablePredicate
        $IncludeDataTypesPredicate
        ;
 
        DECLARE @AllResults TABLE
            (
                RowNum INT ,
                FullObjectName NVARCHAR(300) ,
                IndexType NVARCHAR(256) ,
                IndexName NVARCHAR(256) ,
                KeyColumns NVARCHAR(2000) ,
                IncludeColumns NVARCHAR(2000) ,
                FilterDefinition NVARCHAR(100) ,
                [FillFactor] TINYINT ,
                DataCompression CHAR(4) ,
                IndexReads BIGINT ,
                IndexUpdates BIGINT ,
                SizeKB BIGINT ,
                IndexRows BIGINT ,
                IndexLookups BIGINT ,
                MostRecentlyUsed DATETIME ,
                StatsSampleRows BIGINT ,
                StatsRowMods BIGINT ,
                HistogramSteps INT ,
                StatsLastUpdated DATETIME ,
                object_id BIGINT ,
                index_id BIGINT
            );
 
        DECLARE @IndexUsageStats TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            index_id INT ,
            user_scans BIGINT ,
            user_seeks BIGINT ,
            user_updates BIGINT ,
            user_lookups BIGINT ,
            last_user_lookup DATETIME ,
            last_user_scan DATETIME ,
            last_user_seek DATETIME
            );
 
        DECLARE @StatsInfo TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            stats_id INT ,
            stats_column_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_column_id INT ,
            stats_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_last_updated DATETIME ,
            stats_sampled_rows BIGINT ,
            rowmods BIGINT ,
            histogramsteps INT ,
            StatsRows BIGINT ,
            FullObjectName NVARCHAR(256)
            );
 
        INSERT INTO @IndexUsageStats
                ( object_id ,
                index_id ,
                user_scans ,
                user_seeks ,
                user_updates ,
                user_lookups ,
                last_user_lookup ,
                last_user_scan ,
                last_user_seek
                )
                SELECT object_id ,
                        index_id ,
                        user_scans ,
                        user_seeks ,
                        user_updates ,
                        user_lookups ,
                        last_user_lookup ,
                        last_user_scan ,
                        last_user_seek
                FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats
                WHERE database_id = DB_ID();
 
 
        INSERT INTO @StatsInfo
                ( object_id ,
                stats_id ,
                stats_column_name ,
                stats_column_id ,
                stats_name ,
                stats_last_updated ,
                stats_sampled_rows ,
                rowmods ,
                histogramsteps ,
                StatsRows ,
                FullObjectName
                )
                SELECT s.object_id ,
                        s.stats_id ,
                        c.name ,
                        sc.stats_column_id ,
                        s.name ,
                        NULL AS last_updated ,
                        NULL AS rows_sampled ,
                        NULL AS modification_counter ,
                        NULL AS steps ,
                        NULL AS rows ,
                        QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.name) AS FullObjectName
                FROM [sys].[stats] AS [s]
                        INNER JOIN sys.stats_columns sc ON s.stats_id = sc.stats_id
                                                        AND s.object_id = sc.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON c.object_id = t.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = t.schema_id
                    -- OUTER APPLY sys.dm_db_stats_properties([s].[object_id],
                    -- [s].[stats_id]) AS [sp]
                WHERE s.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL THEN s.object_id
                                        else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                    END;
 
 
        ;
        WITH cteStatsInfo
                AS ( SELECT object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                STUFF((SELECT N', ' + stats_column_name
                                    FROM @StatsInfo si2
                                    WHERE si2.object_id = si.object_id
                                                AND si2.stats_id = si.stats_id
                                    ORDER BY si2.stats_column_id
                                FOR XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS StatsColumns ,
                                MAX(si.stats_sampled_rows) AS SampleRows ,
                                MAX(si.rowmods) AS RowMods ,
                                MAX(si.histogramsteps) AS HistogramSteps ,
                                MAX(si.stats_last_updated) AS StatsLastUpdated ,
                                MAX(si.StatsRows) AS StatsRows,
                                FullObjectName
                    FROM @StatsInfo si
                    GROUP BY si.object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                si.FullObjectName
                    ),
                cteIndexSizes
                AS ( SELECT object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                CASE WHEN index_id < 2
                                    THEN ( ( SUM(in_row_data_page_count
                                                + lob_used_page_count
                                                + row_overflow_used_page_count)
                                            * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                    else ( ( SUM(used_page_count) * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                END AS SizeKB
                    FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteRows
                AS ( SELECT object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                SUM(rows) AS IndexRows
                    FROM sys.partitions
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteIndex
                AS ( SELECT OBJECT_NAME(c.object_id) AS ObjectName ,
                                c.object_id ,
                                c.index_id ,
                                i.name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS AS name ,
                                c.index_column_id ,
                                c.column_id ,
                                c.is_included_column ,
                                CASE WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC'
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0 THEN sc.name
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC (' + t.name + ') '
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' (' + t.name + ')'
                                    else sc.name
                                END AS ColumnName ,
                                '' AS filter_definition ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_scans, 0) AS user_scans ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_seeks, 0) AS user_seeks ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_updates, 0) AS user_updates ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_lookups, 0) AS user_lookups ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME, ISNULL(dd.last_user_lookup,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastLookup ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME, ISNULL(dd.last_user_scan,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastScan ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME, ISNULL(dd.last_user_seek,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastSeek ,
                                i.fill_factor ,
                                c.is_descending_key ,
                                'NONE' as data_compression_desc ,
                                i.type_desc ,
                                i.is_unique ,
                                i.is_unique_constraint ,
                                i.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                cr.IndexRows ,
                                QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName
                    FROM sys.indexes i
                                JOIN sys.index_columns c ON i.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND i.index_id = c.index_id
                                JOIN sys.columns sc ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON c.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                                LEFT JOIN sys.types t ON sc.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
                                LEFT JOIN @IndexUsageStats dd ON i.object_id = dd.object_id
                                                                AND i.index_id = dd.index_id --and dd.database_id = db_id()
                                JOIN sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = p.index_id
                                JOIN cteIndexSizes ci ON i.object_id = ci.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = ci.index_id
                                JOIN cteRows cr ON i.object_id = cr.object_id
                                                AND i.index_id = cr.index_id
                    WHERE i.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL
                                                THEN i.object_id
                                                else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                            END
                    ),
                cteResults
                AS ( SELECT ci.FullObjectName ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                MAX(index_id) AS Index_Id ,
                                ci.type_desc
                                + CASE WHEN ci.is_primary_key = 1
                                    THEN ' (PRIMARY KEY)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique_constraint = 1
                                    THEN ' (UNIQUE CONSTRAINT)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique = 1 THEN ' (UNIQUE)'
                                    else ''
                                END AS IndexType ,
                                name AS IndexName ,
                                STUFF((SELECT N', ' + ColumnName
                                    FROM cteIndex ci2
                                    WHERE ci2.name = ci.name
                                                AND ci2.is_included_column = 0
                                    GROUP BY ci2.index_column_id ,
                                                ci2.ColumnName
                                    ORDER BY ci2.index_column_id
                                FOR XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT N', ' + ColumnName
                                            FROM cteIndex ci3
                                            WHERE ci3.name = ci.name
                                                        AND ci3.is_included_column = 1
                                            GROUP BY ci3.index_column_id ,
                                                        ci3.ColumnName
                                            ORDER BY ci3.index_column_id
                                    FOR XML PATH(N'') ,
                                                TYPE).value(N'.[1]',
                                                            N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1, 2,
                                            N''), '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                ISNULL(filter_definition, '') AS FilterDefinition ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                CASE WHEN ci.data_compression_desc = 'NONE' THEN ''
                                    else ci.data_compression_desc
                                END AS DataCompression ,
                                MAX(ci.user_seeks) + MAX(ci.user_scans)
                                + MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexReads ,
                                MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexLookups ,
                                ci.user_updates AS IndexUpdates ,
                                ci.SizeKB AS SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows AS IndexRows ,
                                CASE WHEN LastScan > LastSeek
                                        AND LastScan > LastLookup THEN LastScan
                                    WHEN LastSeek > LastScan
                                        AND LastSeek > LastLookup THEN LastSeek
                                    WHEN LastLookup > LastScan
                                        AND LastLookup > LastSeek THEN LastLookup
                                    else ''
                                END AS MostRecentlyUsed
                    FROM cteIndex ci
                    GROUP BY ci.ObjectName ,
                                ci.name ,
                                ci.filter_definition ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                ci.LastLookup ,
                                ci.LastSeek ,
                                ci.LastScan ,
                                ci.user_updates ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                ci.data_compression_desc ,
                                ci.type_desc ,
                                ci.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.is_unique ,
                                ci.is_unique_constraint ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows ,
                                ci.FullObjectName
                    ), AllResults AS
                        ( SELECT c.FullObjectName ,
                                ISNULL(IndexType, 'STATISTICS') AS IndexType ,
                                ISNULL(IndexName, '') AS IndexName ,
                                ISNULL(KeyColumns, '') AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                FilterDefinition ,
                                fill_factor AS [FillFactor] ,
                                DataCompression ,
                                IndexReads ,
                                IndexUpdates ,
                                SizeKB ,
                                IndexRows ,
                                IndexLookups ,
                                MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                NULL AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                NULL AS StatsRowMods ,
                                NULL AS HistogramSteps ,
                                NULL AS StatsLastUpdated ,
                                1 AS Ordering ,
                                c.object_id ,
                                c.Index_Id
                    FROM cteResults c
                                INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id
                        UNION
                    SELECT QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName ,
                                'STATISTICS' ,
                                stats_name ,
                                StatsColumns ,
                                '' ,
                                '' AS FilterDefinition ,
                                '' AS Fill_Factor ,
                                '' AS DataCompression ,
                                '' AS IndexReads ,
                                '' AS IndexUpdates ,
                                '' AS SizeKB ,
                                StatsRows AS IndexRows ,
                                '' AS IndexLookups ,
                                '' AS MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                SampleRows AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                RowMods AS StatsRowMods ,
                                csi.HistogramSteps ,
                                csi.StatsLastUpdated ,
                                2 ,
                                csi.object_id ,
                                csi.stats_id
                    FROM cteStatsInfo csi
                    INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON csi.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                                LEFT JOIN (SELECT si.object_id, si.stats_id
                                            FROM cteResults c
                                            INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                                    AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id ) AS x on csi.object_id = x.object_id and csi.stats_id = x.stats_id
                        WHERE x.object_id is null
                    )
            INSERT INTO @AllResults
            SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY FullObjectName) AS RowNum ,
                    FullObjectName ,
                    ISNULL(IndexType, 'STATISTICS') AS IndexType ,
                    IndexName ,
                    KeyColumns ,
                    ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                    FilterDefinition ,
                    [FillFactor] AS [FillFactor] ,
                    DataCompression ,
                    IndexReads ,
                    IndexUpdates ,
                    SizeKB ,
                    IndexRows ,
                    IndexLookups ,
                    MostRecentlyUsed ,
                    StatsSampleRows ,
                    StatsRowMods ,
                    HistogramSteps ,
                    StatsLastUpdated ,
                    object_id ,
                    index_id
            FROM AllResults
                    $IncludeStatsPredicate
        OPTION ( RECOMPILE );
 
        /* Only update the stats data on 2005 for a single table, otherwise the run time for this is a potential problem for large table/index volumes */
        if @TableName IS NOT NULL
        BEGIN
 
            DECLARE @StatsInfo2005 TABLE (Name nvarchar(128), Updated DATETIME, Rows BIGINT, RowsSampled BIGINT, Steps INT, Density INT, AverageKeyLength INT, StringIndex NVARCHAR(20))
 
            DECLARE @SqlCall NVARCHAR(2000), @RowNum INT;
            SELECT @RowNum = min(RowNum) FROM @AllResults;
            WHILE @RowNum IS NOT NULL
            BEGIN
                SELECT @SqlCall = 'dbcc show_statistics('+FullObjectName+', '+IndexName+') with stat_header' FROM @AllResults WHERE RowNum = @RowNum;
                INSERT INTO @StatsInfo2005 exec (@SqlCall);
                UPDATE @AllResults
                    SET StatsSampleRows = RowsSampled,
                    HistogramSteps = Steps,
                    StatsLastUpdated = Updated
                    FROM @StatsInfo2005
                    WHERE RowNum = @RowNum;
                DELETE FROM @StatsInfo2005
                SELECT @RowNum = min(RowNum) FROM @AllResults WHERE RowNum > @RowNum;
            END;
 
        END;
 
        UPDATE a
        SET a.StatsRowMods = i.rowmodctr
        FROM @AllResults a
            JOIN sys.sysindexes i ON a.object_id = i.id AND a.index_id = i.indid;
 
        SELECT FullObjectName ,
                IndexType ,
                IndexName ,
                KeyColumns ,
                IncludeColumns ,
                FilterDefinition ,
                [FillFactor] ,
                DataCompression ,
                IndexReads ,
                IndexUpdates ,
                SizeKB ,
                IndexRows ,
                IndexLookups ,
                MostRecentlyUsed ,
                StatsSampleRows ,
                StatsRowMods ,
                HistogramSteps ,
                StatsLastUpdated
        FROM @AllResults;"

        #endregion sizesQuery2005
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    process {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $SizesQuery
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $SizesQuery2005
        #Need to check the version of SQL
        if ($server.versionMajor -ge 10) {
            $indexesQuery = $SizesQuery
        }

        elseif ($server.Information.Version.Major -eq 9) {
            $indexesQuery = $SizesQuery2005
        }

        else {
            Write-Warning "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2005 (v9)."
            continue
        }

        if ($pipedatabase.Length -gt 0) {
            $databases = $pipedatabase.name
        }

        $databases = $server.Databases

        if ($Database) {
            $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $databases) {
            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible. Skipping."
                continue
            }
            try {
                $IndexDetails = ($server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteWithResults($indexesQuery)).Tables[0];

                if (!$Raw) {
                    foreach ($detail in $IndexDetails) {
                        $recentlyused = [datetime]$detail.MostRecentlyUsed

                        if ($recentlyused.year -eq 1900) {
                            $recentlyused = $null
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            DatabaseName     = $db.Name
                            ObjectName       = $detail.FullObjectName
                            IndexName        = $detail.IndexName
                            IndexType        = $detail.IndexType
                            KeyColumns       = $detail.KeyColumns
                            IncludeColumns   = $detail.IncludeColumns
                            FilterDefinition = $detail.FilterDefinition
                            DataCompression  = $detail.DataCompression
                            IndexReads       = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexReads
                            IndexUpdates     = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexUpdates
                            SizeKB           = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.SizeKB
                            IndexRows        = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexRows
                            IndexLookups     = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexLookups
                            MostRecentlyUsed = $recentlyused
                            StatsSampleRows  = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.StatsSampleRows
                            StatsRowMods     = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.StatsRowMods
                            HistogramSteps   = $detail.HistogramSteps
                            StatsLastUpdated = $detail.StatsLastUpdated
                        }
                    }
                }

                else {
                    foreach ($detail in $IndexDetails) {
                        $recentlyused = [datetime]$detail.MostRecentlyUsed

                        if ($recentlyused.year -eq 1900) {
                            $recentlyused = $null
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            DatabaseName     = $db.Name
                            ObjectName       = $detail.FullObjectName
                            IndexName        = $detail.IndexName
                            IndexType        = $detail.IndexType
                            KeyColumns       = $detail.KeyColumns
                            IncludeColumns   = $detail.IncludeColumns
                            FilterDefinition = $detail.FilterDefinition
                            DataCompression  = $detail.DataCompression
                            IndexReads       = $detail.IndexReads
                            IndexUpdates     = $detail.IndexUpdates
                            SizeKB           = $detail.SizeKB
                            IndexRows        = $detail.IndexRows
                            IndexLookups     = $detail.IndexLookups
                            MostRecentlyUsed = $recentlyused
                            StatsSampleRows  = $detail.StatsSampleRows
                            StatsRowMods     = $detail.StatsRowMods
                            HistogramSteps   = $detail.HistogramSteps
                            StatsLastUpdated = $detail.StatsLastUpdated
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Cannot process $db on $server."
            }
        }
    }
}

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaJobCategory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Agent Job Category information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaJobCategory returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job Category information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Job, Category
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaJobCategory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaJobCategory -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job Categories on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaJobCategory -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Job Categories for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($jobCategory in $server.JobServer.JobCategories) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobCategory -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $jobCategory.Parent.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobCategory -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $jobCategory.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobCategory -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $jobCategory.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $jobCategory -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, CategoryType
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaLastBackup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get date/time for last known backups of databases.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves and compares the date/time for the last known backups, as well as the creation date/time for the database.
 
            Default output includes columns Server, Database, RecoveryModel, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup, SinceFull, SinceDiff, SinceLog, Status, DatabaseCreated, DaysSinceDbCreated.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            If this switch is enabled exceptions will be thrown to the caller, which will need to perform its own exception processing. Otherwise, the function will try to catch the exception, interpret it and provide a friendly error message.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLastBackup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987
 
            Returns a custom object displaying Server, Database, RecoveryModel, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup, SinceFull, SinceDiff, SinceLog, Status, DatabaseCreated, DaysSinceDbCreated
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987
 
            Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, and the date the last time backups were performed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Select *
 
            Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, and the date the last time backups were performed, and also recoverymodel and calculations on how long ago backups were taken and what the status is.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Select * | Out-Gridview
 
            Returns a gridview displaying Server, Database, RecoveryModel, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup, SinceFull, SinceDiff, SinceLog, Status, DatabaseCreated, DaysSinceDbCreated.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Get-DbaDateOrNull ($TimeSpan) {
            if ($TimeSpan -eq 0) {
                return $null
            }
            return $TimeSpan
        }
        $StartOfTime = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start ([datetime]0))
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $instance"
                Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.name -ne 'tempdb' }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            # Get-DbaBackupHistory -Last would make the job in one query but SMO's (and this) report the last backup of this type irregardless of the chain
            $FullHistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $instance  -Database $dbs.Name -LastFull -IncludeCopyOnly -Raw
            $DiffHistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $instance  -Database $dbs.Name -LastDiff -IncludeCopyOnly -Raw
            $IncrHistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $instance  -Database $dbs.Name -LastLog -IncludeCopyOnly -Raw
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db on server $instance is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    Continue
                }
                $LastFullBackup = ($FullHistory | Where-Object Database -eq $db.Name | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).End
                if ($null -ne $LastFullBackup) {
                    $SinceFull_ = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start $LastFullBackup)
                }
                else {
                    $SinceFull_ = $StartOfTime
                }

                $LastDiffBackup = ($DiffHistory | Where-Object Database -eq $db.Name | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).End
                if ($null -ne $LastDiffBackup) {
                    $SinceDiff_ = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start $LastDiffBackup)
                }
                else {
                    $SinceDiff_ = $StartOfTime
                }

                $LastIncrBackup = ($IncrHistory | Where-Object Database -eq $db.Name | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).End
                if ($null -ne $LastIncrBackup) {
                    $SinceLog_ = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start $LastIncrBackup)
                }
                else {
                    $SinceLog_ = $StartOfTime
                }

                $daysSinceDbCreated = (New-TimeSpan -Start $db.createDate).Days

                if ($daysSinceDbCreated -lt 1 -and $SinceFull_ -eq 0) {
                    $Status = 'New database, not backed up yet'
                }
                elseif ($SinceFull_.Days -gt 0 -and $SinceDiff_.Days -gt 0) {
                    $Status = 'No Full or Diff Back Up in the last day'
                }
                elseif ($db.RecoveryModel -eq "Full" -and $SinceLog_.Hours -gt 0) {
                    $Status = 'No Log Back Up in the last hour'
                }
                else {
                    $Status = 'OK'
                }

                $result = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database           = $db.Name
                    RecoveryModel      = $db.RecoveryModel
                    LastFullBackup     = [DbaDateTime]$LastFullBackup
                    LastDiffBackup     = [DbaDateTime]$LastDiffBackup
                    LastLogBackup      = [DbaDateTime]$LastIncrBackup
                    SinceFull          = Get-DbaDateOrNull -TimeSpan $SinceFull_
                    SinceDiff          = Get-DbaDateOrNull -TimeSpan $SinceDiff_
                    SinceLog           = Get-DbaDateOrNull -TimeSpan $SinceLog_
                    DatabaseCreated    = $db.createDate
                    DaysSinceDbCreated = $daysSinceDbCreated
                    Status             = $status
                }
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get date/time for last known good DBCC CHECKDB
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves and compares the date/time for the last known good DBCC CHECKDB, as well as the creation date/time for the database.
 
            This function supports SQL Server 2005 and higher.
 
            Please note that this script uses the DBCC DBINFO() WITH TABLERESULTS. DBCC DBINFO has several known weak points, such as:
            - DBCC DBINFO is an undocumented feature/command.
            - The LastKnowGood timestamp is updated when a DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP is performed.
            - The LastKnowGood timestamp is updated when a DBCC CHECKDB WITH PHYSICAL_ONLY is performed.
            - The LastKnowGood timestamp does not get updated when a database in READ_ONLY.
 
            An empty ($null) LastGoodCheckDb result indicates that a good DBCC CHECKDB has never been performed.
 
            SQL Server 2008R2 has a "bug" that causes each databases to possess two dbi_dbccLastKnownGood fields, instead of the normal one.
 
            This script will only display this function to only display the newest timestamp. If -Verbose is specified, the function will announce every time more than one dbi_dbccLastKnownGood fields is encountered.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: CHECKDB, Database
            Author: Jakob Bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            DBCC CHECKDB:
                https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms176064.aspx
                http://www.sqlcopilot.com/dbcc-checkdb.html
            Data Purity:
                http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/checkdb-from-every-angle-how-to-tell-if-data-purity-checks-will-be-run/
                https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1988/ensure-sql-server-data-purity-checks-are-performed/
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987
 
            Returns a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, LastGoodCheckDb, DaysSinceDbCreated, DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb, Status and DataPurityEnabled
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin) | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Returns a formatted table displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, LastGoodCheckDb, DaysSinceDbCreated, DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb, Status and DataPurityEnabled. Authenticates using SQL Server authentication.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb is only supported on SQL Server 2005 and above. Skipping Instance." -Continue -Target $instance
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instances."

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue -Target $db
                }

                $sql = "DBCC DBINFO ([$($db.name)]) WITH TABLERESULTS"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "T-SQL: $sql"

                $resultTable = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0]
                [datetime[]]$lastKnownGoodArray = $resultTable | Where-Object Field -eq 'dbi_dbccLastKnownGood' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value

                ## look for databases with two or more occurrences of the field dbi_dbccLastKnownGood
                if ($lastKnownGoodArray.count -ge 2) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The database $db has $($lastKnownGoodArray.count) dbi_dbccLastKnownGood fields. This script will only use the newest!"
                }
                [datetime]$lastKnownGood = $lastKnownGoodArray | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                [int]$createVersion = ($resultTable | Where-Object Field -eq 'dbi_createVersion').Value
                [int]$dbccFlags = ($resultTable | Where-Object Field -eq 'dbi_dbccFlags').Value

                if (($createVersion -lt 611) -and ($dbccFlags -eq 0)) {
                    $dataPurityEnabled = $false
                }
                else {
                    $dataPurityEnabled = $true
                }

                $daysSinceCheckDb = (New-TimeSpan -Start $lastKnownGood -End (Get-Date)).Days
                $daysSinceDbCreated = (New-TimeSpan -Start $db.createDate -End (Get-Date)).Days

                if ($daysSinceCheckDb -lt 7) {
                    $Status = 'Ok'
                }
                elseif ($daysSinceDbCreated -lt 7) {
                    $Status = 'New database, not checked yet'
                }
                else {
                    $Status = 'CheckDB should be performed'
                }

                if ($lastKnownGood -eq '1/1/1900 12:00:00 AM') {
                    Remove-Variable -Name lastKnownGood, daysSinceCheckDb
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database                 = $db.name
                    DatabaseCreated          = $db.createDate
                    LastGoodCheckDb          = $lastKnownGood
                    DaysSinceDbCreated       = $daysSinceDbCreated
                    DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb = $daysSinceCheckDb
                    Status                   = $status
                    DataPurityEnabled        = $dataPurityEnabled
                    CreateVersion            = $createVersion
                    DbccFlags                = $dbccFlags
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLinkedServer {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets all linked servers and summary of information from the sql servers listed
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves information about each linked server on the instance
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER LinkedServer
            The linked server(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all linked servers will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLinkedServer
            The linked server(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Stephen Bennett ( https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/ )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLinkedServer
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLinkedServer -SqlInstance DEV01
 
            Returns all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instance DEV01
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$LinkedServer,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLinkedServer,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
        }

        $lservers = $server.LinkedServers

        if ($LinkedServer) {
            $lservers = $lservers | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $LinkedServer }
        }
        if ($ExcludeLinkedServer) {
            $lservers = $lservers | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $ExcludeLinkedServer }
        }

        foreach ($ls in $lservers) {
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Impersonate -value $ls.LinkedServerLogins.Impersonate
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteUser -value $ls.LinkedServerLogins.RemoteUser

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ls -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, 'DataSource as RemoteServer', ProductName, Impersonate, RemoteUser, 'DistPublisher as Publisher', Distributor, DateLastModified
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLocaleSetting {
    <#
      .SYNOPSIS
      Gets the Locale settings on a computer.
 
      .DESCRIPTION
      Gets the Locale settings on one or more computers.
 
      Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
      .PARAMETER ComputerName
      The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
      .PARAMETER Credential
      Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
      .PARAMETER EnableException
      By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
      This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
      Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
      .NOTES
      Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
      Tags: OS
      dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
      Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
      License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
      .LINK
      https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLocaleSetting
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Get-DbaLocaleSetting -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
      Gets the Locale settings on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaLocaleSetting
 
      Gets the Locale settings on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Get-DbaLocaleSetting -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview
 
      Gets the Locale settings on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.
 
  #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [string[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName | ForEach-Object {$_.split("\")[0]} | Select-Object -Unique
        $sessionoption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom
        $keyname = "Control Panel\International"
        $NS = 'root\cimv2'
        $Reg = 'StdRegProv'
        [UInt32]$CIMHiveCU = 2147483649
    }
    PROCESS {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $props = @{ "ComputerName" = $computer }
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ( $Server.FullComputerName ) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan"
                $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                if ( -not $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CIMSession on $computer over DCom"
                    $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
                if ( $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting properties from Registry Key"
                    $PropNames = Invoke-CimMethod -CimSession $CIMsession -Namespace $NS -ClassName $Reg -MethodName enumvalues -Arguments @{hDefKey = $CIMHiveCU; sSubKeyName = $keyname} |
                        Select-Object -ExpandProperty snames

                    foreach ($Name in $PropNames) {
                        $sValue = Invoke-CimMethod -CimSession $CIMsession -Namespace $NS -ClassName $Reg -MethodName GetSTRINGvalue -Arguments @{hDefKey = $CIMHiveCU; sSubKeyName = $keyname; sValueName = $Name} |
                            Select-Object -ExpandProperty svalue
                        $props.add($Name, $sValue)
                    }
                    [PSCustomObject]$props
                } #if CIMSession
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't create CIMSession on $computer"
                }
            } #if computername
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $computer"
            }
        } #foreach computer
    } #PROCESS
} #function
function Get-DbaLogin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Function to get an SMO login object of the logins for a given SQL Instance. Takes a server object from the pipe
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaLogin function returns an SMO Login object for the logins passed, if there are no users passed it will return all logins.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance, or instances.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            The login(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
            The login(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeFilter
            A list of logins to include - accepts wildcard patterns
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeFilter
            A list of logins to exclude - accepts wildcard patterns
 
        .PARAMETER NoSystem
            A Switch to remove System Logins from the output.
 
        .PARAMETER SQLLogins
            A Switch to return Logins of type SQLLogin only.
 
        .PARAMETER WindowsLogins
            A Switch to return Logins of type Windows only.
 
        .PARAMETER Locked
            A Switch to return locked Logins.
 
        .PARAMETER Disabled
            A Switch to return disabled Logins.
 
        .PARAMETER HasAccess
            A Switch to return Logins that have access to the instance of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Mitchell Hamann (@SirCaptainMitch)
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas)
            Author: Robert Corrigan (@rjcorrig)
            Author: Rob Sewell (@SQLDBaWithBeard)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLogin
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Gets all the logins from server sql2016 using NT authentication and returns the SMO login objects
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $sqlcred
 
            Gets all the logins for a given SQL Server using a passed credential object and returns the SMO login objects
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $sqlcred -Login dbatoolsuser,TheCaptain
 
            Get specific logins from server sql2016 returned as SMO login objects.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -IncludeFilter '##*','NT *'
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 beginning with '##' or 'NT ', returned as SMO login objects.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeLogin dbatoolsuser
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 except the login dbatoolsuser, returned as SMO login objects.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -WindowsLogins
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are Windows Logins
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -WindowsLogins -IncludeFilter *Rob*
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are Windows Logins and have Rob in the name
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -SQLLogins
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are SQLLogins
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -SQLLogins -IncludeFilter *Rob*
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are SQLLogins and have Rob in the name
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -NoSystem
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are not system objects
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeFilter '##*','NT *'
 
            Get all user objects from server sql2016 except any beginning with '##' or 'NT ', returned as SMO login objects.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sql2016', 'sql2014' | Get-DbaLogin -SqlCredential $sqlcred
 
            Using Get-DbaLogin on the pipeline, you can also specify which names you would like with -Login.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sql2016', 'sql2014' | Get-DbaLogin -SqlCredential $sqlcred -Locked
 
            Using Get-DbaLogin on the pipeline to get all locked logins on servers sql2016 and sql2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sql2016', 'sql2014' | Get-DbaLogin -SqlCredential $sqlcred -HasAccess -Disabled
 
            Using Get-DbaLogin on the pipeline to get all Disabled logins that have access on servers sql2016 or sql2014.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$IncludeFilter,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [object[]]$ExcludeFilter,
        [switch]$NoSystem,
        [switch]$SQLLogins,
        [switch]$WindowsLogins,
        [switch]$HasAccess,
        [switch]$Locked,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $serverLogins = $server.Logins

            if ($Login) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object Name -in $Login
            }

            if ($NoSystem) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            if ($SQLLogins) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'SqlLogin'
            }

            if ($WindowsLogins) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsUser'
            }

            if ($IncludeFilter) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object {
                    foreach ($filter in $IncludeFilter) {
                        if ($_.Name -like $filter) {
                            return $true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($ExcludeLogin) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLogin
            }

            if ($ExcludeFilter) {
                foreach ($filter in $ExcludeFilter) {
                    $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object Name -NotLike $filter
                }
            }

            if ($HasAccess) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object HasAccess
            }

            if ($Locked) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object IsLocked
            }

            if ($Disabled) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object IsDisabled
            }

            foreach ($serverLogin in $serverlogins) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $serverLogin on $instance"

                if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 9) {
                    # There's no reliable method to get last login time with SQL Server 2000, so only show on 2005+
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting last login time"
                    $sql = "SELECT MAX(login_time) AS [login_time] FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE login_name = '$($serverLogin.name)'"
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastLogin -Value $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                }
                else {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastLogin -Value $null
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $serverLogin -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, LoginType, CreateDate, LastLogin, HasAccess, IsLocked, IsDisabled
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLogShippingError {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Get-DbaLogShippingError returns all the log shipping errors that occured
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    When your log shipping fails it's sometimes hard to see why is fails.
    Using this function you'll be able to find out what went wrong in a short amount of time.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
    $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
    To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
    This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name. See examples for more info.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're not interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
    This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name.
 
    .PARAMETER Action
    Filter to get the log shipping action that has occured like Backup, Copy, Restore.
    By default all the actions are returned.
 
    .PARAMETER DateTimeFrom
    Filter the results based on the date starting from datetime X
 
    .PARAMETER DateTimeTo
    Filter the results based on the date ending with datetime X
 
    .PARAMETER Primary
    Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the primary instance.
 
    .PARAMETER Secondary
    Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the secondary instance.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Original Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
    Tags: LogShipping
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLogShippingError
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogShippingError -SqlInstance sql1
 
    Get all the log shipping errors that occured
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogShippingError -SqlInstance sql1 -Action Backup
 
    Get the errors that have something to do with the backup of the databases
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogShippingError -SqlInstance sql1 -Secondary
 
    Get the errors that occured on the secondary instance.
    This will return the copy of the restore actions because those only occur on the secondary instance
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogShippingError -SqlInstance sql1 -DateTimeFrom "01/05/2018"
 
    Get the errors that have occured from "01/05/2018". This can also be of format "yyyy-MM-dd"
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogShippingError -SqlInstance sql1 -Secondary -DateTimeFrom "01/05/2018" -DateTimeTo "2018-01-07"
 
    Get the errors that have occured between "01/05/2018" and "01/07/2018".
    See that is doesn't matter how the date is represented.
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet("Backup", "Copy", "Restore")]
        [string[]]$Action,
        [datetime]$DateTimeFrom,
        [datetime]$DateTimeTo,
        [switch]$Primary,
        [switch]$Secondary,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # Create array list to hold the results
        $collection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.EngineEdition -match "Express") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance is Express Edition which does not support Log Shipping"
                continue
            }

            $query = "
CREATE TABLE #DatabaseID
(
    DatabaseName VARCHAR(128),
    DatabaseID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    Instance VARCHAR(20)
);
 
INSERT INTO #DatabaseID
(
    DatabaseName,
    DatabaseID,
    Instance
)
SELECT secondary_database,
        secondary_id,
        'Secondary'
FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary_databases;
 
 
INSERT INTO #DatabaseID
(
    DatabaseName,
    DatabaseID,
    Instance
)
SELECT primary_database,
        primary_id,
        'Primary'
FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_primary_databases;
 
 
SELECT di.DatabaseName,
        di.Instance,
        CASE lsmed.[agent_type]
            WHEN 0 THEN
                'Backup'
            WHEN 1 THEN
                'Copy'
            WHEN 2 THEN
                'Restore'
            ELSE
                ''
        END AS [Action],
        lsmed.[session_id] AS SessionID,
        lsmed.[sequence_number] AS SequenceNumber,
        lsmed.[log_time] AS LogTime,
        lsmed.[message] AS [Message]
FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_monitor_error_detail AS lsmed
    INNER JOIN #DatabaseID AS di
        ON di.DatabaseID = lsmed.agent_id
ORDER BY lsmed.[log_time],
            lsmed.[database_name],
            lsmed.[agent_type],
            lsmed.[session_id],
            lsmed.[sequence_number];
 
DROP TABLE #DatabaseID;"

            # Get the log shipping errors
            $results = $server.Query($query)

            if ($results.Count -ge 1) {

                # Filter the results
                if ($Database) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseName -in $Database }
                }

                if ($Action) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.Action -in $Action }
                }

                if ($DateTimeFrom) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object {$_.Logtime -ge $DateTimeFrom}
                }

                if ($DateTimeTo) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object {$_.Logtime -le $DateTimeTo}
                }

                if ($Primary) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object {$_.Instance -eq 'Primary'}
                }

                if ($Secondary) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object {$_.Instance -eq 'Secondary'}
                }

                # Loop through each of the results
                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    # Set up the custom object
                    $null = $collection.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database       = $result.DatabaseName
                            Instance       = $result.Instance
                            Action         = $result.Action
                            SessionID      = $result.SessionID
                            SequenceNumber = $result.SequenceNumber
                            LogTime        = $result.LogTime
                            Message        = $result.Message
                        })

                } # for each result
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Message "No log shipping errors found" -Level Verbose
            }

        } # foreach instance

        return $collection

    } # end process

}

function Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Reads the log files generated by the IndexOptimize Agent Job from Ola Hallengren's MaintenanceSolution.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Ola wrote a .sql script to get the content from the commandLog table. However, if LogToTable='N', there will be no logging in that table. This function reads the text files that are written in the SQL Instance's Log directory.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER LogType
Accepts 'IndexOptimize', 'DatabaseBackup', 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck'. ATM only IndexOptimize parsing is available
 
.PARAMETER Since
Consider only files generated since this date
 
.PARAMETER Path
Where to search for log files. By default it's the SQL instance errorlogpath path
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @powerdbaklaas )
Author: Simone Bizzotto ( @niphlod )
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sql instance sqlserver2014a.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential
 
Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, using SQL Authentication.
 
.EXAMPLE
'sqlserver2014a', 'sqlserver2020test' | Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog
 
Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a and sqlserver2020test.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Path 'D:\logs\maintenancesolution\'
 
Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, reading the log files in their custom location.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Since '2017-07-18'
 
Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, starting from july 18, 2017.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -LogType IndexOptimize
 
Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, the other options are not yet available! sorry
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]
        $SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('IndexOptimize', 'DatabaseBackup', 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck')]
        [string[]]$LogType = 'IndexOptimize',
        [datetime]$Since,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function process-block ($block) {
            $fresh = @{
                'ObjectType'     = $null
                'IndexType'      = $null
                'ImageText'      = $null
                'NewLOB'         = $null
                'FileStream'     = $null
                'ColumnStore'    = $null
                'AllowPageLocks' = $null
                'PageCount'      = $null
                'Fragmentation'  = $null
                'Error'          = $null
            }
            foreach ($l in $block) {
                $splitted = $l -split ': ', 2
                if (($splitted.Length -ne 2) -or ($splitted[0].length -gt 20)) {
                    if ($null -eq $fresh['Error']) {
                        $fresh['Error'] = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                    }
                    $null = $fresh['Error'].Add($l)
                    continue
                }
                $k = $splitted[0]
                $v = $splitted[1]
                if ($k -eq 'Date and Time') {
                    # this is the end date, we already parsed the start date of the block
                    if ($fresh.ContainsKey($k)) {
                        continue
                    }
                }
                $fresh[$k] = $v
            }
            if ($fresh.ContainsKey('Command')) {
                if ($fresh['Command'] -match '(SET LOCK_TIMEOUT (?<timeout>\d+); )?ALTER INDEX \[(?<index>[^\]]+)\] ON \[(?<database>[^\]]+)\]\.\[(?<schema>[^]]+)\]\.\[(?<table>[^\]]+)\] (?<action>[^\ ]+)( PARTITION = (?<partition>\d+))? WITH \((?<options>[^\)]+)') {
                    $fresh['Index'] = $Matches.index
                    $fresh['Statistics'] = $null
                    $fresh['Schema'] = $Matches.Schema
                    $fresh['Table'] = $Matches.Table
                    $fresh['Action'] = $Matches.action
                    $fresh['Options'] = $Matches.options
                    $fresh['Timeout'] = $Matches.timeout
                    $fresh['Partition'] = $Matches.partition
                }
                elseif ($fresh['Command'] -match '(SET LOCK_TIMEOUT (?<timeout>\d+); )?UPDATE STATISTICS \[(?<database>[^\]]+)\]\.\[(?<schema>[^]]+)\]\.\[(?<table>[^\]]+)\] \[(?<stat>[^\]]+)\]') {
                    $fresh['Index'] = $null
                    $fresh['Statistics'] = $Matches.stat
                    $fresh['Schema'] = $Matches.Schema
                    $fresh['Table'] = $Matches.Table
                    $fresh['Action'] = $null
                    $fresh['Options'] = $null
                    $fresh['Timeout'] = $Matches.timeout
                    $fresh['Partition'] = $null
                }
            }
            if ($fresh.ContainsKey('Comment')) {
                $commentparts = $fresh['Comment'] -split ', '
                foreach ($part in $commentparts) {
                    $indkey, $indvalue = $part -split ': ', 2
                    if ($fresh.ContainsKey($indkey)) {
                        $fresh[$indkey] = $indvalue
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($null -ne $fresh['Error']) {
                $fresh['Error'] = $fresh['Error'] -join "`n"
            }

            return $fresh
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            $logdir = $logfiles = $null
            $computername = $instance.ComputerName
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $instance" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($logtype -ne 'IndexOptimize') {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parsing $logtype is not supported at the moment"
                Continue
            }
            if ($Path) {
                $logdir = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.netname -Filepath $Path
            }
            else {
                $logdir = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.netname -Filepath $server.errorlogpath # -replace '^(.):', "\\$computername\`$1$"
            }
            if (!$logdir) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No log directory returned from $instance"
                Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Log directory on $computername is $logdir"
            if (! (Test-Path $logdir)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Directory $logdir is not accessible"
                continue
            }
            $logfiles = [System.IO.Directory]::EnumerateFiles("$logdir", "IndexOptimize_*.txt")
            if ($Since) {
                $filteredlogs = @()
                foreach ($l in $logfiles) {
                    $base = $($l.Substring($l.Length - 15, 15))
                    try {
                        $datefile = [DateTime]::ParseExact($base, 'yyyyMMdd_HHmmss', $null)
                    }
                    catch {
                        $datefile = Get-ItemProperty -Path $l | select -ExpandProperty CreationTime
                    }
                    if ($datefile -gt $since) {
                        $filteredlogs += $l
                    }
                }
                $logfiles = $filteredlogs
            }
            if (! $logfiles.count -ge 1) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No log files returned from $computername"
                Continue
            }
            $instanceinfo = @{ }
            $instanceinfo['ComputerName'] = $server.NetName
            $instanceinfo['InstanceName'] = $server.ServiceName
            $instanceinfo['SqlInstance'] = $server.Name

            foreach ($File in $logfiles) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reading $file"
                $text = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader -ArgumentList "$File"
                $block = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                $remember = @{}
                while ($line = $text.ReadLine()) {

                    $real = $line.Trim()
                    if ($real.Length -eq 0) {
                        $processed = process-block $block
                        if ('Procedure' -in $processed.Keys) {
                            $block = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                            continue
                        }
                        if ('Database' -in $processed.Keys) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Index and Stats Optimizations on Database $($processed.Database) on $computername"
                            $processed.Remove('Is accessible')
                            $processed.Remove('User access')
                            $processed.Remove('Date and time')
                            $processed.Remove('Standby')
                            $processed.Remove('Recovery Model')
                            $processed.Remove('Updateability')
                            $processed['Database'] = $processed['Database'].Trim('[]')
                            $remember = $processed.Clone()
                        }
                        else {
                            foreach ($k in $processed.Keys) {
                                $remember[$k] = $processed[$k]
                            }
                            $remember.Remove('Command')
                            $remember['StartTime'] = [dbadatetime]([DateTime]::ParseExact($remember['Date and time'] , "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", $null))
                            $remember.Remove('Date and time')
                            $remember['Duration'] = ($remember['Duration'] -as [timespan])
                            [pscustomobject]$remember
                        }
                        $block = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                    }
                    else {
                        $null = $block.Add($real)
                    }
                }
                $text.close()
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaMaxMemory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets the 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting and the memory of the server. Works on SQL Server 2000-2014.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command retrieves the SQL Server 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting as well as the total physical installed on the server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred variable to this parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used when SqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: MaxMemory, Memory
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMaxMemory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlcluster,sqlserver2012
 
            Get memory settings for all servers within the SQL Server Central Management Server "sqlcluster".
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Where-Object { $_.SqlMaxMB -gt $_.TotalMB }
 
            Find all servers in Server Central Management Server that have 'Max Server Memory' set to higher than the total memory of the server (think 2147483647)
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $totalMemory = $server.PhysicalMemory

            # Some servers under-report by 1MB.
            if (($totalMemory % 1024) -ne 0) {
                $totalMemory = $totalMemory + 1
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                TotalMB      = [int]$totalMemory
                SqlMaxMB     = [int]$server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Server
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaMemoryUsage {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get amount of memory in use by *all* SQL Server components and instances
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves the amount of memory per performance counter. Default output includes columns Server, counter instance, counter, number of pages, memory in KB, memory in MB
            SSAS and SSIS are included.
 
            SSRS does not have memory counters, only memory shrinks and memory pressure state.
 
            This function requires local admin role on the targeted computers.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The Windows Server that you are connecting to. Note that this will return all instances, but Out-GridView makes it easy to filter to specific instances.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER Simple
            Shows concise information including Server name, Database name, and the date the last time backups were performed
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Memory
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
            SSIS Counters: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms137622.aspx
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMemoryUsage
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMemoryUsage -ComputerName ServerA
 
            Returns a custom object displaying Server, counter instance, counter, number of pages, memory in KB, memory in MB
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMemoryUsage -ComputerName ServerA\sql987 -Simple
 
            Returns a custom object with Server, counter instance, counter, number of pages, memory in KB, memory in MB
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMemoryUsage -ComputerName ServerA\sql987 | Out-Gridview
 
            Returns a gridview displaying Server, counter instance, counter, number of pages, memory in KB, memory in MB
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("Host", "cn", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Simple) {
            $Memcounters = '(Total Server Memory |Target Server Memory |Connection Memory |Lock Memory |SQL Cache Memory |Optimizer Memory |Granted Workspace Memory |Cursor memory usage|Maximum Workspace)'
            $Plancounters = 'total\)\\cache pages'
            $BufManpagecounters = 'Total pages'
            $SSAScounters = '(\\memory usage)'
            $SSIScounters = '(memory)'
        }
        else {
            $Memcounters = '(Total Server Memory |Target Server Memory |Connection Memory |Lock Memory |SQL Cache Memory |Optimizer Memory |Granted Workspace Memory |Cursor memory usage|Maximum Workspace)'
            $Plancounters = '(cache pages|procedure plan|ad hoc sql plan|prepared SQL Plan)'
            $BufManpagecounters = '(Free pages|Reserved pages|Stolen pages|Total pages|Database pages|target pages|extension .* pages)'
            $SSAScounters = '(\\memory )'
            $SSIScounters = '(memory)'
        }

        $scriptblock = {
            param ($Memcounters,
                $Plancounters,
                $BufManpagecounters,
                $SSAScounters,
                $SSIScounters)
            Write-Verbose "Searching for Memory Manager Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet '*sql*:Memory Manager*' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $Memcounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $null
                        MemKB           = $_.cookedvalue
                        MemMB           = $_.cookedvalue / 1024
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Verbose "No Memory Manager Counters on $Computer"
            }

            Write-Verbose "Searching for Plan Cache Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet '*sql*:Plan Cache*' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $Plancounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $_.cookedvalue
                        MemKB           = $_.cookedvalue * 8192 / 1024
                        MemMB           = $_.cookedvalue * 8192 / 1048576
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Verbose "No Plan Cache Counters on $Computer"
            }

            Write-Verbose "Searching for Buffer Manager Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet "*Buffer Manager*" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $BufManpagecounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $_.cookedvalue
                        MemKB           = $_.cookedvalue * 8192 / 1024.0
                        MemMB           = $_.cookedvalue * 8192 / 1048576.0
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Verbose "No Buffer Manager Counters on $Computer"
            }

            Write-Verbose "Searching for SSAS Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet "MSAS*:Memory" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $SSAScounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $null
                        MemKB           = $_.cookedvalue
                        MemMB           = $_.cookedvalue / 1024
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Verbose "No SSAS Counters on $Computer"
            }

            Write-Verbose "Searching for SSIS Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet "*SSIS*" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $SSIScounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $null
                        MemKB           = $_.cookedvalue / 1024
                        MemMB           = $_.cookedvalue / 1024 / 1024
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Verbose "No SSIS Counters on $Computer"
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            $reply = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($reply.FullComputerName) {
                $Computer = $reply.FullComputerName
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Computer"
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -argumentlist $Memcounters, $Plancounters, $BufManpagecounters, $SSAScounters, $SSIScounters
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't resolve $Computer."
                Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaMsdtc {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays information about the Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) on a server
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns a custom object with Computer name, state of the MSDTC Service, security settings of MSDTC and CID's
 
            Requires: Windows administrator access on Servers
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Msdtc, dtc
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( powerdbaklaas )
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMsdtc
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMsdtc -ComputerName srv0042
 
            Get DTC status for the server srv0042
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $Computers = (Get-Content D:\configfiles\SQL\MySQLInstances.txt | % {$_.split('\')[0]})
            $Computers | Get-DbaMsdtc
 
            Get DTC status for all the computers in a .txt file
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMsdtc -Computername $Computers | where { $_.dtcservicestate -ne 'running' }
 
            Get DTC status for all the computers where the MSDTC Service is not running
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaMsdtc -ComputerName srv0042 | Out-Gridview
 
            Get DTC status for the computer srv0042 and show in a grid view
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('cn', 'host', 'Server')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
    )

    begin {
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName | ForEach-Object {$_.split("\")[0]} | Select-Object -Unique
        $query = "Select * FROM Win32_Service WHERE Name = 'MSDTC'"
        $dtcSecurity = {
            Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\MSDTC\Security |
                Select-Object PSPath, PSComputerName, AccountName, networkDTCAccess,
            networkDTCAccessAdmin, networkDTCAccessClients, networkDTCAccessInbound,
            networkDTCAccessOutBound, networkDTCAccessTip, networkDTCAccessTransactions, XATransactions
        }
        $dtcCids = {
            New-PSDrive -Name HKCR -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT | Out-Null
            Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCR:\CID\*\Description |
                Select-Object @{ l = 'Data'; e = { $_.'(default)' } }, @{ l = 'CID'; e = { $_.PSParentPath.split('\')[-1] } }
            Remove-PSDrive -Name HKCR | Out-Null
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $reg = $cids = $null
            $cidHash = @{}
            if ( Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $computer ) {
                $dtcservice = $null
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting DTC on $computer via WSMan"
                $dtcservice = Get-Ciminstance -ComputerName $computer -Query $query
                if ( $null -eq $dtcservice ) {
                    Write-Warning "Can't connect to CIM on $computer via WSMan"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting MSDTC Security Registry Values on $computer"
                $reg = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $dtcSecurity
                if ( $null -eq $reg ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to MSDTC Security registry on $computer"
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting MSDTC CID Registry Values on $computer"
                $cids = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $dtcCids
                if ( $null -ne $cids ) {
                    foreach ($key in $cids) {
                        $cidHash.Add($key.Data, $key.CID)
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to MSDTC CID registry on $computer"
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "PSRemoting is not enabled on $computer"
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed To get DTC via WinRM. Getting DTC on $computer via DCom"
                    $SessionParams = @{ }
                    $SessionParams.ComputerName = $Computer
                    $SessionParams.SessionOption = (New-CimSessionOption -Protocol Dcom)
                    $Session = New-CimSession @SessionParams
                    $dtcservice = Get-Ciminstance -CimSession $Session -Query $query
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to CIM on $computer via DCom" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
            if ( $dtcservice ) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName                 = $dtcservice.PSComputerName
                    DTCServiceName               = $dtcservice.DisplayName
                    DTCServiceState              = $dtcservice.State
                    DTCServiceStatus             = $dtcservice.Status
                    DTCServiceStartMode          = $dtcservice.StartMode
                    DTCServiceAccount            = $dtcservice.StartName
                    DTCCID_MSDTC                 = $cidHash['MSDTC']
                    DTCCID_MSDTCUIS              = $cidHash['MSDTCUIS']
                    DTCCID_MSDTCTIPGW            = $cidHash['MSDTCTIPGW']
                    DTCCID_MSDTCXATM             = $cidHash['MSDTCXATM']
                    networkDTCAccess             = $reg.networkDTCAccess
                    networkDTCAccessAdmin        = $reg.networkDTCAccessAdmin
                    networkDTCAccessClients      = $reg.networkDTCAccessClients
                    networkDTCAccessInbound      = $reg.networkDTCAccessInbound
                    networkDTCAccessOutBound     = $reg.networkDTCAccessOutBound
                    networkDTCAccessTip          = $reg.networkDTCAccessTip
                    networkDTCAccessTransactions = $reg.networkDTCAccessTransactions
                    XATransactions               = $reg.XATransactions
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaNetworkActivity {
    <#
      .SYNOPSIS
      Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on a computer.
 
      .DESCRIPTION
      Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on a computer.
      See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394293(v=vs.85).aspx
 
      Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
      .PARAMETER ComputerName
      The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
      .PARAMETER Credential
      Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
      .PARAMETER EnableException
      By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
      This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
      Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
      .NOTES
      Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
      Tags: Network
      dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
      Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
      License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
      .LINK
      https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaNetworkActivity
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Get-DbaNetworkActivity -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
      Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaNetworkActivity
 
      Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Get-DbaNetworkActivity -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview
 
      Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.
 
  #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [string[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName | ForEach-Object {$_.split("\")[0]} | Select-Object -Unique
        $sessionoption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom
    }
    PROCESS {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ( $Server.FullComputerName ) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan"
                $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                if ( -not $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CIMSession on $computer over DCom"
                    $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
                if ( $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting properties for Network Interfaces on $computer"
                    $NICs = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CIMSession -ClassName Win32_PerfFormattedData_Tcpip_NetworkInterface
                    $NICs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name ComputerName -Value { $computer }
                    $NICs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name Bandwith -Value { switch ( $this.CurrentBandWidth ) { 10000000000 { '10Gb' } 1000000000 { '1Gb' } 100000000 { '100Mb' } 10000000 { '10Mb' } 1000000 { '1Mb' } 100000 { '100Kb' } default { 'Low' } } }
                    foreach ( $NIC in $NICs ) { Select-DefaultView -InputObject $NIC -Property 'ComputerName', 'Name as NIC', 'BytesReceivedPersec', 'BytesSentPersec', 'BytesTotalPersec', 'Bandwidth'}
                } #if CIMSession
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't create CIMSession on $computer"
                }
            } #if computername
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "can't connect to $computer"
            }
        } #foreach computer
    } #PROCESS
} #function
function Get-DbaNetworkCertificate {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Simplifies finding computer certificates that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
.DESCRIPTION
Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
.PARAMETER ComputerName
The target SQL Server - defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must specify the distinct nodes.
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaNetworkCertificate
Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaNetworkCertificate -ComputerName sql2016
 
Gets computer certificates on sql2016 that are being used for SQL Server network encryption
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $($computer.ComputerName)"
            try {
                $sqlwmis = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -match "SQL Server \("
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message $_ -Target $sqlwmi -Continue
            }

            foreach ($sqlwmi in $sqlwmis) {

                $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
                $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
                $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                    $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                    if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                        $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                        $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                        return
                    }
                }

                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $computer }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Regroot: $regroot"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "InstanceName: $instancename"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VSNAME: $vsname"

                $scriptblock = {
                    $regroot = $args[0]
                    $serviceaccount = $args[1]
                    $instancename = $args[2]
                    $vsname = $args[3]

                    $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$regroot\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"

                    $thumbprint = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Certificate

                    try {
                        $cert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine -Recurse -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq $Thumbprint
                    }
                    catch {
                        # Don't care - sometimes there's errors that are thrown for apparent good reason
                    }

                    if (!$cert) { continue }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        InstanceName   = $instancename
                        SqlInstance    = $vsname
                        ServiceAccount = $serviceaccount
                        FriendlyName   = $cert.FriendlyName
                        DnsNameList    = $cert.DnsNameList
                        Thumbprint     = $cert.Thumbprint
                        Generated      = $cert.NotBefore
                        Expires        = $cert.NotAfter
                        IssuedTo       = $cert.Subject
                        IssuedBy       = $cert.Issuer
                        Certificate    = $cert
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer to get a list of certs"
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $serviceaccount, $instancename, $vsname -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Certificate
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaOpenTransaction {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays all open transactions.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command is based on open transaction script published by Paul Randal.
            Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/script-open-transactions-with-text-and-plans/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Connect using alternative credentials
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaOpenTransaction
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOpenTransaction -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns open transactions for sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOpenTransaction -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin)
 
            Logs into sqlserver2014a using the login "sqladmin"
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "
            SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
            [s_tst].[session_id] as Spid,
            [s_es].[login_name] as Login,
            DB_NAME (s_tdt.database_id) AS [Database],
            [s_tdt].[database_transaction_begin_time] AS [BeginTime],
            [s_tdt].[database_transaction_log_bytes_used] AS [LogBytesUsed],
            [s_tdt].[database_transaction_log_bytes_reserved] AS [LogBytesReserved],
            [s_est].text AS [LastQuery],
            [s_eqp].[query_plan] AS [LastPlan]
            FROM
                sys.dm_tran_database_transactions [s_tdt]
            JOIN
                sys.dm_tran_session_transactions [s_tst]
            ON
                [s_tst].[transaction_id] = [s_tdt].[transaction_id]
            JOIN
                sys.[dm_exec_sessions] [s_es]
            ON
                [s_es].[session_id] = [s_tst].[session_id]
            JOIN
                sys.dm_exec_connections [s_ec]
            ON
                [s_ec].[session_id] = [s_tst].[session_id]
            LEFT OUTER JOIN
                sys.dm_exec_requests [s_er]
            ON
                [s_er].[session_id] = [s_tst].[session_id]
            CROSS APPLY
                sys.dm_exec_sql_text ([s_ec].[most_recent_sql_handle]) AS [s_est]
            OUTER APPLY
                sys.dm_exec_query_plan ([s_er].[plan_handle]) AS [s_eqp]
            ORDER BY
                [BeginTime] ASC"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $server.Query($sql)
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaOperatingSystem {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets operating system information from the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets operating system information from the server and returns as an object.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Target computer(s). If no computer name is specified, the local computer is targeted
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Alternate credential object to use for accessing the target computer(s).
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ServerInfo, OperatingSystem
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton | http://blog.wsmelton.info)
 
            Website: https: //dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https: //opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaOperatingSystem
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOperatingSystem
 
            Returns information about the local computer's operating system
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOperatingSystem -ComputerName sql2016
 
            Returns information about the sql2016's operating system
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $computer"
            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential

            $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName

            if (!$computerResolved) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Unable to resolve hostname of $computer. Skipping."
                continue
            }

            try {
                $psVersion = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { $PSVersionTable.PSVersion }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure collecting PowerShell version on $computer" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            try {
                if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                    $os = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                }
                else {
                    $os = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem -ComputerName $computerResolved -EnableException
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure collecting OS information on $computer" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            try {
                if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                    $tz = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_TimeZone -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                }
                else {
                    $tz = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_TimeZone -ComputerName $computerResolved -EnableException
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure collecting TimeZone information on $computer" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            try {
                if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                    $powerPlan = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power" -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -EnableException | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceId, IsActive
                }
                else {
                    $powerPlan = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power" -ComputerName $computerResolved -EnableException | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceId, IsActive
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure collecting PowerPlan information on $computer" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            $activePowerPlan = ($powerPlan | Where-Object IsActive).ElementName -join ','
            $language = Get-Language $os.OSLanguage

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName             = $computerResolved
                Manufacturer             = $os.Manufacturer
                Organization             = $os.Organization
                Architecture             = $os.OSArchitecture
                Version                  = $os.Version
                Build                    = $os.BuildNumber
                InstallDate              = [DbaDateTime]$os.InstallDate
                LastBootTime             = [DbaDateTime]$os.LastBootUpTime
                LocalDateTime            = [DbaDateTime]$os.LocalDateTime
                PowerShellVersion        = "$($psVersion.Major).$($psVersion.Minor)"
                TimeZone                 = $tz.Caption
                TimeZoneStandard         = $tz.StandardName
                TimeZoneDaylight         = $tz.DaylightName
                BootDevice               = $os.BootDevice
                TotalVisibleMemory       = [DbaSize]($os.TotalVisibleMemorySize * 1024)
                FreePhysicalMemory       = [DbaSize]($os.FreePhysicalMemory * 1024)
                TotalVirtualMemory       = [DbaSize]($os.TotalVirtualMemorySize * 1024)
                FreeVirtualMemory        = [DbaSize]($os.FreeVirtualMemory * 1024)
                ActivePowerPlan          = $activePowerPlan
                Language                 = $language.Name
                LanguageId               = $language.LCID
                LanguageKeyboardLayoutId = $language.KeyboardLayoutId
                LanguageTwoLetter        = $language.TwoLetterISOLanguageName
                LanguageThreeLetter      = $language.ThreeLetterISOLanguageName
                LanguageAlias            = $language.DisplayName
                LanguageNative           = $language.NativeName

                CodeSet                  = $os.CodeSet
                CountryCode              = $os.CountryCode
                Locale                   = $os.Locale
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty CodeSet, CountryCode, Locale, LanguageAlias
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaOrphanUser {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get orphaned users.
        .DESCRIPTION
            An orphan user is defined by a user that does not have their matching login. (Login property = "").
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to connect to.
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
        .NOTES
            Tags: Orphan, Databases
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
            Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaOrphanUser
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016
            Finds all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'localhost\sql2016'.
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred
            Finds all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'localhost\sql2016'. SQL Server authentication will be used in connecting to the server.
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016 -Database db1
            Finds orphan users without matching Logins in the db1 database present on server 'localhost\sql2016'.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $SqlInstance."
                continue
            }
            if ($Database.Count -eq 0) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
            }
            else {
                if ($pipedatabase.Length -gt 0) {
                    $Source = $pipedatabase[0].parent.name
                    $DatabaseCollection = $pipedatabase.name
                }
                else {
                    $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and ($Database -contains $_.Name) }
                }
            }
            if ($DatabaseCollection.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                    try {
                        #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
                        if ($server.versionMajor -gt 10) {
                            if ($db.ContainmentType -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ContainmentType]::None) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is a contained database. Contained databases can't have orphaned users. Skipping validation."
                                Continue
                            }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Validating users on database '$db'."
                        if ($Users.Count -eq 0) {
                            #the third validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                            $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin) -eq $false }
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($pipedatabase.Length -gt 0) {
                                $Source = $pipedatabase[3].parent.name
                                $UsersToWork = $pipedatabase.name
                            }
                            else {
                                #the fourth validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                                $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($Users -contains $_.Name) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin) -eq $false) }
                            }
                        }
                        if ($UsersToWork.Count -gt 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan users found"
                                [PSCustomObject]@{
                                    SqlInstance  = $server.name
                                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                                    User         = $UsersToWork.Name
                                }
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphan users found on database '$db'."
                        }
                        #reset collection
                        $UsersToWork = $null
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totaltime."
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Get-DbaPageFileSetting {
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns information on the pagefile configuration of the target computer.
     
    .DESCRIPTION
        This command uses CIM (or other, related computer management tools) to detect the pagefile configuration of the target compuer(s).
        Note that this may require local administrator privileges for the relevant computers.
     
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The Server that you're connecting to.
        This can be the name of a computer, a SMO object, an IP address, an AD COmputer object, a connection string or a SQL Instance.
     
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Computer as a different user
     
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
    .NOTES
        Tags: CIM
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
         
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaPageFileSetting -ComputerName ServerA,ServerB
         
        Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, AutoPageFile, FileName, Status, LastModified, LastAccessed, AllocatedBaseSize, InitialSize, MaximumSize, PeakUsage, CurrentUsage for ServerA and ServerB
     
    .EXAMPLE
        'ServerA' | Get-DbaPageFileSetting
         
        Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, AutoPageFile, FileName, Status, LastModified, LastAccessed, AllocatedBaseSize, InitialSize, MaximumSize, PeakUsage, CurrentUsage for ServerA
     
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPageFileSetting
#>
    
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "ServerInstance", "Server", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $($computer.ComputerName)" -Target $computer
            $splatDbaCmObject = @{
                ComputerName   = $computer
                EnableException = $true
            }
            if ($Credential) { $splatDbaCmObject["Credential"] = $Credential }
            
            try {
                $compSys = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_computersystem"
                if (-not $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile) {
                    $pagefiles = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_pagefile"
                    $pagefileUsages = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_pagefileUsage"
                    $pagefileSettings = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_pagefileSetting"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to retrieve information from $($computer.ComputerName)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
            
            if (-not $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile) {
                foreach ($file in $pagefiles) {
                    $settings = $pagefileSettings | Where-Object Name -EQ $file.Name
                    $usage = $pagefileUsages | Where-Object Name -EQ $file.Name
                    
                    # pagefile is not automatic managed, so return settings
                    New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Computer.PageFileSetting -Property @{
                        ComputerName          = $computer.ComputerName
                        AutoPageFile          = $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile
                        FileName              = $file.name
                        Status                = $file.status
                        SystemManaged         = ($settings.InitialSize -eq 0) -and ($settings.MaximumSize -eq 0)
                        LastModified          = $file.LastModified
                        LastAccessed          = $file.LastAccessed
                        AllocatedBaseSize     = $usage.AllocatedBaseSize # in MB, between Initial and Maximum Size
                        InitialSize           = $settings.InitialSize # in MB
                        MaximumSize           = $settings.MaximumSize # in MB
                        PeakUsage             = $usage.peakusage # in MB
                        CurrentUsage          = $usage.currentusage # in MB
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                # pagefile is automatic managed, so there are no settings
                New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Computer.PageFileSetting -Property @{
                    ComputerName          = $computer
                    AutoPageFile          = $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile
                    FileName              = $null
                    Status                = $null
                    SystemManaged         = $null
                    LastModified          = $null
                    LastAccessed          = $null
                    AllocatedBaseSize     = $null
                    InitialSize           = $null
                    MaximumSize           = $null
                    PeakUsage             = $null
                    CurrentUsage          = $null
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPermission {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get a list of Server and Database level permissions
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves a list of permissions
 
            Permissions link principals to securables.
            Principals exist on Windows, Instance and Database level.
            Securables exist on Instance and Database level.
            A permission state can be GRANT, DENY or REVOKE.
            The permission type can be SELECT, CONNECT, EXECUTE and more.
 
            See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191291.aspx for more information
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeServerLevel
            If this switch is enabled, information about Server Level Permissions will be output.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSystemObjects
            If this switch is enabled, permissions on system securables will be excluded.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            If this switch is enabled exceptions will be thrown to the caller, which will need to perform its own exception processing. Otherwise, the function will try to catch the exception, interpret it and provide a friendly error message.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Permissions, Databases
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPermission
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987
 
            Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, permission state, permission type, grantee and securable.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Returns a formatted table displaying Server, Database, permission state, permission type, grantee, granteetype, securable and securabletype.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -NoSystemObjects -IncludeServerLevel
 
            Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, permission state, permission type, grantee and securable
            in all databases and on the server level, but not on system securables.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master
 
            Returns a custom object with permissions for the master database.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeServerLevel,
        [switch]$NoSystemObjects,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($NoSystemObjects) {
            $ExcludeSystemObjectssql = "WHERE major_id > 0 "
        }

        $ServPermsql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                       ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                       SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                        , [Database] = ''
                        , [PermState] = state_desc
                        , [PermissionName] = permission_name
                        , [SecurableType] = COALESCE(o.type_desc,sp.class_desc)
                        , [Securable] = CASE WHEN class = 100 THEN @@SERVERNAME
                                                WHEN class = 105 THEN OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
                                                ELSE OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
                                                END
                        , [Grantee] = SUSER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)
                        , [GranteeType] = pr.type_desc
                        , [revokeStatement] = 'REVOKE ' + permission_name + ' ' + COALESCE(OBJECT_NAME(major_id),'') + ' FROM [' + SUSER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                        , [grantStatement] = 'GRANT ' + permission_name + ' ' + COALESCE(OBJECT_NAME(major_id),'') + ' TO [' + SUSER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                    FROM sys.server_permissions sp
                        JOIN sys.server_principals pr ON pr.principal_id = sp.grantee_principal_id
                        LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.all_objects o ON o.object_id = sp.major_id
 
                    $ExcludeSystemObjectssql
 
                    UNION ALL
                    SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName
                            , ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName
                            , SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                            , [database] = ''
                            , [PermState] = 'GRANT'
                            , [PermissionName] = pb.[permission_name]
                            , [SecurableType] = pb.class_desc
                            , [Securable] = @@SERVERNAME
                            , [Grantee] = spr.name
                            , [GranteeType] = spr.type_desc
                            , [revokestatement] = ''
                            , [grantstatement] = ''
                    FROM sys.server_principals AS spr
                    INNER JOIN sys.fn_builtin_permissions('SERVER') AS pb ON
                        spr.[name]='bulkadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='dbcreator' AND pb.[permission_name]='CREATE ANY DATABASE'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='diskadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ALTER RESOURCES'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='processadmin' AND pb.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY CONNECTION', 'ALTER SERVER STATE')
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='sysadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='CONTROL SERVER'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='securityadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ALTER ANY LOGIN'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='serveradmin' AND pb.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY ENDPOINT', 'ALTER RESOURCES','ALTER SERVER STATE', 'ALTER SETTINGS','SHUTDOWN', 'VIEW SERVER STATE')
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='setupadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ALTER ANY LINKED SERVER'
                    WHERE spr.[type]='R'
                    ;"

        $DBPermsql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                    , [Database] = DB_NAME()
                    , [PermState] = state_desc
                    , [PermissionName] = permission_name
                    , [SecurableType] = COALESCE(o.type_desc,dp.class_desc)
                    , [Securable] = CASE WHEN class = 0 THEN DB_NAME()
                                            WHEN class = 1 THEN ISNULL(s.name + '.','')+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
                                            WHEN class = 3 THEN SCHEMA_NAME(major_id)
                                            WHEN class = 6 THEN SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id)+'.' + t.name
                                            END
                    , [Grantee] = USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)
                    , [GranteeType] = pr.type_desc
                    , [revokeStatement] = 'REVOKE ' + permission_name + ' ON ' + isnull(schema_name(o.object_id)+'.','')+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)+ ' FROM [' + USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                    , [grantStatement] = 'GRANT ' + permission_name + ' ON ' + isnull(schema_name(o.object_id)+'.','')+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)+ ' TO [' + USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                FROM sys.database_permissions dp
                    JOIN sys.database_principals pr ON pr.principal_id = dp.grantee_principal_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.all_objects o ON o.object_id = dp.major_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.schemas s ON s.schema_id = o.schema_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types t on t.user_type_id = dp.major_id
 
                $ExcludeSystemObjectssql
 
                UNION ALL
                SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName
                        , ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName
                        , SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                        , [database] = DB_NAME()
                        , [PermState] = ''
                        , [PermissionName] = p.[permission_name]
                        , [SecurableType] = p.class_desc
                        , [Securable] = DB_NAME()
                        , [Grantee] = dp.name
                        , [GranteeType] = dp.type_desc
                        , [revokestatement] = ''
                        , [grantstatement] = ''
                FROM sys.database_principals AS dp
                INNER JOIN sys.fn_builtin_permissions('DATABASE') AS p ON
                    dp.[name]='db_accessadmin' AND p.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY USER', 'CREATE SCHEMA')
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_backupoperator' AND p.[permission_name] IN ('BACKUP DATABASE', 'BACKUP LOG', 'CHECKPOINT')
                    OR
                    dp.[name] IN ('db_datareader', 'db_denydatareader') AND p.[permission_name]='SELECT'
                    OR
                    dp.[name] IN ('db_datawriter', 'db_denydatawriter') AND p.[permission_name] IN ('INSERT', 'DELETE', 'UPDATE')
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_ddladmin' AND
                    p.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY', 'ALTER ANY ASYMMETRIC KEY',
                                            'ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE', 'ALTER ANY CONTRACT',
                                            'ALTER ANY DATABASE DDL TRIGGER', 'ALTER ANY DATABASE EVENT',
                                            'NOTIFICATION', 'ALTER ANY DATASPACE', 'ALTER ANY FULLTEXT CATALOG',
                                            'ALTER ANY MESSAGE TYPE', 'ALTER ANY REMOTE SERVICE BINDING',
                                            'ALTER ANY ROUTE', 'ALTER ANY SCHEMA', 'ALTER ANY SERVICE',
                                            'ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY', 'CHECKPOINT', 'CREATE AGGREGATE',
                                            'CREATE DEFAULT', 'CREATE FUNCTION', 'CREATE PROCEDURE',
                                            'CREATE QUEUE', 'CREATE RULE', 'CREATE SYNONYM', 'CREATE TABLE',
                                            'CREATE TYPE', 'CREATE VIEW', 'CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION',
                                            'REFERENCES')
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_owner' AND p.[permission_name]='CONTROL'
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_securityadmin' AND p.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE', 'ALTER ANY ROLE', 'CREATE SCHEMA', 'VIEW DEFINITION')
 
                WHERE dp.[type]='R'
                    AND dp.is_fixed_role=1
                ;"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($IncludeServerLevel) {
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "T-SQL: $ServPermsql"
                $server.Query($ServPermsql)
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance."

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Warning "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    Continue
                }

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "T-SQL: $DBPermsql"
                $db.ExecuteWithResults($DBPermsql).Tables.Rows
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gathers list of all available counters on local or remote machines.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gathers list of all available counters on local or remote machines. Note, if you pass a credential object, it will be included in the output for easy reuse in your next piped command.
 
            Thanks to Daniel Streefkerk for this super fast way of counters
            https://daniel.streefkerkonline.com/2016/02/18/use-powershell-to-list-all-windows-performance-counters-and-their-numeric-ids
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER Pattern
            Specify a pattern for filtering.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter
 
            Gets all available counters on the local machine.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -Pattern *sql*
 
            Gets all counters matching sql on the local machine.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -Pattern *sql*
 
            Gets all counters matching sql on the remote server sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -Pattern *sql*
 
            Gets all counters matching sql on the local machine.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -Pattern *sql* | Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -CollectorSet 'Test Collector Set' -Collector DataCollector01
 
           Adds all counters matching "sql" to the DataCollector01 within the 'Test Collector Set' CollectorSet.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            $counters = Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Perflib\009' -Name 'counter' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Counter |
                Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '[0-90000]' } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
            
            foreach ($counter in $counters) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    Name         = $counter
                    Credential   = $args
                }
            }
        }
        
        # In case people really want a "like" search, which is slower
        $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace("*", ".*").Replace("..*", ".*")
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer using Invoke-Command."
            
            try {
                if ($pattern) {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $credential -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Where-Object Name -match $pattern | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential
                }
                else {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $credential -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPfDataCollector {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets Performance Monitor Data Collectors
 
        .DESCRIPTION
           Gets Performance Monitor Data Collectors
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The Collector Set name.
   
        .PARAMETER Collector
            The Collector name.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollector
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollector
     
            Gets all Collectors on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName sql2017
     
            Gets all Collectors on sql2017.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
     
            Gets all Collectors for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Get-DbaPfDataCollector
     
            Gets all Collectors for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $columns = 'ComputerName', 'DataCollectorSet', 'Name', 'DataCollectorType', 'DataSourceName', 'FileName', 'FileNameFormat', 'FileNameFormatPattern', 'LatestOutputLocation', 'LogAppend', 'LogCircular', 'LogFileFormat', 'LogOverwrite', 'SampleInterval', 'SegmentMaxRecords', 'Counters'
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $collectorxml = ([xml]$set.Xml).DataCollectorSet.PerformanceCounterDataCollector
            foreach ($col in $collectorxml) {
                if ($Collector -and $Collector -notcontains $col.Name) {
                    continue
                }
                
                $outputlocation = $col.LatestOutputLocation
                if ($outputlocation) {
                    $dir = ($outputlocation).Replace(':', '$')
                    $remote = "\\$($set.ComputerName)\$dir"
                }
                else {
                    $remote = $null
                }
                
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName               = $set.ComputerName
                    DataCollectorSet           = $set.Name
                    Name                       = $col.Name
                    FileName                   = $col.FileName
                    DataCollectorType          = $col.DataCollectorType
                    FileNameFormat             = $col.FileNameFormat
                    FileNameFormatPattern      = $col.FileNameFormatPattern
                    LogAppend                  = $col.LogAppend
                    LogCircular                = $col.LogCircular
                    LogOverwrite               = $col.LogOverwrite
                    LatestOutputLocation       = $col.LatestOutputLocation
                    DataCollectorSetXml        = $set.Xml
                    RemoteLatestOutputLocation = $remote
                    DataSourceName             = $col.DataSourceName
                    SampleInterval             = $col.SampleInterval
                    SegmentMaxRecords          = $col.SegmentMaxRecords
                    LogFileFormat              = $col.LogFileFormat
                    Counters                   = $col.Counter
                    CounterDisplayNames        = $col.CounterDisplayName
                    CollectorXml               = $col
                    DataCollectorObject        = $true
                    Credential                 = $Credential
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property $columns
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets Performance Counters.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets Performance Counters.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The Collector Set name.
   
        .PARAMETER Collector
            The Collector name.
    
        .PARAMETER Counter
            The Counter name to capture. This must be in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter
     
            Gets all counters for all Collector Sets on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017
     
            Gets all counters for all Collector Sets on on sql2017.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'
 
            Gets the '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time' counter on sql2017.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
     
            Gets all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter
     
            Gets all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [string[]]$Counter,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $columns = 'ComputerName', 'Name', 'DataCollectorSet', 'Counters', 'DataCollectorType', 'DataSourceName', 'FileName', 'FileNameFormat', 'FileNameFormatPattern', 'LatestOutputLocation', 'LogAppend', 'LogCircular', 'LogFileFormat', 'LogOverwrite', 'SampleInterval', 'SegmentMaxRecords'
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollector."
                return
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($counterobject in $InputObject) {
            foreach ($countername in $counterobject.Counters) {
                if ($Counter -and $Counter -notcontains $countername) { continue }
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName        = $counterobject.ComputerName
                    DataCollectorSet    = $counterobject.DataCollectorSet
                    DataCollector       = $counterobject.Name
                    DataCollectorSetXml = $counterobject.DataCollectorSetXml
                    Name                = $countername
                    FileName            = $counterobject.FileName
                    CounterObject       = $true
                    Credential          = $Credential
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty DataCollectorObject, Credential, CounterObject, DataCollectorSetXml
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets Performance Counter Samples.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets Performance Counter Samples.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The Collector Set name.
 
        .PARAMETER Collector
            The Collector name.
 
        .PARAMETER Counter
            The Counter name. This must be in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.
 
        .PARAMETER Continuous
           If this switch is enabled, samples will be retrieved continuously until you press CTRL+C. By default, this command gets only one counter sample. You can use the SampleInterval parameter to set the interval for continuous sampling.
 
        .PARAMETER ListSet
            Gets the specified performance counter sets on the computers. Enter the names of the counter sets. Wildcards are permitted.
 
        .PARAMETER MaxSamples
            Specifies the number of samples to get from each counter. The default is 1 sample. To get samples continuously (no maximum sample size), use the Continuous parameter.
 
            To collect a very large data set, consider running a Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample command as a Windows PowerShell background job.
 
        .PARAMETER SampleInterval
            Specifies the time between samples in seconds. The minimum value and the default value are 1 second.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample
 
            Gets a single sample for all counters for all Collector Sets on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'
 
            Gets a single sample for all counters for all Collector Sets on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -MaxSamples 10
 
            Gets 10 samples for all counters for all Collector Sets for servers sql2016 and sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -ComputerName sql2017
 
            Gets a single sample for all counters for all Collector Sets on sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
 
            Gets a single sample for all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
 
            Gets a single sample for all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [string[]]$Counter,
        [switch]$Continuous,
        [switch[]]$ListSet,
        [int]$MaxSamples,
        [int]$SampleInterval,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }
        
        if ($InputObject.Counter -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Counter -Not)) {
            $Counter = $InputObject.Counter
        }
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.CounterObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter."
                return
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($counterobject in $InputObject) {
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Counter) -and ($Counter -notcontains $counterobject.Name)) { continue }
            $params = @{
                Counter = $counterobject.Name
            }
            
            if (-not ([dbainstance]$counterobject.ComputerName).IsLocalHost) {
                $params.Add("ComputerName", $counterobject.ComputerName)
            }
            
            if ($Credential) {
                $params.Add("Credential", $Credential)
            }
            
            if ($Continuous) {
                $params.Add("Continuous", $Continuous)
            }
            
            if ($ListSet) {
                $params.Add("ListSet", $ListSet)
            }
            
            if ($MaxSamples) {
                $params.Add("MaxSamples", $MaxSamples)
            }
            
            if ($SampleInterval) {
                $params.Add("SampleInterval", $SampleInterval)
            }
            
            if ($Continuous) {
                Get-Counter @params
            }
            else {
                try {
                    $pscounters = Get-Counter @params -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure for $($counterobject.Name) on $($counterobject.ComputerName)." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
                
                foreach ($pscounter in $pscounters) {
                    foreach ($sample in $pscounter.CounterSamples) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName           = $counterobject.ComputerName
                            DataCollectorSet       = $counterobject.DataCollectorSet
                            DataCollector          = $counterobject.DataCollector
                            Name                   = $counterobject.Name
                            Timestamp              = $pscounter.Timestamp
                            Path                   = $sample.Path
                            InstanceName           = $sample.InstanceName
                            CookedValue            = $sample.CookedValue
                            RawValue               = $sample.RawValue
                            SecondValue            = $sample.SecondValue
                            MultipleCount          = $sample.MultipleCount
                            CounterType            = $sample.CounterType
                            SampleTimestamp        = $sample.Timestamp
                            SampleTimestamp100NSec = $sample.Timestamp100NSec
                            Status                 = $sample.Status
                            DefaultScale           = $sample.DefaultScale
                            TimeBase               = $sample.TimeBase
                            Sample                 = $pscounter.CounterSamples
                            CounterSampleObject    = $true
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Sample, CounterSampleObject
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The Collector set name.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
 
            Gets all Collector Sets on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017
 
            Gets all Collector Sets on sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
 
            Gets the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 using alternative credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet | Select *
 
            Displays extra columns and also exposes the original COM object in DataCollectorSetObject.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $setscript = {
            # Get names / status info
            $schedule = New-Object -ComObject "Schedule.Service"
            $schedule.Connect()
            $folder = $schedule.GetFolder("Microsoft\Windows\PLA")
            $tasks = @()
            $tasknumber = 0
            $done = $false
            do {
                try {
                    $task = $folder.GetTasks($tasknumber)
                    $tasknumber++
                    if ($task) {
                        $tasks += $task
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    $done = $true
                }
            }
            while ($done -eq $false)
            $null = [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($schedule)

            if ($args[0]) {
                $tasks = $tasks | Where-Object Name -in $args[0]
            }

            $sets = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            foreach ($task in $tasks) {
                $setname = $task.Name
                switch ($task.State) {
                    0 { $state = "Unknown" }
                    1 { $state = "Disabled" }
                    2 { $state = "Queued" }
                    3 { $state = "Ready" }
                    4 { $state = "Running" }
                }

                try {
                    # Query changes $sets so work from there
                    $sets.Query($setname, $null)
                    $set = $sets.PSObject.Copy()

                    $outputlocation = $set.OutputLocation
                    $latestoutputlocation = $set.LatestOutputLocation

                    if ($outputlocation) {
                        $dir = (Split-Path $outputlocation).Replace(':', '$')
                        $remote = "\\$env:COMPUTERNAME\$dir"
                    }
                    else {
                        $remote = $null
                    }

                    if ($latestoutputlocation) {
                        $dir = ($latestoutputlocation).Replace(':', '$')
                        $remotelatest = "\\$env:COMPUTERNAME\$dir"
                    }
                    else {
                        $remote = $null
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName               = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Name                       = $setname
                        LatestOutputLocation       = $set.LatestOutputLocation
                        OutputLocation             = $set.OutputLocation
                        RemoteOutputLocation       = $remote
                        RemoteLatestOutputLocation = $remotelatest
                        RootPath                   = $set.RootPath
                        Duration                   = $set.Duration
                        Description                = $set.Description
                        DescriptionUnresolved      = $set.DescriptionUnresolved
                        DisplayName                = $set.DisplayName
                        DisplayNameUnresolved      = $set.DisplayNameUnresolved
                        Keywords                   = $set.Keywords
                        Segment                    = $set.Segment
                        SegmentMaxDuration         = $set.SegmentMaxDuration
                        SegmentMaxSize             = $set.SegmentMaxSize
                        SerialNumber               = $set.SerialNumber
                        Server                     = $set.Server
                        Status                     = $set.Status
                        Subdirectory               = $set.Subdirectory
                        SubdirectoryFormat         = $set.SubdirectoryFormat
                        SubdirectoryFormatPattern  = $set.SubdirectoryFormatPattern
                        Task                       = $set.Task
                        TaskRunAsSelf              = $set.TaskRunAsSelf
                        TaskArguments              = $set.TaskArguments
                        TaskUserTextArguments      = $set.TaskUserTextArguments
                        Schedules                  = $set.Schedules
                        SchedulesEnabled           = $set.SchedulesEnabled
                        UserAccount                = $set.UserAccount
                        Xml                        = $set.Xml
                        Security                   = $set.Security
                        StopOnCompletion           = $set.StopOnCompletion
                        State                      = $state.Trim()
                        DataCollectorSetObject     = $true
                        TaskObject                 = $task
                        Credential                 = $args[1]
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Warning -Message "Issue with getting Collector Set $setname on $env:Computername : $_."
                    continue
                }
            }
        }

        $columns = 'ComputerName', 'Name', 'DisplayName', 'Description', 'State', 'Duration', 'OutputLocation', 'LatestOutputLocation',
        'RootPath', 'SchedulesEnabled', 'Segment', 'SegmentMaxDuration', 'SegmentMaxSize',
        'SerialNumber', 'Server', 'StopOnCompletion', 'Subdirectory', 'SubdirectoryFormat',
        'SubdirectoryFormatPattern', 'Task', 'TaskArguments', 'TaskRunAsSelf', 'TaskUserTextArguments', 'UserAccount'
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer using Invoke-Command."
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $CollectorSet, $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Select-DefaultView -Property $columns
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Parses Perf Monitor templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\perfmontemplates\).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Parses Perf Monitor XML templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\perfmontemplates\).
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to the template directory. Defaults to the dbatools template repository (\bin\perfmontemplates\).
         
        .PARAMETER Pattern
            Specify a pattern for filtering. Alternatively, you can use Out-GridView -Passthru to select objects and pipe them to Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate.
 
        .PARAMETER Template
            Specifies one or more of the templates provided by dbatools. Press tab to cycle through the list to the options.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate
 
            Returns information about all the templates in the local dbatools repository.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 | Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
 
            Allows you to select a template, then deploys it to sql2017 and immediately starts the DataCollectorSet.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate | Select-Object *
 
            Returns more information about the template, including the full path/filename.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Path = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets",
        [string]$Pattern,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets.xml"
        # In case people really want a "like" search, which is slower
        $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace("*", ".*").Replace("..*", ".*")
    }
    process {
        foreach ($directory in $Path) {
            $files = Get-ChildItem "$directory\*.xml"
            
            if ($Template) {
                $files = $files | Where-Object BaseName -in $Template
            }
            
            foreach ($file in $files) {
                try {
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content $file)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                }
                
                foreach ($dataset in $xml.DataCollectorSet) {
                    $meta = $metadata | Where-Object Name -eq $dataset.name
                    if ($Pattern) {
                        if (
                            ($dataset.Name -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($dataset.Description -match $Pattern)
                        ) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                Name        = $dataset.name
                                Source      = $meta.Source
                                UserAccount = $dataset.useraccount
                                Description = $dataset.Description
                                Path        = $file
                                File        = $file.Name
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, Path
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            Name        = $dataset.name
                            Source      = $meta.Source
                            UserAccount = $dataset.useraccount
                            Description = $dataset.Description
                            Path        = $file
                            File        = $file.Name
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, Path
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPolicy {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Returns polices from policy based management from an instance.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Returns details of policies with the option to filter on Category and SystemObjects.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
    .PARAMETER Policy
    Filters results to only show specific policy
 
    .PARAMETER Category
    Filters results to only show policies in the category selected
 
    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObject
    By default system objects are filtered out. Use this parameter to INCLUDE them .
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Stephen Bennett (https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/)
    Tags: Policy, PoilcyBasedManagement
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPolicy
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaPolicy -SqlInstance sql2016
 
    Returns all policies from sql2016 server
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaPolicy -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred
 
    Uses a credential $cred to connect and return all policies from sql2016 instance
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaPolicy -SqlInstance sql2016 -Category MorningCheck
 
    Returns all policies from sql2016 server that part of the PolicyCategory MorningCheck
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]
        $SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Policy,
        [string[]]$Category,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $sqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                # DMF is the Declarative Management Framework, Policy Based Management's old name
                $store = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.DMF.PolicyStore $sqlStoreConnection
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            $allpolicies = $store.Policies

            if (-not $IncludeSystemObject) {
                $allpolicies = $allpolicies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
            }

            if ($Category) {
                $allpolicies = $allpolicies | Where-Object { $_.PolicyCategory -in $Category }
            }

            if ($Policy) {
                $allpolicies = $allpolicies | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Policy }
            }

            foreach ($currentpolicy in $allpolicies) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $currentpolicy"
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentpolicy -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentpolicy -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentpolicy -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentpolicy -ExcludeProperty HelpText, HelpLink, Urn, Properties, Metadata, Parent, IdentityKey, HasScript, PolicyEvaluationStarted, ConnectionProcessingStarted, TargetProcessed, ConnectionProcessingFinished, PolicyEvaluationFinished, PropertyMetadataChanged, PropertyChanged
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPrivilege {
    <#
      .SYNOPSIS
      Gets the users with local privileges on one or more computers.
 
      .DESCRIPTION
      Gets the users with local privileges 'Lock Pages in Memory', 'Instant File Initialization', 'Logon as Batch' on one or more computers.
 
      Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
      .PARAMETER ComputerName
      The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
      .PARAMETER Credential
      Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
      .PARAMETER EnableException
      By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
      This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
      Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
      .NOTES
      Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
      Tags: Privilege
      Website: https://dbatools.io
      Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
      License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
      https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPrivilege
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Get-DbaPrivilege -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
      Gets the local privileges on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaPrivilege
 
      Gets the local privileges on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Get-DbaPrivilege -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview
 
      Gets the local privileges on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.
 
  #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [dbainstanceparameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin {
        $ResolveSID = @"
    function Convert-SIDToUserName ([string] `$SID ) {
      `$objSID = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier (`"`$SID`")
      `$objUser = `$objSID.Translate( [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])
      `$objUser.Value
    }
"@
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName.ComputerName | Select-Object -Unique
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer"
                if (Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Computer) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Privileges on $Computer"
                    $Priv = $null
                    $Priv = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock {
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); secedit /export /cfg $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg > $NULL;
                        Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeBatchLogonRight" -or $_ -match 'SeManageVolumePrivilege' -or $_ -match 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege' }
                    }
                    
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Batch Logon Privileges on $Computer"
                    $BL = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $ResolveSID -ScriptBlock {
                        Param ($ResolveSID)
                        . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveSID))
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                        (Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeBatchLogonRight" }).substring(20).split(",").replace("`*", "") |
                        ForEach-Object { Convert-SIDToUserName -SID $_ }
                    } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    if ($BL.count -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Batch Logon Rights on $computer"
                    }
                    
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Instant File Initialization Privileges on $Computer"
                    $ifi = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $ResolveSID -ScriptBlock {
                        Param ($ResolveSID)
                        . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveSID))
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                        (Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object { $_ -like 'SeManageVolumePrivilege*' }).substring(26).split(",").replace("`*", "") |
                        ForEach-Object { Convert-SIDToUserName -SID $_ }
                    } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    if ($ifi.count -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Instant File Initialization Rights on $computer"
                    }
                    
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Lock Pages in Memory Privileges on $Computer"
                    $lpim = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $ResolveSID -ScriptBlock {
                        Param ($ResolveSID)
                        . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveSID))
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                        (Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object { $_ -like 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege*' }).substring(24).split(",").replace("`*", "") |
                        ForEach-Object { Convert-SIDToUserName -SID $_ }
                    } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    
                    if ($lpim.count -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Lock Pages in Memory Rights on $computer"
                    }
                    $users = @() + $BL + $ifi + $lpim | Select-Object -Unique
                    $users | ForEach-Object {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName                           = $computer
                            User                                   = $_
                            LogonAsBatchPrivilege                  = $BL -contains $_
                            InstantFileInitializationPrivilege     = $ifi -contains $_
                            LockPagesInMemoryPrivilege             = $lpim -contains $_
                        }
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing secpol file on $computer"
                    Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); Remove-Item $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg -Force > $NULL }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaProcess {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This command displays SQL Server processes.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command displays processes associated with a spid, login, host, program or database.
 
            Thanks to Michael J Swart at https://sqlperformance.com/2017/07/sql-performance/find-database-connection-leaks for the query to get the last executed SQL statement, minutesasleep and host process ID.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Spid
            Specifies one or more process IDs (Spid) to be displayed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            Specifies one or more Login names with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Hostname
            Specifies one or more hostnames with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Program
            Specifies one or more program names with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more databases with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeSpid
            Specifies one ore more process IDs to exclude from display. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
            This is the last filter to run, so even if a Spid matches another filter, it will be excluded by this filter.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSystemSpid
            If this switch is enabled, system Spids will be ignored.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaProcess
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login base\ctrlb, sa
 
            Shows information about the processes for base\ctrlb and sa on sqlserver2014a. Windows Authentication is used in connecting to sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential -Spid 56, 77
 
            Shows information about the processes for spid 56 and 57. Uses alternative (SQL or Windows) credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Program 'Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio'
 
            Shows information about the processes that were created in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Host workstationx, server100
 
            Shows information about the processes that were initiated by hosts (computers/clients) workstationx and server 1000.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Spid,
        [int[]]$ExcludeSpid,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$Hostname,
        [string[]]$Program,
        [switch]$NoSystemSpid,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance." -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $instance : $_" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT datediff(minute, s.last_request_end_time, getdate()) as MinutesAsleep, s.session_id as spid, s.host_process_id as HostProcessId, t.text as Query,
                    s.login_time as LoginTime,s.client_version as ClientVersion, s.last_request_start_time as LastRequestStartTime, s.last_request_end_time as LastRequestEndTime,
                    c.net_transport as NetTransport, c.encrypt_option as EncryptOption, c.auth_scheme as AuthScheme, c.net_packet_size as NetPacketSize, c.client_net_address as ClientNetAddress
                    FROM sys.dm_exec_connections c join sys.dm_exec_sessions s on c.session_id = s.session_id cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(c.most_recent_sql_handle) t"

            if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 8) {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            }
            else {
                $results = $null
            }

            $allsessions = @()

            $processes = $server.EnumProcesses()

            if ($Login) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $_.Login -in $Login -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Spid) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { ($_.Spid -in $Spid -or $_.BlockingSpid -in $Spid) -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Hostname) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $_.Host -in $Hostname -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Program) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $_.Program -in $Program -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Database -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -not 'Login', 'Spid', 'ExcludeSpid', 'Hostname', 'Program', 'Database') {
                $allsessions = $processes
            }

            if ($NoSystemSpid -eq $true) {
                $allsessions = $allsessions | Where-Object { $_.Spid -gt 50 }
            }

            if ($Exclude) {
                $allsessions = $allsessions | Where-Object { $Exclude -notcontains $_.SPID -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            foreach ($session in $allsessions) {

                if ($session.Status -eq "") {
                    $status = "sleeping"
                }
                else {
                    $status = $session.Status
                }

                if ($session.Command -eq "") {
                    $command = "AWAITING COMMAND"
                }
                else {
                    $command = $session.Command
                }

                $row = $results | Where-Object { $_.Spid -eq $session.Spid }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Parent -value $server
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -value $status
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Command -value $command
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name HostProcessId -value $row.HostProcessId
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MinutesAsleep -value $row.MinutesAsleep
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LoginTime -value $row.LoginTime
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ClientVersion -value $row.ClientVersion
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastRequestStartTime -value $row.LastRequestStartTime
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastRequestEndTime -value $row.LastRequestEndTime
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NetTransport -value $row.NetTransport
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EncryptOption -value $row.EncryptOption
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AuthScheme -value $row.AuthScheme
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NetPacketSize -value $row.NetPacketSize
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ClientNetAddress -value $row.ClientNetAddress
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastQuery -value $row.Query

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $session -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Spid, Login, LoginTime, Host, Database, BlockingSpid, Program, Status, Command, Cpu, MemUsage, LastRequestStartTime, LastRequestEndTime, MinutesAsleep, ClientNetAddress, NetTransport, EncryptOption, AuthScheme, NetPacketSize, ClientVersion, HostProcessId, IsSystem, LastQuery
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Displays Stored Procedures and Ad hoc queries with the highest execution times. Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Quickly find slow query executions within a database. Results will include stored procedures and individual SQL statements.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER MaxResultsPerDb
Allows you to limit the number of results returned, as many systems can have very large amounts of query plans. Default value is 100 results.
 
.PARAMETER MinExecs
Allows you to limit the scope to queries that have been executed a minimum number of time. Default value is 100 executions.
 
.PARAMETER MinExecMs
Allows you to limit the scope to queries with a specified average execution time. Default value is 500 (ms).
 
.PARAMETER NoSystemDb
Allows you to suppress output on system databases
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Query, Performance
Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
 
Return the top 100 slowest stored procedures or statements for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB
 
Return the top 100 slowest stored procedures or statements on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -MaxResultsPerDb 100 -MinExecs 200 -MinExecMs 1000
 
Return the top 100 slowest stored procedures or statements on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database,
limiting results to queries with more than 200 total executions and an execution time over 1000ms or higher.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$MaxResultsPerDb = 100,
        [parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$MinExecs = 100,
        [parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$MinExecMs = 500,
        [parameter(Position = 4, Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$NoSystemDb,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = ";With StatsCTE AS
            (
                SELECT
                    DB_NAME() as DatabaseName,
                    (total_worker_time / execution_count) / 1000 AS AvgExec_ms ,
                    execution_count ,
                    max_worker_time / 1000 AS MaxExec_ms ,
                    OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as ProcName,
                    object_id,
                    type_desc,
                    cached_time,
                    last_execution_time,
                    total_worker_time / 1000 as total_worker_time_ms,
                    total_elapsed_time / 1000 as total_elapsed_time_ms,
                    OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as SQLText,
                    OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as full_statement_text
                FROM sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats
                WHERE database_id = DB_ID()"

        If ($MinExecs) { $sql += "`n AND execution_count >= " + $MinExecs }
        If ($MinExecMs) { $sql += "`n AND (total_worker_time / execution_count) / 1000 >= " + $MinExecMs }

        $sql += "`n UNION
            SELECT
                DB_NAME() as DatabaseName,
                ( qs.total_worker_time / qs.execution_count ) / 1000 AS AvgExec_ms ,
                qs.execution_count ,
                qs.max_worker_time / 1000 AS MaxExec_ms ,
                OBJECT_NAME(st.objectid) as ProcName,
                   st.objectid as [object_id],
                   'STATEMENT' as type_desc,
                   '1901-01-01 00:00:00' as cached_time,
                    qs.last_execution_time,
                    qs.total_worker_time / 1000 as total_worker_time_ms,
                    qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000 as total_elapsed_time_ms,
                    SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1, 50) + '...' AS SQLText,
                    SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1,
                        ((CASE qs.statement_end_offset
                          WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
                         ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                         END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) AS full_statement_text
            FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) as pa
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) as st
            WHERE st.dbid = DB_ID() OR (pa.attribute = 'dbid' and pa.value = DB_ID())"

        If ($MinExecs) { $sql += "`n AND execution_count >= " + $MinExecs }
        If ($MinExecMs) { $sql += "`n AND (total_worker_time / execution_count) / 1000 >= " + $MinExecMs }

        If ($MaxResultsPerDb) { $sql += ")`n SELECT TOP " + $MaxResultsPerDb }
        Else {
            $sql += ")
                        SELECT "
        }

        $sql += "`n DatabaseName,
                        AvgExec_ms,
                        execution_count,
                        MaxExec_ms,
                        ProcName,
                        object_id,
                        type_desc,
                        cached_time,
                        last_execution_time,
                        total_worker_time_ms,
                        total_elapsed_time_ms,
                        SQLText,
                        full_statement_text
                    FROM StatsCTE "

        If ($MinExecs -or $MinExecMs) {
            $sql += "`n WHERE `n"

            If ($MinExecs) {
                $sql += " execution_count >= " + $MinExecs
            }

            If ($MinExecMs -gt 0 -and $MinExecs) {
                $sql += "`n AND AvgExec_ms >= " + $MinExecMs
            }
            elseif ($MinExecMs) {
                $sql += "`n AvgExecs_ms >= " + $MinExecMs
            }
        }

        $sql += "`n ORDER BY AvgExec_ms DESC"
    }
    process {
        if (!$MaxResultsPerDb -and !$MinExecs -and !$MinExecMs) {
            Write-Warning "Results may take time, depending on system resources and size of buffer cache."
            Write-Warning "Consider limiting results using -MaxResultsPerDb, -MinExecs and -MinExecMs parameters."
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Warning "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2008 (v10). Skipping server $instance."

                Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($NoSystemDb) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Verbose "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Warning "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    Continue
                }

                try {
                    foreach ($row in $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database           = $row.DatabaseName
                            ProcName           = $row.ProcName
                            ObjectID           = $row.object_id
                            TypeDesc           = $row.type_desc
                            Executions         = $row.Execution_Count
                            AvgExecMs          = $row.AvgExec_ms
                            MaxExecMs          = $row.MaxExec_ms
                            CachedTime         = $row.cached_time
                            LastExecTime       = $row.last_execution_time
                            TotalWorkerTimeMs  = $row.total_worker_time_ms
                            TotalElapsedTimeMs = $row.total_elapsed_time_ms
                            SQLText            = $row.SQLText
                            FullStatementText  = $row.full_statement_text
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty FullStatementText
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Warning "Could not process $db on $instance. Exception: $_"
                    Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRegisteredServer {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets list of SQL Server objects stored in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns an array of servers found in the CMS.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Group
            Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeGroup
            Specifies one or more Central Management Server groups to exclude.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeCmsServer
            Deprecated, now follows the Microsoft convention of not including it by default. If you'd like to include the CMS Server, use -IncludeSelf
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSelf
            If this switch is enabled, the CMS server itself will be included in the results, along with all other Registered Servers.
 
        .PARAMETER ResolveNetworkName
            If this switch is enabled, the NetBIOS name and IP address(es) of each server will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
 
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
 
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Bryan Hamby (@galador)
            Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRegisteredServer
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Gets a list of servers from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using Windows Credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -IncludeSelf
 
            Gets a list of servers from the CMS on sqlserver2014a and includes sqlserver2014a in the output results.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential | Select-Object -Unique -ExpandProperty ServerName
 
            Returns only the server names from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using SQL Authentication to authenticate to the server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR, Accounting
 
            Gets a list of servers in the HR and Accounting groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR\Development
 
            Returns a list of servers in the HR and sub-group Development from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Groups")]
        [object[]]$Group,
        [object[]]$ExcludeGroup,
        [switch]$IncludeSelf,
        [switch]$ExcludeCmsServer,
        [switch]$ResolveNetworkName,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Find-CmsGroup {
            [OutputType([object[]])]
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param(
                $CmsGrp,
                $Base = $null,
                $Stopat
            )
            $results = @()
            foreach ($el in $CmsGrp) {
                if ($null -eq $Base -or [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Base) ) {
                    $partial = $el.name
                }
                else {
                    $partial = "$Base\$($el.name)"
                }
                if ($partial -eq $Stopat) {
                    return $el
                }
                else {
                    foreach ($elg in $el.ServerGroups) {
                        $results += Find-CmsGroup -CmsGrp $elg -Base $partial -Stopat $Stopat
                    }
                }
            }
            return $results
        }

        $defaults = @()
        if ($ResolveNetworkName) {
            $defaults += 'ComputerName', 'FQDN', 'IPAddress'
        }
        $defaults += 'Name', 'ServerName', 'Description', 'ServerType', 'SecureConnectionString'

    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        $servers = @()
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $cmsStore = Get-DbaRegisteredServersStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Central Management Server '$instance'." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeGroup) {
                $Group = ($cmsStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeGroup).Name
            }

            if ($Group) {
                foreach ($currentGroup in $Group) {
                    $cms = Find-CmsGroup -CmsGrp $cmsStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups -Stopat $currentGroup
                    if ($null -eq $cms) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No groups found matching that name on instance '$instance'."
                        continue
                    }
                    $servers += ($cms.GetDescendantRegisteredServers())
                }
            }
            else {
                $cms = $cmsStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup
                $servers += ($cms.GetDescendantRegisteredServers())
            }

            # Close the connection, otherwise using it with the ServersStore will keep it open
            $cmsStore.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
        }

        foreach ($server in $servers) {
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $null
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FQDN -Value $null
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IPAddress -Value $null

            if ($ResolveNetworkName) {
                try {
                    $lookup = Resolve-DbaNetworkName $server.ServerName -Turbo
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $lookup.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FQDN -Value $lookup.FQDN
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IPAddress -Value $lookup.IPAddress
                }
                catch {
                    try {
                        $lookup = Resolve-DbaNetworkName $server.ServerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $lookup.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FQDN -Value $lookup.FQDN
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IPAddress -Value $lookup.IPAddress
                    }
                    catch {}
                }
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name ToString -Value { $this.ServerName }
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $server -Property $defaults
        }

        if ($IncludeSelf -and $servers) {
            $self = $servers[0].PsObject.Copy()
            $self | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Name -Value "CMS Instance" -Force
            $self.ServerName = $instance
            $self.Description = $null
            $self.SecureConnectionString = $null
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $self -Property $defaults
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter ExcludeCmsServer
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaRegisteredServerName
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-SqlRegisteredServerName
    }
}
function Get-DbaRegisteredServerGroup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets list of Server Groups objects stored in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns an array of Server Groups found in the CMS.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Group
            Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeGroup
            Specifies one or more Central Management Server groups to exclude.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
 
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
 
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Tony Wilhelm (@tonywsql)
            Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRegisteredServerGroup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServerGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Gets the top level groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using Windows Credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential
 
            Gets the top level groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using SQL Authentication to authenticate to the server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR, Accounting
 
            Gets the HR and Accounting groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR\Development
 
            Returns the sub-group Development of the HR group from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Group,
        [object[]]$ExcludeGroup,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Find-CmsGroup {
            [OutputType([object[]])]
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param(
                $CmsGrp,
                $Base = $null,
                $Stopat
            )
            $results = @()

                foreach ($el in $CmsGrp) {
                if ($null -eq $Base -or [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Base) ) {
                    $partial = $el.name
                }
                else {
                    $partial = "$Base\$($el.name)"
                }
                if ($partial -eq $Stopat) {
                    return $el
                }
                else {
                    foreach ($elg in $el.ServerGroups) {
                        $results += Find-CmsGroup -CmsGrp $elg -Base $partial -Stopat $Stopat
                    }
                }
            }
            return $results
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        $groups = @()
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $cmsStore = Get-DbaRegisteredServersStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Central Management Server '$instance'." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            if ($group) {
                foreach ($currentGroup in $group) {
                    $cms = Find-CmsGroup -CmsGrp $cmsStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups -Stopat $currentGroup
                    if ($null -eq $cms) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No groups found matching '$($currentGroup)' on instance '$instance'."
                        continue
                    }
                    $groups += $cms
                }
            }
            else {
                $groups = $cmsStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeGroup) {
                $groups = $groups | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeGroup
            }

            # Close the connection, otherwise using it with the ServersStore will keep it open
            $cmsStore.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
            
            $groups | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty IsLocal, IsSystemServerGroup, IsDropped, Urn, Properties, Metadata, DuplicateFound, PropertyMetadataChanged, PropertyChanged
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRegisteredServersStore {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store Object
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store object - useful for working with Central Management Store
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
            to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: RegisteredServer,CMS
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRegisteredServersStore
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServersStore -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store Object from sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServersStore -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin)
 
            Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store Object from sqlserver2014a by logging in with the sqladmin login
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $store = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServersStore($server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Central Management Server on $instance." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $store -ExcludeProperty ServerConnection, DomainInstanceName, DomainName, Urn, Properties, Metadata, Parent, ConnectionContext, PropertyMetadataChanged, PropertyChanged
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRestoreHistory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns restore history details for databases on a SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, this command will return the server name, database, username, restore type, date, from file and to files.
 
            Thanks to https://www.mssqltips.com/SqlInstancetip/1724/when-was-the-last-time-your-sql-server-database-was-restored/ for the query and https://sqlstudies.com/2016/07/27/when-was-this-database-restored/ for the idea.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to operate on. Requires SQL Server 2005 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Since
            Specifies a datetime to use as the starting point for searching backup history.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            Deprecated.
 
        .PARAMETER Last
            If this switch is enabled, the last restore action performed on each database is returned.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore, Databases
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRestoreHistory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Returns server name, database, username, restore type, date for all restored databases on sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1, db2 -Since '7/1/2016 10:47:00'
 
            Returns restore information only for databases db1 and db2 on sql2016 since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2014, sql2016 -Exclude db1
 
            Lots of detailed information for all databases except db1 on sql2014 and sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs | Format-Table
 
            Adds From and To file information to output, returns information only for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs, and formats the data as a table.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Get-DbaRestoreHistory
 
            Returns database restore information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$Last
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Parameter 'Force'

        if ($Since -ne $null) {
            $Since = $Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                    Write-Warning "SQL Server 2000 not supported."
                    continue
                }

                $computername = $server.NetName
                $instancename = $server.ServiceName
                $servername = $server.DomainInstanceName

                if ($force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT '$computername' AS [ComputerName],
                    '$instancename' AS [InstanceName],
                    '$servername' AS [SqlInstance], * "
                }
                else {
                    $select = "SELECT
                    '$computername' AS [ComputerName],
                    '$instancename' AS [InstanceName],
                    '$servername' AS [SqlInstance],
                     rsh.destination_database_name AS [Database],
                     --rsh.restore_history_id as RestoreHistoryID,
                     rsh.user_name AS [Username],
                     CASE
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'D' THEN 'Database'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'F' THEN 'File'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'G' THEN 'Filegroup'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'L' THEN 'Log'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'V' THEN 'Verifyonly'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'R' THEN 'Revert'
                         ELSE rsh.restore_type
                     END AS [RestoreType],
                     rsh.restore_date AS [Date],
                     ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + bmf.physical_device_name
                                    FROM msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily bmf
                                   WHERE bmf.media_set_id = bs.media_set_id
                                 FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS [From],
                     ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + rf.destination_phys_name
                                    FROM msdb.dbo.restorefile rf
                                   WHERE rsh.restore_history_id = rf.restore_history_id
                                 FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS [To],
                    bs.first_lsn,
                    bs.last_lsn,
                    bs.checkpoint_lsn,
                    bs.database_backup_lsn,
                    bs.backup_finish_date
                    "
                }

                $from = " FROM msdb.dbo.restorehistory rsh
                    INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset bs ON rsh.backup_set_id = bs.backup_set_id"

                if ($ExcludeDatabase -or $Database -or $Since -or $last) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }

                $wherearray = @()

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dblist = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                    $wherearray += " destination_database_name not in ('$dblist')"
                }

                if ($Database) {
                    $dblist = $Database -join "','"
                    $wherearray += "destination_database_name in ('$dblist')"
                }

                if ($null -ne $Since) {
                    $wherearray += "rsh.restore_date >= '$since'"
                }


                if ($last) {
                    $wherearray += "rsh.backup_set_id in
                        (select max(backup_set_id) from msdb.dbo.restorehistory
                        group by destination_database_name
                        )"
                }

                if ($where.length -gt 0) {
                    $wherearray = $wherearray -join " and "
                    $where = "$where $wherearray"
                }

                $sql = "$select $from $where"

                Write-Debug $sql

                $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows

                if ($last) {
                    $ga = $results | group-Object database
                    $tmpres = @()
                    $ga | foreach-Object {
                        $tmpres += $_.Group | Sort-Object -Property RESTORE_DATE -Descending | Select-Object -first 1
                    }
                    $results = $tmpres
                }
                $results | Select-DefaultView -Exclude first_lsn, last_lsn, checkpoint_lsn, database_backup_lsn, RowError, RowState, Table, ItemArray, HasErrors
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning $_
                Write-Exception $_
                continue
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaRoleMember {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Get members of all roles on a Sql instance.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Get members of all roles on a Sql instance.
 
Default output includes columns SQLServer, Database, Role, Member.
 
.PARAMETER SQLInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER IncludeServerLevel
Shows also information on Server Level Permissions.
 
.PARAMETER NoFixedRole
Excludes all members of fixed roles.
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Roles, Databases
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRoleMember
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaRoleMember -SqlInstance ServerA
 
Returns a custom object displaying SQLServer, Database, Role, Member for all DatabaseRoles.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaRoleMember -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-Gridview
 
Returns a gridview displaying SQLServer, Database, Role, Member for all DatabaseRoles.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaRoleMember -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -IncludeServerLevel
 
Returns a gridview displaying SQLServer, Database, Role, Member for both ServerRoles and DatabaseRoles.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('SqlServer', 'ServerInstance')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeServerLevel,
        [switch]$NoFixedRole
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Connecting to $Instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Failed to connect to $instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($IncludeServerLevel) {
                Write-Verbose "Server Role Members included"
                $instroles = $null
                Write-Verbose "Getting Server Roles on $instance"
                $instroles = $server.roles
                if ($NoFixedRole) {
                    $instroles = $instroles | Where-Object { $_.isfixedrole -eq $false }
                }
                ForEach ($instrole in $instroles) {
                    Write-Verbose "Getting Server Role Members for $instrole on $instance"
                    $irmembers = $null
                    $irmembers = $instrole.enumserverrolemembers()
                    ForEach ($irmem in $irmembers) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            SQLInstance = $instance
                            Database    = $null
                            Role        = $instrole.name
                            Member      = $irmem.tostring()
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($Exclude) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Verbose "Checking accessibility of $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) {
                    Write-Warning "Database $db on $instance is not accessible"
                    continue
                }

                $dbroles = $db.roles
                Write-Verbose "Getting Database Roles for $db on $instance"

                if ($NoFixedRole) {
                    $dbroles = $dbroles | Where-Object { $_.isfixedrole -eq $false }
                }

                foreach ($dbrole in $dbroles) {
                    Write-Verbose "Getting Database Role Members for $dbrole in $db on $instance"
                    $dbmembers = $dbrole.enummembers()
                    ForEach ($dbmem in $dbmembers) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            SqlInstance = $instance
                            Database    = $db.name
                            Role        = $dbrole.name
                            Member      = $dbmem.tostring()
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRunningJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns all non-idle Agent jobs running on the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns agent jobs that active on the SQL Server instance when calling the command. The information is gathered the SMO JobServer.jobs and be returned either in detailed or standard format.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRunningJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRunningJob -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns any active jobs on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRunningJob -SqlInstance localhost -Detailed
 
            Returns a detailed output of any active jobs on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaRunningJob
 
            Returns all active jobs on multiple instances piped into the function.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $Server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $_.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle' }

            if (!$jobs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No Jobs are currently running on: $Server."
            }
            else {
                foreach ($job in $jobs) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Name             = $job.name
                        Category         = $job.Category
                        CurrentRunStatus = $job.CurrentRunStatus
                        CurrentRunStep   = $job.CurrentRunStep
                        HasSchedule      = $job.HasSchedule
                        LastRunDate      = $job.LastRunDate
                        LastRunOutcome   = $job.LastRunOutcome
                        JobStep          = $job.JobSteps
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets DDL changes logged in the system trace.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Queries the default system trace for any DDL changes in the specified timeframe
    Only works with SQL 2005 and later, as the system trace didn't exist before then
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
    to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER Since
    A date from which DDL changes should be returned. Default is to start at the beggining of the current trace file
 
    .PARAMETER Object
    The name of a SQL Server object you want to look for changes on
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Migration, Backup, Databases
    Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram - http://stuart-moore.com)
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost
 
    Returns all DDL changes made in all databases on the SQL Server instance localhost since the system trace began
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)
 
    Returns all DDL changes made in all databases on the SQL Server instance localhost in the last 7 days
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost -Database Finance, Prod -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)
 
    Returns all DDL changes made in the Prod and Finance databases on the SQL Server instance localhost in the last 7 days
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost -Database Finance -Object AccountsTable -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)
 
    Returns all DDL changes made to the AccountsTable object in the Finance database on the SQL Server instance localhost in the last 7 days
 
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [DbaDateTime]$Since,
        [string[]]$Object,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($Server.Version.Major -le 8) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This command doesn't support SQL Server 2000, sorry about that"
                return
            }
            $TraceFileQuery = "select path from sys.traces where is_default = 1"

            $TraceFile = $server.Query($TraceFileQuery) | Select-Object Path

            $Databases = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) { $Databases = $Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) { $Databases = $Databases | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase }

            foreach ($db in $Databases) {
                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server is inaccessible" -Continue
                }

                $sql = "select SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                        tt.databasename as 'DatabaseName',
                        starttime as 'DateModified',
                        Sessionloginname as 'LoginName',
                        NTusername as 'UserName',
                        applicationname as 'ApplicationName',
                        case eventclass
                            When '46' Then 'Create'
                            when '47' Then 'Drop'
                            when '164' then 'Alter'
                        end as 'DDLOperation',
                        s.name+'.'+o.name as 'Object',
                        o.type_desc as 'ObjectType'
                        from
                        sys.objects o inner join
                        sys.schemas s on s.schema_id=o.schema_id
                        cross apply (select * from ::fn_trace_gettable('$($TraceFile.path)',default) where ObjectID=o.object_id ) tt
                        where tt.objecttype not in (21587)
                        and tt.DatabaseID=db_id()
                        and tt.EventSubClass=0"

                if ($null -ne $since) {
                    $sql = $sql + " and tt.StartTime>'$Since' "
                }
                if ($null -ne $object) {
                    $sql = $sql + " and o.name in ('$($object -join ''',''')') "
                }

                $sql = $sql + " order by tt.StartTime asc"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying Database $db on $instance"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL: $sql"

                $db.Query($sql)  | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, DatabaseName, DateModified, LoginName, UserName, ApplicationName, DDLOperation, Object, ObjectType
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaServerAudit {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets SQL Security Audit information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
.DESCRIPTION
 The Get-DbaServerAudit command gets SQL Security Audit information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerAudit
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerAudit -SqlInstance localhost
Returns all Security Audits on the local default SQL Server instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerAudit -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
Returns all Security Audits for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Warning "Server Audits are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Quitting."
                continue
            }
            foreach ($audit in $server.Audits) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $audit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $audit.Parent.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $audit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $audit.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $audit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $audit.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $audit -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, 'Enabled as IsEnabled', FilePath, FileName
            }
            if ($server.Audits.Count -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No server audit found on $($server.DomainInstanceName)"
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlServerAudit
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets SQL Security Audit Specification information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
.DESCRIPTION
 The Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification command gets SQL Security Audit Specification information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification -SqlInstance localhost
Returns all Security Audit Specifications on the local default SQL Server instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
Returns all Security Audit Specifications for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Warning "Server Audits are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Quitting."
                continue
            }

            foreach ($auditSpecification in $server.ServerAuditSpecifications) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $auditSpecification -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $auditSpecification -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $auditSpecification -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $auditSpecification -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, AuditName, Enabled, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Guid
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlServerAuditSpecification
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerInstallDate {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns the install date of a SQL Instance and Windows Server, depending on what is passed.
 
.DESCRIPTION
By default, this command returns for each SQL Instance instance passed in:
SQL Instance install date, formatted as a string
Hosting Windows server install date, formatted as a string
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER IncludeWindows
Includes the Windows Server Install date information
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: CIM
Author: Mitchell Hamann (@SirCaptainMitch), mitchellhamann.com
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerInstallDate
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance SqlBox1\Instance2
 
Returns an object with SQL Instance Install date as a string and the Windows install date as string.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress, sql2016
 
Returns an object with SQL Instance Install date as a string and the Windows install date as a string for both SQLInstances that are passed to the cmdlet.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016
 
Returns an object with only the SQL Server Install date as a string.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -IncludeWindows
 
Returns an object with the Windows Install date and the SQL install date as a string.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Get-DbaServerInstallDate
 
Returns an object with SQL Instance install date as a string for every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2014
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [Switch]$IncludeWindows,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance" -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Install Date for: $instance"
                $sql = "SELECT create_date FROM sys.server_principals WHERE sid = 0x010100000000000512000000"
                [DbaDateTime]$sqlInstallDate = $server.Query($sql, 'master', $true).create_date

            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Install Date for: $instance"
                $sql = "SELECT schemadate FROM sysservers"
                [DbaDateTime]$sqlInstallDate = $server.Query($sql, 'master', $true).create_date
            }

            $WindowsServerName = $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS

            if ($IncludeWindows) {
                try {
                    [DbaDateTime]$windowsInstallDate = (Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName win32_OperatingSystem -ComputerName $WindowsServerName -Credential $Credential -EnableException).InstallDate
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $WindowsServerName" -Continue -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }

            $object = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                SqlInstallDate     = $sqlInstallDate
                WindowsInstallDate = $windowsInstallDate
            }

            if ($IncludeWindows) {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, SqlInstallDate, WindowsInstallDate
            }
            else {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, SqlInstallDate
            }

        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerProtocol {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on a computer.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on one or more computers.
 
    Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
    The server protocols can be enabled and disabled when retrieved via WSMan.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
   .PARAMETER EnableException
   By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
   This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
   Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
    Tags: Protocol
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerProtocol
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaServerProtocol -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
    Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaServerProtocol
 
    Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaServerProtocol -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview
 
    Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    (Get-DbaServerProtocol -ComputerName sql1 | Where { $_.DisplayName = 'via' }).Disable()
 
    Disables the VIA ServerNetworkProtocol on computer sql1.
    If successful, returncode 0 is shown.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ($Server.FullComputerName) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Server namespace on $computer"
                $namespace = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -NameSpace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "Select * FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE Name Like 'ComputerManagement%'" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
                    Where-Object { (Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $_.Name) -ClassName ServerNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).count -gt 0 } |
                    Sort-Object Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                if ($namespace.Name) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Cim class ServerNetworkProtocol in Namespace $($namespace.Name) on $Computer"
                    try {
                        $prot = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $namespace.Name) -ClassName ServerNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Enable -Value { Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetEnable -InputObject $this }
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Disable -Value { Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetDisable -InputObject $this }
                        foreach ($protocol in $prot) { Select-DefaultView -InputObject $protocol -Property 'PSComputerName as ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'ProtocolDisplayName as DisplayName', 'ProtocolName as Name', 'MultiIpconfigurationSupport as MultiIP', 'Enabled as IsEnabled' }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No Sql ServerNetworkProtocol found on $Computer"
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No ComputerManagement Namespace on $Computer. Please note that this function is available from SQL 2005 up."
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer"
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerRole {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets the list of server-level roles.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets the list of server-level roles for SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER ServerRole
            Server-Level role to filter results to that role only.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeServerRole
            Server-Level role to exclude from results.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeFixedRole
            Filter the fixed server-level roles. Only applies to SQL Server 2017 that supports creation of server-level roles.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ServerRole, Security
            Original Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton)
 
            Website: https: //dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https: //opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerRole
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaServerRole -SqlInstance sql2016a
 
            Outputs list of server-level roles for sql2016a instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaServerRole -SqlInstance sql2017a -ExcludeFixedRole
 
            Outputs the server-level role(s) that are not fixed roles on sql2017a instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ServerRole,
        [object[]]$ExcludeServerRole,
        [switch]$ExcludeFixedRole,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $roles = $server.Roles

            if ($ServerRole) {
                $roles = $roles | Where-Object Name -In $ServerRole
            }
            if ($ExcludeServerRole) {
                $roles = $roles | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeServerRole
            }
            if ($ExcludeFixedRole) {
                $roles = $roles | Where-Object IsFixedRole -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($role in $roles) {
                $members = $role.EnumMemberNames()

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Login -Value $members
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                $default = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name as Role', 'IsFixedRole', 'DateCreated', 'DateModified'
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $role -Property $default
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns all server level system configuration (sys.configuration/sp_configure) information
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns server level system configuration (sys.configuration/sp_configure) information. The information is gathered through SMO Configuration.Properties.
            The data includes the default value for each configuration, for quick identification of values that may have been changed.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a
            collection and receive pipeline input
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER ConfigName
            Return only specific configurations -- auto-populated from source server
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Nic Cain, https://sirsql.net/
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSpConfigure
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns server level configuration data on the localhost (ServerName, ConfigName, DisplayName, Description, IsAdvanced, IsDynamic, MinValue, MaxValue, ConfiguredValue, RunningValue, DefaultValue, IsRunningDefaultValue)
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaSpConfigure
 
            Returns system configuration information on multiple instances piped into the function
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns server level configuration data on the localhost (ServerName, ConfigName, DisplayName, Description, IsAdvanced, IsDynamic, MinValue, MaxValue, ConfiguredValue, RunningValue, DefaultValue, IsRunningDefaultValue)
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sql2012 -ConfigName MaxServerMemory
 
            Returns only the system configuration for MaxServerMemory. Configs is auto-populated for tabbing convenience.
        #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Config")]
        [object[]]$ConfigName
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Failed to connect to: $instance"
                continue
            }

            #Get a list of the configuration property parents, and exclude the Parent, Properties values
            $proplist = Get-Member -InputObject $server.Configuration -MemberType Property -Force | Select-Object Name | Where-Object { $_.Name -ne "Parent" -and $_.Name -ne "Properties" }

            if ($ConfigName) {
                $proplist = $proplist | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $ConfigName }
            }

            #Grab the default sp_configure property values from the external function
            $defaultConfigs = (Get-SqlDefaultSpConfigure -SqlVersion $server.VersionMajor).psobject.properties;

            #Iterate through the properties to get the configuration settings
            foreach ($prop in $proplist) {
                $propInfo = $server.Configuration.$($prop.Name)
                $defaultConfig = $defaultConfigs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $propInfo.DisplayName };

                if ($defaultConfig.Value -eq $propInfo.RunValue) { $isDefault = $true }
                else { $isDefault = $false }

                #Ignores properties that are not valid on this version of SQL
                if (!([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($propInfo.RunValue))) {
                    # some displaynames were empty
                    $displayname = $propInfo.DisplayName
                    if ($displayname.Length -eq 0) { $displayname = $prop.Name }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ServerName            = $server.Name
                        ConfigName            = $prop.Name
                        DisplayName           = $displayname
                        Description           = $propInfo.Description
                        IsAdvanced            = $propInfo.IsAdvanced
                        IsDynamic             = $propInfo.IsDynamic
                        MinValue              = $propInfo.Minimum
                        MaxValue              = $propInfo.Maximum
                        ConfiguredValue       = $propInfo.ConfigValue
                        RunningValue          = $propInfo.RunValue
                        DefaultValue          = $defaultConfig.Value
                        IsRunningDefaultValue = $isDefault
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaSpn {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns a list of set service principal names for a given computer/AD account
 
.DESCRIPTION
Get a list of set SPNs. SPNs are set at the AD account level. You can either retrieve set SPNs for a computer, or any SPNs set for
a given active directory account. You can query one, or both. You'll get a list of every SPN found for either search term.
 
.PARAMETER ComputerName
The servers you want to return set SPNs for. This is defaulted automatically to localhost.
 
.PARAMETER AccountName
The accounts you want to retrieve set SPNs for.
 
.PARAMETER Credential
User credential to connect to the remote servers or active directory.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: SPN
Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com
 
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSpn
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSpn -ServerName SQLSERVERA -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
Returns a custom object with SearchTerm (ServerName) and the SPNs that were found
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSpn -AccountName domain\account -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
Returns a custom object with SearchTerm (domain account) and the SPNs that were found
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSpn -ServerName SQLSERVERA,SQLSERVERB -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
Returns a custom object with SearchTerm (ServerName) and the SPNs that were found for multiple computers
#>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]$ComputerName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string[]]$AccountName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Function Process-Account ($AccountName) {

            ForEach ($account in $AccountName) {
                Write-Message -Message "Looking for account $account..." -Level Verbose
                $searchfor = 'User'
                if ($account.EndsWith('$')) {
                    $searchfor = 'Computer'
                }
                try {
                    $Result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $account -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($Account)." -Level Warning
                    continue
                }
                if ($Result.Count -gt 0) {
                    try {
                        $results = $Result.GetUnderlyingObject()
                        $spns = $results.Properties.servicePrincipalName
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "The SQL Service account ($Account) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its SPNs" -Level Warning
                        continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Message "The SQL Service account ($Account) has not been found" -Level Warning
                    continue
                }

                foreach ($spn in $spns) {
                    if ($spn -match "\:") {
                        try {
                            $port = [int]($spn -Split "\:")[1]
                        }
                        catch {
                            $port = $null
                        }
                        if ($spn -match "\/") {
                            $serviceclass = ($spn -Split "\/")[0]
                        }
                    }
                    [pscustomobject] @{
                        Input        = $Account
                        AccountName  = $Account
                        ServiceClass = "MSSQLSvc" # $serviceclass
                        Port         = $port
                        SPN          = $spn
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if ($ComputerName.Count -eq 0 -and $AccountName.Count -eq 0) {
            $ComputerName = @($env:COMPUTERNAME)
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            if ($computer) {
                if ($computer.EndsWith('$')) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$computer is an account name. Processing as account." -Level Verbose
                    Process-Account -AccountName $computer
                    continue
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Getting SQL Server SPN for $computer" -Level Verbose
            $spns = Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential

            $sqlspns = 0
            $spncount = $spns.count
            Write-Message -Message "Calculated $spncount SQL SPN entries that should exist for $computer" -Level Verbose
            foreach ($spn in $spns | Where-Object { $_.IsSet -eq $true }) {
                $sqlspns++

                if ($accountName) {
                    if ($accountName -eq $spn.InstanceServiceAccount) {
                        [pscustomobject] @{
                            Input        = $computer
                            AccountName  = $spn.InstanceServiceAccount
                            ServiceClass = "MSSQLSvc"
                            Port         = $spn.Port
                            SPN          = $spn.RequiredSPN
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    [pscustomobject] @{
                        Input        = $computer
                        AccountName  = $spn.InstanceServiceAccount
                        ServiceClass = "MSSQLSvc"
                        Port         = $spn.Port
                        SPN          = $spn.RequiredSPN
                    }
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Found $sqlspns set SQL SPN entries for $computer" -Level Verbose
        }

        if ($AccountName) {
            foreach ($account in $AccountName) {
                Process-Account -AccountName $account
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlBuildReference {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns SQL Server Build infos on a SQL instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns info about the specific build of a SQL instance, including the SP, the CU and the reference KB, wherever possible.
        It also includes End Of Support dates as specified on Microsoft Lifecycle Policy
 
    .PARAMETER Build
        Instead of connecting to a real instance, pass a string identifying the build to get the info back.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target any number of instances, in order to return their build state.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        When connecting to an instance, use the credentials specified.
 
    .PARAMETER Update
        Looks online for the most up to date reference, replacing the local one.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlBuildReference -Build "12.00.4502"
 
        Returns information about a build identified by "12.00.4502" (which is SQL 2014 with SP1 and CU11)
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlBuildReference -Build "12.00.4502" -Update
 
        Returns information about a build trying to fetch the most up to date index online. When the online version is newer, the local one gets overwritten
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlBuildReference -Build "12.0.4502","10.50.4260"
 
        Returns information builds identified by these versions strings
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Get-DbaSqlBuildReference
 
        Integrate with other commandlets to have builds checked for all your registered servers on sqlserver2014a
 
    .NOTES
        Author: niphlod
        Editor: Fred
        Tags: SqlBuild
 
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlBuildReference
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [version[]]
        $Build,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,

        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [switch]
        $Update,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Helper functions
        function Get-DbaSqlBuildReferenceIndex {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [string]
                $Moduledirectory,

                [bool]
                $Update,

                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )

            $orig_idxfile = "$Moduledirectory\bin\dbatools-buildref-index.json"
            $DbatoolsData = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'Path.DbatoolsData'
            $writable_idxfile = Join-Path $DbatoolsData "dbatools-buildref-index.json"

            if (-not (Test-Path $orig_idxfile)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Unable to read local SQL build reference file. Check your module integrity!"
            }

            if ((-not (Test-Path $orig_idxfile)) -and (-not (Test-Path $writable_idxfile))) {
                throw "Build reference file not found, check module health!"
            }

            # If no writable copy exists, create one and return the module original
            if (-not (Test-Path $writable_idxfile)) {
                Copy-Item -Path $orig_idxfile -Destination $writable_idxfile -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                $result = Get-Content $orig_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
            }

            # Else, if both exist, update the writeable if necessary and return the current version
            elseif (Test-Path $orig_idxfile) {
                $module_content = Get-Content $orig_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
                $data_content = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json

                $module_time = Get-Date $module_content.LastUpdated
                $data_time = Get-Date $data_content.LastUpdated

                $offline_time = $module_time
                if ($module_time -gt $data_time) {
                    Copy-Item -Path $orig_idxfile -Destination $writable_idxfile -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                    $result = $module_content
                }
                else {
                    $result = $data_content
                    $offline_time = $data_time
                }
                # If Update is passed, try to fetch from online resource and store into the writeable
                if ($Update) {
                    $WebContent = Get-DbaSqlBuildReferenceIndexOnline -EnableException $EnableException
                    if ($null -ne $WebContent) {
                        $webdata_content = $WebContent.Content | ConvertFrom-Json
                        $webdata_time = Get-Date $webdata_content.LastUpdated
                        if ($webdata_time -gt $offline_time) {
                            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Index updated correctly, last update on: $(Get-Date -Date $webdata_time -Format s), was $(Get-Date -Date $offline_time -Format s)"
                            $WebContent.Content | Out-File $writable_idxfile -Encoding utf8 -ErrorAction Stop
                            $result = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            # Else if the module version of the file no longer exists, but the writable version exists, return the writable version
            else {
                $result = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
            }

            $LastUpdated = Get-Date -Date $result.LastUpdated
            if ($LastUpdated -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-45)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Index is stale, last update on: $(Get-Date -Date $LastUpdated -Format s), try the -Update parameter to fetch the most up to date index"
            }

            $result.Data | Select-Object @{ Name = "VersionObject"; Expression = { [version]$_.Version } }, *
        }

        function Get-DbaSqlBuildReferenceIndexOnline {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )
            $url = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'assets.sqlbuildreference'
            try {
                $WebContent = Invoke-WebRequest $url -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Probably using a proxy for internet access, trying default proxy settings"
                    (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                    $WebContent = Invoke-WebRequest $url -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Couldn't download updated index from $url"
                    return
                }
            }
            return $WebContent
        }

        function Resolve-DbaSqlBuild {
            [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
            [CmdletBinding()]
            [OutputType([System.Collections.Hashtable])]
            Param (
                [version]
                $Build,

                $Data,

                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Looking for $Build"

            $IdxVersion = $Data | Where-Object Version -like "$($Build.Major).$($Build.Minor).*"
            $Detected = @{ }
            $Detected.MatchType = 'Approximate'
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -EnableException $EnableException -Message "We have $($IdxVersion.Length) builds in store for this Release"
            If ($IdxVersion.Length -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No info in store for this Release"
                $Detected.Warning = "No info in store for this Release"
            }
            else {
                $LastVer = $IdxVersion[0]
            }
            foreach ($el in $IdxVersion) {
                if ($null -ne $el.Name) {
                    $Detected.Name = $el.Name
                }
                if ($el.VersionObject -gt $Build) {
                    $Detected.MatchType = 'Approximate'
                    $Detected.Warning = "$Build not found, closest build we have is $($LastVer.Version)"
                    break
                }
                $LastVer = $el
                if ($null -ne $el.SP) {
                    $Detected.SP = $el.SP
                    $Detected.CU = $null
                }
                if ($null -ne $el.CU) {
                    $Detected.CU = $el.CU
                }
                if ($null -ne $el.SupportedUntil) {
                    $Detected.SupportedUntil = (Get-Date -date $el.SupportedUntil)
                }
                $Detected.KB = $el.KBList
                if ($el.Version -eq $Build) {
                    $Detected.MatchType = 'Exact'
                    break
                }
            }
            return $Detected
        }
        #endregion Helper functions

        $moduledirectory = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Module.ModuleBase

        try {
            $IdxRef = Get-DbaSqlBuildReferenceIndex -Moduledirectory $moduledirectory -Update $Update -EnableException $EnableException
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Error loading SQL build reference" -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            #region Ensure the connection is established
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance" -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $null = $server.Version.ToString()
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            #endregion Ensure the connection is established

            $Detected = Resolve-DbaSqlBuild -Build $server.Version -Data $IdxRef -EnableException $EnableException

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Build          = $server.Version
                NameLevel      = $Detected.Name
                SPLevel        = $Detected.SP
                CULevel        = $Detected.CU
                KBLevel        = $Detected.KB
                SupportedUntil = $Detected.SupportedUntil
                MatchType      = $Detected.MatchType
                Warning        = $Detected.Warning
            }
        }

        foreach ($buildstr in $Build) {
            $Detected = Resolve-DbaSqlBuild -Build $buildstr -Data $IdxRef -EnableException $EnableException

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance    = $null
                Build          = $buildstr
                NameLevel      = $Detected.Name
                SPLevel        = $Detected.SP
                CULevel        = $Detected.CU
                KBLevel        = $Detected.KB
                SupportedUntil = $Detected.SupportedUntil
                MatchType      = $Detected.MatchType
                Warning        = $Detected.Warning
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SqlInstance
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Instance properties of one or more instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty command gets SQL Instance properties from the SMO object sqlserver.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns SQL Instance properties on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty -SqlInstance sql2, sql4\sqlexpress
 
            Returns SQL Instance properties on default instance on sql2 and sqlexpress instance on sql4
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sql2','sql4' | Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty
 
            Returns SQL Instance properties on sql2 and sql4
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
            Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty -SqlInstance sql2 -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Connects using sqladmin credential and returns SQL Instance properties from sql2
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                foreach ($prop in $server.Information.Properties) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PropertyType -Value 'Information'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, PropertyType
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering information properties for $instance." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            try {
                foreach ($prop in $server.Useroptions.Properties) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PropertyType -Value 'UserOption'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, PropertyType
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering user options for $instance." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            try {
                foreach ($prop in $server.Settings.Properties) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PropertyType -Value 'Setting'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, PropertyType
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering settings for $instance." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets SQL Instance user options of one or more instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
.DESCRIPTION
 The Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption command gets SQL Instance user options from the SMO object sqlserver.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas)
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption -SqlInstance localhost
Returns SQL Instance user options on the local default SQL Server instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption -SqlInstance sql2, sql4\sqlexpress
Returns SQL Instance user options on default instance on sql2 and sqlexpress instance on sql4
 
.EXAMPLE
'sql2','sql4' | Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption
Returns SQL Instance user options on sql2 and sql4
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $props = $server.useroptions.properties
            foreach ($prop in $props) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the "SQL Error Log" of an instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the "SQL Error Log" of an instance. Returns all 10 error logs by default.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance, or instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER LogNumber
        An Int32 value that specifies the index number of the error log required.
        Error logs are listed 0 through 99, where 0 is the current error log and 99 is potential oldest log file.
 
        SQL Server errorlog rollover defaults to 6, but can be increased to 99. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/scm-services-configure-sql-server-error-logs
 
    .PARAMETER Source
        Filter results based on the Source of the error (e.g. Logon, Server, etc.)
 
    .PARAMETER Text
        Filter results based on a pattern of text (e.g. "login failed", "error: 12345").
 
    .PARAMETER After
        Filter the results based on datetime value.
 
    .PARAMETER Before
        Filter the results based on datetime value.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlLog
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
 
        Returns every log entry from sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -LogNumber 3, 6
 
        Returns all log entries for log number 3 and 6 on sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Source Logon
 
        Returns every log entry, with a source of Logon, from sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -LogNumber 3 -Text "login failed"
 
        Returns every log entry for log number 3, with "login failed" in the text, from sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        $servers | Get-DbaSqlLog -LogNumber 0
 
        Returns the most recent SQL Server error logs for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -After '11/14/2006 00:00'
 
        Returns every log entry found after the date 11/14/2006 00:00 from sql101\sharepoint SQL Server instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Before '08/16/2016 00:00'
 
        Returns every log entry found before the date 08/16/2016 00:00 from sql101\sharepoint SQL Server instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateRange(0, 99)]
        [int[]]$LogNumber,
        [object[]]$Source,
        [string]$Text,
        [datetime]$After,
        [datetime]$Before,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($LogNumber) {
                foreach ($number in $lognumber) {
                    foreach ($object in $server.ReadErrorLog($number)) {
                        if ( ($Source -and $object.ProcessInfo -ne $Source) -or ($Text -and $object.Text -notlike "*$Text*") -or ($After -and $object.LogDate -lt $After) -or ($Before -and $object.LogDate -gt $Before) ) {
                            continue
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                        # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, 'ProcessInfo as Source', Text
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                foreach ($object in $server.ReadErrorLog()) {
                    if ( ($Source -and $object.ProcessInfo -ne $Source) -or ($Text -and $object.Text -notlike "*$Text*") -or ($After -and $object.LogDate -lt $After) -or ($Before -and $object.LogDate -gt $Before) ) {
                        continue
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                    # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, 'ProcessInfo as Source', Text
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlManagementObject {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets SQL Mangaement Object versions installed on the machine.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Get-DbaSqlManagementObject returns an object with the Version and the
            Add-Type Load Template for each version on the server.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The name of the target you would like to check
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            This command uses Windows credentials. This parameter allows you to connect remotely as a different user.
 
        .PARAMETER VersionNumber
            This is the specific version number you are looking for. The function will look
            for that version only.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SMO
            Author: Ben Miller (@DBAduck - http://dbaduck.com)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlManagementObject
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSqlManagementObject
 
            Returns all versions of SMO on the computer
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaSqlManagementObject -VersionNumber 13
 
            Returns just the version specified. If the version does not exist then it will return nothing.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [int]$VersionNumber,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (!$VersionNumber) {
            $VersionNumber = 0
        }
        $scriptblock = {
            $VersionNumber = [int]$args[0]

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking currently loaded SMO version"
            $loadedversion = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }
            if ($loadedversion) {
                $loadedversion = $loadedversion | ForEach-Object {
                    if ($_.Location -match "__") {
                        ((Split-Path (Split-Path $_.Location) -Leaf) -split "__")[0]
                    }
                    else {
                        ((Get-ChildItem -Path $_.Location).VersionInfo.ProductVersion)
                    }
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking for included smo library"
            $localversion = [version](Get-ChildItem -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll").VersionInfo.ProductVersion

            foreach ($version in $localversion) {
                if ($VersionNumber -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Did not pass a version"
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $localversion
                        Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $localversion
                        LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -Path $("$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll")"
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Passed version $VersionNumber, looking for that specific version"
                    if ($localversion.ToString().StartsWith("$VersionNumber.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found the Version $VersionNumber"
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                            Version      = $localversion
                            Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $localversion
                            LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -Path $("$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll")"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking for SMO in the Global Assembly Cache"
            $smolist = (Get-ChildItem -Path "$env:SystemRoot\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo" | Sort-Object Name -Descending).Name

            foreach ($version in $smolist) {
                $array = $version.Split("__")
                if ($VersionNumber -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Did not pass a version, looking for all versions"
                    $currentversion = $array[0]
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $currentversion
                        Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $currentversion
                        LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -AssemblyName `"Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo, Version=$($array[0]), Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91`""
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Passed version $VersionNumber, looking for that specific version"
                    if ($array[0].StartsWith("$VersionNumber.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found the Version $VersionNumber"
                        $currentversion = $array[0]
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                            Version      = $currentversion
                            Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $currentversion
                            LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -AssemblyName `"Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo, Version=$($array[0]), Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91`""
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $VersionNumber -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlModule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Displays all objects in sys.sys_modules after specified modification date. Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Quickly find modules (Stored Procs, Functions, Views, Constraints, Rules, Triggers, etc) that have been modified in a database, or across all databases.
    Results will exclude the module definition, but can be queried explicitly.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
    $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
    Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    The database(s) to exclude.
 
    .PARAMETER ModifiedSince
    DateTime value to use as minimum modified date of module.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    Limit by specific type of module. Valid choices include: View, TableValuedFunction, DefaultConstraint, StoredProcedure, Rule, InlineTableValuedFunction, Trigger, ScalarFunction
 
    .PARAMETER NoSystemDb
    Allows you to suppress output on system databases
 
    .PARAMETER NoSystemObjects
    Allows you to suppress output on system objects
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net
    Tags: StoredProcedure, Trigger
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlModule
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlModule -SqlServer sql2008, sqlserver2012
    Return all modules for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 sorted by Database, Modify_Date ASC.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlModule -SqlServer sql2008, sqlserver2012 | Select *
    Shows hidden definition column (informative wall of text).
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlModule -SqlServer sql2008 -Database TestDB -ModifiedSince "01/01/2017 10:00:00 AM"
    Return all modules on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database with a modified date after 01/01/2017 10:00:00 AM.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlModule -SqlServer sql2008 -Type View, Trigger, ScalarFunction
    Return all modules on server sql2008 for all databases that are triggers, views or scalar functions.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$ModifiedSince = "01/01/1900",
        [ValidateSet("View", "TableValuedFunction", "DefaultConstraint", "StoredProcedure", "Rule", "InlineTableValuedFunction", "Trigger", "ScalarFunction")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch]$NoSystemDb,
        [switch]$NoSystemObjects,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $types = @()

        foreach ($t in $type) {
            if ($t -eq "View") { $types += "VIEW" }
            if ($t -eq "TableValuedFunction") { $types += "SQL_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" }
            if ($t -eq "DefaultConstraint") { $types += "DEFAULT_CONSTRAINT" }
            if ($t -eq "StoredProcedure") { $types += "SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE" }
            if ($t -eq "Rule") { $types += "RULE" }
            if ($t -eq "InlineTableValuedFunction") { $types += "SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" }
            if ($t -eq "Trigger") { $types += "SQL_TRIGGER" }
            if ($t -eq "ScalarFunction") { $types += "SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION" }
        }


        $sql = "SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName,
        so.name AS ModuleName,
        so.object_id ,
        SCHEMA_NAME(so.schema_id) AS SchemaName ,
        so.parent_object_id ,
        so.type ,
        so.type_desc ,
        so.create_date ,
        so.modify_date ,
        so.is_ms_shipped ,
        sm.definition,
         OBJECTPROPERTY(so.object_id, 'ExecIsStartUp') as startup
        FROM sys.sql_modules sm
        LEFT JOIN sys.objects so ON sm.object_id = so.object_id
        WHERE so.modify_date >= '$($ModifiedSince)'"
        if ($NoSystemObjects) {
            $sql += "`n AND so.is_ms_shipped = 0"
        }
        if ($Type) {
            $sqltypes = $types -join "','"
            $sql += " AND type_desc in ('$sqltypes')"
        }
        $sql += "`n ORDER BY so.modify_date"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }


            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Target $db -Continue
                }

                foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql, $db.name)) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database      = $row.DatabaseName
                        Name          = $row.ModuleName
                        ObjectID      = $row.object_id
                        SchemaName    = $row.SchemaName
                        Type          = $row.type_desc
                        CreateDate    = $row.create_date
                        ModifyDate    = $row.modify_date
                        IsMsShipped   = $row.is_ms_shipped
                        ExecIsStartUp = $row.startup
                        Definition    = $row.definition
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Definition
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlProductKey {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets SQL Server Product Keys from local or destination SQL Servers. Works with SQL Server 2005-2016
 
.DESCRIPTION
Using a string of servers, a text file, or Central Management Server to provide a list of servers, this script will go to each server and get the product key for all installed instances. Clustered instances are supported as well. Requires regular user access to the SQL instances, SMO installed locally, Remote Registry enabled and accessible by the account running the script.
 
Uses key decoder by Jakob Bindslet (http://goo.gl/1jiwcB)
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstances
A comma separated list of servers. This can be the NetBIOS name, IP, or SQL instance name
 
.PARAMETER SqlCms
Compiles list of servers to inventory using all servers stored within a Central Management Server. Requires having SQL Management Studio installed.
 
.PARAMETER ServersFromFile
Uses a text file as input. The file must be formatted as such:
sqlserver1
sqlserver2
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
$cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.NOTES
Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
Tags: SQL, Product Key
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlProductKey
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlProductKey winxp, sqlservera, sqlserver2014a, win2k8
Gets SQL Server versions, editions and product keys for all instances within each server or workstation.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlProductKey -SqlCms sqlserver01
Gets SQL Server versions, editions and product keys for all instances within sqlserver01's Central Management Server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlProductKey -ServersFromFile C:\Scripts\servers.txt
Gets SQL Server versions, editions and product keys for all instances listed within C:\Scripts\servers.txt
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [string[]]$SqlInstances,
        # Central Management Server

        [string]$SqlCms,
        # File with one server per line

        [string]$ServersFromFile,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    BEGIN {

        Function Unlock-SqlInstanceKey {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [byte[]]$data,
                [int]$version
            )
            try {
                if ($version -ge 11) { $binArray = ($data)[0..66] }
                else { $binArray = ($data)[52..66] }
                $charsArray = "B", "C", "D", "F", "G", "H", "J", "K", "M", "P", "Q", "R", "T", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9"
                for ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
                    $k = 0
                    for ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
                        $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
                        $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
                        $k = $k % 24
                    }
                    $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
                    if (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
                        $productKey = "-" + $productKey
                    }
                }
            }
            catch { $productkey = "Cannot decode product key." }
            return $productKey
        }
    }

    PROCESS {

        if ($SqlCms) {
            if ($null -eq [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers"))
            { throw "Can't load CMS assemblies. You must have SQL Server Management Studio installed to use the -SqlCms switch." }

            Write-Verbose "Gathering SQL Servers names from Central Management Server"
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlCms -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            $sqlconnection = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject

            try { $cmstore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServersStore($sqlconnection) }
            catch { throw "Cannot access Central Management Server" }
            $dbstore = $cmstore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup
            $SqlInstances = $dbstore.GetDescendantRegisteredServers().servername
            # Add the CM server itself, which can't be stored in the CM server.
            $servers += $SqlCms
            $basenames = @()
            foreach ($server in $SqlInstances) { $basenames += $server.Split("\")[0] }
            $SqlInstances = $basenames | Get-Unique
        }

        If ($ServersFromFile) {
            if ((Test-Path $ServersFromFile) -eq $false) { throw "Could not find file: $ServersFromFile" }
            $SqlInstances = Get-Content $ServersFromFile
        }

        if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($SqlInstances)) { $SqlInstances = $env:computername }

        $basepath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server"
        # Loop through each server
        $objectCollection = @()
        foreach ($servername in $SqlInstances) {
            $servername = $servername.Split("\")[0]

            if ($servername -eq "." -or $servername -eq "localhost" -or $servername -eq $env:computername) {
                $localmachine = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryHive]::LocalMachine
                $defaultview = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Default
                $reg = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenBaseKey($localmachine, $defaultview)
            }
            else {
                # Get IP for remote registry access. It's the most reliable.
                try { $ipaddr = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($servername)).IPAddressToString }
                catch { Write-Warning "Can't resolve $servername. Skipping."; continue }

                try {
                    $reg = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenRemoteBaseKey("LocalMachine", $ipaddr)
                }
                catch { Write-Warning "Can't access registry for $servername. Is the Remote Registry service started?"; continue }
            }

            $instances = $reg.OpenSubKey("$basepath\Instance Names\SQL", $false)
            if ($instances -eq $null) { Write-Warning "No instances found on $servername. Skipping."; continue }
            # Get Product Keys for all instances on the server.
            foreach ($instance in $instances.GetValueNames()) {
                if ($instance -eq "MSSQLSERVER") { $SqlInstance = $servername }
                else { $SqlInstance = "$servername\$instance" }

                $subkeys = $reg.OpenSubKey("$basepath", $false)
                $instancekey = $subkeys.GetSubKeynames() | Where-Object { $_ -like "*.$instance" }
                if ($null -eq $instancekey) { $instancekey = $instance } # SQL 2k5

                # Cluster instance hostnames are required for SMO connection
                $cluster = $reg.OpenSubKey("$basepath\$instancekey\Cluster", $false)
                if ($cluster -ne $null) {
                    $clustername = $cluster.GetValue("ClusterName")
                    if ($instance -eq "MSSQLSERVER") { $SqlInstance = $clustername }
                    else { $SqlInstance = "$clustername\$instance" }
                }

                Write-Verbose "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance"
                try { $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential }
                catch { Write-Warning "Can't connect to $SqlInstance or access denied. Skipping."; continue }

                $servicePack = $server.ProductLevel
                Write-Debug "$servername $instance version is $($server.VersionMajor)"
                switch ($server.VersionMajor) {
                    9 {
                        $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2005 $servicePack"
                        $findkeys = $reg.OpenSubKey("$basepath\90\ProductID", $false)
                        foreach ($findkey in $findkeys.GetValueNames()) {
                            if ($findkey -like "DigitalProductID*") { $key = "$basepath\90\ProductID\$findkey" }
                        }
                    }
                    10 {
                        $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2008 $servicePack"
                        $key = "$basepath\MSSQL10"
                        if ($server.VersionMinor -eq 50) { $key += "_50"; $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2008 R2 $servicePack" }
                        $key += ".$instance\Setup\DigitalProductID"
                    }
                    11 { $key = "$basepath\110\Tools\Setup\DigitalProductID"; $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2012 $servicePack" }
                    12 { $key = "$basepath\120\Tools\Setup\DigitalProductID"; $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2014 $servicePack" }
                    13 { $key = "$basepath\130\Tools\Setup\DigitalProductID"; $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2016 $servicePack" }
                    default { Write-Warning "SQL version not currently supported."; continue }
                }
                if ($server.Edition -notlike "*Express*") {
                    try {
                        $subkey = Split-Path $key; $binaryvalue = Split-Path $key -leaf
                        $binarykey = $($reg.OpenSubKey($subkey)).GetValue($binaryvalue)
                    }
                    catch { $sqlkey = "Could not connect." }
                    try { $sqlkey = Unlock-SqlInstanceKey $binarykey $server.VersionMajor }
                    catch { }
                }
                else { $sqlkey = "SQL Server Express Edition" }
                $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()

                $object = New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    "SQL Instance" = $SqlInstance
                    "SQL Version"  = $sqlversion
                    "SQL Edition"  = $server.Edition
                    "Product Key"  = $sqlkey
                }
                $objectCollection += $object
            }
            $reg.Close()
        }
        $objectCollection | Select "SQL Instance", "SQL Version", "SQL Edition", "Product Key"
    }

    END {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlServerKey
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlRegistryRoot {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Uses SQL WMI to find the Registry Root of each SQL Server instance on a computer
 
.DESCRIPTION
Uses SQL WMI to find the Registry Root of each SQL Server instance on a computer
 
.PARAMETER ComputerName
The target computer. This is not a SQL Server service, though if you pass a named SQL instance, it'll parse properly down to the computer name
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative Windows credentials
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Configuration, Registry
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlRegistryRoot
Gets the registry root for all instances on localhost
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSqlRegistryRoot -ComputerName server1
 
Gets the registry root for all instances on server1
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $($computer.ComputerName)"
            try {
                $sqlwmis = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -match "SQL Server \("
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message $_ -Target $sqlwmi -Continue
            }

            foreach ($sqlwmi in $sqlwmis) {

                $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
                $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(

                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                    $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                    if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                        $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                        $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                        return
                    }
                }

                # vsname takes care of clusters
                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) {
                    $vsname = $computer
                    if ($instancename -ne "MSSQLSERVER") {
                        $vsname = "$computer\$instancename"
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Regroot: $regroot"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "InstanceName: $instancename"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VSNAME: $vsname"

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $instancename
                    SqlInstance  = $vsname
                    Hive         = "HKLM"
                    Path         = $regroot
                    RegistryRoot = "HKLM:\$regroot"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSqlService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets the SQL Server related services on a computer.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Gets the SQL Server related services on one or more computers.
 
    Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
    .PARAMETER InstanceName
    Only returns services that belong to the specific instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
    Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceName
    Can be used to specify service names explicitly, without looking for service types/instances.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags:
    Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSqlService
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaSqlService
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $services = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Agent,Engine
    $services.ChangeStartMode('Manual')
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services of types Sql Agent and DB Engine on computer sql1 and changes their startup mode to 'Manual'.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    (Get-DbaSqlService sql1 -Type Engine).Restart($true)
 
    Calls a Restart method for each Engine service on computer sql1 with -Force option.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Search")]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Search")]
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Search")]
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServiceName")]
        [string[]]$ServiceName,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        #Dictionary to transform service type IDs into the names from Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Wmi.ManagedComputer.Services.Type
        $ServiceIdMap = @(
            @{ Name = "Engine"; Id = 1 },
            @{ Name = "Agent"; Id = 2 },
            @{ Name = "FullText"; Id = 3, 9 },
            @{ Name = "SSIS"; Id = 4 },
            @{ Name = "SSAS"; Id = 5 },
            @{ Name = "SSRS"; Id = 6 },
            @{ Name = "Browser"; Id = 7 },
            @{ Name = "Unknown"; Id = 8 }
        )
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'Search') {
            if ($Type) {
                $searchClause = ""
                foreach ($itemType in $Type) {
                    foreach ($id in ($ServiceIdMap | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $itemType }).Id) {
                        if ($searchClause) { $searchClause += ' OR ' }
                        $searchClause += "SQLServiceType = $id"
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                $searchClause = "SQLServiceType > 0"
            }
        }
        elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'ServiceName') {
            if ($ServiceName) {
                $searchClause = ""
                foreach ($sn in $ServiceName) {
                    if ($searchClause) { $searchClause += ' OR ' }
                    $searchClause += "ServiceName = '$sn'"
                }
            }
            else {
                $searchClause = "SQLServiceType > 0"
            }
        }
    }
    PROCESS {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ($Server.FullComputerName) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Getting SQL Server namespace on $Computer" -Target $Computer
                try { $namespaces = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -NameSpace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "Select Name FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE Name Like 'ComputerManagement%'" -EnableException -Credential $credential | Sort-Object Name -Descending }
                catch { }
                if ($namespaces) {
                    $servicesTemp = @()

                    ForEach ($namespace in $namespaces) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Cim class SqlService in Namespace $($namespace.Name) on $Computer." -Target $Computer
                            foreach ($service in (Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace "root\Microsoft\SQLServer\$($namespace.Name)" -Query "SELECT * FROM SqlService WHERE $searchClause" -EnableException -Credential $credential)) {
                                $servicesTemp += New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                                    Name      = $service.ServiceName
                                    Namespace = $namespace.Name
                                    Service   = $service
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to acquire services from namespace $($namespace.Name)." -Target $Computer
                        }
                    }

                    $services = ($servicesTemp | Group-Object Name | ForEach-Object { $_.Group | Sort-Object Namespace -Descending | Select-Object -First 1 }).Service

                    if ($services) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Creating output objects"
                        ForEach ($service in $services) {
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $service.HostName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ServiceType -Value ($ServiceIdMap | Where-Object { $_.Id -contains $service.SQLServiceType }).Name
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name State -Value $(switch ($service.State) { 1 { 'Stopped' } 2 { 'Start Pending' }  3 { 'Stop Pending' } 4 { 'Running' } })
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name StartMode -Value $(switch ($service.StartMode) { 1 { 'Unknown' } 2 { 'Automatic' }  3 { 'Manual' } 4 { 'Disabled' } })

                            if ($service.ServiceName -in ("MSSQLSERVER", "SQLSERVERAGENT", "ReportServer", "MSSQLServerOLAPService")) {
                                $instance = "MSSQLSERVER"
                            }
                            else {
                                if ($service.ServiceType -in @("Agent", "Engine", "SSRS", "SSAS")) {
                                    if ($service.ServiceName.indexof('$') -ge 0) {
                                        $instance = $service.ServiceName.split('$')[1]
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        $instance = "Unknown"
                                    }
                                }
                                else {
                                    $instance = ""
                                }
                            }
                            $priority = switch ($service.ServiceType) {
                                "Engine" { 200 }
                                default { 100 }
                            }
                            #If only specific instances are selected
                            if (!$InstanceName -or $instance -in $InstanceName) {
                                #Add other properties and methods
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName InstanceName -NotePropertyValue $instance
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName ServicePriority -NotePropertyValue $priority
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "Stop" -Value {
                                    Param ([bool]$Force = $false)
                                    Stop-DbaSqlService -ServiceCollection $this -Force:$Force
                                }
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "Start" -Value { Start-DbaSqlService -ServiceCollection $this }
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "Restart" -Value {
                                    Param ([bool]$Force = $false)
                                    Restart-DbaSqlService -ServiceCollection $this -Force:$Force
                                }
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "ChangeStartMode" -Value {
                                    Param (
                                        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                                        [string]$Mode
                                    )
                                    $supportedModes = @("Automatic", "Manual", "Disabled")
                                    if ($Mode -notin $supportedModes) {
                                        Stop-Function -Message ("Incorrect mode '$Mode'. Use one of the following values: {0}" -f ($supportedModes -join ' | ')) -EnableException $false -FunctionName 'Get-DbaSqlService'
                                        Return
                                    }
                                    Set-ServiceStartMode -ServiceCollection $this -Mode $Mode -ErrorAction Stop
                                    $this.StartMode = $Mode
                                }
                                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $service -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, ServiceType, InstanceName, DisplayName, StartName, State, StartMode -TypeName DbaSqlService
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No Sql Services found on $Computer" -Continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No ComputerManagement Namespace on $Computer. Please note that this function is available from SQL 2005 up." -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
This command gets specified SSIS Environment and all its variables
 
.DESCRIPTION
This command gets all variables from specified environment from SSIS Catalog. All sensitive values are decrypted.
The function communicates directly with SSISDB database, "SQL Server Integration Services" service isn't queried there.
Each parameter (besides SqlInstance and SqlCredential) acts as the filter to only include or exclude particular element
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Environment
The SSIS Environments names that we want to get variables from
 
.PARAMETER EnvironmentExclude
The SSIS Environments to exclude. Acts as a filter for environments, best used without 'Environment' parameter
to get variables for all environments but excluded ones
 
.PARAMETER Folder
The Folders names that contain the environments
 
.PARAMETER FolderExclude
The Folders names to exclude. Acts as a filter for folders containing environments, best user without 'Folder' parameter
to get variables for all folders but excluded ones
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV -Folder DWH_ETL
 
Gets variables of 'DEV' environment located in 'DWH_ETL' folder on 'localhost' Server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV -Folder DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA
 
Gets variables of 'DEV' environment(s) located in folders 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV -FolderExclude DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA
 
Gets variables of 'DEV' environments located in folders other than 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV, PROD -Folder DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA
 
Gets variables of 'DEV' and 'PROD' environment(s) located in folders 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD -Folder DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA
 
Gets variables of environments other than 'DEV' and 'PROD' located in folders 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD -FolderExclude DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA
 
Gets variables of environments other than 'DEV' and 'PROD' located in folders other than 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server
 
.EXAMPLE
'localhost' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD
 
Gets all SSIS environments except 'DEV' and 'PROD' from 'localhost' server. The server name comes from pipeline
 
.EXAMPLE
'SRV1', 'SRV3' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable
 
Gets all SSIS environments from 'SRV1' and 'SRV3' servers. The server's names come from pipeline
 
.EXAMPLE
'SRV1', 'SRV2' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable DEV | Out-GridView
 
Gets all variables from 'DEV' Environment(s) on servers 'SRV1' and 'SRV2' and outputs it as the GridView.
The server names come from the pipeline.
 
.EXAMPLE
'localhost' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD | Select-Object -Property Name, Value | Where-Object {$_.Name -match '^a'} | Out-GridView
 
Gets all variables from Environments other than 'DEV' and 'PROD' on 'localhost' server,
selects Name and Value properties for variables that names start with letter 'a' and outputs it as the GridView
 
.NOTES
Tags:
Author: Bartosz Ratajczyk ( @b_ratajczyk )
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('SqlServer', 'ServerInstance')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$Environment,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$EnvironmentExclude,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$Folder,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$FolderExclude,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Message "Connecting to $instance" -Level Verbose
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $ISNamespace = "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices"

                Write-Message -Message "Connecting to SSIS Catalog on $instance" -Level Verbose
                $SSIS = New-Object "$ISNamespace.IntegrationServices" $server
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to SSIS Catalog on $instance or current SMO library does not support SSIS catalog"
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Fetching SSIS Catalog and its folders" -Level Verbose
            $catalog = $SSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SSISDB" }

            # get all folders names if none provided
            if ($null -eq $Folder) {
                $searchFolders = $catalog.Folders.Name
            }
            else {
                $searchFolders = $Folder
            }

            # filter unwanted folders
            if ($FolderExclude) {
                $searchFolders = $searchFolders | Where-Object { $_ -notin $FolderExclude }
            }

            if ($null -eq $searchFolders) {
                Write-Message -Message "Instance: $instance > -Folder and -FolderExclude filters return an empty collection. Skipping" -Level Warning
            }
            else {
                foreach ($f in $searchFolders) {
                    # get all environments names if none provided
                    if ($null -eq $Environment) {
                        $searchEnvironments = $catalog.Folders.Environments.Name
                    }
                    else {
                        $searchEnvironments = $Environment
                    }

                    #filter unwanted environments
                    if ($EnvironmentExclude) {
                        $searchEnvironments = $searchEnvironments | Where-Object { $_ -notin $EnvironmentExclude }
                    }

                    if ($null -eq $searchEnvironments) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Instance: $instance / Folder: $f > -Environment and -EnvironmentExclude filters return an empty collection. Skipping." -Level Warning
                    }
                    else {
                        $Environments = $catalog.Folders[$f].Environments | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $searchEnvironments }

                        foreach ($e in $Environments) {
                            #encryption handling
                            $encKey = 'MS_Enckey_Env_' + $e.EnvironmentId
                            $encCert = 'MS_Cert_Env_' + $e.EnvironmentId

                            <#
                            SMO does not return sensitive values (gets data from catalog.environment_variables)
                            We have to manually query internal.environment_variables instead and use symmetric keys
                            within T-SQL code
                            #>

                            $sql = @"
                            OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY $encKey DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE $encCert;
 
                            SELECT
                                ev.variable_id,
                                ev.name,
                                ev.description,
                                ev.type,
                                ev.sensitive,
                                value = ev.value,
                                ev.sensitive_value,
                                ev.base_data_type,
                                decrypted = decrypted.value
                            FROM internal.environment_variables ev
 
                                CROSS APPLY (
                                    SELECT
                                        value = CASE base_data_type
                                                    WHEN 'nvarchar' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value))
                                                    WHEN 'bit' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(bit, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'datetime' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(datetime2(0), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'single' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(DECIMAL(38, 18), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'float' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(DECIMAL(38, 18), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'decimal' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(DECIMAL(38, 18), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'tinyint' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(tinyint, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'smallint' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(smallint, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'int' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(INT, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'bigint' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(bigint, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                END
                                ) decrypted
                            WHERE environment_id = $($e.EnvironmentId);
                            CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY $encKey;
"@

                            $ssisVariables = $server.Query($sql, "SSISDB")

                            foreach ($variable in $ssisVariables) {
                                if ($variable.sensitive -eq $true) {
                                    $value = $variable.decrypted
                                }
                                else {
                                    $value = $variable.value
                                }

                                [PSCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Folder       = $f
                                    Environment  = $e.Name
                                    Id           = $variable.variable_id
                                    Name         = $variable.Name
                                    Description  = $variable.description
                                    Type         = $variable.type
                                    IsSensitive  = $variable.sensitive
                                    BaseDataType = $variable.base_data_type
                                    Value        = $value
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaStartupParameter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays values for a detailed list of SQL Server Startup Parameters.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Displays values for a detailed list of SQL Server Startup Parameters including Master Data Path, Master Log path, Error Log, Trace Flags, Parameter String and much more.
 
        This command relies on remote Windows Server (SQL WMI/WinRm) access. You can pass alternative Windows credentials by using the -Credential parameter.
 
        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190737.aspx for more information.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternate Windows credentials.
 
        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
    .PARAMETER Simple
        If this switch is enabled, simplified output will be produced including only Server, Master Data Path, Master Log path, ErrorLog, TraceFlags and ParameterString.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        If this switch is enabled, exceptions will be thrown to the caller, which will need to perform its own exception processing. Otherwise, the function will try to catch the exception, interpret it and provide a friendly error message.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2014
 
        Logs into SQL WMI as the current user then displays the values for numerous startup parameters.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
        Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $wincred -Simple
 
        Logs in to WMI using the ad\sqladmin credential and gathers simplified information about the SQL Server Startup Parameters.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: WSMan, SQLWMI, Memory
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaStartupParameter
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("SqlCredential")]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $computerName = $instance.ComputerName
                $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName
                $ogInstance = $instance.FullSmoName

                $computerName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computerName).FullComputerName

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -message "Attempting to connect to $computerName"

                if ($instanceName.Length -eq 0) { $instanceName = "MSSQLSERVER" }

                $displayname = "SQL Server ($instanceName)"

                $Scriptblock = {
                    $computerName = $args[0]
                    $displayname = $args[1]

                    $wmisvc = $wmi.Services | Where-Object DisplayName -eq $displayname

                    $params = $wmisvc.StartupParameters -split ';'

                    $masterdata = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-d') }
                    $masterlog = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-l') }
                    $errorlog = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-e') }
                    $traceflags = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-T') }

                    $debugflag = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-t') }

                    if ($debugflag.length -ne 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning "$instance is using the lowercase -t trace flag. This is for internal debugging only. Please ensure this was intentional."
                    }
                    #>

                    if ($traceflags.length -eq 0) {
                        $traceflags = "None"
                    }
                    else {
                        $traceflags = $traceflags.substring(2)
                    }

                    if ($Simple -eq $true) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName    = $computerName
                            InstanceName    = $instanceName
                            SqlInstance     = $ogInstance
                            MasterData      = $masterdata.TrimStart('-d')
                            MasterLog       = $masterlog.TrimStart('-l')
                            ErrorLog        = $errorlog.TrimStart('-e')
                            TraceFlags      = $traceflags -join ','
                            ParameterString = $wmisvc.StartupParameters
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        # From https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190737.aspx

                        $commandpromptparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-c' }
                        $minimalstartparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-f' }
                        $memorytoreserve = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-g') }
                        $noeventlogsparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-n' }
                        $instancestartparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-s' }
                        $disablemonitoringparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-x' }
                        $increasedextentsparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -ceq '-E' }

                        $minimalstart = $noeventlogs = $instancestart = $disablemonitoring = $false
                        $increasedextents = $commandprompt = $singleuser = $false

                        if ($null -ne $commandpromptparm) {
                            $commandprompt = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $minimalstartparm) {
                            $minimalstart = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -eq $memorytoreserve) {
                            $memorytoreserve = 0
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $noeventlogsparm) {
                            $noeventlogs = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $instancestartparm) {
                            $instancestart = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $disablemonitoringparm) {
                            $disablemonitoring = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $increasedextentsparm) {
                            $increasedextents = $true
                        }

                        $singleuserparm = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-m') }

                        if ($singleuserparm.length -ne 0) {
                            $singleuser = $true
                            $singleuserdetails = $singleuserparm.TrimStart('-m')
                        }

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName         = $computerName
                            InstanceName         = $instanceName
                            SqlInstance          = $ogInstance
                            MasterData           = $masterdata -replace '^-[dD]', ''
                            MasterLog            = $masterlog  -replace '^-[lL]', ''
                            ErrorLog             = $errorlog   -replace '^-[eE]', ''
                            TraceFlags           = $traceflags -join ','
                            CommandPromptStart   = $commandprompt
                            MinimalStart         = $minimalstart
                            MemoryToReserve      = $memorytoreserve
                            SingleUser           = $singleuser
                            SingleUserName       = $singleuserdetails
                            NoLoggingToWinEvents = $noeventlogs
                            StartAsNamedInstance = $instancestart
                            DisableMonitoring    = $disablemonitoring
                            IncreasedExtents     = $increasedextents
                            ParameterString      = $wmisvc.StartupParameters
                        }
                    }
                }

                # This command is in the internal function
                # It's sorta like Invoke-Command.
                if ($credential) {
                    Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -Server $computerName -Credential $credential -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $computerName, $displayname
                }
                else {
                    Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -Server $computerName -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $computerName, $displayname
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "$instance failed." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSuspectPage {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Returns data that is stored in SQL for Suspect Pages on the specified SQL Server Instance
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns any records that were stored due to suspect pages in databases on a SQL Server Instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
        .PARAMETER Database
        The database to return. If unspecified, all records will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Pages, DBCC
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSuspectPage -SqlInstance sql2016
 
        Retrieve any records stored for Suspect Pages on the sql2016 SQL Server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSuspectPage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Test
 
        Retrieve any records stored for Suspect Pages on the sql2016 SQL Server and the Test database only.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            $sql = "Select
            DB_NAME(database_id) as DBName,
            file_id,
            page_id,
            CASE event_type
            WHEN 1 THEN '823 or 824 or Torn Page'
            WHEN 2 THEN 'Bad Checksum'
            WHEN 3 THEN 'Torn Page'
            WHEN 4 THEN 'Restored'
            WHEN 5 THEN 'Repaired (DBCC)'
            WHEN 7 THEN 'Deallocated (DBCC)'
            END as EventType,
            error_count,
            last_update_date
            from msdb.dbo.suspect_pages"

            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object DBName -EQ $Database
            }

        }
        foreach ($row in $results) {
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database       = $row.DBName
                FileId         = $row.file_id
                PageId         = $row.page_id
                EventType      = $row.EventType
                ErrorCount     = $row.error_count
                LastUpdateDate = $row.last_update_date
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTable {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns a summary of information on the tables
 
.DESCRIPTION
Shows table information around table row and data sizes and if it has any table type information.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a
collection and receive pipeline input
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
Switch parameter that when used will display system database information
 
.PARAMETER Table
Define a specific table you would like to query. You can specify up to three-part name like db.sch.tbl.
If the object has special characters please wrap them in square brackets [ ].
This dbo.First.Table will try to find table named 'Table' on schema 'First' and database 'dbo'.
The correct way to find table named 'First.Table' on schema 'dbo' is passing dbo.[First.Table]
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Database, Tables
Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTable
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database Test1
Return all tables in the Test1 database
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Table MyTable
Return only information on the table MyTable from the database MyDB
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Table MyTable
Returns information on table called MyTable if it exists in any database on the server, under any schema
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Table dbo.[First.Table]
Returns information on table called First.Table on schema dbo if it exists in any database on the server
 
.EXAMPLE
'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaTable -Database DBA -Table Commandlog
Returns information on the CommandLog table in the DBA database on both instances localhost and the named instance localhost\namedinstance
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [string[]]$Table,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Table) {
            $fqtns = @()
            foreach ($t in $Table) {
                $splitName = [regex]::Matches($t, "(\[.+?\])|([^\.]+)").Value
                $dotcount = $splitName.Count

                $splitDb = $Schema = $null

                switch ($dotcount) {
                    1 {
                        $tbl = $t
                    }
                    2 {
                        $schema = $splitName[0]
                        $tbl = $splitName[1]
                    }
                    3 {
                        $splitDb = $splitName[0]
                        $schema = $splitName[1]
                        $tbl = $splitName[2]
                    }
                    default {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Please make sure that you are using up to three-part names. If your search value contains '.' character you must use [ ] to wrap the name. The value $t is not a valid name."
                        Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($splitDb -like "[[]*[]]") {
                    $splitDb = $splitDb.Substring(1, ($splitDb.Length - 2))
                }

                if ($schema -like "[[]*[]]") {
                    $schema = $schema.Substring(1, ($schema.Length - 2))
                }

                if ($tbl -like "[[]*[]]") {
                    $tbl = $tbl.Substring(1, ($tbl.Length - 2))
                }

                $fqtns += [PSCustomObject] @{
                    Database = $splitDb
                    Schema   = $Schema
                    Table    = $tbl
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                #only look at online databases (Status equal normal)
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

                #If IncludeSystemDBs is false, exclude systemdbs
                if (!$IncludeSystemDBs -and !$Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { !$_.IsSystemObject }
                }

                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather dbs for $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db"

                if ($fqtns) {
                    $tables = @()
                    foreach ($fqtn in $fqtns) {
                        # If the user specified a database in a three-part name, and it's not the
                        # database currently being processed, skip this table.
                        if ($fqtn.Database) {
                            if ($fqtn.Database -ne $db.Name) {
                                continue
                            }
                        }

                        $tbl = $db.tables | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $fqtn.Table -and $fqtn.Schema -in ($_.Schema, $null) -and $fqtn.Database -in ($_.Parent.Name, $null) }

                        if (-not $tbl) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not find table $($fqtn.Table) in $db on $server"
                        }
                        $tables += $tbl
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $tables = $db.Tables
                }

                foreach ($sqltable in $tables) {
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -Value $db.Name

                    $defaultprops = "ComputerName", "InstanceName", "SqlInstance", "Database", "Schema", "Name", "IndexSpaceUsed", "DataSpaceUsed", "RowCount", "HasClusteredIndex", "IsFileTable", "IsMemoryOptimized", "IsPartitioned", "FullTextIndex", "ChangeTrackingEnabled"

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $sqltable -Property $defaultprops
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTcpPort {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, this function returns just the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.
 
            If -Detailed is specified, the server name, IPAddress (ipv4 and ipv6), port number and an indicator of whether or not the port assignment is static are returned.
 
            Remote sqlwmi is used by default. If this doesn't work, then remoting is used. If neither work, it defaults to T-SQL which can provide only the port.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to connect to servers using alternate Windows credentials
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            If this switch is enabled, an object with server name, IPAddress (ipv4 and ipv6), port and static ($true/$false) for one or more SQL Servers is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeIpv6
            If this switch is enabled, IPv6 information is excluded from detailed output.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SQLWMI, tcp
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTcpPort
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns just the port number for the default instance on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress, sql2016
 
            Returns an object with server name and port number for the sqlexpress on winserver and the default instance on sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Detailed
 
            Returns an object with server name, IPAddress (ipv4 and ipv6), port and static ($true/$false) for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
 
            Remote sqlwmi is used by default. If this doesn't work, then remoting is used. If neither work, it defaults to T-SQL which can provide only the port.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Get-DbaTcpPort -ExcludeIpv6 -Detailed
 
            Returns an object with server name, IPAddress (just ipv4), port and static ($true/$false) for every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2014.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias("Ipv4")]
        [switch]$ExcludeIpv6,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($detailed -eq $true) {
                try {
                    $scriptblock = {
                        $instance = $args[0]

                        Add-Type -AssemblyName Microsoft.VisualBasic

                        foreach ($servername in $wmi.ServerInstances) {
                            $instanceName = $servername.Name
                            $wmiinstance = $wmi.Services | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instanceName)" }
                            $vsname = ($wmiinstance.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }).Value

                            if ($vsname.length -eq 0) {
                                $vsname = "$instance\$instanceName"
                            }

                            $vsname = $vsname.Replace("\MSSQLSERVER", "")

                            try {
                                $regroot = ($wmiinstance.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }).Value
                                $dacport = (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\$regroot\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\AdminConnection\Tcp").TcpDynamicPorts

                                [PsCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $instance
                                    InstanceName = $instanceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $vsname
                                    IPAddress    = "0.0.0.0"
                                    Port         = $dacport
                                    Static       = $false
                                    Type         = "DAC"
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                # it's just not our day
                            }

                            $tcp = $servername.ServerProtocols | Where-Object Name -eq Tcp
                            $ips = $tcp.IPAddresses

                            # This is a remote command so do not use Write-message
                            Write-Verbose "Parsing information for $($ips.count) IP addresses."
                            foreach ($ip in $ips) {
                                $props = $ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpPort" -or $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }

                                foreach ($prop in $props) {
                                    if ([Microsoft.VisualBasic.Information]::IsNumeric($prop.value)) {
                                        $port = $prop.value
                                        if ($prop.name -eq 'TcpPort') {
                                            $static = $true
                                        }
                                        else {
                                            $static = $false
                                        }
                                        break
                                    }
                                }

                                [PsCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $instance
                                    InstanceName = $instanceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $vsname
                                    IPAddress    = $ip.IPAddress.IPAddressToString
                                    Port         = $port
                                    Static       = $static
                                    Type         = "Normal"
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    $computer = $instance.ComputerName
                    $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Verbose:$false
                    $computername = $resolved.FullComputerName

                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying with ComputerName ($computer)."
                        $someIps = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computer -ArgumentList $computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying with FullComputerName because ComputerName failed."
                        $someIps = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computername -ArgumentList $fqdn -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not get detailed information." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                $cleanedUp = $someIps | Sort-Object IPAddress

                if ($ExcludeIpv6) {
                    $octet = '(?:0?0?[0-9]|0?[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-5][0-5]|2[0-4][0-9])'
                    [regex]$ipv4 = "^(?:$octet\.){3}$octet$"
                    $cleanedUp = $cleanedUp | Where-Object { $_.IPAddress -match $ipv4 }
                }

                $cleanedUp
            }

            if ($Detailed -eq $false -or ($Detailed -eq $true -and $null -eq $someIps)) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance "TCP:$instance" -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $servername -Continue
                }

                # WmiComputer can be unreliable :( Use T-SQL
                $sql = "SELECT local_tcp_port FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"
                $port = $server.Query($sql)

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Port         = $port.local_tcp_port
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTempdbUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets Tempdb usage for running queries.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    This function queries DMVs for running sessions using Tempdb and returns results if those sessions have user or internal space allocated or deallocated against them.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    The SQL Instance you are querying against.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    If you want to use alternative credentials to connect to the server.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTempdbUsage
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaTempdbUsage -SqlInstance localhost\SQLDEV2K14
 
    Gets tempdb usage for localhost\SQLDEV2K14
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -le 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function is only supported in SQL Server 2008 or higher." -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
        t.session_id AS Spid,
        r.command AS StatementCommand,
        SUBSTRING( est.[text],
                     (r.statement_start_offset / 2) + 1,
                     ((CASE r.statement_end_offset
                            WHEN-1
                            THEN DATALENGTH(est.[text])
                            ELSE
                            r.statement_end_offset
                       END - r.statement_start_offset
                      ) / 2
                     ) + 1
                 ) AS QueryText,
        QUOTENAME(DB_NAME(r.database_id)) + N'.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(est.objectid, est.dbid)) + N'.'
        + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(est.objectid, est.dbid)) AS ProcedureName,
        r.start_time AS StartTime,
        tdb.UserObjectAllocated * 8 AS CurrentUserAllocatedKB,
        (t.user_objects_alloc_page_count + tdb.UserObjectAllocated) * 8 AS TotalUserAllocatedKB,
        tdb.UserObjectDeallocated * 8 AS UserDeallocatedKB,
        (t.user_objects_dealloc_page_count + tdb.UserObjectDeallocated) * 8 AS TotalUserDeallocatedKB,
        tdb.InternalObjectAllocated * 8 AS InternalAllocatedKB,
        (t.internal_objects_alloc_page_count + tdb.InternalObjectAllocated) * 8 AS TotalInternalAllocatedKB,
        tdb.InternalObjectDeallocated * 8 AS InternalDeallocatedKB,
        (t.internal_objects_dealloc_page_count + tdb.InternalObjectDeallocated) * 8 AS TotalInternalDeallocatedKB,
        r.reads AS RequestedReads,
        r.writes AS RequestedWrites,
        r.logical_reads AS RequestedLogicalReads,
        r.cpu_time AS RequestedCPUTime,
        s.is_user_process AS IsUserProcess,
        s.[status] AS [Status],
        DB_NAME(r.database_id) AS [Database],
        s.login_name AS LoginName,
        s.original_login_name AS OriginalLoginName,
        s.nt_domain AS NTDomain,
        s.nt_user_name AS NTUserName,
        s.[host_name] AS HostName,
        s.[program_name] AS ProgramName,
        s.login_time AS LoginTime,
        s.last_request_start_time AS LastRequestedStartTime,
        s.last_request_end_time AS LastRequestedEndTime
FROM sys.dm_db_session_space_usage AS t
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
    ON s.session_id = t.session_id
LEFT JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests AS r
    ON r.session_id = s.session_id
LEFT JOIN
          ( SELECT _tsu.session_id,
                        _tsu.request_id,
                        SUM(_tsu.user_objects_alloc_page_count) AS UserObjectAllocated,
                        SUM(_tsu.user_objects_dealloc_page_count) AS UserObjectDeallocated,
                        SUM(_tsu.internal_objects_alloc_page_count) AS InternalObjectAllocated,
                        SUM(_tsu.internal_objects_dealloc_page_count) AS InternalObjectDeallocated
              FROM tempdb.sys.dm_db_task_space_usage AS _tsu
              GROUP BY _tsu.session_id,
                        _tsu.request_id
          ) AS tdb
    ON tdb.session_id = r.session_id
   AND tdb.request_id = r.request_id
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.[sql_handle]) AS est
WHERE t.session_id != @@SPID
  AND (tdb.UserObjectAllocated - tdb.UserObjectDeallocated + tdb.InternalObjectAllocated - tdb.InternalObjectDeallocated) != 0
OPTION (RECOMPILE);"

            $server.Query($sql)
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbatoolsLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Returns log entries for dbatools
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Returns log entries for dbatools. Handy when debugging or developing for it. Also used when preparing a support package.
 
    .PARAMETER Errors
    Instead of log entries, the error entries will be retrieved
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Fred Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)
    Tags: Debug
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Get-DbatoolsLog
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbatoolsLog
 
    Returns all log entries currently in memory.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [switch]
        $Errors
    )

    BEGIN {
        # No Write-Message, since that would clutter the very log you want to retrieve
    }

    PROCESS {
        if ($Errors) { return [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::GetErrors() }
        else { return [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::GetLog() }
    }

    END {

    }
}
function Get-DbaTopResourceUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the top 20 resource consumers for cached queries based on four different metrics: duration, frequency, IO, and CPU.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the top 20 resource consumers for cached queries based on four different metrics: duration, frequency, IO, and CPU.
 
        This command is based off of queries provided by Michael J. Swart at http://michaeljswart.com/go/Top20
 
        Per Michael: "I've posted queries like this before, and others have written many other versions of this query. All these queries are based on sys.dm_exec_query_stats."
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystem
        This will exclude system objects like replication procedures from being returned.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
        By default, all Types run but you can specify one or more of the following: Duration, Frequency, IO, or CPU
 
    .PARAMETER Limit
        By default, these query the Top 20 worst offenders (though more than 20 results can be returend if each of the top 20 have more than 1 subsequent result)
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Query, Performance
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTopResourceUsage
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012
        Return the 80 (20 x 4 types) top usage results by duration, frequency, IO, and CPU servers for servers sql2008 and sql2012
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2008 -Type Duration, Frequency -Database TestDB
        Return the highest usage by duration (top 20) and frequency (top 20) for the TestDB on sql2008
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Limit 30
        Return the highest usage by duration (top 30) and frequency (top 30) for the TestDB on sql2016
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012 -ExcludeSystem
        Return the 80 (20 x 4 types) top usage results by duration, frequency, IO, and CPU servers for servers sql2008 and sql2012 without any System Objects
 
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2016| Select *
        Return all the columns plus the QueryPlan column
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet("All", "Duration", "Frequency", "IO", "CPU")]
        [string[]]$Type = "All",
        [int]$Limit = 20,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystem
    )

    begin {

        $instancecolumns = " SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, "

        if ($database) {
            $wheredb = " and coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') in ('$($database -join '', '')')"
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $wherenotdb = " and coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') notin '$($excludedatabase -join '', '')'"
        }

        if ($ExcludeSystem) {
            $whereexcludesystem = " AND coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') NOT LIKE 'sp_MS%' "
        }
        $duration = ";with long_queries as
                        (
                            select top $Limit
                                query_hash,
                                sum(total_elapsed_time) elapsed_time
                            from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                            where query_hash <> 0x0
                            group by query_hash
                            order by sum(total_elapsed_time) desc
                        )
                        select $instancecolumns
                            coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                            coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                            qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                            qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000 as TotalElapsedTimeMs,
                            qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                            cast((total_elapsed_time / 1000) / (execution_count + 0.0) as money) as AverageDurationMs,
                            lq.elapsed_time / 1000 as QueryTotalElapsedTimeMs,
                            SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                                (CASE
                                    WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                                    ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                                    END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                            qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                        from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                        join long_queries lq
                            on lq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                        outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                        where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                        order by lq.elapsed_time desc,
                            lq.query_hash,
                            qs.total_elapsed_time desc
                        option (recompile)"

        $frequency = ";with frequent_queries as
                        (
                            select top $Limit
                                query_hash,
                                sum(execution_count) executions
                            from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                            where query_hash <> 0x0
                            group by query_hash
                            order by sum(execution_count) desc
                        )
                        select $instancecolumns
                            coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                            coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                            qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                            qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                            executions as QueryTotalExecutions,
                            SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                                (CASE
                                    WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                                    ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                                    END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                            qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                        from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                        join frequent_queries fq
                            on fq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                        outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                        where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                        order by fq.executions desc,
                            fq.query_hash,
                            qs.execution_count desc
                        option (recompile)"

        $io = ";with high_io_queries as
                (
                    select top $Limit
                        query_hash,
                        sum(total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) io
                    from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                    where query_hash <> 0x0
                    group by query_hash
                    order by sum(total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) desc
                )
                select $instancecolumns
                    coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                    coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                    qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                    qs.total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes as TotalIO,
                    qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                    cast((total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) / (execution_count + 0.0) as money) as AverageIO,
                    io as QueryTotalIO,
                    SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                        (CASE
                            WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                            ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                            END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                    qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                join high_io_queries fq
                    on fq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                order by fq.io desc,
                    fq.query_hash,
                    qs.total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes desc
                option (recompile)"

        $cpu = ";with high_cpu_queries as
                (
                    select top $Limit
                        query_hash,
                        sum(total_worker_time) cpuTime
                    from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                    where query_hash <> 0x0
                    group by query_hash
                    order by sum(total_worker_time) desc
                )
                select $instancecolumns
                    coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                    coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                    qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                    qs.total_worker_time as CpuTime,
                    qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                    cast(total_worker_time / (execution_count + 0.0) as money) as AverageCpuMs,
                    cpuTime as QueryTotalCpu,
                    SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                        (CASE
                            WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                            ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                            END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                    qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                join high_cpu_queries hcq
                    on hcq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                order by hcq.cpuTime desc,
                    hcq.query_hash,
                    qs.total_worker_time desc
                option (recompile)"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout -ne 0) {
                $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "Duration") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $duration"
                    $server.Query($duration) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for duration." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "Frequency") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $frequency"
                    $server.Query($frequency) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for frequency." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "IO") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $io"
                    $server.Query($io) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for IO." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "CPU") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $cpu"
                    $server.Query($cpu) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for CPU." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTrace {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Gets a list of trace(s) from specified SQL Server Instance
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns a list of Traces on a SQL Server Instance and identify the default Trace File
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
        .PARAMETER Id
        The id(s) of the Trace
 
        .PARAMETER Default
        Switch that will only return the information for the default system trace
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
 
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2016
 
        Lists all the tracefiles on the sql2016 SQL Server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2016 -Default
 
        Lists the default trace information on the sql2016 SQL Server.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [switch]$Default,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaTraceFile
        
        # A Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Trace.TraceServer class exists but is buggy
        # and requires x86 PowerShell. So we'll go with T-SQL.
        $sql = "SELECT id, status, path, max_size, stop_time, max_files, is_rowset, is_rollover, is_shutdown, is_default, buffer_count, buffer_size, file_position, reader_spid, start_time, last_event_time, event_count, dropped_event_count FROM sys.traces"
        
        if ($Id) {
            $idstring = $Id -join ","
            $sql = "$sql WHERE id in ($idstring)"
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }
            
            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting trace data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
            }
            
            if ($Default) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.is_default }
            }
            
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                if ($row.Path.ToString().Length -gt 0) {
                    $remotefile = Join-AdminUnc -servername $server.NetName -filepath $row.path
                }
                else {
                    $remotefile = $null
                }
                
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Id                       = $row.id
                    Status                   = $row.status
                    IsRunning                = ($row.status -eq 1)
                    Path                     = $row.path
                    RemotePath               = $remotefile
                    MaxSize                  = $row.max_size
                    StopTime                 = $row.stop_time
                    MaxFiles                 = $row.max_files
                    IsRowset                 = $row.is_rowset
                    IsRollover               = $row.is_rollover
                    IsShutdown               = $row.is_shutdown
                    IsDefault                = $row.is_default
                    BufferCount              = $row.buffer_count
                    BufferSize               = $row.buffer_size
                    FilePosition             = $row.file_position
                    ReaderSpid               = $row.reader_spid
                    StartTime                = $row.start_time
                    LastEventTime            = $row.last_event_time
                    EventCount               = $row.event_count
                    DroppedEventCount        = $row.dropped_event_count
                    Parent                   = $server
                    SqlCredential            = $SqlCredential
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Parent, RemotePath, RemoStatus, SqlCredential
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTraceFlag {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get global Trace Flag(s) information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns Trace Flags that are enabled globally on each instance(s) of SQL Server as an object.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER TraceFlag
            Use this switch to filter to a specific Trace Flag.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: TraceFlag
            Author: Kevin Bullen (@sqlpadawan)
 
            References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-traceon-trace-flags-transact-sql
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTraceFlag
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all Trace Flag information on the local default SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016
 
            Returns all Trace Flag(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance localhost -TraceFlag 4199,3205
 
            Returns Trace Flag status for TF 4199 and 3205 for the local SQL Server instance if they are enabled.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$TraceFlag,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $tflags = $server.EnumActiveGlobalTraceFlags()

            if ($tFlags.Rows.Count -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No global trace flags enabled"
                return
            }

            if ($TraceFlag) {
                $tflags = $tflags | Where-Object TraceFlag -In $TraceFlag
            }

            foreach ($tflag in $tflags) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TraceFlag    = $tflag.TraceFlag
                    Global       = $tflag.Global
                    Session      = $tflag.Session
                    Status       = $tflag.Status
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty 'Session'
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTrigger {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Get all existing triggers on one or more SQL instances.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Get all existing triggers on one or more SQL instances.
 
Default output includes columns ComputerName, SqlInstance, Database, TriggerName, IsEnabled and DateLastModified.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Instance that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.NOTES
Tags: Database, Triggers
Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTrigger
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance ComputerA\sql987
 
Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, SqlInstance, Database, TriggerName, IsEnabled and DateLastModified.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance 'ComputerA\sql987','ComputerB'
 
Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, SqlInstance, Database, TriggerName, IsEnabled and DateLastModified from two instances.
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance ComputerA\sql987 | Out-Gridview
 
Returns a gridview displaying ComputerName, SqlInstance, Database, TriggerName, IsEnabled and DateLastModified.
 
.EXAMPLE
'ComputerA\sql987','ComputerB' | Get-DbaTrigger | Out-Gridview
 
Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, SqlInstance, Database, TriggerName, IsEnabled and DateLastModified from two instances.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "instance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Connecting to $Instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Erroraction SilentlyContinue
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Can't connect to $Instance"
                continue
            }

            Write-Verbose "Getting Server Level Triggers on $Instance"
            $server.Triggers |
                ForEach-Object {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TriggerLevel     = "Server"
                    Database         = $null
                    TriggerName      = $_.Name
                    Status           = switch ($_.IsEnabled) { $true { "Enabled" } $false { "Disabled" } }
                    DateLastModified = $_.DateLastModified
                }
            }

            Write-Verbose "Getting Database Level Triggers on $Instance"
            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.status -eq 'Normal' }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $dbs |
                ForEach-Object {
                $DatabaseName = $_.Name
                Write-Verbose "Getting Database Level Triggers on Database $DatabaseName on $Instance"
                $_.Triggers |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        TriggerLevel     = "Database"
                        Database         = $DatabaseName
                        TriggerName      = $_.Name
                        Status           = switch ($_.IsEnabled) { $true { "Enabled" } $false { "Disabled" } }
                        DateLastModified = $_.DateLastModified
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaUptime {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns the uptime of the SQL Server instance, and if required the hosting windows server
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, this command returns for each SQL Server instance passed in:
            SQL Instance last startup time, Uptime as a PS TimeSpan, Uptime as a formatted string
            Hosting Windows server last startup time, Uptime as a PS TimeSpan, Uptime as a formatted string
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect to SQL Server as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to the computer (not SQL Server instance) using alternative Windows credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: CIM
            Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaUptime
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaUptime -SqlInstance SqlBox1\Instance2
 
            Returns an object with SQL Server start time, uptime as TimeSpan object, uptime as a string, and Windows host boot time, host uptime as TimeSpan objects and host uptime as a string for the sqlexpress instance on winserver
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaUptime -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress, sql2016
 
            Returns an object with SQL Server start time, uptime as TimeSpan object, uptime as a string, and Windows host boot time, host uptime as TimeSpan objects and host uptime as a string for the sqlexpress instance on host winserver and the default instance on host sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Get-DbaUptime
 
            Returns an object with SQL Server start time, uptime as TimeSpan object, uptime as a string, and Windows host boot time, host uptime as TimeSpan objects and host uptime as a string for every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2014
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $nowutc = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($instance.Gettype().FullName -eq [System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject] ) {
                $servername = $instance.SqlInstance
            }
            elseif ($instance.Gettype().FullName -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
                $servername = $instance.NetName
            }
            else {
                $servername = $instance.ComputerName;
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting start times for $servername"
            #Get tempdb creation date
            [dbadatetime]$SQLStartTime = $server.Databases["tempdb"].CreateDate
            $SQLUptime = New-TimeSpan -Start $SQLStartTime.ToUniversalTime() -End $nowutc
            $SQLUptimeString = "{0} days {1} hours {2} minutes {3} seconds" -f $($SQLUptime.Days), $($SQLUptime.Hours), $($SQLUptime.Minutes), $($SQLUptime.Seconds)

            $WindowsServerName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName $servername -Credential $Credential).FullComputerName

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting WinBootTime via CimInstance for $servername"
                $WinBootTime = (Get-DbaOperatingSystem -ComputerName $windowsServerName -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).LastBootTime
                $WindowsUptime = New-TimeSpan -start $WinBootTime.ToUniversalTime() -end $nowutc
                $WindowsUptimeString = "{0} days {1} hours {2} minutes {3} seconds" -f $($WindowsUptime.Days), $($WindowsUptime.Hours), $($WindowsUptime.Minutes), $($WindowsUptime.Seconds)
            }
            catch {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting WinBootTime via CimInstance DCOM"
                    $CimOption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCOM
                    $CimSession = New-CimSession -Credential:$Credential -ComputerName $WindowsServerName -SessionOption $CimOption
                    [dbadatetime]$WinBootTime = ($CimSession | Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem).LastBootUpTime
                    $WindowsUptime = New-TimeSpan -start $WinBootTime.ToUniversalTime() -end $nowutc
                    $WindowsUptimeString = "{0} days {1} hours {2} minutes {3} seconds" -f $($WindowsUptime.Days), $($WindowsUptime.Hours), $($WindowsUptime.Minutes), $($WindowsUptime.Seconds)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure getting WinBootTime" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName     = $WindowsServerName
                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                SqlServer        = $server.Name
                SqlUptime        = $SQLUptime
                WindowsUptime    = $WindowsUptime
                SqlStartTime     = $SQLStartTime
                WindowsBootTime  = $WinBootTime
                SinceSqlStart    = $SQLUptimeString
                SinceWindowsBoot = $WindowsUptimeString
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaUserLevelPermission {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays detailed permissions information for the server and database roles and securables.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This command will display all server logins, server level securable, database logins and database securables.
 
        DISA STIG implementators will find this command useful as it uses Permissions.sql provided by DISA.
 
        Note that if you Ctrl-C out of this command and end it prematurely, it will leave behind a STIG schema in tempdb.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemDatabase
        Allows you to suppress output on system databases
 
    .PARAMETER IncludePublicGuest
        Allows you to include output for public and guest grants.
 
    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
        Allows you to include output on sys schema objects.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Discovery, Permissions, Security
    Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaUserLevelPermission
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaUserLevelPermission -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
        Check server and database permissions for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaUserLevelPermission -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB
        Check server and database permissions on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaUserLevelPermission -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -IncludePublicGuest -IncludeSystemObjects
        Check server and database permissions on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database,
        including public and guest grants, and sys schema objects.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludePublicGuest,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {

        $sql = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\stig.sql")

        $endSQL = " BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.server_effective_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.server_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.members_of_server_role END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.server_roles_of END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.server_role_members END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.database_effective_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.database_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.members_of_db_role END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.database_roles_of END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.database_role_members END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP SCHEMA STIG END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO"


        $serverSQL = "SELECT 'SERVER LOGINS' AS Type ,
                                    sl.name AS Member ,
                                    ISNULL(srm.role, 'None') AS [Role/Securable/Class] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Schema/Owner] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Securable] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantee Type] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantee] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Permission] ,
                                    ' ' AS [State] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantor] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantor Type] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Source View]
                            FROM master.sys.syslogins sl
                                    LEFT JOIN tempdb.[STIG].[server_role_members] srm ON sl.name = srm.member
                            WHERE sl.name NOT LIKE 'NT %'
                                    AND sl.name NOT LIKE '##%'
                            UNION
                            SELECT 'SERVER SECURABLES' AS Type ,
                                    sl.name ,
                                    sp.[Securable Class] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    ' ' ,
                                    sp.[Securable] ,
                                    sp.[Grantee Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.Grantee ,
                                    sp.Permission COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.State COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.Grantor ,
                                    sp.[Grantor Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.[Source View]
                            FROM master.sys.syslogins sl
                                    LEFT JOIN tempdb.[STIG].[server_permissions] sp ON sl.name = sp.Grantee
                            WHERE sl.name NOT LIKE 'NT %'
                                    AND sl.name NOT LIKE '##%';"

        $dbSQL = "SELECT 'DB ROLE MEMBERS' AS type ,
                                Member ,
                                Role ,
                                ' ' AS [Schema/Owner] ,
                                ' ' AS [Securable] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantee Type] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantee] ,
                                ' ' AS [Permission] ,
                                ' ' AS [State] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantor] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantor Type] ,
                                ' ' AS [Source View]
                        FROM tempdb.[STIG].[database_role_members]
                        UNION
                        SELECT DISTINCT
                                'DB SECURABLES' AS Type ,
                                drm.member ,
                                dp.[Securable Type or Class] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.[Schema/Owner] ,
                                dp.Securable ,
                                dp.[Grantee Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.Grantee ,
                                dp.Permission COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.State COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.Grantor ,
                                dp.[Grantor Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.[Source View]
                        FROM tempdb.[STIG].[database_role_members] drm
                                LEFT JOIN tempdb.[STIG].[database_permissions] dp ON ( drm.member = dp.grantee
                                                                                      OR drm.role = dp.grantee
                                                                                     )
                        WHERE dp.Grantor IS NOT NULL
                                AND [Schema/Owner] <> 'sys'"

        if ($IncludePublicGuest) { $dbSQL = $dbSQL.Replace("LEFT JOIN", "FULL JOIN") }
        if ($IncludeSystemObjects) { $dbSQL = $dbSQL.Replace("AND [Schema/Owner] <> 'sys'", "") }

    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystemDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible" -Continue
                }

                $sql = $sql.Replace("<TARGETDB>", $db.Name)

                #Create objects in active database
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating objects"
                try { $db.ExecuteNonQuery($sql) } catch {} # sometimes it complains about not being able to drop the stig schema if the person Ctrl-C'd before.

                #Grab permissions data
                if (-not $serverDT) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building data table for server objects"

                    try { $serverDT = $db.Query($serverSQL) } catch { }

                    foreach ($row in $serverDT) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Object             = 'SERVER'
                            Type               = $row.Type
                            Member             = $row.Member
                            RoleSecurableClass = $row.'Role/Securable/Class'
                            SchemaOwner        = $row.'Schema/Owner'
                            Securable          = $row.Securable
                            GranteeType        = $row.'Grantee Type'
                            Grantee            = $row.Grantee
                            Permission         = $row.Permission
                            State              = $row.State
                            Grantor            = $row.Grantor
                            GrantorType        = $row.'Grantor Type'
                            SourceView         = $row.'Source View'
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building data table for $db objects"
                try { $dbDT = $db.Query($dbSQL) } catch { }

                foreach ($row in $dbDT) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Object             = $db.Name
                        Type               = $row.Type
                        Member             = $row.Member
                        RoleSecurableClass = $row.'Role/Securable/Class'
                        SchemaOwner        = $row.'Schema/Owner'
                        Securable          = $row.Securable
                        GranteeType        = $row.'Grantee Type'
                        Grantee            = $row.Grantee
                        Permission         = $row.Permission
                        State              = $row.State
                        Grantor            = $row.Grantor
                        GrantorType        = $row.'Grantor Type'
                        SourceView         = $row.'Source View'
                    }
                }

                #Delete objects
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deleting objects"
                try { $db.ExecuteNonQuery($endSQL) } catch { }
                $sql = $sql.Replace($db.Name, "<TARGETDB>")

                #Sashay Away
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaWaitingTask {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays waiting task.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command is based on waiting task T-SQL script published by Paul Randal.
            Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/updated-sys-dm_os_waiting_tasks-script-2/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version XXXX or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Spid
            Find the waiting task of one or more specific process ids
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSystemSpid
            If this switch is enabled, the output will include the system sessions.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Waits,Task,WaitTask
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWaitingTask
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaWaitingTask -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns the waiting task for all sessions on sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaWaitingTask -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -IncludeSystemSpid
 
            Returns the waiting task for all sessions (user and system) on sqlserver2014a
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [object[]]$Spid,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemSpid,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "
            SELECT
                [owt].[session_id] AS [Spid],
                [owt].[exec_context_id] AS [Thread],
                [ot].[scheduler_id] AS [Scheduler],
                [owt].[wait_duration_ms] AS [WaitMs],
                [owt].[wait_type] AS [WaitType],
                [owt].[blocking_session_id] AS [BlockingSpid],
                [owt].[resource_description] AS [ResourceDesc],
                CASE [owt].[wait_type]
                    WHEN N'CXPACKET' THEN
                        RIGHT ([owt].[resource_description],
                            CHARINDEX (N'=', REVERSE ([owt].[resource_description])) - 1)
                    ELSE NULL
                END AS [NodeId],
                [eqmg].[dop] AS [Dop],
                [er].[database_id] AS [DbId],
                [est].text AS [SqlText],
                [eqp].[query_plan] AS [QueryPlan],
                CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/waits/' + [owt].[wait_type] as XML) AS [URL]
            FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks [owt]
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_tasks [ot] ON
                [owt].[waiting_task_address] = [ot].[task_address]
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions [es] ON
                [owt].[session_id] = [es].[session_id]
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests [er] ON
                [es].[session_id] = [er].[session_id]
            FULL JOIN sys.dm_exec_query_memory_grants [eqmg] ON
                [owt].[session_id] = [eqmg].[session_id]
            OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text ([er].[sql_handle]) [est]
            OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan ([er].[plan_handle]) [eqp]
            WHERE
                [es].[is_user_process] = $(if (Test-Bound 'IncludeSystemSpid') {0} else {1})
            ORDER BY
                [owt].[session_id],
                [owt].[exec_context_id]
            OPTION(RECOMPILE);"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $results = $server.Query($sql)
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Spid') {
                    if ($row.Spid -notin $Spid) { continue }
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Spid         = $row.Spid
                    Thread       = $row.Thread
                    Scheduler    = $row.Scheduler
                    WaitMs       = $row.WaitMs
                    WaitType     = $row.WaitType
                    BlockingSpid = $row.BlockingSpid
                    ResourceDesc = $row.ResourceDesc
                    NodeId       = $row.NodeId
                    Dop          = $row.Dop
                    DbId         = $row.DbId
                    SqlText      = $row.SqlText
                    QueryPlan    = $row.QueryPlan
                    InfoUrl      = $row.InfoUrl
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty 'SqlText', 'QueryPlan', 'InfoUrl'
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaWaitStatistic {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays wait statistics
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command is based off of Paul Randal's post "Wait statistics, or please tell me where it hurts"
 
            Returns:
                        WaitType
                        Category
                        WaitSeconds
                        ResourceSeconds
                        SignalSeconds
                        WaitCount
                        Percentage
                        AverageWaitSeconds
                        AverageResourceSeconds
                        AverageSignalSeconds
                        URL
 
            Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/wait-statistics-or-please-tell-me-where-it-hurts/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
                $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
                Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Threshold
            Threshold, in percentage of all waits on the system. Default per Paul's post is 95%.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeIgnorable
            Some waits are no big deal and can be safely ignored in most circumstances. If you've got weird issues with mirroring or AGs.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: WaitStatistic
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWaitStatistic
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
 
            Check wait statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -Threshold 98 -IncludeIgnorable
 
            Check wait statistics on server sql2008 for thresholds above 98% and include wait stats that are most often, but not always, ignorable
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 | Select *
 
            Shows detailed notes, if available, from Paul's post
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $output = Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -Threshold 100 -IncludeIgnorable | Select * | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable
              
            Collects all Wait Statistics (including ignorable waits) on server sql2008 into a Data Table.
 
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $output = Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008
            $output
            foreach ($row in ($output | Sort-Object -Unique Url)) { Start-Process ($row).Url }
 
            Displays the output then loads the associated sqlskills website for each result. Opens one tab per unique URL.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$Threshold = 95,
        [switch]$IncludeIgnorable,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $details = [pscustomobject]@{
            CXPACKET                         = "This indicates parallelism, not necessarily that there's a problem. The coordinator thread in a parallel query always accumulates these waits. If the parallel threads are not given equal amounts of work to do, or one thread blocks, the waiting threads will also accumulate CXPACKET waits, which will make them aggregate a lot faster - this is a problem. One thread may have a lot more to do than the others, and so the whole query is blocked while the long-running thread completes. If this is combined with a high number of PAGEIOLATCH_XX waits, it could be large parallel table scans going on because of incorrect non-clustered indexes, or a bad query plan. If neither of these are the issue, you might want to try setting MAXDOP to 4, 2, or 1 for the offending queries (or possibly the whole instance). Make sure that if you have a NUMA system that you try setting MAXDOP to the number of cores in a single NUMA node first to see if that helps the problem. You also need to consider the MAXDOP effect on a mixed-load system. Play with the cost threshold for parallelism setting (bump it up to, say, 25) before reducing the MAXDOP of the whole instance. And don't forget Resource Governor in Enterprise Edition of SQL Server 2008 onward that allows DOP governing for a particular group of connections to the server."
            PAGEIOLATCH_XX                   = "This is where SQL Server is waiting for a data page to be read from disk into memory. It may indicate a bottleneck at the IO subsystem level (which is a common knee-jerk response to seeing these), but why is the I/O subsystem having to service so many reads? It could be buffer pool/memory pressure (i.e. not enough memory for the workload), a sudden change in query plans causing a large parallel scan instead of a seek, plan cache bloat, or a number of other things. Don't assume the root cause is the I/O subsystem."
            ASYNC_NETWORK_IO                 = "This is usually where SQL Server is waiting for a client to finish consuming data. It could be that the client has asked for a very large amount of data or just that it's consuming it reeeeeally slowly because of poor programming – I rarely see this being a network issue. Clients often process one row at a time – called RBAR or Row-By-Agonizing-Row – instead of caching the data on the client and acknowledging to SQL Server immediately."
            WRITELOG                         = "This is the log management system waiting for a log flush to disk. It commonly indicates that the I/O subsystem can't keep up with the log flush volume, but on very high-volume systems it could also be caused by internal log flush limits, that may mean you have to split your workload over multiple databases or even make your transactions a little longer to reduce log flushes. To be sure it is the I/O subsystem, use the DMV sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats to examine the I/O latency for the log file and see if it correlates to the average WRITELOG time. If WRITELOG is longer, you've got internal contention and need to shard. If not, investigate why you're creating so much transaction log."
            BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR           = "This is just Service Broker waiting around for new messages to receive. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            MSQL_XP                          = "This is SQL Server waiting for an extended stored-proc to finish. This could indicate a problem in your XP code."
            OLEDB                            = "As its name suggests, this is a wait for something communicating using OLEDB – e.g. a linked server. However, OLEDB is also used by all DMVs and by DBCC CHECKDB, so don't assume linked servers are the problem – it could be a third-party monitoring tool making excessive DMV calls. If it *is* a linked server (wait times in the 10s or 100s of milliseconds), go to the linked server and do wait stats analysis there to figure out what the performance issue is there."
            BACKUPIO                         = "This can show up when you're backing up to a slow I/O subsystem, like directly to tape, which is slooooow, or over a network."
            LCK_M_XX                         = "This is simply the thread waiting for a lock to be granted and indicates blocking problems. These could be caused by unwanted lock escalation or bad programming, but could also be from I/Os taking a long time causing locks to be held for longer than usual. Look at the resource associated with the lock using the DMV sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks. Don't assume that locking is the root cause."
            ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE              = "This is normal and is part of the background task system (e.g. deferred drop, ghost cleanup). I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            BACKUPBUFFER                     = "This commonly show up with BACKUPIO and is a backup thread waiting for a buffer to write backup data into."
            IO_COMPLETION                    = "This is SQL Server waiting for non-data page I/Os to complete and could be an indication that the I/O subsystem is overloaded if the latencies look high (see Are I/O latencies killing your performance?)"
            SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD              = "This is code running that doesn't hit any resource waits."
            DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE            = "These two are database mirroring just sitting around waiting for something to do. I would add these to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            DBMIRRORING_CMD                  = "These two are database mirroring just sitting around waiting for something to do. I would add these to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            PAGELATCH_XX                     = "This is contention for access to in-memory copies of pages. The most well-known cases of these are the PFS and SGAM contention that can occur in tempdb under certain workloads. To find out what page the contention is on, you'll need to use the DMV sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks to figure out what page the latch is for. For tempdb issues, Robert Davis (blog | twitter) has a good post showing how to do this. Another common cause I've seen is an index hot-spot with concurrent inserts into an index with an identity value key."
            LATCH_XX                         = "This is contention for some non-page structure inside SQL Server – so not related to I/O or data at all. These can be hard to figure out and you're going to be using the DMV sys.dm_os_latch_stats. More on this in my Latches category."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PIPEOPS            = "This is SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something, and this particular wait is usually from using xp_cmdshell. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            THREADPOOL                       = "This says that there aren't enough worker threads on the system to satisfy demand. Commonly this is large numbers of high-DOP queries trying to execute and taking all the threads from the thread pool."
            BROKER_TRANSMITTER               = "This is just Service Broker waiting around for new messages to send. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES            = "Part of SQL Trace. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            DBMIRROR_DBM_MUTEX               = "This one is undocumented and is contention for the send buffer that database mirroring shares between all the mirroring sessions on a server. It could indicate that you've got too many mirroring sessions."
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE               = "This is queries waiting for execution memory (the memory used to process the query operators – like a sort). This could be memory pressure or a very high concurrent workload."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS  = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GENERICOPS         = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH                = "This is normal to see and indicates that checkpoint is throttling itself to avoid overloading the IO subsystem. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            MSQL_DQ                          = "This is SQL Server waiting for a distributed query to finish. This could indicate a problem with the distributed query, or it could just be normal."
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_QUERY_COMPILE = "When there are too many concurrent query compilations going on, SQL Server will throttle them. I don't remember the threshold, but this can indicate excessive recompilation, or maybe single-use plans."
            DAC_INIT                         = "This is the Dedicated Admin Connection initializing."
            MSSEARCH                         = "This is normal to see for full-text operations. If this is the highest wait, it could mean your system is spending most of its time doing full-text queries. You might want to consider adding this to the filter list."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FILEOPS            = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LIBRARYOPS         = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOOKUPACCOUNTSID   = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYREGISTRY      = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            SQLTRACE_LOCK                    = "Part of SQL Trace. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
        }

        # Thanks Brentg Ozar via https://gist.github.com/BrentOzar/42e82ee0603a1917c17d74c3fca26d34
        # Thanks Marcin Gminski‏ via https://www.dropbox.com/s/x3zr7u18tc1ojey/WaitStats.sql?dl=0

        $category = [pscustomobject]@{
            ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION                             = 'Other Disk IO'
            ASYNC_NETWORK_IO                                = 'Network IO'
            BACKUPIO                                        = 'Other Disk IO'
            BROKER_CONNECTION_RECEIVE_TASK                  = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_DISPATCHER                               = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_ENDPOINT_STATE_MUTEX                     = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_EVENTHANDLER                             = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_FORWARDER                                = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_INIT                                     = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_MASTERSTART                              = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR                          = 'User Wait'
            BROKER_REGISTERALLENDPOINTS                     = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_SERVICE                                  = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_SHUTDOWN                                 = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_START                                    = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TASK_SHUTDOWN                            = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TASK_STOP                                = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TASK_SUBMIT                              = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TO_FLUSH                                 = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMISSION_OBJECT                      = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMISSION_TABLE                       = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMISSION_WORK                        = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMITTER                              = 'Service Broker'
            CHECKPOINT_QUEUE                                = 'Idle'
            CHKPT                                           = 'Tran Log IO'
            CLR_AUTO_EVENT                                  = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_CRST                                        = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_JOIN                                        = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_MANUAL_EVENT                                = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_MEMORY_SPY                                  = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_MONITOR                                     = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_RWLOCK_READER                               = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_RWLOCK_WRITER                               = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_SEMAPHORE                                   = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_TASK_START                                  = 'SQL CLR'
            CLRHOST_STATE_ACCESS                            = 'SQL CLR'
            CMEMPARTITIONED                                 = 'Memory'
            CMEMTHREAD                                      = 'Memory'
            CXPACKET                                        = 'Parallelism'
            DBMIRROR_DBM_EVENT                              = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_DBM_MUTEX                              = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE                           = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_SEND                                   = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_WORKER_QUEUE                           = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRRORING_CMD                                 = 'Mirroring'
            DTC                                             = 'Transaction'
            DTC_ABORT_REQUEST                               = 'Transaction'
            DTC_RESOLVE                                     = 'Transaction'
            DTC_STATE                                       = 'Transaction'
            DTC_TMDOWN_REQUEST                              = 'Transaction'
            DTC_WAITFOR_OUTCOME                             = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_ENLIST                                   = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_PREPARE                                  = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_RECOVERY                                 = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_TM                                       = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_TRANSACTION_ENLISTMENT                   = 'Transaction'
            DTCPNTSYNC                                      = 'Transaction'
            EE_PMOLOCK                                      = 'Memory'
            EXCHANGE                                        = 'Parallelism'
            EXTERNAL_SCRIPT_NETWORK_IOF                     = 'Network IO'
            FCB_REPLICA_READ                                = 'Replication'
            FCB_REPLICA_WRITE                               = 'Replication'
            FT_COMPROWSET_RWLOCK                            = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_IFTS_RWLOCK                                  = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT                     = 'Idle'
            FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX                                 = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_IFTSISM_MUTEX                                = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_MASTER_MERGE                                 = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_MASTER_MERGE_COORDINATOR                     = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_METADATA_MUTEX                               = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_PROPERTYLIST_CACHE                           = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_RESTART_CRAWL                                = 'Full Text Search'
            'FULLTEXT GATHERER'                             = 'Full Text Search'
            HADR_AG_MUTEX                                   = 'Replication'
            HADR_AR_CRITICAL_SECTION_ENTRY                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_AR_MANAGER_MUTEX                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_AR_UNLOAD_COMPLETED                        = 'Replication'
            HADR_ARCONTROLLER_NOTIFICATIONS_SUBSCRIBER_LIST = 'Replication'
            HADR_BACKUP_BULK_LOCK                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_BACKUP_QUEUE                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_CLUSAPI_CALL                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_COMPRESSED_CACHE_SYNC                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_CONNECTIVITY_INFO                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_FLOW_CONTROL                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_VERSIONING_STATE                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_RECOVERY                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_RESTART                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_TRANSITION_TO_VERSIONING = 'Replication'
            HADR_DB_COMMAND                                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_DB_OP_COMPLETION_SYNC                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_DB_OP_START_SYNC                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBR_SUBSCRIBER                             = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBR_SUBSCRIBER_FILTER_LIST                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBSEEDING                                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBSEEDING_LIST                             = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBSTATECHANGE_SYNC                         = 'Replication'
            HADR_FABRIC_CALLBACK                            = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_BLOCK_FLUSH                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_FILE_CLOSE                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_FILE_REQUEST                    = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR_IOCOMPLETION              = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_MANAGER                         = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_PREPROC                         = 'Replication'
            HADR_GROUP_COMMIT                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_LOGCAPTURE_SYNC                            = 'Replication'
            HADR_LOGCAPTURE_WAIT                            = 'Replication'
            HADR_LOGPROGRESS_SYNC                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_DEQUEUE                       = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_EXCLUSIVE_ACCESS       = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_STARTUP_SYNC           = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_TERMINATION_SYNC       = 'Replication'
            HADR_PARTNER_SYNC                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_READ_ALL_NETWORKS                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_RECOVERY_WAIT_FOR_CONNECTION               = 'Replication'
            HADR_RECOVERY_WAIT_FOR_UNDO                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_REPLICAINFO_SYNC                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_CANCELLATION                       = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_FILE_LIST                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_LIMIT_BACKUPS                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_SYNC_COMPLETION                    = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_TIMEOUT_TASK                       = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_WAIT_FOR_COMPLETION                = 'Replication'
            HADR_SYNC_COMMIT                                = 'Replication'
            HADR_SYNCHRONIZING_THROTTLE                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_TDS_LISTENER_SYNC                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_TDS_LISTENER_SYNC_PROCESSING               = 'Replication'
            HADR_THROTTLE_LOG_RATE_GOVERNOR                 = 'Log Rate Governor'
            HADR_TIMER_TASK                                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_TRANSPORT_DBRLIST                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_TRANSPORT_SESSION                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_WORK_POOL                                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_WORK_QUEUE                                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_XRF_STACK_ACCESS                           = 'Replication'
            INSTANCE_LOG_RATE_GOVERNOR                      = 'Log Rate Governor'
            IO_COMPLETION                                   = 'Other Disk IO'
            IO_QUEUE_LIMIT                                  = 'Other Disk IO'
            IO_RETRY                                        = 'Other Disk IO'
            LATCH_DT                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_EX                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_KP                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_NL                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_SH                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_UP                                        = 'Latch'
            LAZYWRITER_SLEEP                                = 'Idle'
            LCK_M_BU                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_BU_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_BU_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IS                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IS_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IS_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IU                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IU_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IU_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IX                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IX_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IX_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_NL                                    = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_NL_ABORT_BLOCKERS                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_NL_LOW_PRIORITY                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_S                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_S_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_U                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_U_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_X                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_X_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_X_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_S                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_S_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_U                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_U_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_S                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_S_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_U                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_U_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_X                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_X_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_X_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_S                                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_S_LOW_PRIORITY                            = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_M                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_M_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_M_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_S                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_S_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIU                                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIU_ABORT_BLOCKERS                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIU_LOW_PRIORITY                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIX                                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIX_ABORT_BLOCKERS                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIX_LOW_PRIORITY                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_U                                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_U_LOW_PRIORITY                            = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_UIX                                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_UIX_ABORT_BLOCKERS                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_UIX_LOW_PRIORITY                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_X                                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_X_ABORT_BLOCKERS                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_X_LOW_PRIORITY                            = 'Lock'
            LOGBUFFER                                       = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR                                          = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR_FLUSH                                    = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR_PMM_LOG                                  = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR_QUEUE                                    = 'Idle'
            LOGMGR_RESERVE_APPEND                           = 'Tran Log IO'
            MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT                           = 'Memory'
            MEMORY_GRANT_UPDATE                             = 'Memory'
            MSQL_XACT_MGR_MUTEX                             = 'Transaction'
            MSQL_XACT_MUTEX                                 = 'Transaction'
            MSSEARCH                                        = 'Full Text Search'
            NET_WAITFOR_PACKET                              = 'Network IO'
            ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE                             = 'Idle'
            PAGEIOLATCH_DT                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_EX                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_KP                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_NL                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_SH                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_UP                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGELATCH_DT                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_EX                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_KP                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_NL                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_SH                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_UP                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            POOL_LOG_RATE_GOVERNOR                          = 'Log Rate Governor'
            PREEMPTIVE_ABR                                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLOSEBACKUPMEDIA                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLOSEBACKUPTAPE                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLOSEBACKUPVDIDEVICE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLUSAPI_CLUSTERRESOURCECONTROL       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_COCREATEINSTANCE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_COGETCLASSOBJECT                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_CREATEACCESSOR                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_DELETEROWS                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETCOMMANDTEXT                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETDATA                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETNEXTROWS                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETRESULT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETROWSBYBOOKMARK                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBFLUSH                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBLOCKREGION                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBREADAT                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBSETSIZE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBSTAT                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBUNLOCKREGION                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBWRITEAT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_QUERYINTERFACE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASEACCESSOR                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASEROWS                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASESESSION                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RESTARTPOSITION                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SEQSTRMREAD                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SEQSTRMREADANDWRITE              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SETDATAFAILURE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SETPARAMETERINFO                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SETPARAMETERPROPERTIES           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMLOCKREGION                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSEEKANDREAD                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSEEKANDWRITE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSETSIZE                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSTAT                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMUNLOCKREGION                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CONSOLEWRITE                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CREATEPARAM                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DEBUG                                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSADDLINK                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSLINKEXISTCHECK                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSLINKHEALTHCHECK                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSREMOVELINK                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSREMOVEROOT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSROOTFOLDERCHECK                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSROOTINIT                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSROOTSHARECHECK                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_ABORT                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_ABORTREQUESTDONE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_BEGINTRANSACTION                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_COMMITREQUESTDONE                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_ENLIST                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_PREPAREREQUESTDONE               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FILESIZEGET                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSAOLEDB_ABORTTRANSACTION            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSAOLEDB_COMMITTRANSACTION           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSAOLEDB_STARTTRANSACTION            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSRECOVER_UNCONDITIONALUNDO          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_GETRMINFO                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_HADR_LEASE_MECHANISM                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_HTTP_EVENT_WAIT                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_HTTP_REQUEST                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_LOCKMONITOR                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_MSS_RELEASE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_ODBCOPS                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLE_UNINIT                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_ABORTORCOMMITTRAN              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_ABORTTRAN                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETDATASOURCE                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETLITERALINFO                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETPROPERTIES                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETPROPERTYINFO                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETSCHEMALOCK                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_JOINTRANSACTION                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_RELEASE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_SETPROPERTIES                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDBOPS                             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_ACCEPTSECURITYCONTEXT             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_ACQUIRECREDENTIALSHANDLE          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHORIZATIONOPS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHZGETINFORMATIONFROMCONTEXT    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHZINITIALIZECONTEXTFROMSID     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHZINITIALIZERESOURCEMANAGER    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_BACKUPREAD                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CLOSEHANDLE                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CLUSTEROPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_COMOPS                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_COMPLETEAUTHTOKEN                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_COPYFILE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CREATEDIRECTORY                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CREATEFILE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTACQUIRECONTEXT               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTIMPORTKEY                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTOPS                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DECRYPTMESSAGE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DELETEFILE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DELETESECURITYCONTEXT             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DEVICEIOCONTROL                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DEVICEOPS                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DIRSVC_NETWORKOPS                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DISCONNECTNAMEDPIPE               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DOMAINSERVICESOPS                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DSGETDCNAME                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DTCOPS                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_ENCRYPTMESSAGE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FILEOPS                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FINDFILE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FLUSHFILEBUFFERS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FORMATMESSAGE                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FREECREDENTIALSHANDLE             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FREELIBRARY                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GENERICOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETADDRINFO                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETCOMPRESSEDFILESIZE             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETDISKFREESPACE                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETFILEATTRIBUTES                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETFILESIZE                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETFINALFILEPATHBYHANDLE          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETLONGPATHNAME                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETPROCADDRESS                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETVOLUMENAMEFORVOLUMEMOUNTPOINT  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETVOLUMEPATHNAME                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_INITIALIZESECURITYCONTEXT         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LIBRARYOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOADLIBRARY                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOGONUSER                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOOKUPACCOUNTSID                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_MESSAGEQUEUEOPS                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_MOVEFILE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETGROUPGETUSERS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETLOCALGROUPGETMEMBERS           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETUSERGETGROUPS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETUSERGETLOCALGROUPS             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETUSERMODALSGET                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETVALIDATEPASSWORDPOLICY         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETVALIDATEPASSWORDPOLICYFREE     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_OPENDIRECTORY                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PDH_WMI_INIT                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PIPEOPS                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PROCESSOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYCONTEXTATTRIBUTES            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYREGISTRY                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYSECURITYCONTEXTTOKEN         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_REMOVEDIRECTORY                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_REPORTEVENT                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_REVERTTOSELF                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_RSFXDEVICEOPS                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SECURITYOPS                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SERVICEOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETENDOFFILE                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETFILEPOINTER                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETFILEVALIDDATA                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETNAMEDSECURITYINFO              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SQLCLROPS                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SQMLAUNCH                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_VERIFYSIGNATURE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_VERIFYTRUST                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_VSSOPS                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WAITFORSINGLEOBJECT               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WINSOCKOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WRITEFILE                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WRITEFILEGATHER                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WSASETLASTERROR                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_REENLIST                             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_RESIZELOG                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_ROLLFORWARDREDO                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_ROLLFORWARDUNDO                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SB_STOPENDPOINT                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SERVER_STARTUP                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SETRMINFO                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SHAREDMEM_GETDATA                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SNIOPEN                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SOSHOST                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SOSTESTING                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STARTRM                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STREAMFCB_CHECKPOINT                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STREAMFCB_RECOVER                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STRESSDRIVER                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_TESTING                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_TRANSIMPORT                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_UNMARSHALPROPAGATIONTOKEN            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_VSS_CREATESNAPSHOT                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_VSS_CREATEVOLUMESNAPSHOT             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_CALLBACKEXECUTE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_CX_FILE_OPEN                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_CX_HTTP_CALL                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_DISPATCHER                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_ENGINEINIT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_GETTARGETSTATE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_SESSIONCOMMIT                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETFINALIZE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETINIT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_TIMERRUN                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XETESTING                            = 'Preemptive'
            PWAIT_HADR_ACTION_COMPLETED                     = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_CHANGE_NOTIFIER_TERMINATION_SYNC     = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_CLUSTER_INTEGRATION                  = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_FAILOVER_COMPLETED                   = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_JOIN                                 = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_OFFLINE_COMPLETED                    = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_ONLINE_COMPLETED                     = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_POST_ONLINE_COMPLETED                = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_SERVER_READY_CONNECTIONS             = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_WORKITEM_COMPLETED                   = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADRSIM                                   = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_FT_PARALLEL_QUERY_SYNC = 'Full Text Search'
            QUERY_TRACEOUT                                  = 'Tracing'
            REPL_CACHE_ACCESS                               = 'Replication'
            REPL_HISTORYCACHE_ACCESS                        = 'Replication'
            REPL_SCHEMA_ACCESS                              = 'Replication'
            REPL_TRANFSINFO_ACCESS                          = 'Replication'
            REPL_TRANHASHTABLE_ACCESS                       = 'Replication'
            REPL_TRANTEXTINFO_ACCESS                        = 'Replication'
            REPLICA_WRITES                                  = 'Replication'
            REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH                     = 'Idle'
            RESERVED_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT                  = 'Memory'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE                              = 'Memory'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_QUERY_COMPILE                = 'Compilation'
            SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH                               = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_BUFFERPOOL_HELPLW                         = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_DBSTARTUP                                 = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_DCOMSTARTUP                               = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MASTERDBREADY                             = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MASTERMDREADY                             = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MASTERUPGRADED                            = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MEMORYPOOL_ALLOCATEPAGES                  = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MSDBSTARTUP                               = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_RETRY_VIRTUALALLOC                        = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK                                = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_TASK                                      = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_TEMPDBSTARTUP                             = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_WORKSPACE_ALLOCATEPAGE                    = 'Idle'
            SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD                             = 'CPU'
            SQLCLR_APPDOMAIN                                = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLCLR_ASSEMBLY                                 = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLCLR_DEADLOCK_DETECTION                       = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLCLR_QUANTUM_PUNISHMENT                       = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH                           = 'Idle'
            SQLTRACE_FILE_BUFFER                            = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_FILE_READ_IO_COMPLETION                = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_FILE_WRITE_IO_COMPLETION               = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP                = 'Idle'
            SQLTRACE_PENDING_BUFFER_WRITERS                 = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_SHUTDOWN                               = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES                           = 'Idle'
            THREADPOOL                                      = 'Worker Thread'
            TRACE_EVTNOTIF                                  = 'Tracing'
            TRACEWRITE                                      = 'Tracing'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_DT                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_EX                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_KP                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_NL                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_SH                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_UP                               = 'Transaction'
            TRANSACTION_MUTEX                               = 'Transaction'
            WAIT_FOR_RESULTS                                = 'User Wait'
            WAITFOR                                         = 'User Wait'
            WRITE_COMPLETION                                = 'Other Disk IO'
            WRITELOG                                        = 'Tran Log IO'
            XACT_OWN_TRANSACTION                            = 'Transaction'
            XACT_RECLAIM_SESSION                            = 'Transaction'
            XACTLOCKINFO                                    = 'Transaction'
            XACTWORKSPACE_MUTEX                             = 'Transaction'
            XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT                              = 'Idle'
            XE_TIMER_EVENT                                  = 'Idle'
            ABR                                             = 'Other'
            ASSEMBLY_LOAD                                   = 'SQLCLR'
            ASYNC_DISKPOOL_LOCK                             = 'Buffer I/O'
            BACKUP                                          = 'Backup'
            BACKUP_CLIENTLOCK                               = 'Backup'
            BACKUP_OPERATOR                                 = 'Backup'
            BACKUPBUFFER                                    = 'Backup'
            BACKUPTHREAD                                    = 'Backup'
            BAD_PAGE_PROCESS                                = 'Other'
            BUILTIN_HASHKEY_MUTEX                           = 'Other'
            CHECK_PRINT_RECORD                              = 'Other'
            CPU                                             = 'CPU'
            CURSOR                                          = 'Other'
            CURSOR_ASYNC                                    = 'Other'
            DAC_INIT                                        = 'Other'
            DBCC_COLUMN_TRANSLATION_CACHE                   = 'Other'
            DBTABLE                                         = 'Other'
            DEADLOCK_ENUM_MUTEX                             = 'Latch'
            DEADLOCK_TASK_SEARCH                            = 'Other'
            DEBUG                                           = 'Other'
            DISABLE_VERSIONING                              = 'Other'
            DISKIO_SUSPEND                                  = 'Backup'
            DLL_LOADING_MUTEX                               = 'Other'
            DROPTEMP                                        = 'Other'
            DUMP_LOG_COORDINATOR                            = 'Other'
            DUMP_LOG_COORDINATOR_QUEUE                      = 'Other'
            DUMPTRIGGER                                     = 'Other'
            EC                                              = 'Other'
            EE_SPECPROC_MAP_INIT                            = 'Other'
            ENABLE_VERSIONING                               = 'Other'
            ERROR_REPORTING_MANAGER                         = 'Other'
            EXECSYNC                                        = 'Parallelism'
            EXECUTION_PIPE_EVENT_INTERNAL                   = 'Other'
            FAILPOINT                                       = 'Other'
            FS_GARBAGE_COLLECTOR_SHUTDOWN                   = 'SQLCLR'
            FSAGENT                                         = 'Idle'
            FT_RESUME_CRAWL                                 = 'Other'
            GUARDIAN                                        = 'Other'
            HTTP_ENDPOINT_COLLCREATE                        = 'Other'
            HTTP_ENUMERATION                                = 'Other'
            HTTP_START                                      = 'Other'
            IMP_IMPORT_MUTEX                                = 'Other'
            IMPPROV_IOWAIT                                  = 'Other'
            INDEX_USAGE_STATS_MUTEX                         = 'Latch'
            INTERNAL_TESTING                                = 'Other'
            IO_AUDIT_MUTEX                                  = 'Other'
            KSOURCE_WAKEUP                                  = 'Idle'
            KTM_ENLISTMENT                                  = 'Other'
            KTM_RECOVERY_MANAGER                            = 'Other'
            KTM_RECOVERY_RESOLUTION                         = 'Other'
            LOWFAIL_MEMMGR_QUEUE                            = 'Memory'
            MIRROR_SEND_MESSAGE                             = 'Other'
            MISCELLANEOUS                                   = 'Other'
            MSQL_DQ                                         = 'Network I/O'
            MSQL_SYNC_PIPE                                  = 'Other'
            MSQL_XP                                         = 'Other'
            OLEDB                                           = 'Network I/O'
            PARALLEL_BACKUP_QUEUE                           = 'Other'
            PRINT_ROLLBACK_PROGRESS                         = 'Other'
            QNMANAGER_ACQUIRE                               = 'Other'
            QPJOB_KILL                                      = 'Other'
            QPJOB_WAITFOR_ABORT                             = 'Other'
            QRY_MEM_GRANT_INFO_MUTEX                        = 'Other'
            QUERY_ERRHDL_SERVICE_DONE                       = 'Other'
            QUERY_EXECUTION_INDEX_SORT_EVENT_OPEN           = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_MGR_MUTEX                    = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_SUBSCRIPTION_MUTEX           = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_TABLE_MGR_MUTEX              = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_UNITTEST_MUTEX               = 'Other'
            QUERY_OPTIMIZER_PRINT_MUTEX                     = 'Other'
            QUERY_REMOTE_BRICKS_DONE                        = 'Other'
            RECOVER_CHANGEDB                                = 'Other'
            REQUEST_DISPENSER_PAUSE                         = 'Other'
            RESOURCE_QUEUE                                  = 'Idle'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_MUTEX                        = 'Compilation'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_SMALL_QUERY                  = 'Compilation'
            SEC_DROP_TEMP_KEY                               = 'Other'
            SEQUENTIAL_GUID                                 = 'Other'
            SERVER_IDLE_CHECK                               = 'Idle'
            SHUTDOWN                                        = 'Other'
            SNI_CRITICAL_SECTION                            = 'Other'
            SNI_HTTP_ACCEPT                                 = 'Idle'
            SNI_HTTP_WAITFOR_0_DISCON                       = 'Other'
            SNI_LISTENER_ACCESS                             = 'Other'
            SNI_TASK_COMPLETION                             = 'Other'
            SOAP_READ                                       = 'Full Text Search'
            SOAP_WRITE                                      = 'Full Text Search'
            SOS_CALLBACK_REMOVAL                            = 'Other'
            SOS_DISPATCHER_MUTEX                            = 'Other'
            SOS_LOCALALLOCATORLIST                          = 'Other'
            SOS_OBJECT_STORE_DESTROY_MUTEX                  = 'Other'
            SOS_PROCESS_AFFINITY_MUTEX                      = 'Other'
            SOS_RESERVEDMEMBLOCKLIST                        = 'Memory'
            SOS_STACKSTORE_INIT_MUTEX                       = 'Other'
            SOS_SYNC_TASK_ENQUEUE_EVENT                     = 'Other'
            SOS_VIRTUALMEMORY_LOW                           = 'Memory'
            SOSHOST_EVENT                                   = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_INTERNAL                                = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_MUTEX                                   = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_RWLOCK                                  = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_SEMAPHORE                               = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_SLEEP                                   = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_TRACELOCK                               = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_WAITFORDONE                             = 'Other'
            SQLSORT_NORMMUTEX                               = 'Other'
            SQLSORT_SORTMUTEX                               = 'Other'
            SQLTRACE_LOCK                                   = 'Other'
            SRVPROC_SHUTDOWN                                = 'Other'
            TEMPOBJ                                         = 'Other'
            TIMEPRIV_TIMEPERIOD                             = 'Other'
            UTIL_PAGE_ALLOC                                 = 'Memory'
            VIA_ACCEPT                                      = 'Other'
            VIEW_DEFINITION_MUTEX                           = 'Latch'
            WAITFOR_TASKSHUTDOWN                            = 'Idle'
            WAITSTAT_MUTEX                                  = 'Other'
            WCC                                             = 'Other'
            WORKTBL_DROP                                    = 'Other'
            XE_BUFFERMGR_ALLPROCECESSED_EVENT               = 'Other'
            XE_BUFFERMGR_FREEBUF_EVENT                      = 'Other'
            XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN                              = 'Other'
            XE_MODULEMGR_SYNC                               = 'Other'
            XE_OLS_LOCK                                     = 'Other'
            XE_SERVICES_MUTEX                               = 'Other'
            XE_SESSION_CREATE_SYNC                          = 'Other'
            XE_SESSION_SYNC                                 = 'Other'
            XE_STM_CREATE                                   = 'Other'
            XE_TIMER_MUTEX                                  = 'Other'
            XE_TIMER_TASK_DONE                              = 'Other'
        }

        $ignorable = 'BROKER_EVENTHANDLER', 'BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR', 'BROKER_TASK_STOP',
        'BROKER_TO_FLUSH', 'BROKER_TRANSMITTER', 'CHECKPOINT_QUEUE',
        'CHKPT', 'CLR_AUTO_EVENT', 'CLR_MANUAL_EVENT', 'CLR_SEMAPHORE',
        'DBMIRROR_DBM_EVENT', 'DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE', 'DBMIRROR_WORKER_QUEUE',
        'DBMIRRORING_CMD', 'DIRTY_PAGE_POLL', 'DISPATCHER_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE',
        'EXECSYNC', 'FSAGENT', 'FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT', 'FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX',
        'HADR_CLUSAPI_CALL', 'HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR_IOCOMPLETION', 'HADR_LOGCAPTURE_WAIT',
        'HADR_NOTIFICATION_DEQUEUE', 'HADR_TIMER_TASK', 'HADR_WORK_QUEUE',
        'KSOURCE_WAKEUP', 'LAZYWRITER_SLEEP', 'LOGMGR_QUEUE',
        'MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT', 'ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE', 'PREEMPTIVE_SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS',
        'PARALLEL_REDO_WORKER_WAIT_WORK', 'PREEMPTIVE_HADR_LEASE_MECHANISM',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_LIBRARYOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_COMOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTOPS',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_PIPEOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_GENERICOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_VERIFYTRUST',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_FILEOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_DEVICEOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYREGISTRY',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_WRITEFILE', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_CALLBACKEXECUTE', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_DISPATCHER',
        'PREEMPTIVE_XE_GETTARGETSTATE', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_SESSIONCOMMIT',
        'PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETINIT', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETFINALIZE',
        'PWAIT_ALL_COMPONENTS_INITIALIZED', 'PWAIT_DIRECTLOGCONSUMER_GETNEXT',
        'QDS_PERSIST_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP', 'QDS_ASYNC_QUEUE',
        'QDS_CLEANUP_STALE_QUERIES_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP', 'REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH',
        'RESOURCE_QUEUE', 'SERVER_IDLE_CHECK', 'SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH', 'SLEEP_DBSTARTUP',
        'SLEEP_DCOMSTARTUP', 'SLEEP_MASTERDBREADY', 'SLEEP_MASTERMDREADY',
        'SLEEP_MASTERUPGRADED', 'SLEEP_MSDBSTARTUP', 'SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK', 'SLEEP_TASK',
        'SLEEP_TEMPDBSTARTUP', 'SNI_HTTP_ACCEPT', 'SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS_SLEEP',
        'SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH', 'SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP', 'SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES',
        'WAIT_FOR_RESULTS', 'WAITFOR', 'WAITFOR_TASKSHUTDOWN', 'WAIT_XTP_HOST_WAIT',
        'WAIT_XTP_OFFLINE_CKPT_NEW_LOG', 'WAIT_XTP_CKPT_CLOSE', 'WAIT_XTP_RECOVERY',
        'XE_BUFFERMGR_ALLPROCESSED_EVENT', 'XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN',
        'XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT', 'XE_LIVE_TARGET_TVF', 'XE_TIMER_EVENT'

        if ($IncludeIgnorable) {
            $sql = "WITH [Waits] AS
                (SELECT
                    [wait_type],
                    [wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [WaitS],
                    ([wait_time_ms] - [signal_wait_time_ms]) / 1000.0 AS [ResourceS],
                    [signal_wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [SignalS],
                    [waiting_tasks_count] AS [WaitCount],
                    100.0 * [wait_time_ms] / SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() AS [Percentage],
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [wait_time_ms] DESC) AS [RowNum]
                FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats
                WHERE [waiting_tasks_count] > 0
                )
                SELECT
                    MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) AS [WaitType],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [WaitSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [ResourceSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [SignalSeconds],
                    MAX ([W1].[WaitCount]) AS [WaitCount],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) AS DECIMAL (5,2)) AS [Percentage],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgWaitSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgResSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgSigSeconds],
                    CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/waits/' + MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) as XML) AS [URL]
                FROM [Waits] AS [W1]
                INNER JOIN [Waits] AS [W2]
                    ON [W2].[RowNum] <= [W1].[RowNum]
                GROUP BY [W1].[RowNum] HAVING SUM ([W2].[Percentage]) - MAX([W1].[Percentage]) < $Threshold"
            }
            else {
            $IgnorableList = "'$($ignorable -join "','")'"
            $sql = "WITH [Waits] AS
                (SELECT
                    [wait_type],
                    [wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [WaitS],
                    ([wait_time_ms] - [signal_wait_time_ms]) / 1000.0 AS [ResourceS],
                    [signal_wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [SignalS],
                    [waiting_tasks_count] AS [WaitCount],
                    100.0 * [wait_time_ms] / SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() AS [Percentage],
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [wait_time_ms] DESC) AS [RowNum]
                FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats
                WHERE [waiting_tasks_count] > 0
                AND Cast([wait_type] as VARCHAR(60)) NOT IN ($IgnorableList)
                )
                SELECT
                    MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) AS [WaitType],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [WaitSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [ResourceSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [SignalSeconds],
                    MAX ([W1].[WaitCount]) AS [WaitCount],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) AS DECIMAL (5,2)) AS [Percentage],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgWaitSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgResSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgSigSeconds],
                    CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/waits/' + MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) as XML) AS [URL]
                FROM [Waits] AS [W1]
                INNER JOIN [Waits] AS [W2]
                    ON [W2].[RowNum] <= [W1].[RowNum]
                GROUP BY [W1].[RowNum] HAVING SUM ([W2].[Percentage]) - MAX([W1].[Percentage]) < $Threshold"

            }
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connected to $instance"
            if ($IncludeIgnorable) {
                $excludeColumns = 'Notes'
            }
            else {
                $excludeColumns = 'Notes', 'Ignorable'
            }

            foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                $waitType = $row.WaitType
                if (-not $IncludeIgnorable) {
                    if ($ignorable -contains $waitType) { continue }
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName           = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName           = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    WaitType               = $waitType
                    Category               = ($category).$waitType
                    WaitSeconds            = $row.WaitSeconds
                    ResourceSeconds        = $row.ResourceSeconds
                    SignalSeconds          = $row.SignalSeconds
                    WaitCount              = $row.WaitCount
                    Percentage             = $row.Percentage
                    AverageWaitSeconds     = $row.AvgWaitSeconds
                    AverageResourceSeconds = $row.AvgResSeconds
                    AverageSignalSeconds   = $row.AvgSigSeconds
                    Ignorable              = ($ignorable -contains $waitType)
                    URL                    = $row.URL
                    Notes                  = ($details).$waitType
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $excludeColumns
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaWindowsLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Windows Application events associated with an instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Windows Application events associated with an instance
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The instance(s) to retrieve the event logs from
 
    .PARAMETER Start
        Default: 1970
        Retrieve all events starting from this timestamp.
 
    .PARAMETER End
        Default: Now
        Retrieve all events that happened before this timestamp
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential to be used to connect to the Server. Note this is a Windows credential, as this command requires we communicate with the computer and not with the SQL instance.
 
    .PARAMETER MaxThreads
        Default: Unlimited
        The maximum number of parallel threads used on the local computer.
        Given that those will mostly be waiting for the remote system, there is usually no need to limit this.
 
    .PARAMETER MaxRemoteThreads
        Default: 2
        The maximum number of parallel threads that are executed on the target sql server.
        These processes will cause considerable CPU load, so a low limit is advisable in most scenarios.
        Any value lower than 1 disables the limit
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Author: Drew Furgiuele
        Editor: Friedrich "Fred" Weinmann
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWindowsLog
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $ErrorLogs = Get-DbaWindowsLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
        $ErrorLogs | Where-Object ErrorNumber -eq 18456
 
        Returns all lines in the errorlogs that have event number 18456 in them
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [DateTime]
        $Start = "1/1/1970 00:00:00",

        [DateTime]
        $End = (Get-Date),


        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [int]
        $MaxThreads = 0,

        [int]
        $MaxRemoteThreads = 2,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        #region Helper Functions
        function Start-Runspace {
            $Powershell = [PowerShell]::Create().AddScript($scriptBlock_ParallelRemoting).AddParameter("SqlInstance", $instance).AddParameter("Start", $Start).AddParameter("End", $End).AddParameter("Credential", $Credential).AddParameter("MaxRemoteThreads", $MaxRemoteThreads).AddParameter("ScriptBlock", $scriptBlock_RemoteExecution)
            $Powershell.RunspacePool = $RunspacePool
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Launching remote runspace against <c='green'>$instance</c>" -Target $instance
            $null = $RunspaceCollection.Add((New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ Runspace = $PowerShell.BeginInvoke(); PowerShell = $PowerShell; Instance = $instance.FullSmoName }))
        }

        function Receive-Runspace {
            [Parameter()]
            Param (
                [switch]
                $Wait
            )

            do {
                foreach ($Run in $RunspaceCollection.ToArray()) {
                    if ($Run.Runspace.IsCompleted) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Receiving results from <c='green'>$($Run.Instance)</c>" -Target $Run.Instance
                        $Run.PowerShell.EndInvoke($Run.Runspace)
                        $Run.PowerShell.Dispose()
                        $RunspaceCollection.Remove($Run)
                    }
                }

                if ($Wait -and ($RunspaceCollection.Count -gt 0)) { Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 250 }
            }
            while ($Wait -and ($RunspaceCollection.Count -gt 0))
        }
        #endregion Helper Functions

        #region Scriptblocks
        $scriptBlock_RemoteExecution = {
            Param (
                [System.DateTime]
                $Start,

                [System.DateTime]
                $End,

                [string]
                $InstanceName,

                [int]
                $Throttle
            )

            #region Helper function
            function Convert-ErrorRecord {
                Param (
                    $Line
                )

                if (Get-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Scope 1) {
                    $line2 = (Get-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Scope 1).Value
                    Remove-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Scope 1

                    $groups = [regex]::Matches($line2, '^([\d- :]+.\d\d) (\w+)[ ]+Error: (\d+), Severity: (\d+), State: (\d+)').Groups
                    $groups2 = [regex]::Matches($line, '^[\d- :]+.\d\d \w+[ ]+(.*)$').Groups

                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Timestamp   = [DateTime]::ParseExact($groups[1].Value, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.ff", $null)
                        Spid        = $groups[2].Value
                        Message     = $groups2[1].Value
                        ErrorNumber = [int]($groups[3].Value)
                        Severity    = [int]($groups[4].Value)
                        State       = [int]($groups[5].Value)
                    }
                }

                if ($Line -match '^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d \d\d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d\d[\w ]+((\w+): (\d+)[,\.]\s?){3}') {
                    Set-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Value $Line -Scope 1
                }
            }
            #endregion Helper function

            #region Script that processes an individual file
            $scriptBlock = {
                Param (
                    [System.IO.FileInfo]
                    $File
                )

                try {
                    $stream = New-Object System.IO.FileStream($File.FullName, "Open", "Read", "ReadWrite, Delete")
                    $reader = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($stream)

                    while (-not $reader.EndOfStream) {
                        Convert-ErrorRecord -Line $reader.ReadLine()
                    }
                }
                catch { }
            }
            #endregion Script that processes an individual file

            #region Gather list of files to process
            $eventSource = "MSSQLSERVER"
            if ($InstanceName -notmatch "^DEFAULT$|^MSSQLSERVER$") {
                $eventSource = 'MSSQL$' + $InstanceName
            }

            $event = Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
                LogName      = "Application"
                ID           = 17111
                ProviderName = $eventSource
            } -MaxEvents 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            if (-not $event) { return }

            $path = $event.Properties[0].Value
            $errorLogPath = Split-Path -Path $path
            $errorLogFileName = Split-Path -Path $path -Leaf
            $errorLogFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $errorLogPath | Where-Object { ($_.Name -like "$errorLogFileName*") -and ($_.LastWriteTime -gt $Start) -and ($_.CreationTime -lt $End) }
            #endregion Gather list of files to process

            #region Prepare Runspaces
            [Collections.Arraylist]$RunspaceCollection = @()

            $InitialSessionState = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
            $Command = Get-Item function:Convert-ErrorRecord
            $InitialSessionState.Commands.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateFunctionEntry($command.Name, $command.Definition)))

            $RunspacePool = [RunspaceFactory]::CreateRunspacePool($InitialSessionState)
            $null = $RunspacePool.SetMinRunspaces(1)
            if ($Throttle -gt 0) { $null = $RunspacePool.SetMaxRunspaces($Throttle) }
            $RunspacePool.Open()
            #endregion Prepare Runspaces

            #region Process Error files
            $countDone = 0
            $countStarted = 0
            $countTotal = ($errorLogFiles | Measure-Object).Count

            while ($countDone -lt $countTotal) {
                while (($RunspacePool.GetAvailableRunspaces() -gt 0) -and ($countStarted -lt $countTotal)) {
                    $Powershell = [PowerShell]::Create().AddScript($scriptBlock).AddParameter("File", $errorLogFiles[$countStarted])
                    $Powershell.RunspacePool = $RunspacePool
                    $null = $RunspaceCollection.Add((New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ Runspace = $PowerShell.BeginInvoke(); PowerShell = $PowerShell }))
                    $countStarted++
                }

                foreach ($Run in $RunspaceCollection.ToArray()) {
                    if ($Run.Runspace.IsCompleted) {
                        $Run.PowerShell.EndInvoke($Run.Runspace) | Where-Object { ($_.Timestamp -gt $Start) -and ($_.Timestamp -lt $End) }
                        $Run.PowerShell.Dispose()
                        $RunspaceCollection.Remove($Run)
                        $countDone++
                    }
                }

                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 250
            }
            $RunspacePool.Close()
            $RunspacePool.Dispose()
            #endregion Process Error files
        }

        $scriptBlock_ParallelRemoting = {
            Param (
                [DbaInstanceParameter]
                $SqlInstance,

                [DateTime]
                $Start,

                [DateTime]
                $End,

                [object]
                $Credential,

                [int]
                $MaxRemoteThreads,

                [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
                $ScriptBlock
            )

            $params = @{
                ArgumentList = $Start, $End, $SqlInstance.InstanceName, $MaxRemoteThreads
                ScriptBlock  = $ScriptBlock
            }
            if (-not $SqlInstance.IsLocalhost) { $params["ComputerName"] = $SqlInstance.ComputerName }
            if ($Credential) { $params["Credential"] = $Credential }

            Invoke-Command @params | Select-Object @{ n = "InstanceName"; e = { $SqlInstance.FullSmoName } }, Timestamp, Spid, Severity, ErrorNumber, State, Message
        }
        #endregion Scriptblocks

        #region Setup Runspace
        [Collections.Arraylist]$RunspaceCollection = @()
        $InitialSessionState = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
        $RunspacePool = [RunspaceFactory]::CreateRunspacePool($InitialSessionState)
        $RunspacePool.SetMinRunspaces(1) | Out-Null
        if ($MaxThreads -gt 0) { $null = $RunspacePool.SetMaxRunspaces($MaxThreads) }
        $RunspacePool.Open()

        $countStarted = 0
        $countReceived = 0
        #endregion Setup Runspace
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing <c='green'>$instance</c>" -Target $instance
            Start-Runspace
            Receive-Runspace
        }
    }

    end {
        Receive-Runspace -Wait
        $RunspacePool.Close()
        $RunspacePool.Dispose()
    }
}
function Get-DbaXEObject {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets a list of trace(s) from specified SQL Server instance(s).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function returns a list of Traces on the specified SQL Server instance(s) and identifies the default Trace File
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Type
            Used to specify the type. Valid types include:
 
                Action
                Event
                Map
                Message
                PredicateComparator
                PredicateSource
                Target
                Type
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXEObject -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Lists all the XE Objects on the sql2016 SQL Server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXEObject -SqlInstance sql2017 -Type Action, Event
 
            Lists all the XE Objects of type Action and Event on the sql2017 SQL Server.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet("Type", "Event", "Target", "Action", "Map", "Message", "PredicateComparator", "PredicateSource")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Type) {
            $join = $Type -join "','"
            $where = "AND o.object_type in ('$join')"
            $where.Replace("PredicateComparator", "pred_compare")
            $where.Replace("PredicateSource", "pred_source")
        }
        $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                p.name AS PackageName,
                ObjectType =
                      CASE o.object_type
                         WHEN 'type' THEN 'Type'
                         WHEN 'event' THEN 'Event'
                         WHEN 'target' THEN 'Target'
                         WHEN 'pred_compare' THEN 'PredicateComparator'
                         WHEN 'pred_source' THEN 'PredicateSource'
                         WHEN 'action' THEN 'Action'
                         WHEN 'map' THEN 'Map'
                         WHEN 'message' THEN 'Message'
                         ELSE o.object_type
                      END,
                o.object_type as ObjectTypeRaw,
                o.name AS TargetName,
                o.description as Description
                FROM sys.dm_xe_packages AS p
                JOIN sys.dm_xe_objects AS o ON p.guid = o.package_guid
                WHERE (p.capabilities IS NULL OR p.capabilities & 1 = 0)
                $where
                AND (o.capabilities IS NULL OR o.capabilities & 1 = 0)
                ORDER BY o.object_type
                "
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, ObjectTypeRaw
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting trace data on $server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets a list of Extended Events Sessions from the specified SQL Server instance(s).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves a list of Extended Events Sessions present on the specified SQL Server instance(s).
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Only return specific sessions. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESession
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987
 
            Returns a custom object with ComputerName, SQLInstance, Session, StartTime, Status and other properties.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Format-Table ComputerName, SqlInstance, Session, Status -AutoSize
 
            Returns a formatted table displaying ComputerName, SqlInstance, Session, and Status.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'ServerA\sql987','ServerB' | Get-DbaXESession
 
            Returns a custom object with ComputerName, SqlInstance, Session, StartTime, Status and other properties, from multiple SQL instances.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaXEsSession
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11 -AzureUnsupported
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
                        
            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $XEStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting XEvents Sessions on $instance."

            $xesessions = $XEStore.sessions

            if ($Session) {
                $xesessions = $xesessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
            }

            foreach ($x in $xesessions) {
                $status = switch ($x.IsRunning) { $true { "Running" } $false { "Stopped" } }
                $files = $x.Targets.TargetFields | Where-Object Name -eq Filename | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value

                $filecollection = $remotefile = @()

                if ($files) {
                    foreach ($file in $files) {
                        if ($file -notmatch ':\\' -and $file -notmatch '\\\\') {
                            $directory = $server.ErrorLogPath.TrimEnd("\")
                            $file = "$directory\$file"
                        }
                        $filecollection += $file
                        $remotefile += Join-AdminUnc -servername $server.netName -filepath $file
                    }
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -Value $status
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Session -Value $x.Name
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TargetFile -Value $filecollection
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteTargetFile -Value $remotefile
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Parent -Value $server
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Store -Value $XEStore
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $x -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Status, StartTime, AutoStart, State, Targets, TargetFile, Events, MaxMemory, MaxEventSize
                try {
                    $xesessions.Refresh()
                } catch {
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaXESessionTarget {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get a list of Extended Events Session Targets from the specified SQL Server instance(s).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves a list of Extended Events Session Targets from the specified SQL Server instance(s).
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Only return a specific session. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Target
            Only return a specific target.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Specifies an XE session returned by Get-DbaXESession to search.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESessionTarget
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTarget -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -Session system_health
 
            Shows targets for the system_health session on ServerA\sql987.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session system_health | Get-DbaXESessionTarget
 
            Returns the targets for the system_health session on sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session system_health | Get-DbaXESessionTarget -Target package0.event_file
 
            Return only the package0.event_file target for the system_health session on sql2016.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance", Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Session,
        [string[]]$Target,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "piped", Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin {
        function Get-Target {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Sessions,
                $Session,
                $Server,
                $Target
            )
            
            foreach ($xsession in $Sessions) {
                
                if ($null -eq $server) {
                    $server = $xsession.Parent
                }
                
                if ($Session -and $xsession.Name -notin $Session) { continue }
                $status = switch ($xsession.IsRunning) { $true { "Running" } $false { "Stopped" } }
                $sessionname = $xsession.Name
                
                foreach ($xtarget in $xsession.Targets) {
                    if ($Target -and $xtarget.Name -notin $Target) { continue }
                    
                    $files = $xtarget.TargetFields | Where-Object Name -eq Filename | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value
                    
                    $filecollection = $remotefile = @()
                    
                    if ($files) {
                        foreach ($file in $files) {
                            if ($file -notmatch ':\\' -and $file -notmatch '\\\\') {
                                $directory = $server.ErrorLogPath.TrimEnd("\")
                                $file = "$directory\$file"
                            }
                            $filecollection += $file
                            $remotefile += Join-AdminUnc -servername $server.netName -filepath $file
                        }
                    }
                    
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Session -Value $sessionname
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SessionStatus -Value $status
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TargetFile -Value $filecollection
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteTargetFile -Value $remotefile
                    
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $xtarget -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Session, SessionStatus, Name, ID, 'TargetFields as Field', PackageName, 'TargetFile as File', Description, ScriptName
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session
        }
        Get-Target -Sessions $InputObject -Session $Session -Target $Target
    }
}
function Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get a file system object from the Extended Events Session Target Files.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Get a file system object from the Extended Events Session Target Files.
     
            Note: this performs a Get-ChildItem on remote servers if the specified target SQL Server is remote.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Login to SQL instnace with alternative credentials
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Only return files from a specific session. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Target
            Only return files from a specific target.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Allows results from piping in Get-DbaXESessionTarget.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session 'Long Running Queries'
 
            Shows Target Files for the 'Long Running Queries' session on sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session 'Long Running Queries' | Get-DbaXESessionTarget | Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile
 
            Returns the Target Files for the system_health session on sql2016.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance", Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Session,
        [string[]]$Target,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "piped", Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Target[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaXESessionTarget -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session -Target $Target | Where-Object File -ne $null
        }
        
        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            $computer = [dbainstance]$object.ComputerName
            try {
                if ($computer.IsLocal) {
                    $file = $object.TargetFile
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting $file"
                    Get-ChildItem "$file*" -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                else {
                    $file = $object.RemoteTargetFile
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting $file"
                    Get-ChildItem -Recurse "$file*" -ErrorAction Stop
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Parses Extended Event XML templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Parses Extended Event XML templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).
 
            The default repository contains templates from:
                    Microsoft's Templates that come with SSMS
                    Jes Borland's "Everyday Extended Events" presentation and GitHub repository (https://github.com/grrlgeek/extended-events)
                    Christian Gräfe's XE Repo: https://github.com/chrgraefe/sqlscripts/blob/master/XE-Events/
                    Erin Stellato's Blog: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/erin/
 
            Some profile templates converted using:
                    sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents.sql
                    Jonathan M. Kehayias, SQLskills.com
                    http://sqlskills.com/blogs/jonathan
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to the template directory. Defaults to the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).
 
        .PARAMETER Pattern
            Specify a pattern for filtering. Alternatively, you can use Out-GridView -Passthru to select objects and pipe them to Import-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
        .PARAMETER Template
            Specifies one or more of the templates provided by dbatools. Press tab to cycle through the list of options.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
            Returns information about all the templates in the local dbatools repository.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 | Start-DbaXESession
 
            Allows you to select a Session template, then import it to the specified instance and start the session.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates"
 
            Returns information about all the templates in your local XEventTemplates repository.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTemplate -Pattern duration
 
            Returns information about all the templates that match the word "duration" in the title, category or body.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTemplate | Select-Object *
 
            Returns more information about the template, including the full path/filename.
        #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Path = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates",
        [string]$Pattern,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates-metadata.xml"
        # In case people really want a "like" search, which is slower
        $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace("*", ".*").Replace("..*", ".*")
    }
    process {
        foreach ($directory in $Path) {
            $files = Get-ChildItem "$directory\*.xml"

            if ($Template) {
                $files = $files | Where-Object BaseName -in $Template
            }

            foreach ($file in $files) {
                try {
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content $file)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                }

                foreach ($session in $xml.event_sessions) {
                    $meta = $metadata | Where-Object Name -eq $session.event_session.name
                    if ($Pattern) {
                        if (
                            # There's probably a better way to do this
                            ($session.event_session.name -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateCategory.'#text' -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateSource -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateDescription.'#text' -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateName.'#text' -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($meta.Source -match $Pattern)
                        ) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                Name          = $session.event_session.name
                                Category      = $session.event_session.TemplateCategory.'#text'
                                Source        = $meta.Source
                                Compatibility = ("$($meta.Compatibility)").ToString().Replace(",", "")
                                Description   = $session.event_session.TemplateDescription.'#text'
                                TemplateName  = $session.event_session.TemplateName.'#text'
                                Path          = $file
                                File          = $file.Name
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, TemplateName, Path
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            Name          = $session.event_session.name
                            Category      = $session.event_session.TemplateCategory.'#text'
                            Source        = $meta.Source
                            Compatibility = $meta.Compatibility.ToString().Replace(",", "")
                            Description   = $session.event_session.TemplateDescription.'#text'
                            TemplateName  = $session.event_session.TemplateName.'#text'
                            Path          = $file
                            File          = $file.Name
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, TemplateName, Path
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Gets an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job created by Start-DbaXESmartTarget.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Gets an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job created by Start-DbaXESmartTarget.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESmartTarget
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESmartTarget
 
            Gets an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job created by Start-DbaXESmartTarget.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        try {
            Get-Job | Where-Object Name -Match SmartTarget | Select-Object -Property ID, Name, State
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaXEStore {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Get a Extended Events store
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Get a Extended Events store
 
       .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXEStore
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXEStore -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987
 
            Returns an XEvent Store.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $store = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.NetName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $store -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ServerName, Sessions, Packages, RunningSessionCount
        }
    }
}
function Import-DbaCsvToSql {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Efficiently imports very large (and small) CSV files into SQL Server using only the .NET Framework and PowerShell.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Import-DbaCsvToSql takes advantage of .NET's super fast SqlBulkCopy class to import CSV files into SQL Server at up to 90,000 rows a second.
 
            The entire import is contained within a transaction, so if a failure occurs or the script is aborted, no changes will persist.
 
            If the table specified does not exist, it will be automatically created using best guessed data types. In addition, the destination table can be truncated prior to import.
 
            The Query parameter will be used to import only the data returned from a SQL Query executed against the CSV file(s). This function supports a number of bulk copy options. Please see parameter list for details.
 
        .PARAMETER CSV
            Specifies path to the CSV file(s) to be imported. Multiple files may be imported if they are formatted similarly.
 
            If no file is specified, a dialog box will appear to select your file(s).
 
        .PARAMETER FirstRowColumns
            If this switch is enabled, the first row in the file will be used as column names for the data being imported.
 
            If the first row does not contain column names and -Query is specified, use field names "column1, column2, column3" and so on.
 
        .PARAMETER Delimiter
            Specifies the delimiter used in the imported file(s). If no delimiter is specified, comma is assumed.
 
            Valid delimiters are '`t`, '|', ';',' ' and ',' (tab, pipe, semicolon, space, and comma).
 
        .PARAMETER SingleColumn
            Specifies that the file contains a single column of data
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to import data into.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the name of the database the CSV will be imported into. Options for this this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Schema
            Specifies the schema in which the SQL table or view where CSV will be imported into resides. Default is dbo
 
            If a schema name is not specified, and a CSV name with multiple dots is specified (ie; something.data.csv) then this will be interpreted as a request to import into a table [data] in the schema [something].
 
            If a schema does not currently exist, it will be created, after a prompt to confirm this. Authorization will be set to dbo by default
 
        .PARAMETER Table
            Specifies the SQL table or view where CSV will be imported into.
 
            If a table name is not specified, the table name will be automatically determined from the filename, and a prompt will appear to confirm the table name.
 
            If a table does not currently exist, it will created. SQL datatypes are determined from the first row of the CSV that contains data (skips first row if -FirstRowColumns is specified). Datatypes used are: bigint, numeric, datetime and varchar(MAX).
 
            If the automatically generated table datatypes do not work for you, please create the table prior to import.
 
        .PARAMETER Truncate
            If this switch is enabled, the destination table will be truncated prior to import.
 
        .PARAMETER Safe
            If this switch is enabled, OleDb is used to import the records. By default, Import-DbaCsvToSql uses StreamReader for imports. StreamReader is super fast, but may not properly parse some files.
 
            When using OleDb the import will be slower but more predictable when it comes to parsing CSV files. A schema.ini is automatically generated for best results. If schema.ini currently exists in the directory, it will be moved to a temporary location, then moved back.
 
            OleDB also enables the script to use the -Query parameter, which enables you to import specific subsets of data within a CSV file. OleDB imports at up to 21,000 rows/sec.
 
        .PARAMETER Turbo
            If this switch is enabled, a Table Lock will be created for the import to make the import run as fast as possible. Depending upon the number of columns and datatypes, this may be over 90,000 records per second.
 
            This switch cannot be used in conjunction with -Query.
 
            Remember the Turbo button? This one actually works. Turbo is mega fast, but may not handle some datatypes as well as other methods.
 
            If your CSV file is rather vanilla and doesn't have a ton of NULLs, Turbo may work well for you.
 
        .PARAMETER First
            Specifies the number of rows to import. If this parameter is omitted, the entire file is imported. Row counts start at the top of the file, but skip the first row if -FirstRowColumns is specified.
 
            Use -Query if you need advanced First (TOP) functionality.
 
        .PARAMETER Query
            Specifies a query to execute against the CSV data to select/modify the data being imported.
 
            To make command line queries easy, this module will convert the word "csv" to the actual CSV formatted table name. If the FirstRowColumns switch is not used, the query should use column1, column2, column3, etc.
 
            Cannot be used in conjunction with -Turbo or -First. When -Query is specified, the slower import method, OleDb, will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER NotifyAfter
            Specifies the import row count interval for reporting progress. A notification will be shown after each group of this many rows has been imported.
 
        .PARAMETER BatchSize
            Specifies the batch size for the import. Defaults to 50000.
 
        .PARAMETER TableLock
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to acquire a table lock will be used. This is automatically used if -Turbo is enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Obtain a bulk update lock for the duration of the bulk copy operation. When not
            specified, row locks are used."
 
        .PARAMETER CheckConstraints
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to check constraints will be used.
 
            Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked."
 
        .PARAMETER FireTriggers
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to allow insert triggers to be executed will be used.
 
            Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the database."
 
        .PARAMETER KeepIdentity
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to keep identity values from the source will be used.
 
            Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination."
 
        .PARAMETER KeepNulls
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to keep NULL values in the table will be used.
 
            Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable."
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://blog.netnerds.net/2015/09/Import-DbaCsvtosql-super-fast-csv-to-sql-server-import-powershell-module/
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv C:\temp\housing.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets
 
            Imports the entire comma-delimited housing.csv to the SQL "markets" database on a SQL Server named sql001.
 
            Since a table name was not specified, the table name is automatically determined from filename as "housing" and a prompt will appear to confirm table name.
 
            The first row is not skipped, as it does not contain column names.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv .\housing.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets -Table housing -First 100000 -Safe -Delimiter "`t" -FirstRowColumns
 
            Imports the first 100,000 rows of the tab delimited housing.csv file to the "housing" table in the "markets" database on a SQL Server named sql001. Since -Safe was specified, the OleDB method will be used for the bulk import. The first row is skipped, as it contains column names.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -csv C:\temp\huge.txt -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database locations -Table latitudes -Delimiter "|" -Turbo
 
            Imports all records from the pipe delimited huge.txt file using the fastest method possible into the latitudes table within the locations database. Obtains a table lock for the duration of the bulk copy operation. This specific command has been used
            to import over 10.5 million rows in 2 minutes.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv C:\temp\housing.csv, .\housing2.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets -Table housing -Delimiter "`t" -query "select top 100000 column1, column3 from csv" -Truncate
 
            Truncates the "housing" table, then imports columns 1 and 3 of the first 100000 rows of the tab-delimited housing.csv in the C:\temp directory, and housing2.csv in the current directory. Since the query is executed against both files, a total of 200,000 rows will be imported.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv C:\temp\housing.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets -Table housing -query "select address, zip from csv where state = 'Louisiana'" -FirstRowColumns -Truncate -FireTriggers
 
            Uses the first line to determine CSV column names. Truncates the "housing" table on the SQL Server, then imports the address and zip columns from all records in the housing.csv where the state equals Louisiana.
 
            Triggers are fired for all rows. Note that this does slightly slow down the import.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv c:\temp\SingleColumn.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets -Table TempTable -SingleColumn
 
            Upload the single column Csv SingleColumn.csv to Temptable which has just one column
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv "\\FileServer\To Import\housing.csv" -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets
 
            Imports the entire comma-delimited housing.csv located in the share named "To Import" on FileServer to the SQL "markets" database on a SQL Server named sql001.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv '\\FileServer\R$\To Import\housing.csv' -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets
 
            Imports the entire comma-delimited housing.csv located in the directory R:\To Import on FileServer using the administrative share to the SQL "markets" database on a SQL Server named sql001.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [string[]]$Csv,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Table,
        [string]$Schema = "dbo",
        [switch]$Truncate,
        [ValidateSet("`t", "|", ";", " ", ",")]
        [string]$Delimiter = ",",
        [switch]$SingleColumn,
        [switch]$FirstRowColumns,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "reader")]
        [switch]$Turbo,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "ole")]
        [switch]$Safe,
        [int]$First = 0,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "ole")]
        [string]$Query = "select * from csv",
        [int]$BatchSize = 50000,
        [int]$NotifyAfter,
        [switch]$TableLock,
        [switch]$CheckConstraints,
        [switch]$FireTriggers,
        [switch]$KeepIdentity,
        [switch]$KeepNulls,
        #[Parameter(DontShow)]
        [switch]$shellswitch,
        #[Parameter(DontShow)]
        [string]$SqlCredentialPath
    )

    DynamicParam {

        if ($SqlInstance.length -gt 0) {
            # Auto populate database list from specified sqlserver
            $paramconn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection

            if ($SqlCredentialPath.length -gt 0) {
                $SqlCredential = Import-CliXml $SqlCredentialPath
            }

            if ($SqlCredential.count -eq 0 -or $null -eq $SqlCredential) {
                $paramconn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;Integrated Security=True;"
            }
            else {
                $paramconn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;User Id=$($SqlCredential.UserName); Password=$($SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password);"
            }

            try {
                $paramconn.Open()
                $sql = "select name from master.dbo.sysdatabases"
                $paramcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $paramconn, $null)
                $paramdt = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
                $paramdt.Load($paramcmd.ExecuteReader())
                $databaselist = $paramdt.rows.name
                $null = $paramcmd.Dispose()
                $null = $paramconn.Close()
                $null = $paramconn.Dispose()
            }
            catch {
                # But if the routine fails, at least let them specify a database manually
                $databaselist = ""
            }

            # Reusable parameter setup
            $newparams = New-Object System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary
            $attributes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute
            $attributes.Mandatory = $false

            # Database list parameter setup
            $dbattributes = New-Object -Type System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection[System.Attribute]
            $dbattributes.Add($attributes)
            # If a list of databases were returned, populate the parameter set
            if ($databaselist.length -gt 0) {
                $dbvalidationset = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ValidateSetAttribute -ArgumentList $databaselist
                $dbattributes.Add($dbvalidationset)
            }

            $Database = New-Object -Type System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameter("Database", [String], $dbattributes)
            $newparams.Add("Database", $Database)
            return $newparams
        }
    }

    begin {
        function Get-Columns {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    TextFieldParser will be used instead of an OleDbConnection.
                    This is because the OleDbConnection driver may not exist on x64.
 
                .EXAMPLE
                    $columns = Get-Columns -Csv .\myfile.csv -Delimiter "," -FirstRowColumns $true
 
                .OUTPUTS
                    Array of column names
            #>

            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string[]]$Csv,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string]$Delimiter,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [bool]$FirstRowColumns
            )

            $columnparser = New-Object Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.TextFieldParser($csv[0])
            $columnparser.TextFieldType = "Delimited"
            $columnparser.SetDelimiters($Delimiter)
            $rawcolumns = $columnparser.ReadFields()

            if ($FirstRowColumns -eq $true) {
                $columns = ($rawcolumns | ForEach-Object { $_ -Replace '"' } | Select-Object -Property @{ Name = "name"; Expression = { "[$_]" } }).name
            }
            else {
                $columns = @()
                foreach ($number in 1..$rawcolumns.count) {
                    $columns += "[column$number]"
                }
            }

            $columnparser.Close()
            $columnparser.Dispose()
            return $columns
        }

        function Get-ColumnText {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Returns an array of data, which can later be parsed for potential datatypes.
 
                .EXAMPLE
                    $columns = Get-Columns -Csv .\myfile.csv -Delimiter ","
 
                .OUTPUTS
                    Array of column data
             #>
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string[]]$Csv,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string]$Delimiter
            )
            $columnparser = New-Object Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.TextFieldParser($csv[0])
            $columnparser.TextFieldType = "Delimited"
            $columnparser.SetDelimiters($Delimiter)
            $line = $columnparser.ReadLine()
            # Skip a line, in case first line are column names
            $line = $columnparser.ReadLine()
            $datatext = $columnparser.ReadFields()
            $columnparser.Close()
            $columnparser.Dispose()
            return $datatext
        }

        function Write-Schemaini {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Unfortunately, passing delimiter within the OleDBConnection connection string is unreliable, so we'll use schema.ini instead. The default delimiter in Windows changes depending on country, so we'll do this for every delimiter, even commas.
 
                    Get OLE datatypes based on best guess of column data within the -Columns parameter.
 
                    Sometimes SQL will accept a datetime that OLE won't, so Text will be used for datetime.
 
                .EXAMPLE
                    $columns = Get-Columns -Csv C:\temp\myfile.csv -Delimiter ","
                    $movedschemainis = Write-Schemaini -Csv C:\temp\myfile.csv -Columns $columns -ColumnText $columntext -Delimiter "," -FirstRowColumns $true
 
                .OUTPUTS
                    Creates new schema files, that look something like this:
 
                    [housingdata.csv]
                    Format=Delimited(,)
                    ColNameHeader=True
                    Col1="House ID" Long
                    Col2="Description" Memo
                    Col3="Price" Double
 
                    Returns an array of existing schema files that have been moved, if any.
             #>
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string[]]$Csv,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string[]]$Columns,
                [string[]]$ColumnText,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string]$Delimiter,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [bool]$FirstRowColumns
            )

            $movedschemainis = @{ }
            foreach ($file in $csv) {
                $directory = Split-Path $file
                $schemaexists = Test-Path "$directory\schema.ini"
                if ($schemaexists -eq $true) {
                    $newschemaname = "$env:TEMP\$(Split-Path $file -leaf)-schema.ini"
                    $movedschemainis.Add($newschemaname, "$directory\schema.ini")
                    Move-Item "$directory\schema.ini" $newschemaname -Force
                }

                $filename = Split-Path $file -leaf; $directory = Split-Path $file
                Add-Content -Path "$directory\schema.ini" -Value "[$filename]"
                Add-Content -Path "$directory\schema.ini" -Value "Format=Delimited($InternalDelimiter)"
                Add-Content -Path "$directory\schema.ini" -Value "ColNameHeader=$FirstRowColumns"

                $index = 0
                $olecolumns = ($columns | ForEach-Object { $_ -Replace "\[|\]", '"' })

                foreach ($datatype in $columntext) {
                    $olecolumnname = $olecolumns[$index]
                    $index++

                    try {
                        [System.Guid]::Parse($datatype) | Out-Null; $isguid = $true
                    }
                    catch {
                        $isguid = $false
                    }

                    if ($isguid -eq $true) {
                        $oledatatype = "Text"
                    }
                    elseif ([int64]::TryParse($datatype, [ref]0) -eq $true) {
                        $oledatatype = "Long"
                    }
                    elseif ([double]::TryParse($datatype, [ref]0) -eq $true) {
                        $oledatatype = "Double"
                    }
                    elseif ([datetime]::TryParse($datatype, [ref]0) -eq $true) {
                        $oledatatype = "Text"
                    }
                    else {
                        $oledatatype = "Memo"
                    }

                    Add-Content -Path "$directory\schema.ini" -Value "Col$($index)`=$olecolumnname $oledatatype"
                }
            }
            return $movedschemainis
        }

        function New-SqlTable {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Creates new Table using existing SqlCommand.
 
                    SQL datatypes based on best guess of column data within the -ColumnText parameter.
                    Columns parameter determine column names.
 
                .EXAMPLE
                    New-SqlTable -Csv $Csv -Delimiter $InternalDelimiter -Columns $columns -ColumnText $columntext -SqlConn $sqlconn -Transaction $transaction
 
                .OUTPUTS
                    Creates new table
            #>

            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string[]]$Csv,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string]$Delimiter,
                [string[]]$Columns,
                [string[]]$ColumnText,
                [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]$sqlconn,
                [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlTransaction]$transaction
            )
            # Get SQL datatypes by best guess on first data row
            $sqldatatypes = @(); $index = 0

            foreach ($column in $columntext) {
                $sqlcolumnname = $Columns[$index]
                $index++

                # bigint, float, and datetime are more accurate, but it didn't work
                # as often as it should have, so we'll just go for a smaller datatype
                if ([int64]::TryParse($column, [ref]0) -eq $true) {
                    $sqldatatype = "varchar(255)"
                }
                elseif ([double]::TryParse($column, [ref]0) -eq $true) {
                    $sqldatatype = "varchar(255)"
                }
                elseif ([datetime]::TryParse($column, [ref]0) -eq $true) {
                    $sqldatatype = "varchar(255)"
                }
                else {
                    $sqldatatype = "varchar(MAX)"
                }

                $sqldatatypes += "$sqlcolumnname $sqldatatype"
            }

            $sql = "BEGIN CREATE TABLE [$schema].[$table] ($($sqldatatypes -join ' NULL,')) END"
            $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
            try {
                $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            }
            catch {
                $errormessage = $_.Exception.Message.ToString()
                throw "Failed to execute $sql. `nDid you specify the proper delimiter? `n$errormessage"
            }

            Write-Output "[*] Successfully created table $schema.$table with the following column definitions:`n $($sqldatatypes -join "`n ")"
            # Write-Warning "All columns are created using a best guess, and use their maximum datatype."
            Write-Warning "This is inefficient but allows the script to import without issues."
            Write-Warning "Consider creating the table first using best practices if the data will be used in production."
        }


        if ($shellswitch -eq $false) { Write-Output "[*] Started at $(Get-Date)" }

        # Load the basics
        [void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Data")
        [void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.VisualBasic")
        [void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Windows.Forms")

        # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension.
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete

        $source = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient
        {
            using Reflection;
 
            public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension
            {
                const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied";
                static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null;
 
                public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy)
                {
                    if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance);
                    return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy);
                }
            }
        }
    '
        Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies 'System.Data.dll' -TypeDefinition $source -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    }

    process {
        # turbo mode requires a table lock, or it's just regular fast
        if ($turbo -eq $true) {
            $tablelock = $true
        }

        # Hack to get around the delimter parameter ValidateSet
        if ($SingleColumn -eq $true) {
            $InternalDelimiter = ''
        }
        else {
            $InternalDelimiter = $Delimiter
        }

        # The query parameter requires OleDB which is invoked by the "safe" variable
        # Actually, a select could be performed on the datatable used in StreamReader, too.
        # Maybe that will be done later.
        if ($query -ne "select * from csv") {
            $safe = $true
        }

        if ($first -gt 0 -and $query -ne "select * from csv") {
            throw "Cannot use both -Query and -First. If a query is necessary, use TOP $first within your SQL statement."
        }

        # In order to support -First in both Streamreader, and OleDb imports, the query must be modified slightly.
        if ($first -gt 0) {
            $query = "select top $first * from csv"
        }

        # If shell switch occured, and encrypted SQL credentials were written to disk, create $SqlCredential
        if ($SqlCredentialPath.length -gt 0) {
            $SqlCredential = Import-CliXml $SqlCredentialPath
        }

        # Get Database string from RuntimeDefinedParameter if required
        if ($database -isnot [string]) {
            $database = $PSBoundParameters.Database
        }
        if ($database.length -eq 0) {
            throw "You must specify a database."
        }

        # Check to ensure a Windows account wasn't used as a SQL Credential
        if ($SqlCredential.count -gt 0 -and $SqlCredential.UserName -like "*\*") {
            throw "Only SQL Logins can be used as a SqlCredential."
        }

        # If no CSV was specified, prompt the user to select one.
        if ($csv.length -eq 0) {
            $fd = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog
            $fd.InitialDirectory = [environment]::GetFolderPath("MyDocuments")
            $fd.Filter = "CSV Files (*.csv;*.tsv;*.txt)|*.csv;*.tsv;*.txt"
            $fd.Title = "Select one or more CSV files"
            $fd.MultiSelect = $true
            $null = $fd.showdialog()
            $csv = $fd.filenames
            if ($csv.length -eq 0) {
                throw "No CSV file selected."
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($file in $csv) {
                $exists = Test-Path $file
                if ($exists -eq $false) {
                    throw "$file does not exist"
                }
            }
        }

        # Resolve the full path of each CSV
        $resolvedcsv = @()
        foreach ($file in $csv) {
            $resolvedcsv += (Resolve-Path $file).ProviderPath
        }
        $csv = $resolvedcsv

        # UniqueIdentifier kills OLE DB / SqlBulkCopy imports. Check to see if destination table contains this datatype.
        if ($safe -eq $true) {
            $sqlcheckconn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
            if ($SqlCredential.count -eq 0 -or $null -eq $SqlCredential) {
                $sqlcheckconn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;Integrated Security=True;Connection Timeout=3; Initial Catalog=master"
            }
            else {
                $username = ($SqlCredential.UserName).TrimStart("\")
                $sqlcheckconn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;User Id=$username; Password=$($SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password);Connection Timeout=3; Initial Catalog=master"
            }

            try {
                $sqlcheckconn.Open()
            }
            catch {
                throw $_.Exception
            }

            # Ensure database exists
            $sql = "select count(*) from master.dbo.sysdatabases where name = '$database'"
            $sqlcheckcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlcheckconn)
            $dbexists = $sqlcheckcmd.ExecuteScalar()
            if ($dbexists -eq $false) {
                throw "Database does not exist on $SqlInstance"
            }

            # Change database after the fact, because if db doesn't exist, the login would fail.
            $sqlcheckconn.ChangeDatabase($database)

            $sql = "SELECT t.name as datatype FROM sys.columns c
                JOIN sys.types t ON t.system_type_id = c.system_type_id
                WHERE c.object_id = object_id('$schema.$table') and t.name != 'sysname'"
            $sqlcheckcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlcheckconn)
            $sqlcolumns = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
            $sqlcolumns.load($sqlcheckcmd.ExecuteReader("CloseConnection"))
            $sqlcheckconn.Dispose()
            if ($sqlcolumns.datatype -contains "UniqueIdentifier") {
                throw "UniqueIdentifier not supported by OleDB/SqlBulkCopy. Query and Safe cannot be supported."
            }
        }

        if ($safe -eq $true) {
            # Check for drivers. First, ACE (Access) if file is smaller than 2GB, then JET
            # ACE doesn't handle files larger than 2gb. What gives?
            foreach ($file in $csv) {
                $filesize = (Get-ChildItem $file).Length / 1GB
                if ($filesize -gt 1.99) {
                    $jetonly = $true
                }
            }

            if ($jetonly -ne $true) {
                $provider = (New-Object System.Data.OleDb.OleDbEnumerator).GetElements() | Where-Object { $_.SOURCES_NAME -like "Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.*" }
            }

            if ($null -eq $provider) {
                $provider = (New-Object System.Data.OleDb.OleDbEnumerator).GetElements() | Where-Object { $_.SOURCES_NAME -like "Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.*" }
            }

            # If a suitable provider cannot be found (If x64 and Access hasn't been installed)
            # switch to x86, because it natively supports JET
            if ($null -ne $provider) {
                if ($provider -is [system.array]) {
                    $provider = $provider[$provider.GetUpperBound(0)].SOURCES_NAME
                }
                else {
                    $provider = $provider.SOURCES_NAME
                }
            }

            # If a provider doesn't exist, it is necessary to switch to x86 which natively supports JET.
            if ($null -eq $provider) {
                # While Install-Module takes care of installing modules to x86 and x64, Import-Module doesn't.
                # Because of this, the Module must be exported, written to file, and imported in the x86 shell.
                $definition = (Get-Command Import-DbaCsvToSql).Definition
                $function = "Function Import-DbaCsvToSql { $definition }"
                Set-Content "$env:TEMP\Import-DbaCsvToSql.psm1" $function

                # Encode the SQL string, since some characters may mess up after being passed a second time.
                $bytes = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($query)
                $query = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes)

                # Put switches back into proper format
                $switches = @()
                $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default", "Truncate", "FirstRowColumns", "Safe"
                foreach ($option in $options) {
                    $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                        $switches += "-$option"
                    }
                }

                # Perform the actual switch, which removes any registered Import-DbaCsvToSql modules
                # Then imports, and finally re-executes the command.
                $csv = $csv -join ","; $switches = $switches -join " "
                if ($SqlCredential.count -gt 0) {
                    $SqlCredentialPath = "$env:TEMP\sqlcredential.xml"
                    Export-CliXml -InputObject $SqlCredential $SqlCredentialPath
                }
                $command = "Import-DbaCsvToSql -Csv $csv -SqlInstance '$SqlInstance'-Database '$database' -Table '$table' -Delimiter '$InternalDelimiter' -First $First -Query '$query' -Batchsize $BatchSize -NotifyAfter $NotifyAfter $switches -shellswitch"

                if ($SqlCredentialPath.length -gt 0) {
                    $command += " -SqlCredentialPath $SqlCredentialPath"
                }
                Write-Verbose "Switching to x86 shell, then switching back."
                &"$env:windir\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell.exe" "$command"
                return
            }
        }

        # Do the first few lines contain the specified delimiter?
        foreach ($file in $csv) {
            try { $firstfewlines = Get-Content $file -First 3 -ErrorAction Stop }
            catch { throw "$file is in use." }
            if ($SingleColumn -ne $true ) {
                foreach ($line in $firstfewlines) {
                    if (($line -match $InternalDelimiter) -eq $false) {
                        throw "Delimiter $InternalDelimiter not found in first row of $file."
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # If more than one csv specified, check to ensure number of columns match
        if ($csv -is [system.array]) {
            if ($SingleColumn -ne $true) {
                $numberofcolumns = ((Get-Content $csv[0] -First 1 -ErrorAction Stop) -Split $InternalDelimiter).Count

                foreach ($file in $csv) {
                    $firstline = Get-Content $file -First 1 -ErrorAction Stop
                    $newnumcolumns = ($firstline -Split $InternalDelimiter).Count
                    if ($newnumcolumns -ne $numberofcolumns) {
                        throw "Multiple csv file mismatch. Do both use the same delimiter and have the same number of columns?"
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Automatically generate Table name if not specified, then prompt user to confirm
        if ($table.length -eq 0) {
            $table = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($csv[0])

            #Count the dots in the file name.
            #1 dot, treat it as schema.table naming
            #2 or more dots, really should catch it as bad practice, but the rest of the script appears to let it pass
            if (($table.ToCharArray() | Where-Object {$_ -eq '.'} | Measure-Object).count -gt 0) {
                if (($schema -ne $table.Split('.')[0]) -and ($schema -ne 'dbo')) {
                    $title = "Conflicting schema names specified"
                    $message = "Please confirm which schema you want to use."
                    $schemaA = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&A - $schema", "Use schema name $schema for import."
                    $schemaB = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&B - $($table.Split('.')[0])", "Use schema name $($table.Split('.')[0]) for import."
                    $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($schemaA, $schemaB)
                    $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)
                    if ($result -eq 1) {
                        $schema = $table.Split('.')[0]
                        $tmparray = $table.split('.')
                        $table = $tmparray[1..$tmparray.Length] -join '.'
                    }
                }

            }
            else {
                $title = "Table name not specified."
                $message = "Would you like to use the automatically generated name: $table"
                $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Uses table name $table for import."
                $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Allows you to specify an alternative table name."
                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)
                if ($result -eq 1) {
                    do {
                        $table = Read-Host "Please enter a table name"
                    }
                    while ($table.Length -eq 0)
                }

            }
        }

        # If the shell has switched, decode the $query string.
        if ($shellswitch -eq $true) {
            $bytes = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($Query)
            $query = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString($bytes)
            $csv = $csv -Split ","
        }

        # Create columns based on first data row of first csv.
        if ($SingleColumn -ne $true) {
            Write-Output "[*] Calculating column names and datatypes"
            $columns = Get-Columns -Csv $Csv -Delimiter $InternalDelimiter -FirstRowColumns $FirstRowColumns
            if ($columns.count -gt 255 -and $safe -eq $true) {
                throw "CSV must contain fewer than 256 columns."
            }
        }

        if ($SingleColumn -ne $true) {
            $columntext = Get-ColumnText -Csv $Csv -Delimiter $InternalDelimiter
        }

        # OLEDB method requires extra checks
        if ($safe -eq $true) {
            # Advanced SQL queries may not work (SqlBulkCopy likes a 1 to 1 mapping), so warn the user.
            if ($Query -match "GROUP BY" -or $Query -match "COUNT") {
                Write-Warning "Script doesn't really support the specified query. This probably won't work, but will be attempted anyway."
            }

            # Check for proper SQL syntax, which for the purposes of this module must include the word "table"
            if ($query.ToLower() -notmatch "\bcsv\b") {
                throw "SQL statement must contain the word 'csv'. Please see this module's documentation for more details."
            }

            # In order to ensure consistent results, a schema.ini file must be created.
            # If a schema.ini already exists, it will be moved to TEMP temporarily.
            Write-Verbose "Creating schema.ini"
            $movedschemainis = Write-Schemaini -Csv $Csv -Columns $columns -Delimiter "$InternalDelimiter" -FirstRowColumns $FirstRowColumns -ColumnText $columntext
        }

        # Display SQL Server Login info
        if ($sqlcredential.count -gt 0) {
            $username = "SQL login $($SqlCredential.UserName)"
        }
        else {
            $username = "Windows login $(whoami)"
        }
        # Open Connection to SQL Server
        Write-Output "[*] Logging into $SqlInstance as $username"
        $sqlconn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
        if ($SqlCredential.count -eq 0) {
            $sqlconn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;Integrated Security=True;Connection Timeout=3; Initial Catalog=master"
        }
        else {
            $sqlconn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;User Id=$($SqlCredential.UserName); Password=$($SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password);Connection Timeout=3; Initial Catalog=master"
        }

        try {
            $sqlconn.Open()
        }
        catch {
            throw "Could not open SQL Server connection. Is $SqlInstance online?"
        }

        # Everything will be contained within 1 transaction, even creating a new table if required
        # and truncating the table, if specified.
        $transaction = $sqlconn.BeginTransaction()

        # Ensure database exists
        $sql = "select count(*) from master.dbo.sysdatabases where name = '$database'"
        $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
        $dbexists = $sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()
        if ($dbexists -eq $false) {
            throw "Database does not exist on $SqlInstance"
        }
        Write-Output "[*] Database exists"

        $sqlconn.ChangeDatabase($database)

        # Enure Schema exists
        $sql = "select count(*) from $database.sys.schemas where name='$schema'"
        $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
        $schemaexists = $sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()

        # If Schema doesn't exist create it
        # Defaulting to dbo.
        if ($schemaexists -eq $false) {
            Write-Output "[*] Creating schema $schema"
            $sql = "CREATE SCHEMA [$schema] AUTHORIZATION dbo"
            $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
            try {
                $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Could not create $schema"
            }

        }

        # Ensure table exists
        $sql = "select count(*) from $database.sys.tables where name = '$table' and schema_id=schema_id('$schema')"
        $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
        $tablexists = $sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()

        # Create the table if required. Remember, this will occur within a transaction, so if the script fails, the
        # new table will no longer exist.
        if ($tablexists -eq $false) {
            Write-Output "[*] Table does not exist"
            Write-Output "[*] Creating table"
            New-SqlTable -Csv $Csv -Delimiter $InternalDelimiter -Columns $columns -ColumnText $columntext -SqlConn $sqlconn -Transaction $transaction
        }
        else {
            Write-Output "[*] Table exists"
        }

        # Truncate if specified. Remember, this will occur within a transaction, so if the script fails, the
        # truncate will not be committed.
        if ($truncate -eq $true) {
            Write-Output "[*] Truncating table"
            $sql = "TRUNCATE TABLE [$schema].[$table]"
            $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
            try {
                $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Could not truncate $schema.$table"
            }
        }

        # Get columns for column mapping
        if ($null -eq $columnMappings) {
            $olecolumns = ($columns | ForEach-Object { $_ -Replace "\[|\]" })
            $sql = "select name from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('$schema.$table') order by column_id"
            $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
            $sqlcolumns = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
            $sqlcolumns.Load($sqlcmd.ExecuteReader())
        }

        # Time to import!
        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()

        # Process each CSV file specified
        foreach ($file in $csv) {

            # Dynamically set NotifyAfter if it wasn't specified
            if ($notifyAfter -eq 0) {
                if ($resultcount -is [int]) {
                    $notifyafter = $resultcount / 10
                }
                else {
                    $notifyafter = 50000
                }
            }

            # Setup bulk copy
            Write-Output "[*] Starting bulk copy for $(Split-Path $file -Leaf)"

            # Setup bulk copy options
            $bulkCopyOptions = @()
            $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default", "Truncate"
            foreach ($option in $options) {
                $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                    $bulkCopyOptions += "$option"
                }
            }
            $bulkCopyOptions = $bulkCopyOptions -join " & "

            # Create SqlBulkCopy using default options, or options specified in command line.
            if ($bulkCopyOptions.count -gt 1) {
                $bulkcopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy($oleconnstring, $bulkCopyOptions, $transaction)
            }
            else {
                $bulkcopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy($sqlconn, "Default", $transaction)
            }

            $bulkcopy.DestinationTableName = "[$schema].[$table]"
            $bulkcopy.bulkcopyTimeout = 0
            $bulkCopy.BatchSize = $BatchSize
            $bulkCopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter

            if ($safe -eq $true) {
                # Setup bulkcopy mappings
                for ($columnid = 0; $columnid -lt $sqlcolumns.rows.count; $columnid++) {
                    $null = $bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add($olecolumns[$columnid], $sqlcolumns.rows[$columnid].ItemArray[0])
                }

                # Setup the connection string. Data Source is the directory that contains the csv.
                # The file name is also the table name, but with a "#" instead of a "."
                $datasource = Split-Path $file
                $tablename = (Split-Path $file -leaf).Replace(".", "#")
                $oleconnstring = "Provider=$provider;Data Source=$datasource;Extended Properties='text';"

                # To make command line queries easier, let the user just specify "csv" instead of the
                # OleDbconnection formatted name (file.csv -> file#csv)
                $sql = $Query -replace "\bcsv\b", " [$tablename]"

                # Setup the OleDbconnection
                $oleconn = New-Object System.Data.OleDb.OleDbconnection
                $oleconn.ConnectionString = $oleconnstring

                # Setup the OleDBCommand
                $olecmd = New-Object System.Data.OleDB.OleDBCommand
                $olecmd.Connection = $oleconn
                $olecmd.CommandText = $sql

                try {
                    $oleconn.Open()
                }
                catch {
                    throw "Could not open OLEDB connection."
                }

                # Attempt to get the number of results so that a nice progress bar can be displayed.
                # This takes extra time, and files over 100MB take too long, so just skip them.
                if ($sql -match "GROUP BY") {
                    Write-Warning -Message "Query contains GROUP BY clause. Skipping result count."
                }
                else {
                    Write-Output "[*] Determining total rows to be copied. This may take a few seconds."
                }

                if ($sql -match "\bselect top\b") {
                    try {
                        $split = $sql -split "\bselect top \b"
                        $resultcount = [int]($split[1].Trim().Split()[0])
                        Write-Output "[*] Attempting to fetch $resultcount rows"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Warning "Couldn't determine total rows to be copied."
                    }
                }
                elseif ($sql -notmatch "GROUP BY") {
                    $filesize = (Get-ChildItem $file).Length / 1MB
                    if ($filesize -lt 100) {
                        try {
                            $split = $sql -split "\bfrom\b"
                            $sqlcount = "select count(*) from $($split[1])"
                            # Setup the OleDBCommand
                            $olecmd = New-Object System.Data.OleDB.OleDBCommand
                            $olecmd.Connection = $oleconn
                            $olecmd.CommandText = $sqlcount
                            $resultcount = [int]($olecmd.ExecuteScalar())
                            Write-Output "[*] $resultcount rows will be copied"
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Warning "Couldn't determine total rows to be copied"
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Output "[*] File is too large for efficient result count; progress bar will not be shown."
                    }
                }
            }

            # Write to server :D
            try {
                if ($safe -ne $true) {
                    # Check to ensure batchsize isn't equal to 0
                    if ($batchsize -eq 0) {
                        write-warning "Invalid batchsize for this operation. Increasing to 50k"
                        $batchsize = 50000
                    }

                    # Open the text file from disk
                    $reader = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($file)
                    if ($FirstRowColumns -eq $true) {
                        $null = $reader.readLine()
                    }

                    # Create the reusable datatable. Columns will be genereated using info from SQL.
                    $datatable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable

                    # Get table column info from SQL Server
                    $sql = "SELECT c.name as colname, t.name as datatype, c.max_length, c.is_nullable FROM sys.columns c
                        JOIN sys.types t ON t.system_type_id = c.system_type_id
                        WHERE c.object_id = object_id('$schema.$table') and t.name != 'sysname'
                        order by c.column_id"
                    $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
                    $sqlcolumns = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
                    $sqlcolumns.load($sqlcmd.ExecuteReader())

                    foreach ($sqlcolumn in $sqlcolumns) {
                        $datacolumn = $datatable.Columns.Add()
                        $colname = $sqlcolumn.colname
                        $datacolumn.AllowDBNull = $sqlcolumn.is_nullable
                        $datacolumn.ColumnName = $colname
                        $datacolumn.DefaultValue = [DBnull]::Value
                        $datacolumn.Datatype = [string]

                        # The following data types can sometimes cause issues when they are null
                        # so we will treat them differently
                        $convert = "bigint", "DateTimeOffset", "UniqueIdentifier", "smalldatetime", "datetime"
                        if ($convert -notcontains $sqlcolumn.datatype -and $turbo -ne $true) {
                            $null = $bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add($datacolumn.ColumnName, $sqlcolumn.colname)
                        }
                    }
                    # For the columns that cause trouble, we'll add an additional column to the datatable
                    # which will perform a conversion.
                    # Setting $column.datatype alone doesn't work as well as setting+converting.
                    if ($turbo -ne $true) {
                        $calcolumns = $sqlcolumns | Where-Object { $convert -contains $_.datatype }
                        foreach ($calcolumn in $calcolumns) {
                            $colname = $calcolumn.colname
                            $null = $newcolumn = $datatable.Columns.Add()
                            $null = $newcolumn.ColumnName = "computed$colname"
                            switch ($calcolumn.datatype) {
                                "bigint" {
                                    $netdatatype = "System.Int64";
                                    $newcolumn.Datatype = [int64]
                                }
                                "DateTimeOffset" {
                                    $netdatatype = "System.DateTimeOffset";
                                    $newcolumn.Datatype = [DateTimeOffset]
                                }
                                "UniqueIdentifier" {
                                    $netdatatype = "System.Guid";
                                    $newcolumn.Datatype = [Guid]
                                }
                                {"smalldatetime", "datetime" -contains $_ } {
                                    $netdatatype = "System.DateTime";
                                    $newcolumn.Datatype = [DateTime]
                                }
                            }
                            # Use a data column expression to facilitate actual conversion
                            $null = $newcolumn.Expression = "Convert($colname, $netdatatype)"
                            $null = $bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add($newcolumn.ColumnName, $calcolumn.colname)
                        }
                    }

                    # Check to see if file has quote identified data (ie. "first","second","third")
                    $quoted = $false
                    $checkline = Get-Content $file -Last 1
                    $checkcolumns = $checkline.Split($InternalDelimiter)
                    foreach ($checkcolumn in $checkcolumns) {
                        if ($checkcolumn.StartsWith('"') -and $checkcolumn.EndsWith('"')) {
                            $quoted = $true
                        }
                    }

                    if ($quoted -eq $true) {
                        Write-Warning "The CSV file appears to use quoted identifiers. This may take a little longer."
                        # Thanks for this, Chris! http://www.schiffhauer.com/c-split-csv-values-with-a-regular-expression/
                        $pattern = "((?<=`")[^`"]*(?=`"($InternalDelimiter|$)+)|(?<=$InternalDelimiter|^)[^$InternalDelimiter`"]*(?=$InternalDelimiter|$))"
                    }
                    if ($turbo -eq $true -and $first -eq 0) {
                        while ($null -ne ($line = $reader.ReadLine())) {
                            $i++
                            if ($quoted -eq $true) {
                                $null = $datatable.Rows.Add(($line.TrimStart('"').TrimEnd('"')) -Split "`"$InternalDelimiter`"")
                            }
                            else {
                                $row = $datatable.Rows.Add($line.Split($InternalDelimiter))
                            }

                            if (($i % $batchsize) -eq 0) {
                                $bulkcopy.WriteToServer($datatable)
                                Write-Output "[*] $i rows have been inserted in $([math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)) seconds."
                                $datatable.Clear()
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($turbo -eq $true -and $first -gt 0) { Write-Warning -Message "Using -First makes turbo a little slower." }
                        # Start import!
                        while ($null -ne ($line = $reader.ReadLine())) {
                            $i++
                            try {
                                if ($quoted -eq $true) {
                                    $row = $datatable.Rows.Add(($line.TrimStart('"').TrimEnd('"')) -Split $pattern)
                                }
                                else {
                                    $row = $datatable.Rows.Add($line.Split($InternalDelimiter))
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                $row = $datatable.NewRow()
                                try {
                                    $tempcolumn = $line.Split($InternalDelimiter)
                                    $colnum = 0
                                    foreach ($column in $tempcolumn) {
                                        if ($column.length -ne 0) {
                                            $row.item($colnum) = $column
                                        }
                                        else {
                                            $row.item($colnum) = [DBnull]::Value
                                        }
                                        $colnum++
                                    }
                                    $newrow = $datatable.Rows.Add($row)
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Write-Warning "The following line ($i) is causing issues:"
                                    Write-Output $line.Replace($InternalDelimiter, "`n")

                                    if ($quoted -eq $true) {
                                        Write-Warning "The import has failed, likely because the quoted data was a little too inconsistent. Try using the -Safe parameter."
                                    }

                                    Write-Verbose "Column datatypes:"
                                    foreach ($c in $datatable.columns) {
                                        Write-Verbose "$($c.columnname) = $($c.datatype)"
                                    }
                                    Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
                                    break
                                }
                            }

                            if (($i % $batchsize) -eq 0 -or $i -eq $first) {
                                $bulkcopy.WriteToServer($datatable)
                                Write-Output "[*] $i rows have been inserted in $([math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)) seconds."
                                $datatable.Clear()
                                if ($i -eq $first) {
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    # Add in all the remaining rows since the last clear
                    if ($datatable.Rows.Count -gt 0) {
                        $bulkcopy.WriteToServer($datatable)
                        $datatable.Clear()
                    }
                }
                else {
                    # Add rowcount output
                    $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowscopied( {
                            $script:totalrows = $args[1].RowsCopied
                            if ($resultcount -is [int]) {
                                $percent = [int](($script:totalrows / $resultcount) * 100)
                                $timetaken = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $resultcount rows" -percentcomplete $percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} rows ({1}%) in {2} seconds", $script:totalrows, $percent, $timetaken))
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Host "$($script:totalrows) rows copied in $([math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)) seconds."
                            }
                        })

                    $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($olecmd.ExecuteReader("SequentialAccess"))
                    if ($resultcount -is [int]) {
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $resultcount rows" -status "Complete" -Completed
                    }

                }
                $completed = $true
            }
            catch {
                # If possible, give more information about common errors.
                if ($resultcount -is [int]) { Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $resultcount rows" -status "Failed" -Completed }
                $errormessage = $_.Exception.Message.ToString()
                $completed = $false
                if ($errormessage -like "*for one or more required parameters*") {

                    Write-Error -Message "Looks like your SQL syntax may be invalid. `nCheck the documentation for more information or start with a simple -Query 'select top 10 * from csv'."
                    Write-Error -Message "Valid CSV columns are $columns."

                }
                elseif ($errormessage -match "invalid column length") {

                    # Get more information about malformed CSV input
                    $pattern = @("\d+")
                    $match = [regex]::matches($errormessage, @("\d+"))
                    $index = [int]($match.groups[1].Value) - 1
                    $sql = "select name, max_length from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('$table') and column_id = $index"
                    $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
                    $datatable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
                    $datatable.load($sqlcmd.ExecuteReader())
                    $column = $datatable.name
                    $length = $datatable.max_length

                    if ($safe -eq $true) {
                        Write-Warning "Column $index ($column) contains data with a length greater than $length."
                        Write-Warning "SqlBulkCopy makes it pretty much impossible to know which row caused the issue, but it's somewhere after row $($script:totalrows)."
                    }
                }
                elseif ($errormessage -match "does not allow DBNull" -or $errormessage -match "The given value of type") {

                    if ($tablexists -eq $false) {
                        Write-Error "Looks like the datatype prediction didn't work out. Please create the table manually with proper datatypes then rerun the import script."
                    }
                    else {
                        $sql = "select name from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('$table') order by column_id"
                        $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
                        $datatable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
                        $datatable.Load($sqlcmd.ExecuteReader())
                        $olecolumns = ($columns | ForEach-Object { $_ -Replace "\[|\]" }) -join ', '
                        Write-Warning "Datatype mismatch."
                        Write-Output "[*] This is sometimes caused by null handling in SqlBulkCopy, quoted data, or the first row being column names and not data (-FirstRowColumns)."
                        Write-Output "[*] This could also be because the data types don't match or the order of the columns within the CSV/SQL statement "
                        Write-Output "[*] do not line up with the order of the table within the SQL Server.`n"
                        Write-Output "[*] CSV order: $olecolumns`n"
                        Write-Output "[*] SQL order: $($datatable.rows.name -join ', ')`n"
                        Write-Output "[*] If this is the case, you can reorder columns by using the -Query parameter or execute the import against a view.`n"
                        if ($safe -eq $false) {
                            Write-Output "[*] You can also try running this import using the -Safe parameter, which handles quoted text well.`n"
                        }
                        Write-Error "`n$errormessage"
                    }


                }
                elseif ($errormessage -match "Input string was not in a correct format" -or $errormessage -match "The given ColumnName") {
                    Write-Warning "CSV contents may be malformed."
                    Write-Error $errormessage
                }
                else { Write-Error $errormessage }
            }
        }

        if ($completed -eq $true) {
            # "Note: This count does not take into consideration the number of rows actually inserted when Ignore Duplicates is set to ON."
            $null = $transaction.Commit()

            if ($safe -eq $false) {
                Write-Output "[*] $i total rows copied"
            }
            else {
                $total = [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyExtension]::RowsCopiedCount($bulkcopy)
                Write-Output "[*] $total total rows copied"
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Output "[*] Transaction rolled back."
            Write-Output "[*] (Was the proper parameter specified? Is the first row the column name?)."
        }

        # Script is finished. Show elapsed time.
        $totaltime = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)
        Write-Output "[*] Total Elapsed Time for bulk insert: $totaltime seconds"
    }

    End {
        # Close everything just in case & ignore errors
        try {
            $null = $sqlconn.close(); $null = $sqlconn.Dispose(); $null = $oleconn.close;
            $null = $olecmd.Dispose(); $null = $oleconn.Dispose(); $null = $bulkCopy.close();
            $null = $bulkcopy.dispose(); $null = $reader.close; $null = $reader.dispose()
        }
        catch {

        }

        # Delete all the temp files
        if ($SqlCredentialPath.length -gt 0) {
            if ((Test-Path $SqlCredentialPath) -eq $true) {
                $null = cmd /c "del $SqlCredentialPath"
            }
        }

        if ($shellswitch -eq $false -and $safe -eq $true) {
            # Delete new schema files
            Write-Verbose "Removing automatically generated schema.ini."
            foreach ($file in $csv) {
                $directory = Split-Path $file
                $null = cmd /c "del $directory\schema.ini" | Out-Null
            }

            # If a shell switch occured, delete the temporary module file.
            if ((Test-Path "$env:TEMP\Import-DbaCsvToSql.psm1") -eq $true) {
                cmd /c "del $env:TEMP\Import-DbaCsvToSql.psm1" | Out-Null
            }

            # Move original schema.ini's back if they existed
            if ($movedschemainis.count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($item in $movedschemainis) {
                    Write-Verbose "Moving $($item.keys) back to $($item.values)."
                    $null = cmd /c "move $($item.keys) $($item.values)"
                }
            }
            Write-Output "[*] Finished at $(Get-Date)"
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Import-CsvToSql
    }
}
function Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Imports a new Performance Monitor Data Collector Set Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Imports a new Performance Monitor Data Collector Set Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify.
            When importing data collector sets from the local instance, Run As Admin is required.
 
            Note: The included counters will be added for all SQL instances on the machine by default.
            For specific instances in addition to the default, use -Instance.
 
            See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa371952 for more information
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to the xml file or files.
 
        .PARAMETER Template
            From one or more of the templates from the dbatools repository. Press Tab to cycle through the available options.
 
        .PARAMETER RootPath
            Sets the base path where the subdirectories are created.
 
        .PARAMETER DisplayName
            Sets the display name of the data collector set.
 
        .PARAMETER SchedulesEnabled
            If this switch is enabled, sets a value that indicates whether the schedules are enabled.
 
        .PARAMETER Segment
            Sets a value that indicates whether PLA creates new logs if the maximum size or segment duration is reached before the data collector set is stopped.
 
        .PARAMETER SegmentMaxDuration
            Sets the duration that the data collector set can run before it begins writing to new log files.
 
        .PARAMETER SegmentMaxSize
            Sets the maximum size of any log file in the data collector set.
 
        .PARAMETER Subdirectory
            Sets a base subdirectory of the root path where the next instance of the data collector set will write its logs.
 
        .PARAMETER SubdirectoryFormat
            Sets flags that describe how to decorate the subdirectory name. PLA appends the decoration to the folder name. For example, if you specify plaMonthDayHour, PLA appends the current month, day, and hour values to the folder name. If the folder name is MyFile, the result could be MyFile110816.
 
        .PARAMETER SubdirectoryFormatPattern
            Sets a format pattern to use when decorating the folder name. Default is 'yyyyMMdd\-NNNNNN'.
 
        .PARAMETER Task
            Sets the name of a Task Scheduler job to start each time the data collector set stops, including between segments.
 
        .PARAMETER TaskRunAsSelf
            If this switch is enabled, sets a value that determines whether the task runs as the data collector set user or as the user specified in the task.
 
        .PARAMETER TaskArguments
            Sets the command-line arguments to pass to the Task Scheduler job specified in the IDataCollectorSet::Task property.
            See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa371992 for more information.
 
        .PARAMETER TaskUserTextArguments
            Sets the command-line arguments that are substituted for the {usertext} substitution variable in the IDataCollectorSet::TaskArguments property.
            See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa371993 for more information.
 
        .PARAMETER StopOnCompletion
            If this switch is enabled, sets a value that determines whether the data collector set stops when all the data collectors in the set are in a completed state.
 
        .PARAMETER Instance
            By default, the template will be applied to all instances. If you want to set specific ones in addition to the default, supply just the instance name.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template 'Long Running Query'
 
            Creates a new data collector set named 'Long Running Query' from the dbatools repository on the SQL Server sql2017
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template 'Long Running Query' -DisplayName 'New Long running query' -Confirm
 
            Creates a new data collector set named "New Long Running Query" using the 'Long Running Query' template. Forces a confirmation if the template exists.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session db_ola_health | Remove-Dbadata collector set
            Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_ola_health | Start-Dbadata collector set
 
            Imports a session if it exists, then recreates it using a template.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017
 
            Allows you to select a Session template then import to an instance named sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template 'Long Running Query' -Instance SHAREPOINT
 
            Creates a new data collector set named 'Long Running Query' from the dbatools repository on the SQL Server sql2017 for both the default and the SHAREPOINT instance.
 
            If you'd like to remove counters for the default instance, use Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$DisplayName,
        [switch]$SchedulesEnabled,
        [string]$RootPath,
        [switch]$Segment,
        [int]$SegmentMaxDuration,
        [int]$SegmentMaxSize,
        [string]$Subdirectory,
        [int]$SubdirectoryFormat = 3,
        [string]$SubdirectoryFormatPattern = 'yyyyMMdd\-NNNNNN',
        [string]$Task,
        [switch]$TaskRunAsSelf,
        [string]$TaskArguments,
        [string]$TaskUserTextArguments,
        [switch]$StopOnCompletion,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [string[]]$Instance,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets.xml"

        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $templatexml = $args[1]
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.SetXml($templatexml)
            $null = $collectorset.Commit($setname, $null, 0x0003) #add or modify.
            $null = $collectorset.Query($setname, $Null)
        }

        $instancescript = {
            $services = Get-Service -DisplayName *sql* | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DisplayName
            [regex]::matches($services, '(?<=\().+?(?=\))').Value | Where-Object { $PSItem -ne 'MSSQLSERVER' } | Select-Object -Unique
        }
    }
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template -Not)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify Path or Template"
        }

        if (($Path.Count -gt 1 -or $Template.Count -gt 1) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Name cannot be specified with multiple files or templates because the Session will already exist"
        }

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            foreach ($file in $template) {
                $templatepath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets\$file.xml"
                if ((Test-Path $templatepath)) {
                    $Path += $templatepath
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid template ($templatepath does not exist)" -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($file in $Path) {

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName DisplayName -Not)) {
                    Set-Variable -Name DisplayName -Value (Get-ChildItem -Path $file).BaseName
                }

                $Name = $DisplayNameUnresolved = $DisplayName

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $file for $computer"

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName RootPath -Not)) {
                    Set-Variable -Name RootName -Value "%systemdrive%\PerfLogs\Admin\$Name"
                }

                # Perform replace
                $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("").TrimEnd("\")
                $tempfile = "$temp\import-dbatools-perftemplate.xml"

                try {
                    # Get content
                    $contents = Get-Content $file -ErrorAction Stop

                    # Replace content
                    $replacements = 'RootPath', 'DisplayName', 'SchedulesEnabled', 'Segment', 'SegmentMaxDuration', 'SegmentMaxSize', 'SubdirectoryFormat', 'SubdirectoryFormatPattern', 'Task', 'TaskRunAsSelf', 'TaskArguments', 'TaskUserTextArguments', 'StopOnCompletion', 'DisplayNameUnresolved'

                    foreach ($replacement in $replacements) {
                        $phrase = "<$replacement></$replacement>"
                        $value = (Get-Variable -Name $replacement).Value
                        if ($value -eq $false) {
                            $value = "0"
                        }
                        if ($value -eq $true) {
                            $value = "1"
                        }
                        $replacephrase = "<$replacement>$value</$replacement>"
                        $contents = $contents.Replace($phrase, $replacephrase)
                    }

                    # Set content
                    $null = Set-Content -Path $tempfile -Value $contents -Encoding Unicode
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop)
                    $plainxml = Get-Content $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    $file = $tempfile
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                }
                if (-not $xml.DataCollectorSet) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$file is not a valid Performance Monitor template document" -Continue
                }

                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file as $name "
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer using Invoke-Command"

                    if ($instance) {
                        $instances = $instance
                    }
                    else {
                        $instances = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $instancescript -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    }

                    $scriptblock = {
                        try {
                            $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $Name, $plainxml -ErrorAction Stop
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " $results"
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure starting $setname on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ((Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name)) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "CollectorSet $Name already exists. Modify?")) {
                            Invoke-Command -Scriptblock $scriptblock
                            $output = Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Importing collector set $Name")) {
                            Invoke-Command -Scriptblock $scriptblock
                            $output = Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name
                        }
                    }

                    $newcollection = @()
                    foreach ($instance in $instances) {
                        $datacollector = Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name | Get-DbaPfDataCollector
                        $sqlcounters = $datacollector | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter | Where-Object { $_.Name -match 'sql.*\:' -and $_.Name -notmatch 'sqlclient' } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                        foreach ($counter in $sqlcounters) {
                            $split = $counter.Split(":")
                            $firstpart = switch ($split[0]) {
                                'SQLServer' { 'MSSQL' }
                                '\SQLServer' { '\MSSQL' }
                                default { $split[0] }
                            }
                            $secondpart = $split[-1]
                            $finalcounter = "$firstpart`$$instance`:$secondpart"
                            $newcollection += $finalcounter
                        }
                    }

                    if ($newcollection.Count) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Adding $($newcollection.Count) additional counters")) {
                            $null = Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -InputObject $datacollector -Counter $newcollection
                        }
                    }

                    Remove-Item $tempfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    $output
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $store -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Import-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Updates sp_configure settings on destination server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Updates sp_configure settings on destination server.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies a SQL Server instance to set up sp_configure values on using a SQL file.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Use this SQL credential if you are setting up sp_configure values from a SQL file.
 
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass this $cred to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the path to a SQL script file holding sp_configure queries for each of the settings to be changed. Export-DbaSPConfigure creates a suitable file as its output.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, no version check between Source and Destination is performed. By default, the major and minor versions of Source and Destination must match when copying sp_configure settings.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaSpConfigure sqlserver sqlcluster $SourceSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
 
            Imports the sp_configure settings from the source server sqlserver and sets them on the sqlcluster server
            using the SQL credentials stored in the variables
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sqlserver -Path .\spconfig.sql -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
 
            Imports the sp_configure settings from the file .\spconfig.sql and sets them on the sqlcluster server
            using the SQL credential stored in the variables
 
        .OUTPUTS
            $true if success
            $false if failure
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FromFile")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FromFile")]
        [string]$Path,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FromFile")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force

    )
    begin {

        if ($Path.length -eq 0) {
            $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
            $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

            $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
            $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName
        }
        else {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            if ((Test-Path $Path) -eq $false) {
                throw "File Not Found"
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if ($Path.length -eq 0) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Export sp_configure")) {
                $sqlfilename = Export-SqlSpConfigure $sourceserver
            }

            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -ne $destserver.versionMajor -and $force -eq $false) {
                Write-Warning "Source SQL Server major version and Destination SQL Server major version must match for sp_configure migration. Use -Force to override this precaution or check the exported sql file, $sqlfilename, and run manually."
                return
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Execute sp_configure")) {
                $sourceserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                $sourceserver.Query("RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE") | Out-Null
                $destserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                $destserver.Query("RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE") | Out-Null

                $destprops = $destserver.Configuration.Properties

                foreach ($sourceprop in $sourceserver.Configuration.Properties) {
                    $displayname = $sourceprop.DisplayName

                    $destprop = $destprops | where-object { $_.Displayname -eq $displayname }
                    if ($null -ne $destprop) {
                        try {
                            $destprop.configvalue = $sourceprop.configvalue
                            $destserver.Query("RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE") | Out-Null
                            Write-Output "updated $($destprop.displayname) to $($sourceprop.configvalue)."
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Error "Could not $($destprop.displayname) to $($sourceprop.configvalue). Feature may not be supported."
                        }
                    }
                }
                try {
                    $destserver.Configuration.Alter()
                }
                catch {
                    $needsrestart = $true
                }

                $sourceserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                $sourceserver.Query("RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE") | Out-Null
                $destserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                $destserver.Query("RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE") | Out-Null

                if ($needsrestart -eq $true) {
                    Write-Warning "Some configuration options will be updated once SQL Server is restarted."
                }
                else {
                    Write-Output "Configuration option has been updated."
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Removing temp file")) {
                Remove-Item $sqlfilename -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }

        }
        else {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Importing sp_configure from $Path")) {
                $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                $sql = Get-Content $Path
                foreach ($line in $sql) {
                    try {
                        $server.Query($line) | Out-Null
                        Write-Output "Successfully executed $line."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Error "$line failed. Feature may not be supported."
                    }
                }
                $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                Write-Warning "Some configuration options will be updated once SQL Server is restarted."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if ($Path.length -gt 0) {
            $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        }
        else {
            $sourceserver.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
            $destserver.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        }

        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing finished message")) {
            Write-Output "SQL Server configuration options migration finished."
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Import-SqlSpConfigure
    }
}
function Import-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Imports a new XESession XML Template
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Imports a new XESession XML Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            The Name of the session to create.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to the xml file or files for the session(s).
 
        .PARAMETER Template
            Specifies the name of one of the templates from the dbatools repository. Press tab to cycle through the provided templates.
 
        .PARAMETER TargetFilePath
            By default, files will be created in the default xel directory. Use TargetFilePath to change all instances of
            filename = "file.xel" to filename = "$TargetFilePath\file.xel". Only specify the directory, not the file itself.
 
            This path is relative to the destination directory
     
        .PARAMETER TargetFileMetadataPath
            By default, files will be created in the default xem directory. Use TargetFileMetadataPath to change all instances of
            filename = "file.xem" to filename = "$TargetFilePath\file.xem". Only specify the directory, not the file itself.
 
            This path is relative to the destination directory
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaXESessionTemplate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_query_wait_stats
 
            Creates a new XESession named db_query_wait_stats from the dbatools repository to the SQL Server sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_query_wait_stats -Name "Query Wait Stats"
 
            Creates a new XESession named "Query Wait Stats" using the db_query_wait_stats template.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session db_ola_health | Remove-DbaXESession
            Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_ola_health | Start-DbaXESession
 
            Imports a session if it exists, then recreates it using a template.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESessionTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017
 
            Allows you to select a Session template then import to an instance named sql2017.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Name,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [string]$TargetFilePath,
        [string]$TargetFileMetadataPath,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates-metadata.xml"
    }
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template -Not)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify Path or Template."
        }

        if (($Path.Count -gt 1 -or $Template.Count -gt 1) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Name cannot be specified with multiple files or templates because the Session will already exist."
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $store = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection

            foreach ($file in $template) {
                $templatepath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates\$file.xml"
                if ((Test-Path $templatepath)) {
                    $Path += $templatepath
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid template ($templatepath does not exist)." -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($file in $Path) {

                if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName TargetFilePath)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file to $instance"
                    try {
                        $xml = [xml](Get-Content $file -ErrorAction Stop)
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TargetFilePath specified, changing all file locations in $file for $instance."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TargetFileMetadataPath specified, changing all metadata file locations in $file for $instance."
                    
                    # Handle whatever people specify
                    $TargetFilePath = $TargetFilePath.TrimEnd("\")
                    $TargetFileMetadataPath = $TargetFileMetadataPath.TrimEnd("\")
                    $TargetFilePath = "$TargetFilePath\"
                    $TargetFileMetadataPath = "$TargetFileMetadataPath\"
                    
                    # Perform replace
                    $xelphrase = 'name="filename" value="'
                    $xemphrase = 'name="metadatafile" value="'
                    
                    try {
                        $basename = (Get-ChildItem $file).Basename
                        $contents = Get-Content $file -ErrorAction Stop
                        $contents = $contents.Replace($xelphrase, "$xelphrase$TargetFilePath")
                        $contents = $contents.Replace($xemphrase, "$xemphrase$TargetFileMetadataPath")
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("").TrimEnd("\")
                        $tempfile = "$temp\$basename"
                        $null = Set-Content -Path $tempfile -Value $contents -Encoding UTF8
                        $xml = [xml](Get-Content $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop)
                        $file = $tempfile
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$TargetFilePath does not exist on $server, creating now."
                    try {
                        if (-not (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $TargetFilePath)) {
                            $null = New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance $server -Path $TargetFilePath
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                    }
                }

                if (-not $xml.event_sessions) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$file is not a valid XESession template document." -Continue
                }

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Name -not)) {
                    $Name = (Get-ChildItem $file).BaseName
                }
                
                # This could be done better but not today
                $no2012 = ($metadata | Where-Object Compatibility -gt 2012).Name
                $no2014 = ($metadata | Where-Object Compatibility -gt 2014).Name

                if ($Name -in $no2012 -and $server.VersionMajor -eq 11) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Name is not supported in SQL Server 2012 ($server)" -Continue
                }
                
                if ($Name -in $no2014 -and $server.VersionMajor -eq 12) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Name is not supported in SQL Server 2014 ($server)" -Continue
                }
                
                if ((Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $Name)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Name already exists on $instance" -Continue
                }

                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file as $name "
                    $session = $store.CreateSessionFromTemplate($Name, $file)
                    $session.Create()
                    if ($file -eq $tempfile) {
                        Remove-Item $tempfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                    Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $session.Name
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $store -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Install-DbaFirstResponderKit {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Installs or updates the First Responder Kit stored procedures.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Downloads, extracts and installs the First Responder Kit stored procedures:
            sp_Blitz, sp_BlitzWho, sp_BlitzFirst, sp_BlitzIndex, sp_BlitzCache and sp_BlitzTrace.
 
            First Responder Kit links:
            http://FirstResponderKit.org
            https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database to instal the First Responder Kit stored procedures into
 
        .PARAMETER Branch
            Specifies an alternate branch of the First Responder Kit to install.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Tara Kizer, Brent Ozar Unlimited (https://www.brentozar.com/)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaFirstResponderKit
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance server1 -Database master
 
            Logs into server1 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database DBA
 
            Logs into server1\instance1 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the DBA database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database master -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Logs into server1\instance1 with SQL authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress, sql2014
 
            Logs into sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers = "sql2016\standardrtm", "sql2016\sqlexpress", "sql2014"
            $servers | Install-DbaFirstResponderKit
 
            Logs into sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Branch = "master",
        [object]$Database = "master",
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $url = "https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit/archive/$Branch.zip"

        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $zipfile = "$temp\SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit-$Branch.zip"
        $zipfolder = "$temp\SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit-$Branch\"

        if ($zipfile | Test-Path) {
            Remove-Item -Path $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        if ($zipfolder | Test-Path) {
            Remove-Item -Path $zipfolder -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $zipfolder -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Downloading and unzipping the First Responder Kit zip file."

        try {
            try {
                Invoke-WebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile
            }
            catch {
                # Try with default proxy and usersettings
                (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                Invoke-WebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile
            }

            # Unblock if there's a block
            Unblock-File $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            # Unzip the files
            $shell = New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application
            $zip = $shell.NameSpace($zipfile)

            foreach ($item in $zip.items()) {
                $shell.Namespace($temp).CopyHere($item)
            }

            Remove-Item -Path $zipfile
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't download the First Responder Kit. Download and install manually from https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit/archive/$Branch.zip." -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Starting installing/updating the First Responder Kit stored procedures in $database on $instance."
            $allprocedures_query = "select name from sys.procedures where is_ms_shipped = 0"
            $allprocedures = ($server.Query($allprocedures_query, $Database)).Name
            # Install/Update each FRK stored procedure
            foreach ($script in (Get-ChildItem $zipfolder -Filter sp_Blitz*.sql)) {
                $scriptname = $script.Name
                if ($scriptname -ne "sp_BlitzRS.sql") {
                    $sql = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($script.FullName)

                    if ($scriptname -eq "sp_BlitzQueryStore.sql") {
                        if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 13) { continue }
                    }

                    foreach ($query in ($sql -Split "\nGO\b")) {
                        $query = $query.Trim()
                        if ($query) {
                            try {
                                $null = $server.Query($query, $Database)
                            }
                            catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Could not execute at least one portion of $scriptname in $Database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                $baseres = @{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database     = $Database
                    Name         = $scriptname.TrimEnd('.sql')
                }
                if ($scriptname.TrimEnd('.sql') -in $allprocedures) {
                    $baseres['Status'] = 'Updated'
                }
                else {
                    $baseres['Status'] = 'Installed'
                }
                [PSCustomObject]$baseres
            }
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Finished installing/updating the First Responder Kit stored procedures in $database on $instance."
        }
    }
}
function Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Download and Install SQL Server Maintenance Solution created by Ola Hallengren (https://ola.hallengren.com)
        .DESCRIPTION
            This script will download and install the latest version of SQL Server Maintenance Solution created by Ola Hallengren
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance onto which the Maintenance Solution will be installed.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database where Ola Hallengren's solution will be installed. Defaults to master.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupLocation
            Location of the backup root directory. If this is not supplied, the default backup directory will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER CleanupTime
            Time in hours, after which backup files are deleted.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputFileDirectory
            Specify the output file directory where the Maintenance Solution will write to.
 
        .PARAMETER ReplaceExisting
            If this switch is enabled, objects already present in the target database will be dropped and recreated.
 
        .PARAMETER LogToTable
            If this switch is enabled, the Maintenance Solution will be configured to log commands to a table.
 
        .PARAMETER Solution
            Specifies which portion of the Maintenance solution to install. Valid values are All (full solution), Backup, IntegrityCheck and IndexOptimize.
 
        .PARAMETER InstallJobs
            If this switch is enabled, the corresponding SQL Agent Jobs will be created.
 
       .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Viorel Ciucu, viorel.ciucu@gmail.com, cviorel.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            http://dbatools.io/Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -CleanupTime 72
 
            Installs Ola Hallengren's Solution objects on RES14224 in the DBA database.
            Backups will default to the default Backup Directory.
            If the Maintenance Solution already exists, the script will be halted.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -ReplaceExisting -CleanupTime 72 -LogToTable -Solution "Backup" -BackupLocation "Z:\SQLBackup" -InstallJobs
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -BackupLocation "Z:\SQLBackup" -CleanupTime 72
 
            This will create the Ola Hallengren's Solution objects. Existing objects are not affected in any way.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -BackupLocation "Z:\SQLBackup" -CleanupTime 72 -ReplaceExisting
 
            This will drop and then recreate the Ola Hallengren's Solution objects
            The cleanup script will drop and recreate:
                - TABLE [dbo].[CommandLog]
                - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[CommandExecute]
                - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseBackup]
                - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseIntegrityCheck]
                - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[IndexOptimize]
 
            The following SQL Agent jobs will be deleted:
                - 'Output File Cleanup'
                - 'IndexOptimize - USER_DATABASES'
                - 'sp_delete_backuphistory'
                - 'DatabaseBackup - USER_DATABASES - LOG'
                - 'DatabaseBackup - SYSTEM_DATABASES - FULL'
                - 'DatabaseBackup - USER_DATABASES - FULL'
                - 'sp_purge_jobhistory'
                - 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck - SYSTEM_DATABASES'
                - 'CommandLog Cleanup'
                - 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck - USER_DATABASES'
                - 'DatabaseBackup - USER_DATABASES - DIFF'
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object]$Database = "master",
        [string]$BackupLocation,
        [int]$CleanupTime,
        [string]$OutputFileDirectory,
        [switch]$ReplaceExisting,
        [switch]$LogToTable,
        [ValidateSet('All', 'Backup', 'IntegrityCheck', 'IndexOptimize')]
        [string]$Solution = 'All',
        [switch]$InstallJobs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -NonPooled
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Parameter ReplaceExisting -Not)) {
                $procs = Get-DbaSqlModule -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database | Where-Object Name -in 'CommandExecute', 'DatabaseBackup', 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck', 'IndexOptimize'
                $table = Get-DbaTable -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Table CommandLog -IncludeSystemDBs  | Where-Object Database -eq $Database

                if ($null -ne $procs -or $null -ne $table) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The Maintenance Solution already exists in $Database on $instance. Use -ReplaceExisting to automatically drop and recreate."
                    return
                }
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Parameter BackupLocation -Not)) {
                $BackupLocation = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server).Backup
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Ola Hallengren's solution will be installed on database $Database."

            $db = $server.Databases[$Database]

            if ($InstallJobs -and $Solution -ne 'All') {
                Stop-Function -Message "To create SQL Agent jobs you need to use '-Solution All' and '-InstallJobs Create'."
                return
            }

            if ($ReplaceExisting -eq $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "If Ola Hallengren's scripts are found, we will drop and recreate them!"
            }

            if ($CleanupTime -ne 0 -and $InstallJobs -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "CleanupTime $CleanupTime value will be ignored because you chose not to create SQL Agent Jobs."
            }

            # Required
            $required = @('CommandExecute.sql')

            if ($LogToTable) {
                $required += 'CommandLog.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'Backup') {
                $required += 'DatabaseBackup.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'IntegrityCheck') {
                $required += 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'IndexOptimize') {
                $required += 'IndexOptimize.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'All') {
                $required += 'MaintenanceSolution.sql'
            }

            $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
            $zipfile = "$temp\ola.zip"

            # Start the download
            $url = "https://github.com/olahallengren/sql-server-maintenance-solution/archive/master.zip"
            try {
                Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -DisplayName 'Downloading SQL Server Maintenance Solution - https://ola.hallengren.com' -Destination $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "You need to re-run the script, there is a problem with the proxy or the download link has changed." -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            # Unblock if there's a block
            Unblock-File $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            $path = "$temp\sql-server-maintenance-solution-master"

            # We don't like default parameters messed with so we start clean
            if ((Test-Path $path)) {
                Remove-Item -Path $temp\sql-server-maintenance-solution-master -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }

            # internal if it doesn't exist
            Expand-Archive -Path $zipfile -DestinationPath $temp -Force
            Remove-Item -Path $zipfile

            $listOfFiles = Get-ChildItem -Filter "*.sql" -Path $path | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName

            # In which database we install
            if ($Database -ne 'master') {
                $findDB = 'USE [master]'
                $replaceDB = 'USE [' + $Database + ']'
                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($findDB, $replaceDB) | Set-Content -Path $file
                }
            }

            # Backup location
            if ($BackupLocation) {
                $findBKP = 'C:\Backup'
                $replaceBKP = $BackupLocation
                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($findBKP, $replaceBKP) | Set-Content -Path $file
                }
            }

            # CleanupTime
            if ($CleanupTime -ne 0) {
                $findCleanupTime = 'SET @CleanupTime = NULL'
                $replaceCleanupTime = 'SET @CleanupTime = ' + $CleanupTime
                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($findCleanupTime, $replaceCleanupTime) | Set-Content -Path $file
                }
            }

            # OutputFileDirectory
            if ($OutputFileDirectory.Length -gt 0) {
                $findOutputFileDirectory = 'SET @OutputFileDirectory = NULL'
                $replaceOutputFileDirectory = 'SET @OutputFileDirectory = N''' + $OutputFileDirectory + ''''
                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($findOutputFileDirectory, $replaceOutputFileDirectory) | Set-Content -Path $file
                }

            }

            # LogToTable
            if (!$LogToTable) {
                $findLogToTable = "SET @LogToTable = 'Y'"
                $replaceLogToTable = "SET @LogToTable = 'N'"
                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($findLogToTable, $replaceLogToTable) | Set-Content -Path $file
                }
            }

            # Create Jobs
            if ($InstallJobs -eq $false) {
                $findCreateJobs = "SET @CreateJobs = 'Y'"
                $replaceCreateJobs = "SET @CreateJobs = 'N'"
                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($findCreateJobs, $replaceCreateJobs) | Set-Content -Path $file
                }
            }

            $CleanupQuery = $null
            if ($ReplaceExisting) {
                [string]$CleanupQuery = $("
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[CommandLog]', 'U') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP TABLE [dbo].[CommandLog];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[CommandExecute]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[CommandExecute];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[DatabaseBackup]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseBackup];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[DatabaseIntegrityCheck]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseIntegrityCheck];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[IndexOptimize]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[IndexOptimize];
                            ")

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Dropping objects created by Ola's Maintenance Solution"
                $null = $db.Query($CleanupQuery)

                # Remove Ola's Jobs
                if ($InstallJobs -and $ReplaceExisting) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Removing existing SQL Agent Jobs created by Ola's Maintenance Solution."
                    $jobs = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Description -match "hallengren"
                    if ($jobs) {
                        $jobs | ForEach-Object { Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $_.name }
                    }
                }
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Installing on server $SqlInstance, database $Database."

                foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                    $shortFileName = Split-Path $file -Leaf
                    if ($required.Contains($shortFileName)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Installing $file."
                        $sql = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($file)
                        try {
                            foreach ($query in ($sql -Split "\nGO\b")) {
                                $null = $db.Query($query)
                            }
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not execute $file in $Database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not execute $file in $Database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
            }
        }

        if ((Test-Path $path)) {
            Remove-Item -Path $temp\sql-server-maintenance-solution-master -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

        # Only here due to need for non-pooled connection in this command
        try {
            $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        }
        catch {
        }

        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Installation complete."
    }
}
function Install-DbaWatchUpdate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Adds the scheduled task to support Watch-DbaUpdate.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Adds the scheduled task to support Watch-DbaUpdate.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: JustForFun, Module
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaWatchUpdate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaWatchUpdate
 
            Adds the scheduled task needed by Watch-DbaUpdate
    #>
    process {
        if (([Environment]::OSVersion).Version.Major -lt 10) {
            Write-Warning "This command only supports Windows 10 and above"
            return
        }

        $script = {
            try {
                # create a task, check every 3 hours
                $action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute 'powershell.exe' -Argument '-NoProfile -NoLogo -NonInteractive -WindowStyle Hidden Watch-DbaUpdate'
                $trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Once -At (Get-Date).Date -RepetitionInterval (New-TimeSpan -Hours 1)
                $principal = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal -LogonType S4U -UserId (whoami)
                $settings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -ExecutionTimeLimit ([timespan]::Zero) -AllowStartIfOnBatteries -DontStopIfGoingOnBatteries -StartWhenAvailable -RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable -DontStopOnIdleEnd
                $task = Register-ScheduledTask -Principal $principal -TaskName 'dbatools version check' -Action $action -Trigger $trigger -Settings $settings -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                # keep moving
            }
        }

        if ($null -eq (Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
            # Needs admin creds to setup the kind of PowerShell window that doesn't appear for a millisecond
            # which is a millisecond too long
            if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
                Write-Warning "Watch-DbaUpdate runs as a Scheduled Task which must be created. This will only happen once."
                Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList Install-DbaWatchUpdate -Wait
            }

            try {
                Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $script -ErrorAction Stop

                if ((Get-Location).Path -ne "$env:windir\system32") {
                    $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools
                    Write-Warning "Task created! A notification should appear momentarily. Here's something cute to look at in the interim."
                    Show-Notification -Title "dbatools wants you" -Text "come hang out at dbatools.io/slack"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Couldn't create scheduled task :("
                return
            }

            # doublecheck
            if ($null -eq (Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
                Write-Warning "Couldn't create scheduled task."
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Output "Watch-DbaUpdate is already installed as a scheduled task called 'dbatools version check'"
        }
    }
}
function Install-DbaWhoIsActive {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Automatically installs or updates sp_WhoisActive by Adam Machanic.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command downloads, extracts and installs sp_WhoisActive with Adam's permission. To read more about sp_WhoisActive, please visit http://whoisactive.com and http://sqlblog.com/blogs/adam_machanic/archive/tags/who+is+active/default.aspx
 
            Please consider donating to Adam if you find this stored procedure helpful: http://tinyurl.com/WhoIsActiveDonate
 
            Note that you will be prompted a bunch of times to confirm an action.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database to install sp_WhoisActive into. This parameter is mandatory when executing this command unattended.
 
        .PARAMETER LocalFile
            Specifies the path to a local file to install sp_WhoisActive from. This can be either the zipfile as distributed by the website or the expanded SQL script. If this parameter is not specified, the latest version will be downloaded and installed from https://whoisactive.com/
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the sp_WhoisActive will be downloaded from the internet even if previously cached.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database master
 
            Downloads sp_WhoisActive from the internet and installs to sqlserver2014a's master database. Connects to SQL Server using Windows Authentication.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Pops up a dialog box asking which database on sqlserver2014a you want to install the procedure into. Connects to SQL Server using SQL Authentication.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database master -LocalFile c:\SQLAdmin\whoisactive_install.sql
 
            Installs sp_WhoisActive to sqlserver2014a's master database from the local file whoisactive_install.sql
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $instances = Get-DbaRegisteredServer sqlserver
            Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance $instances -Database master
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaWhoIsActive
    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateScript( { Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf })]
        [string]$LocalFile,
        [object]$Database,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {
        $DbatoolsData = Get-DbaConfigValue -FullName "Path.DbatoolsData"
        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $zipfile = "$temp\spwhoisactive.zip"

        if ($LocalFile -eq $null -or $LocalFile.Length -eq 0) {
            $baseUrl = "http://whoisactive.com/downloads"
            $latest = ((Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing -uri http://whoisactive.com/downloads).Links | where-object { $PSItem.href -match "who_is_active" } | Select-Object href -First 1).href
            $LocalCachedCopy = Join-Path -Path $DbatoolsData -ChildPath $latest;

            if ((Test-Path -Path $LocalCachedCopy -PathType Leaf) -and (-not $Force)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Locally-cached copy exists, skipping download."
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Copying sp_WhoisActive from local cache for installation")) {
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalCachedCopy -Destination $zipfile;
                }
            }
            else {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Downloading sp_WhoisActive")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Downloading sp_WhoisActive zip file, unzipping and installing."
                        $url = $baseUrl + "/" + $latest
                        try {
                            Invoke-WebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                            Copy-Item -Path $zipfile -Destination $LocalCachedCopy
                        }
                        catch {
                            #try with default proxy and usersettings
                            (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                            Invoke-WebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't download sp_WhoisActive. Please download and install manually from $url." -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            # Look local
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Copying local file to temp directory")) {

                if ($LocalFile.EndsWith("zip")) {
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalFile -Destination $zipfile -Force
                }
                else {
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalFile -Destination (Join-Path -path $temp -childpath "whoisactivelocal.sql")
                }
            }
        }
        if ($LocalFile -eq $null -or $LocalFile.Length -eq 0 -or $LocalFile.EndsWith("zip")) {
            # Unpack
            # Unblock if there's a block
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Unpacking zipfile")) {

                Unblock-File $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if (Get-Command -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Name "Expand-Archive") {
                    try {
                        Expand-Archive -Path $zipfile -DestinationPath $temp -Force
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to extract $zipfile. Archive may not be valid." -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }
                else {
                    # Keep it backwards compatible
                    $shell = New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application
                    $zipPackage = $shell.NameSpace($zipfile)
                    $destinationFolder = $shell.NameSpace($temp)
                    Get-ChildItem "$temp\who*active*.sql" | Remove-Item
                    $destinationFolder.CopyHere($zipPackage.Items())
                }
                Remove-Item -Path $zipfile
            }
            $sqlfile = (Get-ChildItem "$temp\who*active*.sql" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object -First 1).FullName
        }
        else {
            $sqlfile = $LocalFile
        }

        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Reading SQL file into memory")) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using $sqlfile."

            $sql = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($sqlfile)
            $sql = $sql -replace 'USE master', ''
            $batches = $sql -split "GO\r\n"
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not $Database) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Prompting with GUI list of databases")) {
                    $Database = Show-DbaDatabaseList -SqlInstance $server -Title "Install sp_WhoisActive" -Header "To deploy sp_WhoisActive, select a database or hit cancel to quit." -DefaultDb "master"

                    if (-not $Database) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You must select a database to install the procedure." -Target $Database
                        return
                    }

                    if ($Database -ne 'master') {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You have selected a database other than master. When you run Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive in the future, you must specify -Database $Database."
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Installing sp_WhoisActive")) {
                try {
                    $ProcedureExists_Query = "select COUNT(*) [proc_count] from sys.procedures where is_ms_shipped = 0 and name like '%sp_WhoisActive%'"

                    if ($server.Databases[$Database]) {
                        $ProcedureExists = ($server.Query($ProcedureExists_Query, $Database)).proc_count
                        foreach ($batch in $batches) {
                            try {
                                $null = $server.databases[$Database].ExecuteNonQuery($batch)
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to install stored procedure." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
                            }
                        }

                        if ($ProcedureExists -gt 0) {
                            $status = 'Updated'
                        }
                        else {
                            $status = 'Installed'
                        }
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $Database
                            Name         = 'sp_WhoisActive'
                            Status       = $status
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find database $Database on $instance or $Database is not writeable." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
                    }

                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to install stored procedure." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
                }

            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Post-install cleanup")) {
            Get-Item $sqlfile | Remove-Item
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Install-SqlWhoIsActive
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Allows the restore of modified BackupHistory Objects
        For 90% of users Restore-DbaDatabase should be your point of access to this function. The other 10% use it at their own risk
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This is the final piece in the Restore-DbaDatabase Stack. Usually a BackupHistory object will arrive here from Restore-DbaDatabse via the following pipeline:
        Get-DbaBackupInformation | Select-DbaBackupInformation | Format-DbaBackupInformation | Test-DbaBackupInformation | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore
 
        We have exposed these functions publicly to allow advanced users to perform operations that we don't support, or won't add as they would make things too complex for the majority of our users
 
        For example if you wanted to do some very complex redirection during a migration, then doing the rewrite of destinations may be better done with your own custom scripts rather than via Format-DbaBackupInformation
 
        We would recommend ALWAYS pushing your input through Test-DbaBackupInformation just to make sure that it makes sense to us.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        The BackupHistory object to be restored.
        Can be passed in on the pipeline
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SqlInstance to which the backups should be restored
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential to be used to connect to the target SqlInstance
 
    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        If set, the restore will not be performed, but the T-SQL scripts to perform it will be returned
 
    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        If set, performs a Verify of the backups rather than a full restore
 
    .PARAMETER RestoreTime
        Point in Time to which the database should be restored.
 
        This should be the same value or earlier, as used in the previous pipeline stages
 
    .PARAMETER StandbyDirectory
        A folder path where a standby file should be created to put the recoverd databases in a standby mode
 
    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        Leave the database in a restoring state so that further restore may be made
 
    .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
        Parameter to set the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple by 64kb
 
    .PARAMETER Blocksize
        Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb or 64kb
        Can be specified in bytes
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail
 
    .PARAMETER BufferCount
        Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation.
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail
 
    .PARAMETER Continue
        Indicates that the restore is continuing a restore, so target database must be in Recovering or Standby states
 
    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        AzureCredential required to connect to blob storage holding the backups
 
    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        Indicated that if the database already exists it should be replaced
 
    .PARAMETER KeepCDC
        Indicates whether CDC information should be restored as part of the database
 
    .PARAMETER PageRestore
        The output from Get-DbaSuspect page containing the suspect pages to be restored.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        Replaces user friendly yellow warnings with bloody red exceptions of doom!
        Use this if you want the function to throw terminating errors you want to catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $BackupHistory | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance MyInstance
 
        Will restore all the backups in the BackupHistory object according to the transformations it contains
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $BackupHistory | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance MyInstance -OutputScriptOnly
        $BackupHistory | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance MyInstance
 
        First generates just the T-SQL restore scripts so they can be sanity checked, and then if they are good perform the full restore. By reusing the BackupHistory object there is no need to rescan all the backup files again
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Object[]]$BackupHistory,
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [datetime]$RestoreTime = (Get-Date).AddDays(2),
        [string]$StandbyDirectory,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [int]$MaxTransferSize,
        [int]$BlockSize,
        [int]$BufferCount,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [PSCredential]$AzureCredential,
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [switch]$KeepCDC,
        [object[]]$PageRestore,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        if ($KeepCDC -and ($NoRecovery -or ('' -ne $StandbyDirectory))) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "KeepCDC cannot be specified with Norecovery or Standby as it needs recovery to work"
            return
        }

        if ($null -ne $PageRestore) {
            Write-Message -Message "Doing Page Recovery" -Level Verbose
            $tmpPages = @()
            foreach ($Page in $PageRestore) {
                $tmppages += "$($Page.FileId):$($Page.PageID)"
            }
            $NoRecovery = $True
            $Pages = $tmpPages -join ','
        }
        #$OutputScriptOnly = $false
        $InternalHistory = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($bh in $BackupHistory) {
            $InternalHistory += $bh
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $Databases = $InternalHistory.Database | Select-Object -Unique
        foreach ($Database in $Databases) {
            if ($Database -in $Server.Databases.Name) {
                if (-not $OutputScriptOnly -and -not $VerifyOnly) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Killing processes in $Database on $SqlInstance as it exists and WithReplace specified `n", "Cannot proceed if processes exist, ", "Database Exists and WithReplace specified, need to kill processes to restore")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Killing processes on $Database"
                            $null = Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database -WarningAction Silentlycontinue
                            $null = $server.Query("Alter database $Database set offline with rollback immediate; alter database $Database set restricted_user; Alter database $Database set online with rollback immediate", 'master')
                            $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No processes to kill in $Database"
                        }
                    }
                }
                elseif (-not $WithReplace -and (-not $VerifyOnly)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Database exists and WithReplace not specified, stopping" -EnableException $EnableException
                    return
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "WithReplace = $WithReplace" -Level Debug
            $backups = @($InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database} | Sort-Object -Property Type, FirstLsn)
            $BackupCnt = 1
            foreach ($backup in $backups) {
                $Restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore
                if (($backup -ne $backups[-1]) -or $true -eq $NoRecovery) {
                    $Restore.NoRecovery = $True
                }
                elseif ($backup -eq $backups[-1] -and '' -ne $StandbyDirectory) {
                    $Restore.StandbyFile = $StandByDirectory + "\" + $Database + (get-date -Format yyyMMddHHmmss) + ".bak"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting standby on last file $($Restore.StandbyFile)"
                }
                else {
                    $Restore.NoRecovery = $False
                }
                if ($restoretime -gt (Get-Date) -or $Restore.RestoreTime -gt (Get-Date)) {
                    $Restore.ToPointInTime = $null
                }
                else {
                    if ($RestoreTime -ne $Restore.RestoreTime) {
                        $Restore.ToPointInTime = $backup.RestoreTime
                    }
                    else {
                        $Restore.ToPointInTime = $RestoreTime
                    }
                }

                $Restore.Database = $database
                $Restore.ReplaceDatabase = $WithReplace
                if ($MaxTransferSize) {
                    $Restore.MaxTransferSize = $MaxTransferSize
                }
                if ($BufferCount) {
                    $Restore.BufferCount = $BufferCount
                }
                if ($BlockSize) {
                    $Restore.Blocksize = $BlockSize
                }
                if ($true -ne $Continue -and ($null -eq $Pages)) {
                    foreach ($file in $backup.FileList) {
                        $MoveFile = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile
                        $MoveFile.LogicalFileName = $File.LogicalName
                        $MoveFile.PhysicalFileName = $File.PhysicalName
                        $null = $Restore.RelocateFiles.Add($MoveFile)
                    }
                }
                $Action = switch ($backup.Type) {
                    '1' {'Database'}
                    '2' {'Log'}
                    '5' {'Database'}
                    'Transaction Log' {'Log'}
                    Default {'Database'}
                }

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "restore action = $Action"
                $Restore.Action = $Action
                foreach ($File in $backup.FullName) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Adding device $file" -Level Debug
                    $Device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $Device.Name = $file
                    if ($file -like "http*") {
                        $Device.devicetype = "URL"
                        $Restore.CredentialName = $AzureCredential
                    }
                    else {
                        $Device.devicetype = "File"
                    }
                    $Restore.FileNumber = $backup.Position
                    $Restore.Devices.Add($Device)
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing restore action"
                $ConfirmMessage = "`n Restore Database $Database on $SqlInstance `n from files: $RestoreFileNames `n with these file moves: `n $LogicalFileMovesString `n $ConfirmPointInTime `n"
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Database on $SqlInstance `n `n", $ConfirmMessage)) {
                    try {
                        $RestoreComplete = $true
                        if ($KeepCDC -and $Restore.NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                            $script = $Restore.Script($server)
                            if ($script -like '*WITH*') {
                                $script = $script.TrimEnd() + ' , KEEP_CDC'
                            }
                            else {
                                $script = $script.TrimEnd() + ' WITH KEEP_CDC'
                            }
                            if ($true -ne $OutputScriptOnly) {
                                Write-Progress -id 2 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                                $null = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery($script)
                                Write-Progress -id 2 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($null -ne $Pages -and $Action -eq 'Database') {
                            $script = $Restore.Script($server)
                            $script = $script -replace "] FROM", "] PAGE='$pages' FROM"
                            if ($true -ne $OutputScriptOnly) {
                                Write-Progress -id 2 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                                $null = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery($script)
                                Write-Progress -id 2 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($OutputScriptOnly) {
                            $script = $Restore.Script($server)
                        }
                        elseif ($VerifyOnly) {
                            Write-Message -Message "VerifyOnly restore" -Level Verbose
                            Write-Progress -id 2 -activity "Verifying $Database backup file on $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                            $Verify = $Restore.SqlVerify($server)
                            Write-Progress -id 2 -activity "Verifying $Database backup file on $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            if ($verify -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Message "VerifyOnly restore Succeeded" -Level Verbose
                                return "Verify successful"
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Message "VerifyOnly restore Failed" -Level Verbose
                                return "Verify failed"
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $outerProgress = $BackupCnt/$Backups.Count*100
                            if ($BackupCnt -eq 1) {
                                Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -Activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0
                            }
                            Write-Progress -id 3 -ParentId 2 -Activity "Restore $($backup.FullName -Join ',')" -percentcomplete 0
                            $script = $Restore.Script($Server)
                            $percentcomplete = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                                Write-Progress -id 3 -ParentId 2 -Activity "Restore $($backup.FullName -Join ',')" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                            }
                            $Restore.add_PercentComplete($percentcomplete)
                            $Restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                            $Restore.SqlRestore($Server)
                            Write-Progress -id 3 -ParentId 2 -Activity "Restore $($backup.FullName -Join ',')" -Completed
                            Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -Activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete $outerProgress -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0:N2} %", $outerProgress))
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed, Closing Server connection"
                        $RestoreComplete = $False
                        $ExitError = $_.Exception.InnerException
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to restore db $Database, stopping" -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                    finally {

                        if ($OutputScriptOnly -eq $false) {
                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                SqlInstance            = $SqlInstance
                                DatabaseName           = $backup.Database
                                DatabaseOwner          = $server.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin
                                NoRecovery             = $Restore.NoRecovery
                                WithReplace            = $WithReplace
                                RestoreComplete        = $RestoreComplete
                                BackupFilesCount       = $backup.FullName.Count
                                RestoredFilesCount     = $backup.Filelist.PhysicalName.count
                                BackupSizeMB           = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'TotalSize')) { [Math]::Round(($backup | Measure-Object -Property TotalSize -Sum).Sum / 1mb, 2) } else { $null }
                                CompressedBackupSizeMB = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'CompressedBackupSize')) { [Math]::Round(($backup | Measure-Object -Property CompressedBackupSize -Sum).Sum / 1mb, 2) } else { $null }
                                BackupFile             = $backup.FullName -Join ','
                                RestoredFile           = $((Split-Path $backup.FileList.PhysicalName -Leaf) | Sort-Object -Unique) -Join ','
                                RestoredFileFull       = ($backup.Filelist.PhysicalName -Join ',')
                                RestoreDirectory       = ((Split-Path $backup.FileList.PhysicalName) | Sort-Object -Unique) -Join ','
                                BackupSize             = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'TotalSize')) { ($backup | Measure-Object -Property TotalSize -Sum).Sum } else { $null }
                                CompressedBackupSize   = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'CompressedBackupSize')) { ($backup | Measure-Object -Property CompressedBackupSize -Sum).Sum } else { $null }
                                Script                 = $script
                                BackupFileRaw          = ($backups.Fullname)
                                ExitError              = $ExitError
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty BackupSize, CompressedBackupSize, ExitError, BackupFileRaw, RestoredFileFull
                        }
                        else {
                            $script
                        }
                        if ($Restore.Devices.Count -gt 0) {
                            $Restore.Devices.Clear()
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Succeeded, Closing Server connection"
                        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
                    }
                }
                Write-Progress -id 1 -Activity "Restoring" -Completed
                Write-Progress -id 2 -Activity "Restoring" -Completed
                $BackupCnt++
            }
            if ($server.ConnectionContext.exists) {
                $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles {
    <#
 
    .SYNOPSIS
        Re-balance data between data files
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        When you have a large database with a single data file and add another file, SQL Server will only use the new file until it's about the same size.
        You may want to balance the data between all the data files.
 
        The function will check the server version and edition to see if the it allows for online index rebuilds.
        If the server does support it, it will try to rebuild the index online.
        If the server doesn't support it, it will rebuild the index offline. Be carefull though, this can cause downtime
 
        The tables must have a clustered index to be able to balance out the data.
        The function does NOT yet support heaps.
 
        The function will also check if the file groups are subject to balance out.
        A file group whould have at least have 2 data files and should be writable.
        If a table is within such a file group it will be subject for processing. If not the table will be skipped.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance or instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process.
 
    .PARAMETER Table
        The tables(s) of the database to process. If unspecified, all tables will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER RebuildOffline
        Will set all the indexes to rebuild offline.
        This option is also needed when the server version is below 2005.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:
 
        The server does not support online rebuilds of indexes.
        Do you want to rebuild the indexes offline?
        [Y] Yes [N] No [?] Help (default is "Y"):
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
        This will disable the check for enough disk space for the action to be successful.
        Use this with caution!!
 
    .NOTES
        Original Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
        Tags: Database, File management, data management
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1
 
    This command will distribute the data in database db1 on instance sql1
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1 | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DataFilesEnd
 
    This command will distribute the data in database db1 on instance sql1
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1 -Table table1,table2,table5
 
    This command will distribute the data for only the tables table1,table2 and table5
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1 -RebuildOffline
 
    This command will consider the fact that there might be a SQL Server edition that does not support online rebuilds of indexes.
    By supplying this parameter you give permission to do the rebuilds offline if the edition does not support it.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [Alias("Tables")]
        [object[]]$Table,
        [switch]$RebuildOffline,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    process {

        Write-Message -Message "Starting balancing out data files" -Level Verbose

        # Set the initial success flag
        [bool]$success = $true

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check the database parameter
            if ($Database) {
                if ($Database -notin $server.Databases.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "One or more databases cannot be found on instance on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Please supply a database to balance out" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get the server version
            $serverVersion = $server.Version.Major

            # Check edition of the sql instance
            if ($RebuildOffline) {
                Write-Message -Message "Continuing with offline rebuild." -Level Verbose
            }
            elseif (-not $RebuildOffline -and ($serverVersion -lt 9 -or (([string]$Server.Edition -notmatch "Developer") -and ($Server.Edition -notmatch "Enterprise")))) {
                # Set up the confirm part
                $message = "The server does not support online rebuilds of indexes. `nDo you want to rebuild the indexes offline?"
                $choiceYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Answer Yes."
                $choiceNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Answer No."
                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($choiceYes, $choiceNo)
                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)

                # Check the result from the confirm
                switch ($result) {
                    # If yes
                    0 {
                        # Set the option to generate a full backup
                        Write-Message -Message "Continuing with offline rebuild." -Level Verbose

                        [bool]$supportOnlineRebuild = $false
                    }
                    1 {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You chose to not allow offline rebuilds of indexes. Use -RebuildOffline" -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                } # switch
            }
            elseif ($serverVersion -ge 9 -and (([string]$Server.Edition -like "Developer*") -or ($Server.Edition -like "Enterprise*"))) {
                [bool]$supportOnlineRebuild = $true
            }

            # Loop through each of the databases
            foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                $dataFilesStarting = Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Where-Object { $_.TypeDescription -eq 'ROWS' } | Select-Object ID, LogicalName, PhysicalName, Size, UsedSpace, AvailableSpace | Sort-Object ID

                if (-not $Force) {
                    # Check the amount of disk space available
                    $query = "SELECT SUBSTRING(physical_name, 0, 4) AS 'Drive' ,
                                        SUM(( size * 8 ) / 1024) AS 'SizeMB'
                                FROM sys.master_files
                                WHERE DB_NAME(database_id) = '$($db.Name)'
                                GROUP BY SUBSTRING(physical_name, 0, 4)"
                    # Execute the query
                    $dbDiskUsage = $Server.Query($query)

                    # Get the free space for each drive
                    $result = $Server.Query("xp_fixeddrives")
                    $MbFreeColName = $result[0].psobject.Properties.Name[1]
                    $diskFreeSpace = $result | Select-Object Drive, @{ Name = 'FreeMB'; Expression = { $_.$MbFreeColName } }

                    # Loop through each of the drives to see if the size of files on that
                    # particular disk do not exceed the free space of that disk
                    foreach ($d in $dbDiskUsage) {
                        $freeSpace = $diskFreeSpace | Where-Object { $_.Drive -eq $d.Drive.Trim(':\') } | Select-Object FreeMB
                        if ($d.SizeMB -gt $freeSpace.FreeMB) {
                            # Set the success flag
                            $success = $false

                            Stop-Function -Message "The available space may not be sufficient to continue the process. Please use -Force to try anyway." -Target $instance -Continue
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Create the start time
                $start = Get-Date

                # Check if the function needs to continue
                if ($success) {

                    # Get the database files before all the alterations
                    Write-Message -Message "Retrieving data files before data move" -Level Verbose
                    Write-Message -Message "Processing database $db" -Level Verbose

                    # Check the datafiles of the database
                    $dataFiles = Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance $instance -Database $db | Where-Object { $_.TypeDescription -eq 'ROWS' }
                    if ($dataFiles.Count -eq 1) {
                        # Set the success flag
                        $success = $false

                        Stop-Function -Message "Database $db only has one data file. Please add a data file to balance out the data" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    # Check the tables parameter
                    if ($Table) {
                        if ($Table -notin $db.Table) {
                            # Set the success flag
                            $success = $false

                            Stop-Function -Message "One or more tables cannot be found in database $db on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }

                        $TableCollection = $db.Tables | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Table }
                    }
                    else {
                        $TableCollection = $db.Tables
                    }

                    # Get the database file groups and check the aount of data files
                    Write-Message -Message "Retrieving file groups" -Level Verbose
                    $fileGroups = $Server.Databases[$db.Name].FileGroups

                    # ARray to hold the file groups with properties
                    $balanceableTables = @()

                    # Loop through each of the file groups

                    foreach ($fg in $fileGroups) {

                        # If there is less than 2 files balancing out data is not possible
                        if (($fg.Files.Count -ge 2) -and ($fg.Readonly -eq $false)) {
                            $balanceableTables += $fg.EnumObjects() | Where-Object { $_.GetType().Name -eq 'Table' }
                        }
                    }

                    $unsuccessfulTables = @()

                    # Loop through each of the tables
                    foreach ($tbl in $TableCollection) {

                        # Chck if the table balanceable
                        if ($tbl.Name -in $balanceableTables.Name) {

                            Write-Message -Message "Processing table $tbl" -Level Verbose

                            # Chck the tables and get the clustered indexes
                            if ($TableCollection.Indexes.Count -lt 1) {
                                # Set the success flag
                                $success = $false

                                Stop-Function -Message "Table $tbl does not contain any indexes" -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                            else {

                                # Get all the clustered indexes for the table
                                $clusteredIndexes = $TableCollection.Indexes | Where-Object { $_.IndexType -eq 'ClusteredIndex' }

                                if ($clusteredIndexes.Count -lt 1) {
                                    # Set the success flag
                                    $success = $false

                                    Stop-Function -Message "No clustered indexes found in table $tbl" -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }

                            # Loop through each of the clustered indexes and rebuild them
                            Write-Message -Message "$($clusteredIndexes.Count) clustered index(es) found for table $tbl" -Level Verbose
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Rebuilding indexes to balance data")) {
                                foreach ($ci in $clusteredIndexes) {

                                    Write-Message -Message "Rebuilding index $($ci.Name)" -Level Verbose

                                    # Get the original index operation
                                    [bool]$originalIndexOperation = $ci.OnlineIndexOperation

                                    # Set the rebuild option to be either offline or online
                                    if ($RebuildOffline) {
                                        $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $false
                                    }
                                    elseif ($serverVersion -ge 9 -and $supportOnlineRebuild -and -not $RebuildOffline) {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Setting the index operation for index $($ci.Name) to online" -Level Verbose
                                        $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $true
                                    }

                                    # Rebuild the index
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Rebuilding index $($ci.Name)" -Level Verbose
                                        $ci.Rebuild()

                                        # Set the success flag
                                        $success = $true
                                    }
                                    catch {
                                        # Set the original index operation back for the index
                                        $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $originalIndexOperation

                                        # Set the success flag
                                        $success = $false

                                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong rebuilding index $($ci.Name). `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                    }

                                    # Set the original index operation back for the index
                                    Write-Message -Message "Setting the index operation for index $($ci.Name) back to the original value" -Level Verbose
                                    $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $originalIndexOperation

                                } # foreach index

                            } # if process

                        } # if table is balanceable
                        else {
                            # Add the table to the unsuccessful array
                            $unsuccessfulTables += $tbl.Name

                            # Set the success flag
                            $success = $false

                            Write-Message -Message "Table $tbl cannot be balanced out" -Level Verbose
                        }

                    } #foreach table
                }

                # Create the end time
                $end = Get-Date

                # Create the time span
                $timespan = New-TimeSpan -Start $start -End $end
                $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($timespan.TotalSeconds)
                $elapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)

                # Get the database files after all the alterations
                Write-Message -Message "Retrieving data files after data move" -Level Verbose
                $dataFilesEnding = Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Where-Object { $_.TypeDescription -eq 'ROWS' } | Select-Object ID, LogicalName, PhysicalName, Size, UsedSpace, AvailableSpace | Sort-Object ID

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database       = $db.Name
                    Start          = $start
                    End            = $end
                    Elapsed        = $elapsed
                    Success        = $success
                    Unsuccessful   = $unsuccessfulTables -join ","
                    DataFilesStart = $dataFilesStarting
                    DataFilesEnd   = $dataFilesEnding
                }

            } # foreach database

        } # end process
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaCycleErrorLog {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Cycles the current instance or agent log.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Cycles the current error log for the instance (SQL Server) and/or SQL Server Agent.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance holding the databases to be removed.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Type
            The log to cycle.
            Accepts: instance or agent.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Log, Cycle
            Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton | http://blog.wsmelton.info)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaCycleLog
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaCycleLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type agent
 
            Cycles the current error log for the SQL Server Agent on SQL Server instance sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaCycleLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type instance
 
            Cycles the current error log for the SQL Server instance on SQL Server instance sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaCycleLog -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Cycles the current error log for both SQL Server instance and SQL Server Agent on SQL Server instance sql2016
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('instance', 'agent')]
        [string]$Type,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (Test-Bound 'Type') {
            if ($Type -notin 'instance', 'agent') {
                Stop-Function -Message "The type provided [$Type] for $SqlInstance is not an accepted value. Please use 'Instance' or 'Agent'"
                return
            }
        }
        $logToCycle = @()
        switch ($Type) {
            'agent' {
                $sql = "EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_cycle_agent_errorlog;"
                $logToCycle = $Type
            }
            'instance' {
                $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_cycle_errorlog;"
                $logToCycle = $Type
            }
            default {
                $sql = "
                    EXEC master.dbo.sp_cycle_errorlog;
                    EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_cycle_agent_errorlog;"
                $logToCycle = 'instance', 'agent'
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $logs = $logToCycle -join ','
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Cycle the log(s): $logs")) {
                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        LogType      = $logToCycle
                        IsSuccessful = $true
                        Notes        = $null
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    LogType      = $logToCycle
                    IsSuccessful = $false
                    Notes        = $_.Exception
                }
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue cycling $logs on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDatabaseClone {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Clones a database schema and statistics
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Clones a database schema and statistics.
 
        This can be useful for testing query performance without requiring all the space needed for the data in the database.
 
        Read more at sqlperformance: https://sqlperformance.com/2016/08/sql-statistics/expanding-dbcc-clonedatabase
 
        Thanks to Microsoft Tiger Team for the code and idea https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to clone - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
    .PARAMETER CloneDatabase
        The name(s) to clone to.
 
    .PARAMETER UpdateStatistics
        Update the statistics prior to cloning (per Microsoft Tiger Team formula)
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Statistics, Performance
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDatabaseClone
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaDatabaseClone -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database mydb -CloneDatabase myclone
        Clones mydb to myclone on sql2016
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaDatabaseClone -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database mydb -CloneDatabase myclone, myclone2 -UpdateStatistics
        Updates the statistics of mydb then clones to myclone and myclone2
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object]$Database,
        [string[]]$CloneDatabase,
        [switch]$UpdateStatistics,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if (-not $Database.Name -and -not $SqlInstance) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a server name if you did not pipe a database"
        }

        $updatestats = "declare @out table(id int identity(1,1),s sysname, o sysname, i sysname, stats_stream varbinary(max), rows bigint, pages bigint)
                    declare @dbcc table(stats_stream varbinary(max), rows bigint, pages bigint)
                    declare c cursor for
                           select object_schema_name(object_id) s, object_name(object_id) o, name i
                           from sys.indexes
                           where type_desc in ('CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE', 'NONCLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE')
                    declare @s sysname, @o sysname, @i sysname
                    open c
                    fetch next from c into @s, @o, @i
                    while @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 begin
                           declare @showStats nvarchar(max) = N'DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS(""' + quotename(@s) + '.' + quotename(@o) + '"", ' + quotename(@i) + ') with stats_stream'
                           insert @dbcc exec sp_executesql @showStats
                           insert @out select @s, @o, @i, stats_stream, rows, pages from @dbcc
                           delete @dbcc
                           fetch next from c into @s, @o, @i
                    end
                    close c
                    deallocate c
 
 
                    declare @sql nvarchar(max);
                    declare @id int;
 
                    select top 1 @id=id,@sql=
                    'UPDATE STATISTICS ' + quotename(s) + '.' + quotename(o) + '(' + quotename(i)
                    + ') with stats_stream = ' + convert(nvarchar(max), stats_stream, 1)
                    + ', rowcount = ' + convert(nvarchar(max), rows) + ', pagecount = ' + convert(nvarchar(max), pages)
                    from @out
 
                    WHILE (@@ROWCOUNT <> 0)
                    BEGIN
                        exec sp_executesql @sql
                        delete @out where id = @id
                        select top 1 @id=id,@sql=
                        'UPDATE STATISTICS ' + quotename(s) + '.' + quotename(o) + '(' + quotename(i)
                        + ') with stats_stream = ' + convert(nvarchar(max), stats_stream, 1)
                        + ', rowcount = ' + convert(nvarchar(max), rows) + ', pagecount = ' + convert(nvarchar(max), pages)
                        from @out
                    END"

    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 12
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql2012min = [version]"11.0.7001.0" # SQL 2012 SP4
            $sql2014min = [version]"12.0.5000.0" # SQL 2014 SP2
            $sql2016min = [version]"13.0.4001.0" # SQL 2016 SP1


            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 11 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2012min) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2012 SP4 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 12 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2014min) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2014 SP2 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 13 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2016min) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2016 SP1 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if (-not $Database.Name) {
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database]$database = $server.Databases[$database]
            }

            if ($Database.IsSystemObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Only user databases are supported" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not $Database.name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database not found" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($UpdateStatistics) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating statistics"
                    $null = $database.Query($updatestats)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            $dbname = $database.Name

            foreach ($db in $CloneDatabase) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cloning $db from $database"
                if ($server.Databases[$db]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Destination clone database $db already exists" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                else {
                    try {
                        $sql = "dbcc clonedatabase('$dbname','$db')"
                        $null = $database.Query($sql)
                        $server.Databases.Refresh()
                        Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $db
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDatabaseShrink {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Shrinks all files in a database. This is a command that should rarely be used.
 
- Shrinks can cause severe index fragmentation (to the tune of 99%)
- Shrinks can cause massive growth in the database's transaction log
- Shrinks can require a lot of time and system resources to perform data movement
 
.DESCRIPTION
Shrinks all files in a database. Databases should be shrunk only when completely necessary.
 
Many awesome SQL people have written about why you should not shrink your data files. Paul Randal and Kalen Delaney wrote great posts about this topic:
 
    http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/why-you-should-not-shrink-your-data-files
    http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/shrinking-data-files
 
However, there are some cases where a database will need to be shrunk. In the event that you must shrink your database:
 
1. Ensure you have plenty of space for your T-Log to grow
2. Understand that shrinks require a lot of CPU and disk resources
3. Consider running DBCC INDEXDEFRAG or ALTER INDEX ... REORGANIZE after the shrink is complete.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER AllUserDatabases
Run command against all user databases
 
.PARAMETER PercentFreeSpace
Specifies how much to reduce the database in percent, defaults to 0.
 
.PARAMETER ShrinkMethod
Specifies the method that is used to shrink the database
 
        Default
            Data in pages located at the end of a file is moved to pages earlier in the file. Files are truncated to reflect allocated space.
        EmptyFile
            Migrates all of the data from the referenced file to other files in the same filegroup. (DataFile and LogFile objects only).
        NoTruncate
            Data in pages located at the end of a file is moved to pages earlier in the file.
        TruncateOnly
            Data distribution is not affected. Files are truncated to reflect allocated space, recovering free space at the end of any file.
 
.PARAMETER StatementTimeout
Timeout in minutes. Defaults to infinity (shrinks can take a while.)
 
.PARAMETER LogsOnly
Deprecated. Use FileType instead
 
.PARAMETER FileType
Specifies the files types that will be shrunk
 
        All
            All Data and Log files are shrunk, using database shrink (Default)
        Data
            Just the Data files are shrunk using file shrink
        Log
            Just the Log files are shrunk using file shrink
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeIndexStats
Exclude statistics about fragmentation
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeUpdateUsage
Exclude DBCC UPDATE USAGE for database
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:
 
Are you sure you want to perform this action?
Performing the operation "Shrink database" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
[Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"):
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Shrink, Databases
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDatabaseShrink
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaDatabaseShrink -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Northwind,pubs,Adventureworks2014
 
Shrinks Northwind, pubs and Adventureworks2014 to have as little free space as possible.
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaDatabaseShrink -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database Adventureworks2014 -PercentFreeSpace 50
 
Shrinks Adventureworks2014 to have 50% free space. So let's say Adventureworks2014 was 1GB and it's using 100MB space. The database free space would be reduced to 50MB.
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaDatabaseShrink -SqlInstance sql2012 -AllUserDatabases
 
Shrinks all databases on SQL2012 (not ideal for production)
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,
        [ValidateRange(0, 99)]
        [int]$PercentFreeSpace = 0,
        [ValidateSet('Default', 'EmptyFile', 'NoTruncate', 'TruncateOnly')]
        [string]$ShrinkMethod = "Default",
        [ValidateSet('All', 'Data', 'Log')]
        [string]$FileType = "All",
        [int]$StatementTimeout = 0,
        [switch]$LogsOnly,
        [switch]$ExcludeIndexStats,
        [switch]$ExcludeUpdateUsage,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($LogsOnly) {
            Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "LogsOnly"
            $FileType = 'Log'
        }

        $StatementTimeoutSeconds = $StatementTimeout * 60

        $sql = "SELECT
                indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
                INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
                INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
                INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
                AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
                WHERE indexstats.database_id = DB_ID() AND indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 0
                ORDER BY indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent desc"

        $sqltop1 = "SELECT top 1
                indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
                INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
                INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
                INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
                AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
                WHERE indexstats.database_id = DB_ID()
                ORDER BY indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent desc"
    }

    process {
        if (!$Database -and !$ExcludeDatabase -and !$AllUserDatabases) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify databases to execute against using either -Databases, -Exclude or -AllUserDatabases" -Continue
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # changing statement timeout to $StatementTimeout
            if ($StatementTimeout -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing statement timeout to infinity"
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing statement timeout to $StatementTimeout minutes"
            }
            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $StatementTimeoutSeconds

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsDatabaseSnapshot) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db on server $instance is a snapshot and cannot be shrunk. Skipping database."
                    continue
                }

                $startingsize = $db.Size
                $spaceAvailableMB = $db.SpaceAvailable / 1024
                $spaceused = $startingsize - $spaceAvailableMB
                $desiredSpaceAvailable = ($PercentFreeSpace * $spaceused) / 100

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Size (MB): $startingsize"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Freespace (MB): $([int]$spaceavailableMB)"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Desired Freespace (MB): $([int]$desiredSpaceAvailable)"

                if (($db.SpaceAvailable / 1024) -le $desiredSpaceAvailable) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Space Available ($spaceavailableMB) is less than or equal to the desired outcome ($desiredSpaceAvailable)"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Shrinking from $([int]$spaceavailableMB) MB space available to $([int]$desiredSpaceAvailable) MB space available")) {
                        if ($db.Tables.Indexes.Name -and $server.VersionMajor -gt 8 -and $ExcludeIndexStats -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting average fragmentation"
                            $startingfrag = ($server.Query($sql, $db.name) | Select-Object -ExpandProperty avg_fragmentation_in_percent | Measure-Object -Average).Average
                            $startingtopfrag = ($server.Query($sqltop1, $db.name)).avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                        }
                        else {
                            $startingtopfrag = $startingfrag = $null
                        }

                        $start = Get-Date

                        switch ($FileType) {
                            'Log' {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Beginning shrink of log files"
                                    $db.LogFiles.Shrink($PercentFreeSpace, $ShrinkMethod)
                                    $db.Refresh()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recalculating space usage"
                                    $success = $true
                                    $notes = $null
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $success = $false
                                    $notes = $_.Exception.InnerException
                                }
                            }
                            'Data' {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Beginning shrink of data files"
                                    foreach ($fileGroup in $db.FileGroups) {
                                        foreach ($file in $fileGroup.Files) {
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Beggining shrink of $($file.Name)"
                                            $file.Shrink($PercentFreeSpace, $ShrinkMethod)
                                        }
                                    }
                                    $db.Refresh()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recalculating space usage"
                                    if (-not $ExcludeUpdateUsage) { $db.RecalculateSpaceUsage() }
                                    $success = $true
                                    $notes = $null
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $success = $false
                                    $notes = $_.Exception.InnerException
                                }
                            }
                            default {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Beginning shrink of entire database"
                                    $db.Shrink($PercentFreeSpace, $ShrinkMethod)
                                    $db.Refresh()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recalculating space usage"
                                    if (-not $ExcludeUpdateUsage) { $db.RecalculateSpaceUsage() }
                                    $success = $true
                                    $notes = $null
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $success = $false
                                    $notes = $_.Exception.InnerException
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        $end = Get-Date
                        $dbsize = $db.Size
                        $newSpaceAvailableMB = $db.SpaceAvailable / 1024

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Final database size: $([int]$dbsize) MB"
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Final space available: $([int]$newSpaceAvailableMB) MB"

                        if ($db.Tables.Indexes.Name -and $server.VersionMajor -gt 8 -and $ExcludeIndexStats -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Refreshing indexes and getting average fragmentation"
                            $endingdefrag = ($server.Query($sql, $db.name) | Select-Object -ExpandProperty avg_fragmentation_in_percent | Measure-Object -Average).Average
                            $endingtopfrag = ($server.Query($sqltop1, $db.name)).avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                        }
                        else {
                            $endingtopfrag = $endingdefrag = $null
                        }

                        $timespan = New-TimeSpan -Start $start -End $end
                        $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($timespan.TotalSeconds)
                        $elapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)
                    }
                }

                #$db.TruncateLog()

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Showing results")) {
                    if ($null -eq $notes) {
                        $notes = "Database shrinks can cause massive index fragmentation and negatively impact performance. You should now run DBCC INDEXDEFRAG or ALTER INDEX ... REORGANIZE"
                    }

                    $object = [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName                  = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                      = $db.name
                        Start                         = $start
                        End                           = $end
                        Elapsed                       = $elapsed
                        Success                       = $success
                        StartingTotalSizeMB           = [math]::Round($startingsize, 2)
                        StartingUsedMB                = [math]::Round($spaceused, 2)
                        FinalTotalSizeMB              = [math]::Round($db.size, 2)
                        StartingAvailableMB           = [math]::Round($spaceavailableMB, 2)
                        DesiredAvailableMB            = [math]::Round($desiredSpaceAvailable, 2)
                        FinalAvailableMB              = [math]::Round(($db.SpaceAvailable / 1024), 2)
                        StartingAvgIndexFragmentation = [math]::Round($startingfrag, 1)
                        EndingAvgIndexFragmentation   = [math]::Round($endingdefrag, 1)
                        StartingTopIndexFragmentation = [math]::Round($startingtopfrag, 1)
                        EndingTopIndexFragmentation   = [math]::Round($endingtopfrag, 1)
                        Notes                         = $notes
                    }

                    if ($ExcludeIndexStats) {
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -ExcludeProperty StartingAvgIndexFragmentation, EndingAvgIndexFragmentation, StartingTopIndexFragmentation, EndingTopIndexFragmentation
                    }
                    else {
                        $object
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Take a database and upgrades it to compatibility of the SQL Instance its hosted on. Based on https://thomaslarock.com/2014/06/upgrading-to-sql-server-2014-a-dozen-things-to-check/
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Updates compatibility level, then runs CHECKDB with data_purity, DBCC updateusage, sp_updatestats and finally sp_refreshview against all user views.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    The database(s) to process - this list is autopopulated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    The database(s) to exclude - this list is autopopulated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER AllUserDatabases
    Run command against all user databases
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    Don't skip over databases that are already at the same level the instance is
 
    .PARAMETER NoCheckDb
    Skip checkdb
 
    .PARAMETER NoUpdateUsage
    Skip usage update
 
    .PARAMETER NoUpdateStats
    Skip stats update
 
    .PARAMETER NoRefreshView
    Skip view update
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
    A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:
 
    Are you sure you want to perform this action?
    Performing the operation "Update database" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
    [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"):
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
        Tags: Shrink, Databases
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade -SqlInstance PRD-SQL-MSD01 -Database Test
 
        Runs the below processes against the databases
        -- Puts compatibility of database to level of SQL Instance
        -- Runs CHECKDB DATA_PURITY
        -- Runs DBCC UPDATESUSAGE
        -- Updates all users statistics
        -- Runs sp_refreshview against every view in the database
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade -SqlInstance PRD-SQL-INT01 -Database Test -NoRefreshView
 
        Runs the upgrade command skipping the sp_refreshview update on all views
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade -SqlInstance PRD-SQL-INT01 -Database Test -Force
 
        If database Test is already at the correct compatibility, runs every necessary step
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade
 
        Get only specific databases using GridView and pass those to Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$NoCheckDb,
        [switch]$NoUpdateUsage,
        [switch]$NoUpdateStats,
        [switch]$NoRefreshView,
        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,
        [switch]$Force,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        if (Test-Bound -not 'SqlInstance', 'DatabaseCollection') {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify either a SQL instance or pipe a database collection"
            continue
        }

        if (Test-Bound -not 'Database', 'DatabaseCollection', 'ExcludeDatabase', 'AllUserDatabases') {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must explicitly specify a database. Use -Database, -ExcludeDatabase, -AllUserDatabases or pipe a database collection"
            continue
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to <c='green'>$instance</c>" -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = [Int32]::MaxValue
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $DatabaseCollection += $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
        }

        $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
        if ($Database) {
            $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object { $_.Name -contains $Database }
        }
        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object { $_.Name -notcontains $ExcludeDatabase }
        }

        foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
            # create objects to use in updates
            $server = $db.Parent
            $ServerVersion = $server.VersionMajor
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server is using Version: $ServerVersion"

            $ogcompat = $db.CompatibilityLevel
            $dbname = $db.Name
            $dbversion = switch ($db.CompatibilityLevel) {
                "Version100" { 10 } # SQL Server 2008
                "Version110" { 11 } # SQL Server 2012
                "Version120" { 12 } # SQL Server 2014
                "Version130" { 13 } # SQL Server 2016
                "Version140" { 14 } # SQL Server 2017
                default { 9 } # SQL Server 2005
            }
            if (-not $Force) {
                # skip over databases at the correct level, unless -Force
                if ($dbversion -ge $ServerVersion) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Skipping $db because compatibility is at the correct level. Use -Force if you want to run all the additional steps"
                    continue
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db compatibility to SQL Instance level"
            if ($dbversion -lt $ServerVersion) {
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db version on $server from $dbversion to $ServerVersion")) {
                    $Comp = $ServerVersion * 10
                    $tsqlComp = "ALTER DATABASE $db SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = $Comp"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlComp)
                        $comResult = $Comp
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed run Compatibility Upgrade" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $comResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                $comResult = "No change"
            }

            if (!($NoCheckDb)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db with DBCC CHECKDB DATA_PURITY"
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db with DBCC CHECKDB DATA_PURITY")) {
                    $tsqlCheckDB = "DBCC CHECKDB ('$dbname') WITH DATA_PURITY, NO_INFOMSGS"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlCheckDB)
                        $DataPurityResult = "Success"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed run DBCC CHECKDB with DATA_PURITY on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $DataPurityResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignoring CHECKDB DATA_PURITY"
            }

            if (!($NoUpdateUsage)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db with DBCC UPDATEUSAGE"
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db with DBCC UPDATEUSAGE")) {
                    $tsqlUpdateUsage = "DBCC UPDATEUSAGE ($db) WITH NO_INFOMSGS;"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlUpdateUsage)
                        $UpdateUsageResult = "Success"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to run DBCC UPDATEUSAGE on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $UpdateUsageResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignore DBCC UPDATEUSAGE"
                $UpdateUsageResult = "Skipped"
            }

            if (!($NoUpdatestats)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db statistics"
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db statistics")) {
                    $tsqlStats = "EXEC sp_updatestats;"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlStats)
                        $UpdateStatsResult = "Success"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to run sp_updatestats on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $UpdateStatsResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignoring sp_updatestats"
                $UpdateStatsResult = "Skipped"
            }

            if (!($NoRefreshView)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Refreshing $db Views"
                $dbViews = $db.Views | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
                $RefreshViewResult = "Success"
                foreach ($dbview in $dbviews) {
                    $viewName = $dbView.Name
                    $viewSchema = $dbView.Schema
                    $fullName = $viewSchema + "." + $viewName

                    $tsqlupdateView = "EXECUTE sp_refreshview N'$fullName'; "

                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Refreshing view $fullName on $db")) {
                        try {
                            $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlupdateView)
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed update view $fullName on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                            $RefreshViewResult = "Fail"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignore View Refreshes"
                $RefreshViewResult = "Skipped"
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Outputting object")) {
                $db.Refresh()

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database              = $db.name
                    OriginalCompatibility = $ogcompat.ToString().Replace('Version', '')
                    CurrentCompatibility  = $db.CompatibilityLevel.ToString().Replace('Version', '')
                    Compatibility         = $comResult
                    DataPurity            = $DataPurityResult
                    UpdateUsage           = $UpdateUsageResult
                    UpdateStats           = $UpdateStatsResult
                    RefreshViews          = $RefreshViewResult
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery runs the scripts provided by Glenn Berry's DMV scripts on specified servers
 
.DESCRIPTION
This is the main function of the Sql Server Diagnostic Queries related functions in dbatools.
The diagnostic queries are developed and maintained by Glenn Berry and they can be found here along with a lot of documentation:
http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/category/dmv-queries/
 
The most recent version of the diagnostic queries are included in the dbatools module.
But it is possible to download a newer set or a specific version to an alternative location and parse and run those scripts.
It will run all or a selection of those scripts on one or multiple servers and return the result as a PowerShell Object
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server. Can be either a string or SMO server
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows alternative Windows or SQL login credentials to be used
 
.PARAMETER Path
Alternate path for the diagnostic scripts
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude
 
.PARAMETER UseSelectionHelper
Provides a gridview with all the queries to choose from and will run the selection made by the user on the Sql Server instance specified.
 
.PARAMETER QueryName
Only run specific query
 
.PARAMETER InstanceOnly
Run only instance level queries
 
.PARAMETER DatabaseSpecific
Run only database level queries
 
.PARAMETER NoQueryTextColumn
Use this switch to exclude the [Complete Query Text] column from relevant queries
 
.PARAMETER NoPlanColumn
Use this switch to exclude the [Query Plan] column from relevant queries
 
.PARAMETER NoColumnParsing
Does not parse the [Complete Query Text] and [Query Plan] columns and disregards the NoQueryTextColumn and NoColumnParsing switches
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts to confirm certain actions
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command would execute, but does not actually perform the command
 
 
.NOTES
Tags: Database, DMV
Author: André Kamman (@AndreKamman), http://clouddba.io
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016
 
Run the selection made by the user on the Sql Server instance specified.
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016 -UseSelectionHelper | Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery -Path C:\temp\gboutput
 
Provides a gridview with all the queries to choose from and will run the selection made by the user on the SQL Server instance specified.
 
Then it will export the results to Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery.
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path,
        [string[]]$QueryName,
        [switch]$UseSelectionHelper,
        [switch]$InstanceOnly,
        [switch]$DatabaseSpecific,
        [Switch]$NoQueryTextColumn,
        [Switch]$NoPlanColumn,
        [Switch]$NoColumnParsing,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {

        function Invoke-DiagnosticQuerySelectionHelper {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                $ParsedScript
            )

            $ParsedScript | Select-Object QueryNr, QueryName, DBSpecific, Description | Out-GridView -Title "Diagnostic Query Overview" -OutputMode Multiple | Sort-Object QueryNr | Select-Object -ExpandProperty QueryName

        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Interpreting DMV Script Collections"

        $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools
        $base = $module.ModuleBase

        if (!$Path) {
            $Path = "$base\bin\diagnosticquery"
        }

        $scriptversions = @()
        $scriptfiles = Get-ChildItem "$Path\SQLServerDiagnosticQueries_*_*.sql"

        if (!$scriptfiles) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Diagnostic scripts not found in $Path. Using the ones within the module."

            $Path = "$base\bin\diagnosticquery"

            $scriptfiles = Get-ChildItem "$base\bin\diagnosticquery\SQLServerDiagnosticQueries_*_*.sql"
            if (!$scriptfiles) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to download scripts, do you have an internet connection? $_" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }

        [int[]]$filesort = $null

        foreach ($file in $scriptfiles) {
            $filesort += $file.BaseName.Split("_")[2]
        }

        $currentdate = $filesort | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

        foreach ($file in $scriptfiles) {
            if ($file.BaseName.Split("_")[2] -eq $currentdate) {
                $parsedscript = Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQueryScriptParser -filename $file.fullname -NoQueryTextColumn:$NoQueryTextColumn -NoPlanColumn:$NoPlanColumn -NoColumnParsing:$NoColumnParsing

                $newscript = [pscustomobject]@{
                    Version = $file.Basename.Split("_")[1]
                    Script  = $parsedscript
                }
                $scriptversions += $newscript
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $counter = 0
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting diagnostic query data from server: $instance"

            if ($server.VersionMinor -eq 50) {
                $version = "2008R2"
            }
            else {
                $version = switch ($server.VersionMajor) {
                    9 { "2005" }
                    10 { "2008" }
                    11 { "2012" }
                    12 { "2014" }
                    13 { "2016" }
                    14 { "2017" }
                }
            }

            if (!$instanceOnly) {
                $databases = $server.Query("Select Name from sys.databases where name not in ('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb')")
            }

            $parsedscript = $scriptversions | Where-Object -Property Version -eq $version | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Script

            if ($null -eq $first) { $first = $true }
            if ($UseSelectionHelper -and $first) {
                $QueryName = Invoke-DiagnosticQuerySelectionHelper $parsedscript
                $first = $false
            }

            if (!$instanceonly -and !$DatabaseSpecific -and !$QueryName) {
                $scriptcount = $parsedscript.count
            }
            elseif ($instanceOnly) {
                $scriptcount = ($parsedscript | Where-Object DBSpecific -eq $false).count
            }
            elseif ($DatabaseSpecific) {
                $scriptcount = ($parsedscript | Where-Object DBSpecific).count
            }
            elseif ($QueryName.Count -ne 0) {
                $scriptcount = $QueryName.Count
            }

            foreach ($scriptpart in $parsedscript) {

                if (($QueryName.Count -ne 0) -and ($QueryName -notcontains $scriptpart.QueryName)) { continue }
                if (!$scriptpart.DBSpecific -and !$DatabaseSpecific) {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, $scriptpart.QueryName)) {
                        $counter++
                        if (-not $EnableException) {
                            Write-Progress -Id 1 -ParentId 0 -Activity "Collecting diagnostic query data from $instance" -Status "Processing $counter of $scriptcount" -CurrentOperation $scriptpart.QueryName -PercentComplete (($counter / $scriptcount) * 100)
                        }

                        try {
                            $result = $server.Query($scriptpart.Text)
                            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Processed $($scriptpart.QueryName) on $instance"

                            if (!$result) {
                                $result = [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                    InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                    Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                    Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                    DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                    DatabaseName     = $null
                                    Notes            = "Empty Result for this Query"
                                    Result           = $null
                                }
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Empty result for Query {0} - {1} - {2}" -f $scriptpart.QueryNr, $scriptpart.QueryName, $scriptpart.Description)
                            }
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ('Some error has occured on Server: {0} - Script: {1}, result unavailable' -f $instance, $scriptpart.QueryName) -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                        if ($result) {

                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                DatabaseName     = $null
                                Notes            = $null
                                Result           = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty RowError, RowState, Table, ItemArray, HasErrors
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                elseif ($scriptpart.DBSpecific -and !$instanceOnly) {
                    foreach ($currentdb in $databases) {
                        $dbname = $currentdb.name
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess(('{0} ({1})' -f $instance, $currentdb.name), $scriptpart.QueryName)) {

                            if (-not $EnableException) { Write-Progress -Id 1 -ParentId 0 -Activity "Collecting diagnostic query data from $dbname on $instance" -Status ('Processing {0} of {1}' -f $counter, $scriptcount) -CurrentOperation $scriptpart.QueryName -PercentComplete (($Counter / $scriptcount) * 100) }
                            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting diagnostic query data from $dbname for $($scriptpart.QueryName) on $instance"
                            try {
                                $result = $server.Query($scriptpart.Text, $currentdb.Name)
                                if (!$result) {
                                    $result = [pscustomobject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                        InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                        Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                        Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                        Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                        DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                        DatabaseName     = $null
                                        Notes            = "Empty Result for this Query"
                                        Result           = $null
                                    }
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Empty result for Query {0} - {1} - {2}" -f $scriptpart.QueryNr, $scriptpart.QueryName, $scriptpart.Description) -Target $scriptpart -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ('Some error has occured on Server: {0} - Script: {1} - Database: {2}, result will not be saved' -f $instance, $scriptpart.QueryName, $currentdb.Name) -Target $currentdb -ErrorRecord $_
                            }

                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                DatabaseName     = $currentdb.name
                                Notes            = $null
                                Result           = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty RowError, RowState, Table, ItemArray, HasErrors
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaLogShipping {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Invoke-DbaLogShipping sets up log shipping for one or more databases
 
.DESCRIPTION
Invoke-DbaLogShipping helps to easily set up log shipping for one or more databases.
 
This function will make a lot of decisions for you assuming you want default values like a daily interval for the schedules with a 15 minute interval on the day.
There are some settings that cannot be made by the function and they need to be prepared before the function is executed.
 
The following settings need to be made before log shipping can be initiated:
- Backup destination (the folder and the privileges)
- Copy destination (the folder and the privileges)
 
* Privileges
Make sure your agent service on both the primary and the secondary instance is an Active Directory account.
Also have the credentials ready to set the folder permissions
 
** Network share
The backup destination needs to be shared and have the share privileges of FULL CONTROL to Everyone.
 
** NTFS permissions
The backup destination must have at least read/write permissions for the primary instance agent account.
The backup destination must have at least read permissions for the secondary instance agent account.
The copy destination must have at least read/write permission for the secondary instance agent acount.
 
.PARAMETER SourceSqlInstance
Source SQL Server instance which contains the databases to be log shipped.
You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER DestinationSqlInstance
Destination SQL Server instance which contains the databases to be log shipped.
You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER SourceCredential
Allows you to login to servers using credentials for the paths like the backup path. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER DestinationCredential
Allows you to login to servers using credentials for the paths like the copy and restore path. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -DestinationCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
Database to set up log shipping for.
 
.PARAMETER BackupNetworkPath
The backup unc path to place the backup files. This is the root directory.
A directory with the name of the database will be created in this path.
 
.PARAMETER BackupLocalPath
If the backup path is locally for the source server you can also set this value.
 
.PARAMETER BackupJob
Name of the backup that will be created in the SQL Server agent.
The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the backup job name.
The default is "LSBackup_[databasename]"
 
.PARAMETER BackupRetention
The backup retention period in minutes. Default is 4320 / 72 hours
 
.PARAMETER BackupSchedule
Name of the backup schedule created for the backup job.
The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the backup job schedule name.
Default is "LSBackupSchedule_[databasename]"
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleDisabled
Parameter to set the backup schedule to disabled upon creation.
By default the schedule is enabled.
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyType
A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
Allowed values are "Daily", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer"
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval
The number of type periods to occur between each execution of the backup job.
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType
Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
Allowed values are "Time", "Seconds", "Minutes", "Hours"
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval
The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of the backup job.
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval
A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor
The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleStartDate
The date on which execution of a job can begin.
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleEndDate
The date on which execution of a job can stop.
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleStartTime
The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER BackupScheduleEndTime
The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER BackupThreshold
Is the length of time, in minutes, after the last backup before a threshold alert error is raised.
The default is 60.
 
.PARAMETER CompressBackup
Do the backups need to be compressed. By default the backupss are not compressed.
 
.PARAMETER CopyDestinationFolder
The path to copy the transaction log backup files to. This is the root directory.
A directory with the name of the database will be created in this path.
 
.PARAMETER CopyJob
Name of the copy job that will be created in the SQL Server agent.
The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the copy job name.
The default is "LSBackup_[databasename]"
 
.PARAMETER CopyRetention
The copy retention period in minutes. Default is 4320 / 72 hours
 
.PARAMETER CopySchedule
Name of the backup schedule created for the copy job.
The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the copy job schedule name.
Default is "LSCopy_[DestinationServerName]_[DatabaseName]"
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleDisabled
Parameter to set the copy schedule to disabled upon creation.
By default the schedule is enabled.
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyType
A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
Allowed values are "Daily", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer"
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval
The number of type periods to occur between each execution of the copy job.
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType
Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
Allowed values are "Time", "Seconds", "Minutes", "Hours"
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval
The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of the copy job.
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval
A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor
The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleStartDate
The date on which execution of a job can begin.
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleEndDate
The date on which execution of a job can stop.
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleStartTime
The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER CopyScheduleEndTime
The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER DisconnectUsers
If this parameter is set in combinations of standby the users will be disconnected during restore.
 
.PARAMETER FullBackupPath
Path to an existing full backup. Use this when an existing backup needs to used to initialize the database on the secondary instance.
 
.PARAMETER GenerateFullBackup
If the database is not initialized on the secondary instance it can be done by creating a new full backup and
restore it for you.
 
.PARAMETER HistoryRetention
Is the length of time in minutes in which the history is retained.
The default value is 14420
 
.PARAMETER NoRecovery
If this parameter is set the database will be in recoery mode. The database will not be readable.
This setting is default.
 
.PARAMETER NoInitialization
If this parameter is set the secondary database will not be initialized.
The database needs to be on the secondary instance in recovery mode.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryMonitorServer
Is the name of the monitor server for the primary server.
The default is the name of the primary sql server.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryMonitorCredential
Allows you to login to enter a secure credential. Only needs to be used when the PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode is 0 or "sqlserver"
To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -PrimaryMonitorCredential parameter.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode
The security mode used to connect to the monitor server for the primary server. Allowed values are 0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows"
The default is 1 or Windows.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryThresholdAlertEnabled
Enables the Threshold alert for the primary database
 
.PARAMETER RestoreDataFolder
Folder to be used to restore the database data files. Only used when parameter GenerateFullBackup or UseExistingFullBackup are set.
If the parameter is not set the default data folder of the secondary instance will be used including the name of the database.
If the folder is set but doesn't exist the default data folder of the secondary instance will be used including the name of the database.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreLogFolder
Folder to be used to restore the database log files. Only used when parameter GenerateFullBackup or UseExistingFullBackup are set.
If the parameter is not set the default transaction log folder of the secondary instance will be used.
If the folder is set but doesn't exist the default transaction log folder of the secondary instance will be used.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreDelay
In case a delay needs to be set for the restore.
The default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreAlertThreshold
The amount of minutes after which an alert will be raised is no restore has taken place.
The default is 45 minutes.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreJob
Name of the restore job that will be created in the SQL Server agent.
The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the restore job name.
The default is "LSRestore_[databasename]"
 
.PARAMETER RestoreRetention
The backup retention period in minutes. Default is 4320 / 72 hours
 
.PARAMETER RestoreSchedule
Name of the backup schedule created for the restore job.
The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the restore job schedule name.
Default is "LSRestore_[DestinationServerName]_[DatabaseName]"
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleDisabled
Parameter to set the restore schedule to disabled upon creation.
By default the schedule is enabled.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyType
A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
Allowed values are "Daily", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer"
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval
The number of type periods to occur between each execution of the restore job.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType
Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
Allowed values are "Time", "Seconds", "Minutes", "Hours"
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval
The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of the restore job.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval
A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor
The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleStartDate
The date on which execution of a job can begin.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleEndDate
The date on which execution of a job can stop.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleStartTime
The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreScheduleEndTime
The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreThreshold
The number of minutes allowed to elapse between restore operations before an alert is generated.
The default value = 0
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryDatabasePrefix
The secondary database can be renamed to include a prefix.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryDatabaseSuffix
The secondary database can be renamed to include a suffix.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryMonitorServer
Is the name of the monitor server for the secondary server.
The default is the name of the secondary sql server.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryMonitorCredential
Allows you to login to enter a secure credential. Only needs to be used when the SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode is 0 or "sqlserver"
To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SecondaryMonitorCredential parameter.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode
The security mode used to connect to the monitor server for the secondary server. Allowed values are 0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows"
The default is 1 or Windows.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryThresholdAlertEnabled
ENables the Threshold alert for the secondary database
 
.PARAMETER Standby
If this parameter is set the database will be set to standby mode making the database readable.
If not set the database will be in recovery mode.
 
.PARAMETER StandbyDirectory
Directory to place the standby file(s) in
 
.PARAMETER UseExistingFullBackup
If the database is not initialized on the secondary instance it can be done by selecting an existing full backup
and restore it for you.
 
.PARAMETER UseBackupFolder
This enables the user to specifiy a specific backup folder containing one or more backup files to initialize the database on the secondary instance.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Log shippin, disaster recovery
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaLogShipping
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaLogShipping -SourceSqlInstance sql1 -DestinationSqlInstance sql2 -Database db1 -BackupNetworkPath \\sql1\logshipping -BackupLocalPath D:\Data\logshipping -BackupScheduleFrequencyType daily -BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval 1 -CompressBackup -CopyScheduleFrequencyType daily -CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval 1 -GenerateFullBackup -RestoreScheduleFrequencyType daily -RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval 1 -SecondaryDatabaseSuffix DR -CopyDestinationFolder \\sql2\logshippingdest -Force
 
Sets up log shiping for database "db1" with the backup path to a network share allowing local backups.
It creates daily schedules for the backup, copy and restore job with all the defaults to be executed every 15 minutes daily.
The secondary databse will be called "db1_LS".
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaLogShipping -SourceSqlInstance sql1 -DestinationSqlInstance sql2 -Database db1 -BackupNetworkPath \\sql1\logshipping -GenerateFullBackup -Force
 
Sets up log shipping with all defaults except that a backup file is generated.
The script will show a message that the copy destination has not been supplied and asks if you want to use the default which would be the backup directory of the secondary server with the folder "logshipping" i.e. "D:\SQLBackup\Logshiping".
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]

    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("SourceServerInstance", "SourceSqlServerSqlServer")]
        [object]$SourceSqlInstance,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("DestinationServerInstance", "DestinationSqlServer")]
        [object]$DestinationSqlInstance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SourceCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $DestinationCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$Database,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$BackupNetworkPath,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupLocalPath,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupJob,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$BackupRetention,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupSchedule,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$BackupScheduleDisabled,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet("Daily", "Weekly", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$BackupScheduleFrequencyType,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupScheduleStartDate,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupScheduleEndDate,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupScheduleStartTime,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupScheduleEndTime,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$BackupThreshold,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$CompressBackup,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopyDestinationFolder,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopyJob,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$CopyRetention,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopySchedule,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$CopyScheduleDisabled,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet("Daily", "Weekly", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$CopyScheduleFrequencyType,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopyScheduleStartDate,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopyScheduleEndDate,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopyScheduleStartTime,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CopyScheduleEndTime,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$DisconnectUsers,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$FullBackupPath,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$GenerateFullBackup,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$HistoryRetention,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$NoRecovery,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$NoInitialization,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$PrimaryMonitorServer,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $PrimaryMonitorCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet(0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows")]
        [object]$PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$PrimaryThresholdAlertEnabled,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreDataFolder,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreLogFolder,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RestoreDelay,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RestoreAlertThreshold,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreJob,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RestoreRetention,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreSchedule,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$RestoreScheduleDisabled,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet("Daily", "Weekly", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyType,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreScheduleStartDate,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreScheduleEndDate,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreScheduleStartTime,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$RestoreScheduleEndTime,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RestoreThreshold,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$SecondaryDatabasePrefix,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$SecondaryDatabaseSuffix,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$SecondaryMonitorServer,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SecondaryMonitorCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet(0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows")]
        [object]$SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$SecondaryThresholdAlertEnabled,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$Standby,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$StandbyDirectory,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$UseExistingFullBackup,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$UseBackupFolder,

        [switch]$Force,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Message "Started log shipping for $SourceSqlInstance to $DestinationSqlInstance" -Level Output

        # Try connecting to the instance
        Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to source Sql Server $SourceSqlInstance.." -Level Output
        try {
            $SourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $SourceSqlInstance" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Try connecting to the instance
        Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to destination Sql Server $DestinationSqlInstance.." -Level Output
        try {
            $DestinationServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $DestinationSqlInstance" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the instance if it is a named instance
        $SourceServerName, $SourceInstanceName = $SourceSqlInstance.Split("\")
        $DestinationServerName, $DestinationInstanceName = $DestinationSqlInstance.Split("\")

        if ($SourceInstanceName -eq $null) {
            $SourceInstanceName = "MSSQLSERVER"
        }

        if ($DestinationInstanceName -eq $null) {
            $DestinationInstanceName = "MSSQLSERVER"
        }

        $IsSourceLocal = $false
        $IsDestinationLocal = $false

        # Check if it's local or remote
        if ($SourceServerName -in ".", "localhost", $env:ServerName, "127.0.0.1") {
            $IsSourceLocal = $true
        }
        if ($DestinationServerName -in ".", "localhost", $env:ServerName, "127.0.0.1") {
            $IsDestinationLocal = $true
        }

        # Set up regex strings for several checks
        $RegexDate = '(?<!\d)(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:(?:0[13578]|1[02])31)|(?:(?:0[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(?:29|30)))|(?:(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00)))0229)|(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(?:0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))(?!\d)'
        $RegexTime = '^(?:(?:([01]?\d|2[0-3]))?([0-5]?\d))?([0-5]?\d)$'
        $RegexUnc = '^\\(?:\\[^<>:`"/\\|?*]+)+$'

        # Check the instance names and the database settings
        if (($SourceSqlInstance -eq $DestinationSqlInstance) -and (-not $SecondaryDatabasePrefix -or $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The destination database is the same as the source`nPlease enter a prefix or suffix using -SecondaryDatabasePrefix or -SecondaryDatabaseSuffix." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the connection timeout
        if ($SourceServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout -ne 0) {
            $SourceServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Connection timeout of $SourceServer is set to 0" -Level Verbose
        }

        if ($DestinationServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout -ne 0) {
            $DestinationServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Connection timeout of $DestinationServer is set to 0" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Check the backup network path
        Write-Message -Message "Testing backup network path $BackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose
        if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $BackupNetworkPath -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceCredential) -ne $true) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup network path $BackupNetworkPath is not valid or can't be reached." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($BackupNetworkPath -notmatch $RegexUnc) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup network path $BackupNetworkPath has to be in the form of \\server\share." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy destination
        if (-not $CopyDestinationFolder) {
            # Make a default copy destination by retrieving the backup folder and adding a directory
            $CopyDestinationFolder = "$($DestinationServer.Settings.BackupDirectory)\Logshipping"

            # Check to see if the path already exists
            Write-Message -Message "Testing copy destination path $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
            if (Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) {
                Write-Message -Message "Copy destination $CopyDestinationFolder already exists" -Level Verbose
            }
            else {
                # Check if force is being used
                if (-not $Force) {
                    # Set up the confirm part
                    $message = "The copy destination is missing. Do you want to use the default $($CopyDestinationFolder)?"
                    $choiceYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Answer Yes."
                    $choiceNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Answer No."
                    $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($choiceYes, $choiceNo)
                    $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)

                    # Check the result from the confirm
                    switch ($result) {
                        # If yes
                        0 {
                            # Try to create the new directory
                            try {
                                # If the destination server is remote and the credential is set
                                if (-not $IsDestinationLocal -and $DestinationCredential) {
                                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $DestinationServerName -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                                        New-Item -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                    }
                                }
                                # If the server is local and the credential is set
                                elseif ($DestinationCredential) {
                                    Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                                        New-Item -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                    }
                                }
                                # If the server is local and the credential is not set
                                else {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                                    New-Item -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -Force:$Force -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
                                }
                                Write-Message -Message "Copy destination $CopyDestinationFolder created." -Level Verbose
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder. `n$_" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                return
                            }
                        }
                        1 {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Copy destination is a mandatory parameter. Please make sure the value is entered." -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
                            return
                        }
                    } # switch
                } # if not force
                else {
                    # Try to create the copy destination on the local server
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                        New-Item $CopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                        Write-Message -Message "Copy destination $CopyDestinationFolder created." -Level Verbose
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder. `n$_" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -InnerErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                } # else not force
            } # if test path copy destination
        } # if not copy destination

        Write-Message -Message "Testing copy destination path $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
        if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder is not valid or can't be reached." -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($CopyDestinationFolder.StartsWith("\\") -and $CopyDestinationFolder -notmatch $RegexUnc) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder has to be in the form of \\server\share." -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the backup compression
        if ($SourceServer.Version.Major -gt 9) {
            if ($CompressBackup) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to 1." -Level Verbose
                [bool]$BackupCompression = 1
            }
            else {
                $backupServerSetting = (Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -ConfigName DefaultBackupCompression).ConfiguredValue
                Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to default server setting $backupServerSetting." -Level Verbose
                [bool]$BackupCompression = $backupServerSetting
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Message "Source server $SourceServer does not support backup compression" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Check the database parameter
        if ($Database) {
            foreach ($db in $Database) {
                if ($db -notin $SourceServer.Databases.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $db cannot be found on instance $SourceSqlInstance" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                }

                $DatabaseCollection = $SourceServer.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            }
        }
        else {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please supply a database to set up log shipping for" -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
        }

        # Set the database mode
        if ($Standby) {
            $DatabaseStatus = 1
            Write-Message -Message "Destination database status set to STANDBY" -Level Verbose
        }
        else {
            $DatabaseStatus = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Destination database status set to NO RECOVERY" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Setting defaults
        if (-not $BackupRetention) {
            $BackupRetention = 4320
            Write-Message -Message "Backup retention set to $BackupRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupThreshold) {
            $BackupThreshold = 60
            Write-Message -Message "Backup Threshold set to $BackupThreshold" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyRetention) {
            $CopyRetention = 4320
            Write-Message -Message "Copy retention set to $CopyRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $HistoryRetention) {
            $HistoryRetention = 14420
            Write-Message -Message "History retention set to $HistoryRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreAlertThreshold) {
            $RestoreAlertThreshold = 45
            Write-Message -Message "Restore alert Threshold set to $RestoreAlertThreshold" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreDelay) {
            $RestoreDelay = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Restore delay set to $RestoreDelay" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreRetention) {
            $RestoreRetention = 4320
            Write-Message -Message "Restore retention set to $RestoreRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreThreshold) {
            $RestoreThreshold = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Restore Threshold set to $RestoreThreshold" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
            $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = 1
            Write-Message -Message "Primary monitor server security mode set to $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
            $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = 1
            Write-Message -Message "Secondary monitor server security mode set to $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyType) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyType = "Daily"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency type set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval = "EveryDay"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency interval set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType = "Minutes"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency subday type set to $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval = 15
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency subday interval set to $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval = "Unused"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency relative interval set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency recurrence factor set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyType) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyType = "Daily"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency type set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval = "EveryDay"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency interval set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType = "Minutes"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency subday type set to $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval = 15
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency subday interval set to $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval = "Unused"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency relative interval set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency recurrence factor set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType = "Daily"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency type set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval = "EveryDay"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency interval set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType = "Minutes"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency subday type set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval = 15
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency subday interval set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval = "Unused"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency relative interval set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency recurrence factor set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not ($SecondaryDatabasePrefix -or $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix) -and ($SourceServer.Name -eq $DestinationServer.Name) -and ($SourceServer.InstanceName -eq $DestinationServer.InstanceName)) {
            if ($Force) {
                $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix = "_LS"
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Destination database is the same as source database.`nPlease check the secondary server, database prefix or suffix or use -Force to set the secondary databse using a suffix." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Checking for contradicting variables
        if ($NoInitialization -and ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use -NoInitialization with -GenerateFullBackup or -UseExistingFullBackup" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        if ($UseBackupFolder -and ($GenerateFullBackup -or $NoInitialization -or $UseExistingFullBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use -UseBackupFolder with -GenerateFullBackup, -NoInitialization or -UseExistingFullBackup" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup subday interval $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif (($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup Subday interval $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy subday interval $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif (($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy subday interval $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours'" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Restore subday interval $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif (($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Restore subday interval $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the backup start date
        if (-not $BackupScheduleStartDate) {
            $BackupScheduleStartDate = (Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd")
            Write-Message -Message "Backup start date set to $BackupScheduleStartDate" -Level Verbose
        }
        else {
            if ($BackupScheduleStartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup start date $BackupScheduleStartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the back start time
        if (-not $BackupScheduleStartTime) {
            $BackupScheduleStartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Backup start time set to $BackupScheduleStartTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif ($BackupScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Backup start time $BackupScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the back end time
        if (-not $BackupScheduleEndTime) {
            $BackupScheduleEndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "Backup end time set to $BackupScheduleEndTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif ($BackupScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Backup end time $BackupScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the backup end date
        if (-not $BackupScheduleEndDate) {
            $BackupScheduleEndDate = '99991231'
        }
        elseif ($BackupScheduleEndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup end date $BackupScheduleEndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy start date
        if (-not $CopyScheduleStartDate) {
            $CopyScheduleStartDate = (Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd")
            Write-Message -Message "Copy start date set to $CopyScheduleStartDate" -Level Verbose
        }
        else {
            if ($CopyScheduleStartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Copy start date $CopyScheduleStartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the copy end date
        if (-not $CopyScheduleEndDate) {
            $CopyScheduleEndDate = '99991231'
        }
        elseif ($CopyScheduleEndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy end date $CopyScheduleEndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy start time
        if (-not $CopyScheduleStartTime) {
            $CopyScheduleStartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Copy start time set to $CopyScheduleStartTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif ($CopyScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Copy start time $CopyScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy end time
        if (-not $CopyScheduleEndTime) {
            $CopyScheduleEndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "Copy end time set to $CopyScheduleEndTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif ($CopyScheduleEndTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Copy end time $CopyScheduleEndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the restore start date
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleStartDate) {
            $RestoreScheduleStartDate = (Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd")
            Write-Message -Message "Restore start date set to $RestoreScheduleStartDate" -Level Verbose
        }
        else {
            if ($RestoreScheduleStartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Restore start date $RestoreScheduleStartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the restore end date
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleEndDate) {
            $RestoreScheduleEndDate = '99991231'
        }
        elseif ($RestoreScheduleEndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Restore end date $RestoreScheduleEndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the restore start time
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleStartTime) {
            $RestoreScheduleStartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Restore start time set to $RestoreScheduleStartTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif ($RestoreScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Restore start time $RestoreScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the restore end time
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleEndTime) {
            $RestoreScheduleEndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "Restore end time set to $RestoreScheduleEndTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif ($RestoreScheduleEndTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Restore end time $RestoreScheduleEndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check if standby is being used
        if ($Standby) {

            # Check the stand-by directory
            if ($StandbyDirectory) {
                # Check if the path is reachable for the destination server
                if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $StandbyDirectory -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The directory $StandbyDirectory cannot be reached by the destination instance. Please check the permission and credentials." -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }
            elseif (-not $StandbyDirectory -and $Force) {
                $StandbyDirectory = $DestinationSqlInstance.BackupDirectory
                Write-Message -Message "Stand-by directory was not set. Setting it to $StandbyDirectory" -Level Verbose
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Please set the parameter -StandbyDirectory when using -Standby" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }
    } # begin

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        # Loop through each of the databases
        foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {

            # Check the status of the database
            if ($db.RecoveryModel -ne 'Full') {
                Stop-Function -Message  "Database $db is not in FULL recovery mode" -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
            }

            # Set the intital destination database
            $SecondaryDatabase = $db.Name

            # Set the database prefix
            if ($SecondaryDatabasePrefix) {
                $SecondaryDatabase = "$SecondaryDatabasePrefix$($db.Name)"
            }

            # Set the database suffix
            if ($SecondaryDatabaseSuffix) {
                $SecondaryDatabase += $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix
            }

            # Check is the database is already initialized an check if the database exists on the secondary instance
            if ($NoInitialization -and ($DestinationServer.Databases.Name -notcontains $SecondaryDatabase)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database $SecondaryDatabase needs to be initialized before log shipping setting can continue." -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
            }

            # Check the local backup path
            if ($BackupLocalPath) {
                if ($BackupLocalPath.EndsWith("\")) {
                    $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath$($db.Name)"
                }
                else {
                    $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath\$($db.Name)"
                }
            }
            else {
                $BackupLocalPath = $BackupNetworkPath

                if ($BackupLocalPath.EndsWith("\")) {
                    $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath$($db.Name)"
                }
                else {
                    $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath\$($db.Name)"
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Backup local path set to $DatabaseBackupLocalPath." -Level Verbose

            # Setting the backup network path for the database
            if ($BackupNetworkPath.EndsWith("\")) {
                $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath = "$BackupNetworkPath$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath = "$BackupNetworkPath\$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Backup network path set to $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath." -Level Verbose


            # Checking if the database network path exists
            Write-Message -Message "Testing database backup network path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose
            if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceCredential) -ne $true) {
                # To to create the backup directory for the database
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Database backup network path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath not found. Trying to create it.." -Level Verbose

                    Invoke-Command2 -Credential $SourceCredential -ScriptBlock {
                        Write-Message -Message "Creating backup folder $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose
                        New-Item -Path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath -ItemType Directory -Credential $SourceCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the directory. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }
            }

            # Check if the backup job name is set
            if ($BackupJob) {
                $DatabaseBackupJob = "$BackupJob_$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseBackupJob = "LSBackup_$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Backup job name set to $DatabaseBackupJob" -Level Verbose

            # Check if the backup job schedule name is set
            if ($BackupSchedule) {
                $DatabaseBackupSchedule = "$BackupSchedule_$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseBackupSchedule = "LSBackupSchedule_$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Backup job schedule name set to $DatabaseBackupSchedule" -Level Verbose

            # Check if secondary database is present on secondary instance
            if (-not $Force -and -not $NoInitialization -and ($DestinationServer.Databases[$SecondaryDatabase].Status -ne 'Restoring') -and ($DestinationServer.Databases.Name -contains $SecondaryDatabase)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Secondary database already exists on instance $DestinationSqlInstance." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -Continue
            }

            # Check if the secondary database needs tobe initialized
            if (-not $NoInitialization) {
                # Check if the secondary database exists on the secondary instance
                if ($DestiationServer.Databases.Name -notcontains $SecondaryDatabase) {
                    # Check if force is being used and no option to generate the full backup is set
                    if ($Force -and -not ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup)) {
                        # Set the option to generate a full backup
                        Write-Message -Message "Set option to initialize secondary database with full backup." -Level Verbose
                        $GenerateFullBackup = $true
                    }
                    elseif (-not $Force -and -not $GenerateFullBackup -and -not $UseExistingFullBackup -and -not $UseBackupFolder) {
                        # Set up the confirm part
                        $message = "The database $SecondaryDatabase does not exist on instance $DestinationSqlInstance. `nDo you want to initialize it by generating a full backup?"
                        $choiceYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Answer Yes."
                        $choiceNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Answer No."
                        $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($choiceYes, $choiceNo)
                        $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)

                        # Check the result from the confirm
                        switch ($result) {
                            # If yes
                            0 {
                                # Set the option to generate a full backup
                                Write-Message -Message "Set option to initialize secondary database with full backup." -Level Verbose
                                $GenerateFullBackup = $true
                            }
                            1 {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The database is not initialized on the secondary instance. `nPlease initialize the database on the secondary instance, use -GenerateFullbackup or use -Force." -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
                                return
                            }
                        } # switch
                    }
                }
            }


            # Check the parameters for initialization of the secondary database
            if (-not $NoInitialization -and ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup -or $UseBackupFolder)) {
                # Check if the restore data and log folder are set
                if (-not $RestoreDataFolder -or -not $RestoreLogFolder) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Restore data folder or restore log folder are not set. Using server defaults" -Level Verbose

                    # Get the default data folder
                    if (-not $RestoreDataFolder) {
                        $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder = $DestinationServer.DefaultFile
                    }
                    else {
                        # Set the restore data folder
                        if ($RestoreDataFolder.EndsWith("\")) {
                            $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder = "$RestoreDataFolder$($db.Name)"
                        }
                        else {
                            $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder = "$RestoreDataFolder\$($db.Name)"
                        }
                    }

                    Write-Message -Message "Restore data folder set to $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder" -Level Verbose

                    # Get the default log folder
                    if (-not $RestoreLogFolder) {
                        $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder = $DestinationServer.DefaultLog
                    }

                    Write-Message -Message "Restore log folder set to $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder" -Level Verbose

                    # Check if the restore data folder exists
                    Write-Message -Message "Testing database restore data path $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder" -Level Verbose
                    if ((Test-DbaSqlPath  -Path $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationServerName, "Creating database restore data folder $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder on $DestinationServerName")) {
                            # Try creating the data folder
                            try {
                                Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Creating data folder $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder" -Level Verbose
                                    New-Item -Path $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the restore data directory. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    # Check if the restore log folder exists
                    Write-Message -Message "Testing database restore log path $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder" -Level Verbose
                    if ((Test-DbaSqlPath  -Path $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationServerName, "Creating database restore log folder $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder on $DestinationServerName")) {
                            # Try creating the log folder
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Restore log folder $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder not found. Trying to create it.." -Level Verbose

                                Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Restore log folder $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder not found. Trying to create it.." -Level Verbose
                                    New-Item -Path $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the restore log directory. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Chech if the full backup patk can be reached
                if ($FullBackupPath) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Testing full backup path $FullBackupPath" -Level Verbose
                    if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $FullBackupPath -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                        Stop-Function -Message ("The path to the full backup could not be reached. Check the path and/or the crdential. `n$($_.Exception.Message)") -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -Continue
                    }
                }
                elseif ($UseBackupFolder.Length -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Testing backup folder $UseBackupFolder" -Level Verbose
                    if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $UseBackupFolder -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                        Stop-Function -Message ("The path to the backup folder could not be reached. Check the path and/or the crdential. `n$($_.Exception.Message)") -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -Continue
                    }

                    $BackupPath = $UseBackupFolder
                }
                elseif ($UseExistingFullBackup) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No path to the full backup is set. Trying to retrieve the last full backup for $db from $SourceSqlInstance" -Level Verbose

                    # Get the last full backup
                    $LastBackup = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlServer $SourceSqlInstance -Databases $($db.Name) -LastFull -Credential $SourceSqlCredential

                    # Check if there was a last backup
                    if ($LastBackup -ne $null) {
                        # Test the path to the backup
                        Write-Message -Message "Testing last backup path $(($LastBackup[-1]).Path[-1])" -Level Verbose
                        if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path ($LastBackup[-1]).Path[-1] -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceCredential) -ne $true) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The full backup could not be found on $($LastBackup.Path). Check path and/or credentials. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -Continue
                        }
                        # Check if the source for the last full backup is remote and the backup is on a shared location
                        elseif (($LastBackup.Computername -ne $SourceServerName) -and (($LastBackup[-1]).Path[-1].StartsWith('\\') -eq $false)) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The last full backup is not located on shared location. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -Continue
                        }
                        else {
                            #$FullBackupPath = $LastBackup.Path
                            $BackupPath = $LastBackup.Path
                            Write-Message -Message "Full backup found for $db. Path $BackupPath" -Level Verbose
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "No Full backup found for $db." -Level Output
                    }
                }
            }

            # Set the copy destination folder to include the database name
            if ($CopyDestinationFolder.EndsWith("\")) {
                $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder = "$CopyDestinationFolder$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder = "$CopyDestinationFolder\$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Copy destination folder set to $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder." -Level Verbose

            # Check if the copy job name is set
            if ($CopyJob) {
                $DatabaseCopyJob = "$CopyJob_$SourceServerName_$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCopyJob = "LSCopy_$SourceServerName_$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Copy job name set to $DatabaseCopyJob" -Level Verbose

            # Check if the copy job schedule name is set
            if ($CopySchedule) {
                $DatabaseCopySchedule = "$CopySchedule_$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCopySchedule = "LSCopySchedule_$($db.Name)"
                Write-Message -Message "Copy job schedule name set to $DatabaseCopySchedule" -Level Verbose
            }

            # Check if the copy destination folder exists
            Write-Message -Message "Testing database copy destination path $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
            if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationServerName, "Creating copy destination folder on $DestinationServerName")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                            Write-Message -Message "Copy destination folder $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder not found. Trying to create it.. ." -Level Verbose
                            New-Item -Path $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the database copy destination folder. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationServerName -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            # Check if the restore job name is set
            if ($RestoreJob) {
                $DatabaseRestoreJob = "$RestoreJob_$SourceServerName_$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseRestoreJob = "LSRestore_$DestinationServerName_$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Restore job name set to $DatabaseRestoreJob" -Level Verbose

            # Check if the restore job schedule name is set
            if ($RestoreSchedule) {
                $DatabaseRestoreSchedule = "$RestoreSchedule_$($db.Name)"
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseRestoreSchedule = "LSRestoreSchedule_$($db.Name)"
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Restore job schedule name set to $DatabaseRestoreSchedule" -Level Verbose

            # If the database needs to be backed up first
            if ($GenerateFullBackup) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SourceSqlInstance, "Backing up database $db")) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Generating full backup." -Level Output
                    Write-Message -Message "Backing up database $db to $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath" -Level Output

                    $Timestamp = Get-Date -format "yyyyMMddHHmmss"

                    $LastBackup = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                        -BackupDirectory $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath `
                        -BackupFileName "FullBackup_$($db.Name)_PreLogShipping_$Timestamp.bak" `
                        -Databases $($db.Name) `
                        -Type Full

                    Write-Message -Message "Backup completed." -Level Output

                    # Get the last full backup path
                    #$FullBackupPath = $LastBackup.BackupPath
                    $BackupPath = $LastBackup.BackupPath

                    Write-Message -Message "Backup is located at $BackupPath" -Level Verbose
                }
            }

            # Check of the MonitorServerSecurityMode value is of type string and set the integer value
            if ($PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -notin 0, 1) {
                $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = switch ($PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
                    "SQLSERVER" { 0 } "WINDOWS" { 1 } default { 1 }
                }
            }

            # Check the primary monitor server
            if ($Force -and (-not$PrimaryMonitorServer -or [string]$PrimaryMonitorServer -eq '' -or $PrimaryMonitorServer -eq $null)) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting monitor server for primary server to $SourceSqlInstance." -Level Output
                $PrimaryMonitorServer = $SourceSqlInstance
            }

            # Check the PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
            if ($PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0) {
                if ($PrimaryMonitorServerLogin) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The PrimaryMonitorServerLogin cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }

                if ($PrimaryMonitorServerPassword) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The PrimaryMonitorServerPassword cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ -Continue
                }
            }

            # Check of the SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode value is of type string and set the integer value
            if ($SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -notin 0, 1) {
                $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = switch ($SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
                    "SQLSERVER" { 0 } "WINDOWS" { 1 } default { 1 }
                }
            }

            # Check the secondary monitor server
            if ($Force -and (-not $SecondaryMonitorServer -or [string]$SecondaryMonitorServer -eq '' -or $SecondaryMonitorServer -eq $null)) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting secondary monitor server for $DestinationSqlInstance to $SourceSqlInstance." -Level Verbose
                $SecondaryMonitorServer = $SourceSqlInstance
            }

            # Check the MonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
            if ($SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0) {
                if ($SecondaryMonitorServerLogin) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The SecondaryMonitorServerLogin cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }

                if ($SecondaryMonitorServerPassword) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The SecondaryMonitorServerPassword cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }
            }

            # Now that all the checks have been done we can start with the fun stuff !

            # Restore the full backup
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationSqlInstance, "Restoring database $db to $SecondaryDatabase on $DestinationSqlInstance")) {
                if ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup -or $UseBackupFolder) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Start database restore" -Level Output
                        if ($NoRecovery -or (-not $Standby)) {
                            if ($Force) {
                                Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlServer $DestinationSqlInstance `
                                    -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                    -Path $BackupPath `
                                    -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                    -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                    -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                    -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                    -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                    -DirectoryRecurse `
                                    -NoRecovery `
                                    -WithReplace | Out-Null
                            }
                            else {
                                Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlServer $DestinationSqlInstance `
                                    -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                    -Path $BackupPath `
                                    -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                    -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                    -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                    -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                    -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                    -DirectoryRecurse `
                                    -NoRecovery | Out-Null
                            }
                        }

                        # If the database needs to be in standby
                        if ($Standby) {
                            # Setup the path to the standby file
                            $StandbyDirectory = "$DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder"

                            # Check if credentials need to be used
                            if ($DestinationSqlCredential) {
                                Restore-DbaDatabase -ServerInstance $DestinationSqlInstance `
                                    -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                    -Path $BackupPath `
                                    -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                    -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                    -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                    -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                    -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                    -DirectoryRecurse `
                                    -StandbyDirectory $StandbyDirectory
                            }
                            else {
                                Restore-DbaDatabase -ServerInstance $DestinationSqlInstance `
                                    -Path $BackupPath `
                                    -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                    -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                    -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                    -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                    -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                    -DirectoryRecurse `
                                    -StandbyDirectory $StandbyDirectory
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong restoring the secondary database.`n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                    }

                    Write-Message -Message "Restore completed." -Level Output
                }
            }

            #region Set up log shipping on the primary instance
            # Set up log shipping on the primary instance
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SourceSqlInstance, "Configuring logshipping for primary database $db on $SourceSqlInstance")) {
                try {

                    Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping for primary database" -Level Output

                    New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                        -Database $($db.Name) `
                        -BackupDirectory $DatabaseBackupLocalPath `
                        -BackupJob $DatabaseBackupJob `
                        -BackupRetention $BackupRetention `
                        -BackupShare $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath `
                        -BackupThreshold $BackupThreshold `
                        -CompressBackup:$BackupCompression `
                        -HistoryRetention $HistoryRetention `
                        -MonitorServer $PrimaryMonitorServer `
                        -MonitorServerSecurityMode $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode `
                        -MonitorCredential $PrimaryMonitorCredential `
                        -ThresholdAlertEnabled:$PrimaryThresholdAlertEnabled `
                        -Force:$Force

                    # Check if the backup job needs to be enabled or disabled
                    if ($BackupScheduleDisabled) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseBackupJob -Disabled
                        Write-Message -Message "Disabling backup job $DatabaseBackupJob" -Level Output
                    }
                    else {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseBackupJob -Enabled
                        Write-Message -Message "Enabling backup job $DatabaseBackupJob" -Level Output
                    }

                    Write-Message -Message "Create backup job schedule $DatabaseBackupSchedule" -Level Output

                    $BackupJobSchedule = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                        -Job $DatabaseBackupJob `
                        -Schedule $DatabaseBackupSchedule `
                        -FrequencyType $BackupScheduleFrequencyType `
                        -FrequencyInterval $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval `
                        -FrequencySubdayType $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType `
                        -FrequencySubdayInterval $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval `
                        -FrequencyRelativeInterval $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval `
                        -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor `
                        -StartDate $BackupScheduleStartDate `
                        -EndDate $BackupScheduleEndDate `
                        -StartTime $BackupScheduleStartTime `
                        -EndTime $BackupScheduleEndTime `
                        -Force:$Force

                    Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping from primary to secondary database." -Level Output

                    New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                        -PrimaryDatabase $($db.Name) `
                        -SecondaryDatabase $SecondaryDatabase `
                        -SecondaryServer $DestinationSqlInstance `
                        -SecondarySqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong setting up log shipping for primary instance.`n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }
            }
            #endregion Set up log shipping on the primary instance

            #region Set up log shipping on the secondary instance
            # Set up log shipping on the secondary instance
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationSqlInstance, "Configuring logshipping for secondary database $SecondaryDatabase on $DestinationSqlInstance")) {
                try {

                    Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping from secondary database $SecondaryDatabase to primary database $db." -Level Output

                    New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryPrimary -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                        -BackupSourceDirectory $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath `
                        -BackupDestinationDirectory $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder `
                        -CopyJob $DatabaseCopyJob `
                        -FileRetentionPeriod $BackupRetention `
                        -MonitorServer $SecondaryMonitorServer `
                        -MonitorServerSecurityMode $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode `
                        -MonitorCredential $SecondaryMonitorCredential `
                        -PrimaryServer $SourceSqlInstance `
                        -PrimaryDatabase $($db.Name) `
                        -RestoreJob $DatabaseRestoreJob `
                        -Force:$Force

                    Write-Message -Message "Create copy job schedule $DatabaseCopySchedule" -Level Output

                    $CopyJobSchedule = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                        -Job $DatabaseCopyJob `
                        -Schedule $DatabaseCopySchedule `
                        -FrequencyType $CopyScheduleFrequencyType `
                        -FrequencyInterval $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval `
                        -FrequencySubdayType $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType `
                        -FrequencySubdayInterval $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval `
                        -FrequencyRelativeInterval $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval `
                        -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor `
                        -StartDate $CopyScheduleStartDate `
                        -EndDate $CopyScheduleEndDate `
                        -StartTime $CopyScheduleStartTime `
                        -EndTime $CopyScheduleEndTime `
                        -Force:$Force

                    Write-Message -Message "Create restore job schedule $DatabaseRestoreSchedule" -Level Output

                    $RestoreJobSchedule = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                        -Job $DatabaseRestoreJob `
                        -Schedule $DatabaseRestoreSchedule `
                        -FrequencyType $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType `
                        -FrequencyInterval $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval `
                        -FrequencySubdayType $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType `
                        -FrequencySubdayInterval $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval `
                        -FrequencyRelativeInterval $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval `
                        -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor `
                        -StartDate $RestoreScheduleStartDate `
                        -EndDate $RestoreScheduleEndDate `
                        -StartTime $RestoreScheduleStartTime `
                        -EndTime $RestoreScheduleEndTime `
                        -Force:$Force

                    Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping for secondary database." -Level Output

                    New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryDatabase -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance `
                        -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                        -SecondaryDatabase $SecondaryDatabase `
                        -PrimaryServer $SourceSqlInstance `
                        -PrimaryDatabase $($db.Name) `
                        -RestoreDelay $RestoreDelay `
                        -RestoreMode $DatabaseStatus `
                        -DisconnectUsers:$DisconnectUsers `
                        -RestoreThreshold $RestoreThreshold `
                        -ThresholdAlertEnabled:$SecondaryThresholdAlertEnabled `
                        -HistoryRetention $HistoryRetention

                    # Check if the copy job needs to be enabled or disabled
                    if ($CopyScheduleDisabled) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseCopyJob -Disabled
                    }
                    else {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseCopyJob -Enabled
                    }

                    # Check if the restore job needs to be enabled or disabled
                    if ($RestoreScheduleDisabled) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseRestoreJob -Disabled
                    }
                    else {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $DestinationSqlInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseRestoreJob -Enabled
                    }

                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong setting up log shipping for secondary instance.`n$($_.Exception.Message)" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationSqlInstance -Continue
                }
            }
            #endregion Set up log shipping on the secondary instance

            Write-Message -Message "Completed configuring log shipping for database $db" -Level Output

        } # for each database
    } # end process

    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished setting up log shipping." -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery recovers log shipped databases to a normal state to act upon a migration or disaster.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        By default all the databases for a particular instance are recovered.
        If the database is in the right state, either standby or recovering, the process will try to recover the database.
 
        At first the function will check if the backup source directory can still be reached.
        If so it will look up the last transaction log backup for the database. If that backup file is not the last copied file the log shipping copy job will be started.
        If the directory cannot be reached for the function will continue to the restoring process.
        After the copy job check is performed the job is disabled to prevent the job to run.
 
        For the restore the log shipping status is checked in the msdb database.
        If the last restored file is not the same as the last file name found, the log shipping restore job will be executed.
        After the restore job check is performed the job is disabled to prevent the job to run
 
        The last part is to set the database online by restoring the databases with recovery
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        Database to perform the restore for. This value can also be piped enabling multiple databases to be recovered.
        If this value is not supplied all databases will be recovered.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
        To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        Allows you to choose to not restore the database to a functional state (Normal) in the final steps of the process.
        By default the database is restored to a functional state (Normal).
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
        Use this parameter to force the function to continue and perform any adjusting actions to successfully execute
 
    .PARAMETER Delay
        Set the delay in seconds to wait for the copy and/or restore jobs.
        By default the delay is 5 seconds
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery -SqlServer server1
 
        Recovers all the databases on the instance that are enabled for log shipping
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery -SqlServer server1 -SqlCredential $cred -Verbose
 
        Recovers all the databases on the instance that are enabled for log shipping using a credential
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery -SqlServer server1 -database db_logship -Verbose
 
        Recovers the database "db_logship" to a normal status
 
    .EXAMPLE
        db1, db2, db3, db4 | Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery -SqlServer server1 -Verbose
 
        Recovers the database db1, db2, db3, db4 to a normal status
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery -SqlServer server1 -WhatIf
 
        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
        Tags: Log Shipping, Recovery
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force,
        [int]$Delay = 5
    )

    begin {
        if (!$sqlinstance -and $database.Count -lt 1) {
            # You can prolly do this with
            Stop-Function -Message "You must pipe an SMO database object or specify SqlInstance"
            return
        }

        if ($sqlinstance) {
            # Check the instance if it is a named instance
            $servername, $instancename = $sqlinstance.Split("\")

            if ($null -eq $instancename) {
                $instancename = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to Sql Server" -Level Output
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
            }

            if ($Force -and (!$database -or $database.Count -lt 1)) {
                $database = $server.databases
            }
            elseif (-not $Force -and (!$database -or $database.Count -lt 1)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Please enter one or more databases to recover from log shipping" -Target $instance
            }
            else {
                $databases = $server.databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        # Try to get the agent service details
        try {
            # Start the service
            $agentservice = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $servername | Where-Object {($_.ComputerName -eq $servername) -and ($_.DisplayName -eq "SQL Server Agent ($instancename)")}
        }
        catch {
            # Stop the function when the service was unable to start
            Stop-Function -Message "Unable to start SQL Server Agent Service" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check if the service is running
        if ($agentservice.State -ne 'Running') {

            if ($Force) {
                try {
                    Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $servername -InstanceName $instancename -Type Agent -Credential $SqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    # Stop the function when the service was unable to start
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to start SQL Server Agent Service" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                    return
                }
            }
            # If the force switch and the silent switch are not set
            elseif (!$Force -and !$EnableException) {
                # Set up the parts for the user choice
                $Title = "SQL Server Agent is not running"
                $Info = "Do you want to start the SQL Server Agent service?"

                $Options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]] @("&Start", "&Quit")
                [int]$Defaultchoice = 0
                $choice = $host.UI.PromptForChoice($Title, $Info, $Options, $Defaultchoice)

                # Check the given option
                if ($choice -eq 0) {
                    try {
                        # Start the service
                        Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $servername -InstanceName $instancename -Type Agent -Credential $SqlCredential
                    }
                    catch {
                        # Stop the function when the service was unable to start
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to start SQL Server Agent Service" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                        return
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Server Agent service needs to be started to be able to recover the databases" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                    return
                }
            }
            # If the force switch it not set and the silent switch is set
            elseif (!$Force -and $EnableException) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Server Agent service needs to be started to be able to recover the databases" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                return
            }
            # If nothing else matches and the agent service is not started
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Server Agent service needs to be started to be able to recover the databases" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                return
            }

        }

        Write-Message -Message "Started Log Shipping Recovery" -Level Output

        # Loop through all the databases
        foreach ($db in $databases) {
            # Query for retrieving the log shipping information
            $query = "SELECT lss.primary_server, lss.primary_database, lsd.secondary_database, lss.backup_source_directory,
            lss.backup_destination_directory, lss.last_copied_file, lss.last_copied_date,
            lsd.last_restored_file, sj1.name AS 'copyjob', sj2.name AS 'restorejob'
        FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary AS lss
            INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary_databases AS lsd ON lsd.secondary_id = lss.secondary_id
            INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs AS sj1 ON sj1.job_id = lss.copy_job_id
            INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs AS sj2 ON sj2.job_id = lss.restore_job_id
        WHERE lsd.secondary_database = '$($db.Name)'"

            # Retrieve the log shipping information from the secondary instance
            try {
                Write-Message -Message "Retrieving log shipping information from the secondary instance" -Level Verbose
                $logshipping_details = $server.Query($query)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error retrieving the log shipping details: $($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                return
            }

            # Check if there are any databases to recover
            if ($null -eq $logshipping_details) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not configured as a secondary database for log shipping." -Continue
            }
            else {
                # Loop through each of the log shipped databases
                foreach ($ls in $logshipping_details) {
                    $secondarydb = $ls.secondary_database

                    # Check if the database is in the right state
                    if ($server.Databases[$secondarydb].Status -notin ('Normal, Standby', 'Standby', 'Restoring')) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "The database $db doesn't have the right status to be recovered" -Continue
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Started Recovery for $secondarydb" -Level Verbose

                        # Get the last file from the backup source directory
                        <# !!!! set credentials !!! #>
                        $latestBackupSource = Get-ChildItem -Path $ls.backup_source_directory -filter ("*" + $ls.primary_database + "*") | Where-Object { ($_.Extension -eq '.trn') } | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                        # Get al the backup files from the destination directory
                        <# !!!! set credentials !!! #>
                        $latestBackupDest = Get-ChildItem -Path $ls.backup_destination_directory -filter ("*" + $ls.primary_database + "*") | Where-Object { ($_.Extension -eq '.trn') } | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                        # Check if source and destination directory are in sync
                        if ($latestBackupSource.Name -ne $latestBackupDest.Name) {
                            # Check if the backup source directory can be reached
                            if (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -Path $ls.backup_source_directory -SqlCredential $SqlCredential) {

                                # Check if the latest file is also the latest copied file
                                if ($latestBackupSource.Name -ne ([string]$ls.last_copied_file).Split('\')[-1]) {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Backup destination is not up-to-date" -Level Verbose

                                    # Start the job to get the latest files
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($sqlinstance, ("Starting copy job $($ls.copyjob)"))) {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Starting copy job $($ls.copyjob)" -Level Verbose
                                        try {
                                            $server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.copyjob].Start()
                                        }
                                        catch {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong starting the restore job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                                        }

                                        Write-Message -Message "Copying files to $($ls.backup_destination_directory)" -Level Verbose

                                        # Check if the file has been copied
                                        $query = "SELECT last_copied_file FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary WHERE primary_database = '$($ls.primary_database)' AND last_copied_file IS NOT NULL "
                                        $latestcopy = $server.Query($query)

                                        Write-Message -Message "Waiting for the copy action to complete.." -Level Verbose

                                        while (($latestBackupSource.Name -ne ([string]$latestcopy.last_copied_file).Split('\')[-1])) {
                                            # Sleep for while to let the files be copied
                                            Start-Sleep -Seconds $Delay

                                            # Again get the latest file to check if the process can continue
                                            $latestcopy = $server.Query($query)
                                        }

                                        # Again get the latest file to check if the process can continue
                                        $latestcopy = $server.Query($query)

                                        # Check the lat outcome of the job
                                        if ($server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.copyjob].LastRunOutcome -eq 'Failed') {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "The copy job for database $db failed. Please check the error log." -Continue
                                        }

                                        Write-Message -Message "Copying of backup files finished" -Level Verbose
                                    } # if should process
                                } # if latest file name
                            } # if backup directory test
                            else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't reach the backup source directory. Continuing..." -Continue
                            }
                        } # check latest backup file is already in directory


                        # Disable the log shipping copy job on the secondary instance
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($sqlinstance, "Disabling copy job $($ls.copyjob)")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Disabling copy job $($ls.copyjob)" -Level Verbose
                                $server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.copyjob].IsEnabled = $false
                                $server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.copyjob].Alter()
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong disabling the copy job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                            }
                        }

                        # Check if the file has been copied
                        $query = "SELECT last_restored_file FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary_databases WHERE secondary_database = '$secondarydb' AND last_restored_file IS NOT NULL"
                        $latestrestore = $server.Query($query)

                        # Check if the last copied file is newer than the last restored file
                        if ((([string]$latestcopy.last_copied_file).Split('\')[-1] -ne ([string]$latestrestore.last_restored_file).Split('\')[-1]) -or ($null -eq ([string]$latestcopy.last_copied_file).Split('\')[-1])) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Restore is not up-to-date" -Level Verbose

                            # Start the restore job
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($sqlinstance, ("Starting restore job " + $ls.restorejob))) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Starting restore job $($ls.restorejob)" -Level Verbose
                                try {
                                    $server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.restorejob].Start()
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong starting the restore job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                                }

                                Write-Message -Message "Waiting for the restore action to complete.." -Level Verbose

                                while ($latestBackupSource.Name -ne [string]($latestrestore.last_restored_file).Split('\')[-1]) {
                                    # Sleep for while to let the files be copied
                                    Start-Sleep -Seconds $Delay

                                    # Again get the latest file to check if the process can continue
                                    $latestrestore = $server.Query($query)
                                }

                                # Again get the latest file to check if the process can continue
                                $latestrestore = $server.Query($query)

                                # Check the lat outcome of the job
                                if ($server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.restorejob].LastRunOutcome -eq 'Failed') {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "The restore job for database $db failed. Please check the error log." -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        # Disable the log shipping restore job on the secondary instance
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($sqlinstance, "Disabling restore job $($ls.restorejob)")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message ("Disabling restore job " + $ls.restorejob) -Level Verbose
                                $server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.restorejob].IsEnabled = $false
                                $server.JobServer.Jobs[$ls.restorejob].Alter()
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong disabling the restore job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sqlinstance
                            }

                        }

                        # Check for the last time if everything is up-to-date
                        if ($latestBackupSource.Name -eq [string]($latestrestore.last_restored_file).Split('\')[-1]) {
                            # Check if the database needs to recovered to its normal state
                            if ($NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($secondarydb, "Restoring database with recovery")) {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Restoring the database to it's normal state" -Level Verbose
                                    $query = "RESTORE DATABASE [$secondarydb] WITH RECOVERY"
                                    $server.Query($query)
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Message "Skipping restore with recovery" -Level Output
                            }
                        }

                        Write-Message -Message ("Finished Recovery for $secondarydb") -Level Output

                        # Reset the log ship details
                        $logshipping_details = $null

                    } # database in restorable mode
                } # foreach ls details
            } # ls details are not null
        } # foreach database
    } # process
}
function Invoke-DbaPfRelog {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Pipeline-compatible wrapper for the relog command which is available on modern Windows platforms.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Pipeline-compatible wrapper for the relog command. Relog is useful for converting Windows Perfmon.
 
            Extracts performance counters from performance counter logs into other formats,
            such as text-TSV (for tab-delimited text), text-CSV (for comma-delimited text), binary-BIN, or SQL.
 
            relog "C:\PerfLogs\Admin\System Correlation\WORKSTATIONX_20180112-000001\DataCollector01.blg" -o C:\temp\foo.csv -f tsv
 
            If you find any input hangs, please send us the output so we can accommodate for it then use -Raw for an immediate solution.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the pathname of an existing performance counter log or performance counter path. You can specify multiple input files.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Specifies the pathname of the output file or SQL database where the counters will be written. Defaults to the same directory as the source.
 
        .PARAMETER Type
            The output format. Defaults to tsv. Options include tsv, csv, bin, and sql.
 
            For a SQL database, the output file specifies the DSN!counter_log. You can specify the database location by using the ODBC manager to configure the DSN (Database System Name).
 
            For more information, read here: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490958.aspx
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            If this switch is enabled, output will be appended to the specified file instead of overwriting. This option does not apply to SQL format where the default is always to append.
 
        .PARAMETER AllowClobber
            If this switch is enabled, the destination file will be overwritten if it exists.
 
        .PARAMETER PerformanceCounter
            Specifies the performance counter path to log.
 
        .PARAMETER PerformanceCounterPath
            Specifies the pathname of the text file that lists the performance counters to be included in a relog file. Use this option to list counter paths in an input file, one per line. Default setting is all counters in the original log file are relogged.
 
        .PARAMETER Interval
            Specifies sample intervals in "n" records. Includes every nth data point in the relog file. Default is every data point.
 
        .PARAMETER BeginTime
            This is is Get-Date object and we format it for you.
 
        .PARAMETER EndTime
            Specifies end time for copying last record from the input file. This is is Get-Date object and we format it for you.
 
        .PARAMETER ConfigPath
            Specifies the pathname of the settings file that contains command-line parameters.
 
        .PARAMETER Summary
            If this switch is enabled, the performance counters and time ranges of log files specified in the input file will be displayed.
 
        .PARAMETER Multithread
            If this switch is enabled, processing will be done in parallel. This may speed up large batches or large files.
 
        .PARAMETER AllTime
            If this switch is enabled and a datacollector or datacollectorset is passed in via the pipeline, collects all logs, not just the latest.
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            If this switch is enabled, the results of the DOS command instead of Get-ChildItem will be displayed. This does not run in parallel.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the output of Get-DbaPfDataCollector and Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet as input via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaPfRelog
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path C:\temp\perfmon.blg
 
            Creates C:\temp\perfmon.tsv from C:\temp\perfmon.blg.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path C:\temp\perfmon.blg -Destination C:\temp\a\b\c
 
            Creates the temp, a, and b directories if needed, then generates c.tsv (tab separated) from C:\temp\perfmon.blg.
 
            Returns the newly created file as a file object.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2016 | Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Destination C:\temp\perf
 
            Creates C:\temp\perf if needed, then generates computername-datacollectorname.tsv (tab separated) from the latest logs of all data collector sets on sql2016. This destination format was chosen to avoid naming conflicts with piped input.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path C:\temp\perfmon.blg -Destination C:\temp\a\b\c -Raw
 
            Creates the temp, a, and b directories if needed, then generates c.tsv (tab separated) from C:\temp\perfmon.blg then outputs the raw results of the relog command.
 
            [Invoke-DbaPfRelog][21:21:35] relog "C:\temp\perfmon.blg" -f csv -o C:\temp\a\b\c
 
            Input
            ----------------
            File(s):
                C:\temp\perfmon.blg (Binary)
 
            Begin: 1/13/2018 5:13:23
            End: 1/13/2018 14:29:55
            Samples: 2227
 
            100.00%
 
            Output
            ----------------
            File: C:\temp\a\b\c.csv
 
            Begin: 1/13/2018 5:13:23
            End: 1/13/2018 14:29:55
            Samples: 2227
 
            The command completed successfully.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path 'C:\temp\perflog with spaces.blg' -Destination C:\temp\a\b\c -Type csv -BeginTime ((Get-Date).AddDays(-30)) -EndTime ((Get-Date).AddDays(-1))
 
            Creates the temp, a, and b directories if needed, then generates c.csv (comma separated) from C:\temp\perflog with spaces.blg', starts 30 days ago and ends one day ago.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet | Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Multithread -AllowClobber
 
            Relogs latest data files from all collectors within the servers listed in $servers.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollector -Collector DataCollector01 | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -AllowClobber -AllTime
 
            Relogs all the log files from the DataCollector01 on the local computer and allows overwrite.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string]$Destination,
        [ValidateSet("tsv", "csv", "bin", "sql")]
        [string]$Type = "tsv",
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$AllowClobber,
        [string[]]$PerformanceCounter,
        [string]$PerformanceCounterPath,
        [int]$Interval,
        [datetime]$BeginTime,
        [datetime]$EndTime,
        [string]$ConfigPath,
        [switch]$Summary,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Multithread,
        [switch]$AllTime,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName BeginTime) {
            $script:beginstring = ($BeginTime -f 'M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss' | Out-String).Trim()
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName EndTime) {
            $script:endstring = ($EndTime -f 'M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss' | Out-String).Trim()
        }

        $allpaths = @()
        $allpaths += $Path

        # to support multithreading
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Destination) {
            $script:destinationset = $true
            $originaldestination = $Destination
        }
        else {
            $script:destinationset = $false
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($Append -and $Type -ne "bin") {
            Stop-Function -Message "Append can only be used with -Type bin." -Target $Path
            return
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
                # DataCollectorSet
                if ($object.OutputLocation -and $object.RemoteOutputLocation) {
                    $instance = [dbainstance]$object.ComputerName

                    if (-not $AllTime) {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.LatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                        else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.OutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                        else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.RemoteOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    }


                    $script:perfmonobject = $true
                }
                # DataCollector
                if ($object.LatestOutputLocation -and $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation) {
                    $instance = [dbainstance]$object.ComputerName

                    if (-not $AllTime) {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.LatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                        else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path (Split-Path $object.LatestOutputLocation) -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                        else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path (Split-Path $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation) -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    }
                    $script:perfmonobject = $true
                }
            }
        }
    }

    # Gotta collect all the paths first then process them otherwise there may be duplicates
    end {
        $allpaths = $allpaths | Where-Object { $_ -match '.blg' } | Select-Object -Unique
        
        if (-not $allpaths) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not find matching .blg files" -Target $file -Continue
            return
        }
        
        $scriptblock = {
            if ($args) {
                $file = $args
            }
            else {
                $file = $psitem
            }
            $item = Get-ChildItem -Path $file -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            if ($null -eq $item) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$file does not exist." -Target $file -Continue
                return
            }

            if (-not $script:destinationset -and $file -match "C\:\\.*Admin.*") {
                $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME -Continue
            }

            if ($script:destinationset -eq $false -and -not $Append) {
                $Destination = Join-Path (Split-Path $file) $item.BaseName
            }

            if ($Destination -and $Destination -notmatch "\." -and -not $Append -and $script:perfmonobject) {
                # if destination is set, then it needs a different name
                if ($script:destinationset -eq $true) {
                    if ($file -match "\:") {
                        $computer = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    }
                    else {
                        $computer = $file.Split("\")[2]
                    }
                    # Avoid naming conflicts
                    $timestamp = Get-Date -format yyyyMMddHHmmfff
                    $Destination = Join-Path $originaldestination "$computer - $($item.BaseName) - $timestamp"
                }
            }

            $params = @("`"$file`"")

            if ($Append) {
                $params += "-a"
            }

            if ($PerformanceCounter) {
                $parsedcounters = $PerformanceCounter -join " "
                $params += "-c `"$parsedcounters`""
            }

            if ($PerformanceCounterPath) {
                $params += "-cf `"$PerformanceCounterPath`""
            }

            $params += "-f $Type"

            if ($Interval) {
                $params += "-t $Interval"
            }

            if ($Destination) {
                $params += "-o `"$Destination`""
            }

            if ($script:beginstring) {
                $params += "-b $script:beginstring"
            }

            if ($script:endstring) {
                $params += "-e $script:endstring"
            }

            if ($ConfigPath) {
                $params += "-config $ConfigPath"
            }

            if ($Summary) {
                $params += "-q"
            }


            if (-not ($Destination.StartsWith("DSN"))) {
                $outputisfile = $true
            }
            else {
                $outputisfile = $false
            }

            if ($outputisfile) {
                if ($Destination) {
                    $dir = Split-Path $Destination
                    if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dir)) {
                        try {
                            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $dir -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ((Test-Path $Destination) -and -not $Append -and ((Get-Item $Destination) -isnot [System.IO.DirectoryInfo])) {
                        if ($AllowClobber) {
                            try {
                                Remove-Item -Path "$Destination" -ErrorAction Stop
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Type -eq "bin") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite or -Append to append." -Continue
                            }
                            else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite." -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ((Test-Path "$Destination.$type") -and -not $Append) {
                        if ($AllowClobber) {
                            try {
                                Remove-Item -Path "$Destination.$type" -ErrorAction Stop
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Type -eq "bin") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$("$Destination.$type") exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite or -Append to append." -Continue
                            }
                            else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$("$Destination.$type") exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite." -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $arguments = ($params -join " ")

            try {
                if ($Raw) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "relog $arguments"
                    cmd /c "relog $arguments"
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "relog $arguments"
                    $scriptblock = {
                        $output = (cmd /c "relog $arguments" | Out-String).Trim()

                        if ($output -notmatch "Success") {
                            Stop-Function -Continue -Message $output.Trim("Input")
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$output"
                            $array = $output -Split [environment]::NewLine
                            $files = $array | Select-String "File:"

                            foreach ($rawfile in $files) {
                                $rawfile = $rawfile.ToString().Replace("File:", "").Trim()
                                $gcierror = $null
                                Get-ChildItem $rawfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable gcierror | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RelogFile -Value $true -PassThru -ErrorAction Ignore
                                if ($gcierror) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$gcierror"
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $path
            }
        }

        if ($Multithread) {
            $allpaths | Invoke-Parallel -ImportVariables -ImportModules -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable parallelerror
            if ($parallelerror) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$parallelerror"
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($file in $allpaths) { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $file }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaSqlQuery {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            A command to run explicit T-SQL commands or files.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function is a wrapper command around Invoke-SqlCmd2.
            It was designed to be more convenient to use in a pipeline and to behave in a way consistent with the rest of our functions.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
        The database to select before running the query. This list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Query
            Specifies one or more queries to be run. The queries can be Transact-SQL, XQuery statements, or sqlcmd commands. Multiple queries in a single batch may be separated by a semicolon.
 
            Do not specify the sqlcmd GO separator. Escape any double quotation marks included in the string.
 
            Consider using bracketed identifiers such as [MyTable] instead of quoted identifiers such as "MyTable".
 
        .PARAMETER File
            Specifies the path to one or several files to be used as the query input to Invoke-Sqlcmd2. The file can contain Transact-SQL statements, XQuery statements, sqlcmd commands and scripting variables.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlObject
            Specify on or multiple SQL objects. Those will be converted to script and their scripts run on the target system(s).
 
        .PARAMETER As
            Specifies output type. Valid options for this parameter are 'DataSet', 'DataTable', 'DataRow', 'PSObject', and 'SingleValue'
 
            PSObject output introduces overhead but adds flexibility for working with results: http://powershell.org/wp/forums/topic/dealing-with-dbnull/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlParameters
            Specifies a hashtable of parameters for parameterized SQL queries. http://blog.codinghorror.com/give-me-parameterized-sql-or-give-me-death/
 
        .PARAMETER AppendServerInstance
            If this switch is enabled, the SQL Server instance will be appended to PSObject and DataRow output.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database, Query
            Author: Fred Winmann (@FredWeinmann)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaSqlQuery
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaSqlQuery -SqlInstance server\instance -Query 'SELECT foo FROM bar'
 
            Runs the sql query 'SELECT foo FROM bar' against the instance 'server\instance'
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance [SERVERNAME] -Group [GROUPNAME] | Invoke-DbaSqlQuery -Query 'SELECT foo FROM bar'
 
            Runs the sql query 'SELECT foo FROM bar' against all instances in the group [GROUPNAME] on the CMS [SERVERNAME]
 
        .EXAMPLE
            "server1", "server1\nordwind", "server2" | Invoke-DbaSqlQuery -File "C:\scripts\sql\rebuild.sql"
 
            Runs the sql commands stored in rebuild.sql against the instances "server1", "server1\nordwind" and "server2"
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Query")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]
        $SqlInstance,

        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [object]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = "Query")]
        [string]
        $Query,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "File")]
        [object[]]
        $File,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "SMO")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject[]]
        $SqlObject,

        [ValidateSet("DataSet", "DataTable", "DataRow", "PSObject", "SingleValue")]
        [string]
        $As = "DataRow",

        [System.Collections.IDictionary]
        $SqlParameters,

        [switch]
        $AppendServerInstance,

        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $splatInvokeSqlCmd2 = @{
            As = $As
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "SqlParameters") {
            $splatInvokeSqlCmd2["SqlParameters"] = $SqlParameters
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "AppendServerInstance") {
            $splatInvokeSqlCmd2["AppendServerInstance"] = $AppendServerInstance
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Query") {
            $splatInvokeSqlCmd2["Query"] = $Query
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "File") {
            $files = @()
            $temporaryFiles = @()
            $temporaryFilesCount = 0
            $temporaryFilesPrefix = (97 .. 122 | Get-Random -Count 10 | ForEach-Object { [char]$_ }) -join ''

            foreach ($item in $File) {
                if ($null -eq $item) { continue }

                $type = $item.GetType().FullName

                switch ($type) {
                    "System.IO.DirectoryInfo" {
                        if (-not $item.Exists) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Directory not found!" -Category ObjectNotFound
                            return
                        }

                        $item.GetFiles() | Where-Object Extension -EQ ".sql" | ForEach-Object { $files += $_.FullName }
                    }
                    "System.IO.FileInfo" {
                        if (-not $item.Exists) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Directory not found!" -Category ObjectNotFound
                            return
                        }

                        $files += $item.FullName
                    }
                    "System.String" {
                        $uri = [uri]$item

                        switch -regex ($uri.Scheme) {
                            "http" {
                                $tempfile = "$env:TEMP\$temporaryFilesPrefix-$temporaryFilesCount.sql"
                                try {
                                    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $item -OutFile $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop
                                    $files += $tempfile
                                    $temporaryFilesCount++
                                    $temporaryFiles += $tempfile
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to download file $item" -ErrorRecord $_
                                    return
                                }
                            }
                            default {
                                try {
                                    $paths = Resolve-Path $item | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path | Get-Item -ErrorAction Stop
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to resolve path: $item" -ErrorRecord $_
                                    return
                                }

                                foreach ($path in $paths) {
                                    if (-not $path.PSIsContainer) {
                                        if (([uri]$path.FullName).Scheme -ne 'file') {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not resolve path $path as filesystem object"
                                            return
                                        }
                                        $files += $path.FullName
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    default {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unkown input type: $type" -Category InvalidArgument
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "SqlObject") {
            $files = @()
            $temporaryFiles = @()
            $temporaryFilesCount = 0
            $temporaryFilesPrefix = (97 .. 122 | Get-Random -Count 10 | ForEach-Object { [char]$_ }) -join ''

            foreach ($object in $SqlObject) {
                try { $code = Export-DbaScript -InputObject $object -Passthru -EnableException }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to generate script for object $object" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }

                try {
                    $newfile = "$env:TEMP\$temporaryFilesPrefix-$temporaryFilesCount.sql"
                    Set-Content -Value $code -Path $newfile -Force -ErrorAction Stop -Encoding UTF8
                    $files += $newfile
                    $temporaryFilesCount++
                    $temporaryFiles += $newfile
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to write sql script to temp" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance." -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing Invoke-SqlCmd2 against $instance" -Target $instance
            $conncontext = $server.ConnectionContext
            try {
                if ($Database -and $conncontext.DatabaseName -ne $Database) {
                    $conncontext = $server.ConnectionContext.Copy()
                    $conncontext.DatabaseName = $Database
                }
                if ($File -or $SqlObject) {
                    foreach ($item in $files) {
                        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -SQLConnection $conncontext.SqlConnectionObject @splatInvokeSqlCmd2 -InputFile $item
                    }
                }
                else { Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -SQLConnection $conncontext.SqlConnectionObject @splatInvokeSqlCmd2 }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "[$instance] Failed during execution" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        # Execute end even when interrupting, as only used for cleanup

        if ($temporaryFiles) {
            # Clean up temporary files that were downloaded
            foreach ($item in $temporaryFiles) {
                Remove-Item -Path $item -ErrorAction Ignore
            }
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn '1.0.0' -Alias Invoke-DbaSqlCmd
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaWhoisActive {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Outputs results of Adam Machanic's sp_WhoIsActive DataTable
 
.DESCRIPTION
Output results of Adam Machanic's sp_WhoIsActive
 
This command was built with Adam's permission. To read more about sp_WhoIsActive, please visit:
 
Updates: http://sqlblog.com/blogs/adam_machanic/archive/tags/who+is+active/default.aspx
 
Also, consider donating to Adam if you find this stored procedure helpful: http://tinyurl.com/WhoIsActiveDonate
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database where sp_WhoIsActive is installed. Defaults to master. If the sp_WhoIsActive is not installed, the command will warn and exit.
 
.PARAMETER Filter
FiltersBoth inclusive and exclusive
Set either filter to '' to disable
Session is a session ID, and either 0 or '' can be used to indicate "all" sessions
All other filter types support % or _ as wildcards
 
.PARAMETER FilterType
Valid filter types are: session, program, database, login, and host
 
.PARAMETER NotFilter
FiltersBoth inclusive and exclusive
Set either filter to '' to disable
Session is a session ID, and either 0 or '' can be used to indicate "all" sessions
All other filter types support % or _ as wildcards
 
.PARAMETER NotFilterType
Valid filter types are: session, program, database, login, and host
 
.PARAMETER ShowOwnSpid
Retrieve data about the calling session?
 
.PARAMETER ShowSystemSpids
Retrieve data about system sessions?
 
.PARAMETER ShowSleepingSpids
Controls how sleeping SPIDs are handled, based on the idea of levels of interest
0 does not pull any sleeping SPIDs
1 pulls only those sleeping SPIDs that also have an open transaction
2 pulls all sleeping SPIDs
 
.PARAMETER GetFullInnerText
If 1, gets the full stored procedure or running batch, when available
If 0, gets only the actual statement that is currently running in the batch or procedure
 
.PARAMETER GetPlans
Get associated query plans for running tasks, if available
If 1, gets the plan based on the request's statement offset
If 2, gets the entire plan based on the request's plan_handle
 
.PARAMETER GetOuterCommand
Get the associated outer ad hoc query or stored procedure call, if available
 
.PARAMETER GetTransactionInfo
Enables pulling transaction log write info and transaction duration
 
.PARAMETER GetTaskInfo
Get information on active tasks, based on three interest levels
Level 0 does not pull any task-related information
Level 1 is a lightweight mode that pulls the top non-CXPACKET wait, giving preference to blockers
Level 2 pulls all available task-based metrics, including:
number of active tasks, current wait stats, physical I/O, context switches, and blocker information
 
.PARAMETER GetLocks
Gets associated locks for each request, aggregated in an XML format
 
.PARAMETER GetAverageTime
Get average time for past runs of an active query
(based on the combination of plan handle, sql handle, and offset)
 
.PARAMETER GetAdditonalInfo
Get additional non-performance-related information about the session or request
text_size, language, date_format, date_first, quoted_identifier, arithabort, ansi_null_dflt_on,
ansi_defaults, ansi_warnings, ansi_padding, ansi_nulls, concat_null_yields_null,
transaction_isolation_level, lock_timeout, deadlock_priority, row_count, command_type
 
If a SQL Agent job is running, an subnode called agent_info will be populated with some or all of
the following: job_id, job_name, step_id, step_name, msdb_query_error (in the event of an error)
 
If @get_task_info is set to 2 and a lock wait is detected, a subnode called block_info will be
populated with some or all of the following: lock_type, database_name, object_id, file_id, hobt_id,
applock_hash, metadata_resource, metadata_class_id, object_name, schema_name
 
.PARAMETER FindBlockLeaders
Walk the blocking chain and count the number of
total SPIDs blocked all the way down by a given session
Also enables task_info Level 1, if @get_task_info is set to 0
 
.PARAMETER DeltaInterval
Pull deltas on various metrics
Interval in seconds to wait before doing the second data pull
 
.PARAMETER OutputColumnList
List of desired output columns, in desired order
Note that the final output will be the intersection of all enabled features and all
columns in the list. Therefore, only columns associated with enabled features will
actually appear in the output. Likewise, removing columns from this list may effectively
disable features, even if they are turned on
 
Each element in this list must be one of the valid output column names. Names must be
delimited by square brackets. White space, formatting, and additional characters are
allowed, as long as the list contains exact matches of delimited valid column names.
 
.PARAMETER SortOrder
Column(s) by which to sort output, optionally with sort directions.
Valid column choices:
session_id, physical_io, reads, physical_reads, writes, tempdb_allocations,
tempdb_current, CPU, context_switches, used_memory, physical_io_delta,
reads_delta, physical_reads_delta, writes_delta, tempdb_allocations_delta,
tempdb_current_delta, CPU_delta, context_switches_delta, used_memory_delta,
tasks, tran_start_time, open_tran_count, blocking_session_id, blocked_session_count,
percent_complete, host_name, login_name, database_name, start_time, login_time
 
Note that column names in the list must be bracket-delimited. Commas and/or white
space are not required.
 
.PARAMETER FormatOutput
Formats some of the output columns in a more "human readable" form
0 disables outfput format
1 formats the output for variable-width fonts
2 formats the output for fixed-width fonts
 
.PARAMETER DestinationTable
If set to a non-blank value, the script will attempt to insert into the specified destination table. Please note that the script will not verify that the table exists, or that it has the correct schema, before doing the insert. Table can be specified in one, two, or three-part format
 
.PARAMETER ReturnSchema
If set to 1, no data collection will happen and no result set will be returned; instead,
a CREATE TABLE statement will be returned via the @schema parameter, which will match
the schema of the result set that would be returned by using the same collection of the
rest of the parameters. The CREATE TABLE statement will have a placeholder token of
<table_name> in place of an actual table name.
 
 
.PARAMETER Schema
If set to 1, no data collection will happen and no result set will be returned; instead,
a CREATE TABLE statement will be returned via the @schema parameter, which will match
the schema of the result set that would be returned by using the same collection of the
rest of the parameters. The CREATE TABLE statement will have a placeholder token of
<table_name> in place of an actual table name.
 
.PARAMETER Help
Help! What do I do?
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Memory
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaWhoisActive
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaWhoisActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
Execute sp_whoisactive on sqlserver2014a. This command expects sp_WhoIsActive to be in the master database. Logs into the SQL Server with Windows credentials.
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaWhoisActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential -Database dbatools
 
Execute sp_whoisactive on sqlserver2014a. This command expects sp_WhoIsActive to be in the dbatools database. Logs into the SQL Server with SQL Authentication.
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaWhoisActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -GetAverageTime
 
Similar to running sp_WhoIsActive @get_avg_time
 
.EXAMPLE
Invoke-DbaWhoisActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -GetOuterCommand -FindBlockLeaders
 
Similar to running sp_WhoIsActive @get_outer_command = 1, @find_block_leaders = 1
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object]$Database,
        [Alias('As')]
        [ValidateLength(0, 128)]
        [string]$Filter,
        [ValidateSet('Session', 'Program', 'Database', 'Login', 'Host')]
        [string]$FilterType = 'Session',
        [ValidateLength(0, 128)]
        [string]$NotFilter,
        [ValidateSet('Session', 'Program', 'Database', 'Login', 'Host')]
        [string]$NotFilterType = 'Session',
        [switch]$ShowOwnSpid,
        [switch]$ShowSystemSpids,
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$ShowSleepingSpids,
        [switch]$GetFullInnerText,
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$GetPlans,
        [switch]$GetOuterCommand,
        [switch]$GetTransactionInfo,
        [ValidateRange(0, 2)]
        [int]$GetTaskInfo,
        [switch]$GetLocks,
        [switch]$GetAverageTime,
        [switch]$GetAdditonalInfo,
        [switch]$FindBlockLeaders,
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$DeltaInterval,
        [ValidateLength(0, 8000)]
        [string]$OutputColumnList = '[dd%][session_id][sql_text][sql_command][login_name][wait_info][tasks][tran_log%][cpu%][temp%][block%][reads%][writes%][context%][physical%][query_plan][locks][%]',
        [ValidateLength(0, 500)]
        [string]$SortOrder = '[start_time] ASC',
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$FormatOutput = 1,
        [ValidateLength(0, 4000)]
        [string]$DestinationTable = '',
        [switch]$ReturnSchema,
        [string]$Schema,
        [switch]$Help,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $passedparams = $psboundparameters.Keys | Where-Object { 'Silent', 'SqlServer', 'SqlCredential', 'OutputAs', 'ServerInstance', 'SqlInstance', 'Database' -notcontains $_ }
        $localparams = $psboundparameters
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                throw "sp_WhoIsActive is only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above"
            }

            $paramdictionary = @{
                Filter             = '@filter'
                FilterType         = '@filter_type'
                NotFilter          = 'not_filter'
                NotFilterType      = '@not_filter_type'
                ShowOwnSpid        = '@show_own_spid'
                ShowSystemSpids    = '@show_system_spids'
                ShowSleepingSpids  = '@show_sleeping_spids'
                GetFullInnerText   = '@get_full_inner_text'
                GetPlans           = '@get_plans'
                GetOuterCommand    = '@get_outer_command'
                GetTransactionInfo = '@get_transaction_info'
                GetTaskInfo        = '@get_task_info'
                GetLocks           = '@get_locks '
                GetAverageTime     = '@get_avg_time'
                GetAdditonalInfo   = '@get_additional_info'
                FindBlockLeaders   = '@find_block_leaders'
                DeltaInterval      = '@delta_interval'
                OutputColumnList   = '@output_column_list'
                SortOrder          = '@sort_order'
                FormatOutput       = '@format_output '
                DestinationTable   = '@destination_table '
                ReturnSchema       = '@return_schema'
                Schema             = '@schema'
                Help               = '@help'
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting sp_whoisactive data from server: $instance"

            try {
                $sqlconnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
                $sqlconnection.ConnectionString = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                $sqlconnection.Open()

                if ($Database) {
                    # database is being returned as something weird. change it to string without using a method then trim.
                    $Database = "$Database"
                    $Database = $Database.Trim()
                    $sqlconnection.ChangeDatabase($Database)
                }

                $sqlcommand = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
                $sqlcommand.CommandType = "StoredProcedure"
                $sqlcommand.CommandText = "dbo.sp_WhoIsActive"
                $sqlcommand.Connection = $sqlconnection

                foreach ($param in $passedparams) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Check parameter '$param'"

                    $sqlparam = $paramdictionary[$param]
                    
                    if ($sqlparam) {
                    
                        $value = $localparams[$param]
   
                        switch ($value) {
                            $true { $value = 1 }
                            $false { $value = 0 }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding parameter '$sqlparam' with value '$value'"
                        [Void]$sqlcommand.Parameters.AddWithValue($sqlparam, $value)
                    }
                }

                $datatable = New-Object system.Data.DataSet
                $dataadapter = New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter($sqlcommand)
                $dataadapter.fill($datatable) | Out-Null
                $datatable.Tables.Rows
            }
            catch {
                if ($_.Exception.InnerException -Like "*Could not find*") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "sp_whoisactive not found, please install using Install-DbaWhoIsActive." -Continue
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid query." -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-SqlWhoIsActive -CustomMessage "Show-SqlWhoIsActive is no longer supported. Use Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive | Out-GridView for similar results."
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaXeReplay {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This command replays events from Read-DbaXEFile on one or more target servers
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command replays events from Read-DbaXEFile. It is simplistic in its approach.
     
            - Writes all queries to a temp sql file
            - Executes temp file using . $sqlcmd so that batches are executed properly
            - Deletes temp file
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server(s)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Used to provide alternative credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The initial starting database.
 
        .PARAMETER Event
            Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            By dafault, the results of . $sqlcmd are collected, cleaned up and displayed. If you'd like to see all results immeidately, use Raw.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output of Read-DbaXESession.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Invoke-DbaXeReplay -SqlInstance sql2017
 
            Runs all batch_text for sql_batch_completed against tempdb on sql2017.
         
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Invoke-DbaXeReplay -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database planning -Event sql_batch_completed
 
            Sets the *initial* database to planning then runs only sql_batch_completed against sql2017.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Invoke-DbaXeReplay -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2016
 
            Runs all batch_text for sql_batch_completed against tempdb on sql2017 and sql2016
 
    #>
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Event = @('sql_batch_completed', 'rcp_completed'),
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    
    begin {
        $querycolumns = 'statement', 'batch_text'
        $timestamp = (Get-Date -Format yyyyMMddHHmm)
        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $filename = "$temp\dbatools-replay-$timestamp.sql"
        Set-Content $filename -Value $null
        
        $sqlcmd = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\sqlcmd\sqlcmd.exe"
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ($InputObject.Name -notin $Event) {
            continue
        }
        
        if ($InputObject.statement) {
            if ($InputObject.statement -notmatch "ALTER EVENT SESSION") {
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value $InputObject.statement
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value "GO"
            }
        }
        else {
            if ($InputObject.batch_text -notmatch "ALTER EVENT SESSION") {
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value $InputObject.batch_text
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value "GO"
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance." -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            
            
            if ($Raw) {
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlCredential) {
                    . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename -U $SqlCredential.Username -P $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    continue
                }
                else {
                    . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename
                    continue
                }
            }
            
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlCredential) {
                $output = . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename -U $SqlCredential.Username -P $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            else {
                $output = . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename
            }
            
            foreach ($line in $output) {
                $newline = $line.Trim()
                if ($newline -and $newline -notmatch "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") {
                    "$newline"
                }
            }
        }
        Remove-Item -Path $filename -ErrorAction Ignore
    }
}
function Invoke-Sqlcmd2 {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Runs a T-SQL script.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Runs a T-SQL script. Invoke-Sqlcmd2 runs the whole script and only captures the first selected result set, such as the output of PRINT statements when -verbose parameter is specified.
            Parameterized queries are supported.
 
            Help details below borrowed from Invoke-Sqlcmd
 
        .PARAMETER ServerInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to execute the query against.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the name of the database to execute the query against. If specified, this database will be used in the ConnectionString when establishing the connection to SQL Server.
 
            If a SQLConnection is provided, the default database for that connection is overridden with this database.
 
        .PARAMETER Query
            Specifies one or more queries to be run. The queries can be Transact-SQL, XQuery statements, or sqlcmd commands. Multiple queries in a single batch may be separated by a semicolon.
 
            Do not specify the sqlcmd GO separator (or, use the ParseGo parameter). Escape any double quotation marks included in the string.
 
            Consider using bracketed identifiers such as [MyTable] instead of quoted identifiers such as "MyTable".
 
        .PARAMETER InputFile
            Specifies the full path to a file to be used as the query input to Invoke-Sqlcmd2. The file can contain Transact-SQL statements, XQuery statements, sqlcmd commands and scripting variables.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if Credential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
            SECURITY NOTE: If you use the -Debug switch, the connectionstring including plain text password will be sent to the debug stream.
 
        .PARAMETER Encrypt
            If this switch is enabled, the connection to SQL Server will be made using SSL.
 
            This requires that the SQL Server has been set up to accept SSL requests. For information regarding setting up SSL on SQL Server, see https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067(v=sql.105).aspx
 
        .PARAMETER QueryTimeout
            Specifies the number of seconds before the queries time out.
 
        .PARAMETER ConnectionTimeout
            Specifies the number of seconds before Invoke-Sqlcmd2 times out if it cannot successfully connect to an instance of the Database Engine. The timeout value must be an integer between 0 and 65534. If 0 is specified, connection attempts do not time out.
 
        .PARAMETER As
            Specifies output type. Valid options for this parameter are 'DataSet', 'DataTable', 'DataRow', 'PSObject', and 'SingleValue'
 
            PSObject output introduces overhead but adds flexibility for working with results: http://powershell.org/wp/forums/topic/dealing-with-dbnull/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlParameters
            Specifies a hashtable of parameters for parameterized SQL queries. http://blog.codinghorror.com/give-me-parameterized-sql-or-give-me-death/
 
            Example:
 
        .PARAMETER AppendServerInstance
            If this switch is enabled, the SQL Server instance will be appended to PSObject and DataRow output.
 
        .PARAMETER ParseGo
            If this switch is enabled, "GO" statements will be handled automatically.
            Every "GO" will effectively run in a separate query, like if you issued multiple Invoke-SqlCmd2 commands.
            "GO"s will be recognized if they are on a single line, as this covers
            the 95% of the cases "GO" parsing is needed
            Note:
                Queries will always target that database, e.g. if you have this Query:
                    USE DATABASE [dbname]
                    GO
                    SELECT * from sys.tables
                and you call it via
                    Invoke-SqlCmd2 -ServerInstance instance -Database msdb -Query ...
                you'll get back tables from msdb, not dbname.
 
 
        .PARAMETER SQLConnection
            Specifies an existing SQLConnection object to use in connecting to SQL Server. If the connection is closed, an attempt will be made to open it.
 
        .INPUTS
            None
                You cannot pipe objects to Invoke-Sqlcmd2
 
        .OUTPUTS
        As PSObject: System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject
        As DataRow: System.Data.DataRow
        As DataTable: System.Data.DataTable
        As DataSet: System.Data.DataTableCollectionSystem.Data.DataSet
        As SingleValue: Dependent on data type in first column.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance" -Query "SELECT login_time AS 'StartTime' FROM sysprocesses WHERE spid = 1"
 
            Connects to a named instance of the Database Engine on a computer and runs a basic T-SQL query.
 
            StartTime
            -----------
            2010-08-12 21:21:03.593
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance" -InputFile "C:\MyFolder\tsqlscript.sql" | Out-File -filePath "C:\MyFolder\tsqlscript.rpt"
 
            Reads a file containing T-SQL statements, runs the file, and writes the output to another file.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance" -Query "PRINT 'hello world'" -Verbose
 
            Uses the PowerShell -Verbose parameter to return the message output of the PRINT command.
            VERBOSE: hello world
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance MyServer\MyInstance -Query "SELECT ServerName, VCNumCPU FROM tblServerInfo" -as PSObject | ?{$_.VCNumCPU -gt 8}
            Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance MyServer\MyInstance -Query "SELECT ServerName, VCNumCPU FROM tblServerInfo" -as PSObject | ?{$_.VCNumCPU}
 
            This example uses the PSObject output type to allow more flexibility when working with results.
 
            If we used DataRow rather than PSObject, we would see the following behavior:
                Each row where VCNumCPU does not exist would produce an error in the first example
                Results would include rows where VCNumCPU has DBNull value in the second example
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'Instance1', 'Server1/Instance1', 'Server2' | Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -query "Sp_databases" -as psobject -AppendServerInstance
 
            This example lists databases for each instance. It includes a column for the ServerInstance in question.
                DATABASE_NAME DATABASE_SIZE REMARKS ServerInstance
                ------------- ------------- ------- --------------
                REDACTED 88320 Instance1
                master 17920 Instance1
                ...
                msdb 618112 Server1/Instance1
                tempdb 563200 Server1/Instance1
                ...
                OperationsManager 20480000 Server2
 
        .EXAMPLE
            #Construct a query using SQL parameters
                $Query = "SELECT ServerName, VCServerClass, VCServerContact FROM tblServerInfo WHERE VCServerContact LIKE @VCServerContact AND VCServerClass LIKE @VCServerClass"
 
            #Run the query, specifying values for SQL parameters
                Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance SomeServer\NamedInstance -Database ServerDB -query $query -SqlParameters @{ VCServerContact="%cookiemonster%"; VCServerClass="Prod" }
 
                ServerName VCServerClass VCServerContact
                ---------- ------------- ---------------
                SomeServer1 Prod cookiemonster, blah
                SomeServer2 Prod cookiemonster
                SomeServer3 Prod blah, cookiemonster
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -SQLConnection $Conn -Query "SELECT login_time AS 'StartTime' FROM sysprocesses WHERE spid = 1"
 
            Uses an existing SQLConnection and runs a basic T-SQL query against it
 
            StartTime
            -----------
            2010-08-12 21:21:03.593
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-SqlCmd -SQLConnection $Conn -Query "SELECT ServerName FROM tblServerInfo WHERE ServerName LIKE @ServerName" -SqlParameters @{"ServerName = "c-is-hyperv-1"}
 
            Executes a parameterized query against the existing SQLConnection, with a collection of one parameter to be passed to the query when executed.
 
        .NOTES
            Changelog moved to CHANGELOG.md:
 
            https://github.com/sqlcollaborative/Invoke-SqlCmd2/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
 
        .LINK
            https://github.com/sqlcollaborative/Invoke-SqlCmd2
 
        .LINK
            https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/PowerShell
 
        .FUNCTIONALITY
            SQL
    #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que')]
    [OutputType([System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject], [System.Data.DataRow], [System.Data.DataTable], [System.Data.DataTableCollection], [System.Data.DataSet])]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 0,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            HelpMessage = 'SQL Server Instance required...')]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 0,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            HelpMessage = 'SQL Server Instance required...')]
        [Alias('Instance', 'Instances', 'ComputerName', 'Server', 'Servers', 'SqlInstance')]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$ServerInstance,
        [Parameter(Position = 1,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [string]$Database,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Que',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [string]$Query,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Fil',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [ValidateScript( { Test-Path -LiteralPath $_ })]
        [string]$InputFile,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 3,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 3,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Alias('SqlCredential')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 4,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 4,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [switch]$Encrypt,
        [Parameter(Position = 5,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Int32]$QueryTimeout = 600,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 6,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 6,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Int32]$ConnectionTimeout = 15,
        [Parameter(Position = 7,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [ValidateSet("DataSet", "DataTable", "DataRow", "PSObject", "SingleValue")]
        [string]$As = "DataRow",
        [Parameter(Position = 8,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [System.Collections.IDictionary]$SqlParameters,
        [Parameter(Position = 9,
            Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$AppendServerInstance,
        [Parameter(Position = 10,
            Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$ParseGO,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Que',
            Position = 11,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipeline = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $false,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Fil',
            Position = 11,
            Mandatory = $false,
            ValueFromPipeline = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $false,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Alias('Connection', 'Conn')]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection]$SQLConnection
    )

    begin {
        if ($InputFile) {
            $filePath = $(Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $InputFile).ProviderPath
            $Query = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("$filePath")
        }

        Write-Verbose "Running Invoke-Sqlcmd2 with ParameterSet '$($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName)'. Performing query '$Query'."

        if ($As -eq "PSObject") {
            #This code scrubs DBNulls. Props to Dave Wyatt
            $cSharp = @'
                using System;
                using System.Data;
                using System.Management.Automation;
 
                public class DBNullScrubber
                {
                    public static PSObject DataRowToPSObject(DataRow row)
                    {
                        PSObject psObject = new PSObject();
 
                        if (row != null && (row.RowState & DataRowState.Detached) != DataRowState.Detached)
                        {
                            foreach (DataColumn column in row.Table.Columns)
                            {
                                Object value = null;
                                if (!row.IsNull(column))
                                {
                                    value = row[column];
                                }
 
                                psObject.Properties.Add(new PSNoteProperty(column.ColumnName, value));
                            }
                        }
 
                        return psObject;
                    }
                }
'@

            try {
                Add-Type -TypeDefinition $cSharp -ReferencedAssemblies 'System.Data', 'System.Xml' -ErrorAction stop
            }
            catch {
                if (-not $_.ToString() -like "*The type name 'DBNullScrubber' already exists*") {
                    Write-Warning "Could not load DBNullScrubber. Defaulting to DataRow output: $_."
                    $As = "Datarow"
                }
            }
        }

        #Handle existing connections
        if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('SQLConnection')) {
            if ($SQLConnection.State -notlike "Open") {
                try {
                    Write-Verbose "Opening connection from '$($SQLConnection.State)' state."
                    $SQLConnection.Open()
                }
                catch {
                    throw $_
                }
            }

            if ($Database -and $SQLConnection.Database -notlike $Database) {
                try {
                    Write-Verbose "Changing SQLConnection database from '$($SQLConnection.Database)' to $Database."
                    $SQLConnection.ChangeDatabase($Database)
                }
                catch {
                    throw "Could not change Connection database '$($SQLConnection.Database)' to $Database`: $_"
                }
            }

            if ($SQLConnection.state -like "Open") {
                $ServerInstance = @($SQLConnection.DataSource)
            }
            else {
                throw "SQLConnection is not open"
            }
        }
        $GoSplitterRegex = [regex]'(?smi)^[\s]*GO[\s]*$'

    }
    process {
        foreach ($SQLInstance in $ServerInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Querying ServerInstance '$SQLInstance'"

            if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains "SQLConnection") {
                $Conn = $SQLConnection
            }
            else {
                $CSBuilder = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder
                $CSBuilder["Server"] = $SQLInstance
                $CSBuilder["Database"] = $Database
                $CSBuilder["Connection Timeout"] = $ConnectionTimeout

                if ($Encrypt) {
                    $CSBuilder["Encrypt"] = $true
                }

                if ($Credential) {
                    $CSBuilder["Trusted_Connection"] = $false
                    $CSBuilder["User ID"] = $Credential.UserName
                    $CSBuilder["Password"] = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                }
                else {
                    $CSBuilder["Integrated Security"] = $true
                }
                if ($ApplicationName) {
                    $CSBuilder["Application Name"] = $ApplicationName
                }
                else {
                    $ScriptName = (Get-PSCallStack)[-1].Command.ToString()
                    if ($ScriptName -ne "<ScriptBlock>") {
                        $CSBuilder["Application Name"] = $ScriptName
                    }
                }
                $conn = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection

                $ConnectionString = $CSBuilder.ToString()
                $conn.ConnectionString = $ConnectionString
                Write-Debug "ConnectionString $ConnectionString"

                try {
                    $conn.Open()
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Error $_
                    continue
                }
            }

            #Following EventHandler is used for PRINT and RAISERROR T-SQL statements. Executed when -Verbose parameter specified by caller
            if ($PSBoundParameters.Verbose) {
                $conn.FireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors = $false # Shiyang, $true will change the SQL exception to information
                $handler = [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInfoMessageEventHandler] { Write-Verbose "$($_)" }
                $conn.add_InfoMessage($handler)
            }
            if ($ParseGO) {
                Write-Verbose "Stripping GOs from source"
                $Pieces = $GoSplitterRegex.Split($Query)
            }
            else {
                $Pieces = , $Query
            }
            # Only execute non-empty statements
            $Pieces = $Pieces | Where-Object { $_.Trim().Length -gt 0 }
            foreach ($piece in $Pieces) {
                $cmd = New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($piece, $conn)
                $cmd.CommandTimeout = $QueryTimeout

                if ($null -ne $SqlParameters) {
                    $SqlParameters.GetEnumerator() |
                        ForEach-Object {
                        if ($null -ne $_.Value) {
                            $cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue($_.Key, $_.Value)
                        }
                        else {
                            $cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue($_.Key, [DBNull]::Value)
                        }
                    } > $null
                }

                $ds = New-Object system.Data.DataSet
                $da = New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter($cmd)

                try {
                    [void]$da.fill($ds)
                }
                catch [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException] {
                    # For SQL exception

                    $Err = $_

                    Write-Verbose "Capture SQL Error"

                    if ($PSBoundParameters.Verbose) {
                        Write-Verbose "SQL Error: $Err"
                    } #Shiyang, add the verbose output of exception

                    switch ($ErrorActionPreference.tostring()) {
                        { 'SilentlyContinue', 'Ignore' -contains $_ } {

                        }
                        'Stop' {
                            throw $Err
                        }
                        'Continue' {
                            throw $Err
                        }
                        Default {
                            Throw $Err
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    # For other exception
                    Write-Verbose "Capture Other Error"

                    $Err = $_

                    if ($PSBoundParameters.Verbose) {
                        Write-Verbose "Other Error: $Err"
                    }

                    switch ($ErrorActionPreference.tostring()) {
                        { 'SilentlyContinue', 'Ignore' -contains $_ } {

                        }
                        'Stop' {
                            throw $Err
                        }
                        'Continue' {
                            throw $Err
                        }
                        Default {
                            throw $Err
                        }
                    }
                }
                finally {
                    #Close the connection
                    if (-not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('SQLConnection')) {
                        $conn.Close()
                    }
                }

                if ($AppendServerInstance) {
                    #Basics from Chad Miller
                    $Column = New-Object Data.DataColumn
                    $Column.ColumnName = "ServerInstance"

                    if ($ds.Tables.Count -ne 0) {
                        $ds.Tables[0].Columns.Add($Column)
                        Foreach ($row in $ds.Tables[0]) {
                            $row.ServerInstance = $SQLInstance
                        }
                    }
                }

                switch ($As) {
                    'DataSet' {
                        $ds
                    }
                    'DataTable' {
                        $ds.Tables
                    }
                    'DataRow' {
                        if ($ds.Tables.Count -ne 0) {
                            $ds.Tables[0]
                        }
                    }
                    'PSObject' {
                        if ($ds.Tables.Count -ne 0) {
                            #Scrub DBNulls - Provides convenient results you can use comparisons with
                            #Introduces overhead (e.g. ~2000 rows w/ ~80 columns went from .15 Seconds to .65 Seconds - depending on your data could be much more!)
                            foreach ($row in $ds.Tables[0].Rows) {

                                [DBNullScrubber]::DataRowToPSObject($row)
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    'SingleValue' {
                        if ($ds.Tables.Count -ne 0) {
                            $ds.Tables[0] | Select-Object -ExpandProperty $ds.Tables[0].Columns[0].ColumnName
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
} #Invoke-Sqlcmd2
function Measure-DbaBackupThroughput {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Determines how quickly SQL Server is backing up databases to media.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns backup history details for one or more databases on a SQL Server.
 
            Output looks like this:
            SqlInstance : sql2016
            Database : SharePoint_Config
            AvgThroughputMB : 1.07
            AvgSizeMB : 24.17
            AvgDuration : 00:00:01.1000000
            MinThroughputMB : 0.02
            MaxThroughputMB : 2.26
            MinBackupDate : 8/6/2015 10:22:01 PM
            MaxBackupDate : 6/19/2016 12:57:45 PM
            BackupCount : 10
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Type
            By default, this command measures the speed of Full backups. Valid options are "Full", "Log" and "Differential".
 
        .PARAMETER Since
             All backups taken on or after the point in time represented by this datetime object will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Last
            If this switch is enabled, only the last backup will be measured.
 
        .PARAMETER DeviceType
            Specifies one or more DeviceTypes to use in filtering backup sets. Valid values are "Disk", "Permanent Disk Device", "Tape", "Permanent Tape Device", "Pipe", "Permanent Pipe Device" and "Virtual Device", as well as custom integers for your own DeviceTypes.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Databases
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Measure-DbaBackupThroughput
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Parses every backup in msdb's backuphistory for stats on all databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database AdventureWorks2014
 
            Parses every backup in msdb's backuphistory for stats on AdventureWorks2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2005 -Last
 
            Processes the last full, diff and log backups every backup for all databases on sql2005.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2005 -Last -Type Log
 
            Processes the last log backups every backup for all databases on sql2005.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016 -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)
 
            Gets backup calculations for the last week.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016 -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-365) -Database bigoldb
 
            Gets backup calculations, limited to the last year and only the bigoldb database
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [switch]$Last,
        [ValidateSet("Full", "Log", "Differential", "File", "Differential File", "Partial Full", "Partial Differential")]
        [string]$Type = "Full",
        [string[]]$DeviceType,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Retrieving history for $db."
                $allhistory = @()

                # Splatting didn't work
                if ($since) {
                    $histories = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.name -Since $since -DeviceType $DeviceType -Type $Type
                }
                else {
                    $histories = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.name -Last:$last -DeviceType $DeviceType -Type $Type
                }

                foreach ($history in $histories) {
                    $timetaken = New-TimeSpan -Start $history.Start -End $history.End

                    if ($timetaken.TotalMilliseconds -eq 0) {
                        $throughput = $history.TotalSize.Megabyte
                    }
                    else {
                        $throughput = $history.TotalSize.Megabyte / $timetaken.TotalSeconds
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $history -MemberType Noteproperty -Name MBps -value $throughput

                    $allhistory += $history | Select-Object ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, MBps, TotalSize, Start, End
                }

                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Calculating averages for $db."
                foreach ($db in ($allhistory | Sort-Object Database | Group-Object Database)) {

                    $measuremb = $db.Group.MBps | Measure-Object -Average -Minimum -Maximum
                    $measurestart = $db.Group.Start | Measure-Object -Minimum
                    $measureend = $db.Group.End | Measure-Object -Maximum
                    $measuresize = $db.Group.TotalSize.Megabyte | Measure-Object -Average
                    $avgduration = $db.Group | ForEach-Object { New-TimeSpan -Start $_.Start -End $_.End } | Measure-Object -Average TotalSeconds

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $db.Group.ComputerName | Select-Object -First 1
                        InstanceName    = $db.Group.InstanceName | Select-Object -First 1
                        SqlInstance     = $db.Group.SqlInstance | Select-Object -First 1
                        Database        = $db.Name
                        AvgThroughputMB = [System.Math]::Round($measuremb.Average, 2)
                        AvgSizeMB       = [System.Math]::Round($measuresize.Average, 2)
                        AvgDuration     = [dbatimespan](New-TimeSpan -Seconds $avgduration.Average)
                        MinThroughputMB = [System.Math]::Round($measuremb.Minimum, 2)
                        MaxThroughputMB = [System.Math]::Round($measuremb.Maximum, 2)
                        MinBackupDate   = [dbadatetime]$measurestart.Minimum
                        MaxBackupDate   = [dbadatetime]$measureend.Maximum
                        BackupCount     = $db.Count
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Calculate the space needed to copy and possibly replace a database from one SQL server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns a file list from source and destination where source file may overwrite destination. Complex scenarios where a new file may exist is taken into account.
            This command will accept an hash object in pipeline with the following keys: Source, SourceDatabase, Destination. Using this command will provide a way to prepare before a complex migration with multiple databases from different sources and destinations.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database to copy. It MUST exist.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationDatabase
            The database name at destination.
            May or may not be present, if unspecified it will default to the database name provided in SourceDatabase.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            The credentials to use to connect via CIM/WMI/PowerShell remoting.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
           Tags: Database, DiskSpace, Migration
           Author: Pollus Brodeur (@pollusb)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement -Source INSTANCE1 -Database DB1 -Destination INSTANCE2
 
            Calculate space needed for a simple migration with one database with the same name at destination.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            @([PSCustomObject]@{Source='SQL1';Destination='SQL2';Database='DB1'},
              [PSCustomObject]@{Source='SQL1';Destination='SQL2';Database='DB2'}
            ) | Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement
 
            Using a PSCustomObject with 2 databases to migrate on SQL2
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Import-Csv -Path .\migration.csv -Delimiter "`t" | Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            Using a CSV file. You will need to use this header line "Source<tab>Destination<tab>Database<tab>DestinationDatabase"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-DbaSqlCmd -SqlInstance DBA -Database Migrations -Query 'select Source, Destination, Database from dbo.Migrations' `
                | Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement
 
            Using a SQL table. We are DBA after all!
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [string]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [string]$DestinationDatabase,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $local:cacheMP = @{}
        $local:cacheDP = @{}

        function Get-MountPointFromPath {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                $path,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                $computerName,
                [PSCredential]$credential
            )
            if (!$cacheMP[$computerName]) {
                try {
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, (Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $Credential -EnableException))
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "cacheMP[$computerName] is in cache"
                }
                catch {
                    # This way, I won't be asking again for this computer.
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, '?')
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $computerName. cacheMP[$computerName] = ?" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computerName -Continue
                }
            }
            if ($cacheMP[$computerName] -eq '?') {
                return '?'
            }
            foreach ($m in ($cacheMP[$computerName] | Sort-Object -Property Name -Descending)) {
                if ($path -like "$($m.Name)*") {
                    return $m.Name
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Path $path can't be found in any MountPoints of $computerName"
        }
        function Get-MountPointFromDefaultPath {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [ValidateSet('Log', 'Data')]
                $DefaultPathType,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                $SqlInstance,
                [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                # Could probably use the computer defined in SqlInstance but info was already available from the caller
                $computerName,
                [PSCredential]$Credential
            )
            if (!$cacheDP[$SqlInstance]) {
                try {
                    $cacheDP.Add($SqlInstance, (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException))
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "cacheDP[$SqlInstance] is in cache"
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $SqlInstance" -Continue
                    $cacheDP.Add($SqlInstance, '?')
                    return '?'
                }
            }
            if ($cacheDP[$SqlInstance] -eq '?') {
                return '?'
            }
            if (!$computerName) {
                $computerName = $cacheDP[$SqlInstance].ComputerName
            }
            if (!$cacheMP[$computerName]) {
                try {
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, (Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $Credential))
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $computerName." -Continue
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, '?')
                    return '?'
                }
            }
            if ($DefaultPathType -eq 'Log') {
                $path = $cacheDP[$SqlInstance].Log
            }
            else {
                $path = $cacheDP[$SqlInstance].Data
            }
            foreach ($m in ($cacheMP[$computerName] | Sort-Object -Property Name -Descending)) {
                if ($path -like "$($m.Name)*") {
                    return $m.Name
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to SQL Servers."
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Source."
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
        }

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Destination."
            $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination
        }

        if (Test-Bound 'DestinationDatabase' -not) {
            $DestinationDatabase = $Database
        }
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Source.[$Database] -> $Destination.[$DestinationDatabase]"

        $sourceDb = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $Database -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        if (Test-Bound 'Database' -not) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database [$Database] MUST exist on Source Instance $Source." -ErrorRecord $_
        }
        $sourceFiles = @($sourceDb.FileGroups.Files | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n='Type'; e= {'Data'}})
        $sourceFiles += @($sourceDb.LogFiles        | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n='Type'; e= {'Log'}})

        if ($destDb = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -Database $DestinationDatabase -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential) {
            $destFiles = @($destDb.FileGroups.Files | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n='Type'; e= {'Data'}})
            $destFiles += @($destDb.LogFiles        | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n='Type'; e= {'Log'}})
            $computerName = $destDb.ComputerName
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database [$DestinationDatabase] does not exist on Destination Instance $Destination."
            $computerName = $destServer.NetName
        }

        foreach ($sourceFile in $sourceFiles) {
            foreach ($destFile in $destFiles) {
                if ($found = ($sourceFile.Name -eq $destFile.Name)) {
                    # Files found on both sides
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                            SourceComputerName      = $sourceServer.NetName
                            SourceInstance          = $sourceServer.ServiceName
                            SourceSqlInstance       = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                            DestinationComputerName = $destServer.NetName
                            DestinationInstance     = $destServer.ServiceName
                            DestinationSqlInstance  = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
                            SourceDatabase          = $sourceDb.Name
                            SourceLogicalName       = $sourceFile.Name
                            SourceFileName          = $sourceFile.FileName
                            SourceFileSize          = [DbaSize]($sourceFile.Size * 1000)
                            DestinationDatabase     = $destDb.Name
                            DestinationLogicalName  = $destFile.Name
                            DestinationFileName     = $destFile.FileName
                            DestinationFileSize     = [DbaSize]($destFile.Size * 1000) * -1
                            DifferenceSize          = [DbaSize]( ($sourceFile.Size * 1000) - ($destFile.Size * 1000) )
                            MountPoint              = Get-MountPointFromPath -Path $destFile.Filename -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $Credential
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SourceComputerName, SourceInstance, DestinationComputerName, DestinationInstance
                    break
                }
            }
            if (!$found) {
                # Files on source but not on destination
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                        SourceComputerName      = $sourceServer.NetName
                        SourceInstance          = $sourceServer.ServiceName
                        SourceSqlInstance       = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                        DestinationComputerName = $destServer.NetName
                        DestinationInstance     = $destServer.ServiceName
                        DestinationSqlInstance  = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
                        SourceDatabase          = $sourceDb.Name
                        SourceLogicalName       = $sourceFile.Name
                        SourceFileName          = $sourceFile.FileName
                        SourceFileSize          = [DbaSize]($sourceFile.Size * 1000)
                        DestinationDatabase     = $DestinationDatabase
                        DestinationLogicalName  = $null
                        DestinationFileName     = $null
                        DestinationFileSize     = [DbaSize]0
                        DifferenceSize          = [DbaSize]($sourceFile.Size * 1000)
                        MountPoint              = Get-MountPointFromDefaultPath -DefaultPathType $sourceFile.Type -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SourceComputerName, SourceInstance, DestinationComputerName, DestinationInstance
            }
        }
        if ($destDb) {
            # Files on destination but not on source (strange scenario but possible)
            $destFilesNotSource = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $destFiles -DifferenceObject $sourceFiles -Property Name -PassThru
            foreach ($destFileNotSource in $destFilesNotSource) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                        SourceComputerName      = $sourceServer.NetName
                        SourceInstance          = $sourceServer.ServiceName
                        SourceSqlInstance       = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                        DestinationComputerName = $destServer.NetName
                        DestinationInstance     = $destServer.ServiceName
                        DestinationSqlInstance  = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
                        SourceDatabaseName      = $Database
                        SourceLogicalName       = $null
                        SourceFileName          = $null
                        SourceFileSize          = [DbaSize]0
                        DestinationDatabaseName = $destDb.Name
                        DestinationLogicalName  = $destFileNotSource.Name
                        DestinationFileName     = $destFile.FileName
                        DestinationFileSize     = [DbaSize]($destFileNotSource.Size * 1000) * -1
                        DifferenceSize          = [DbaSize]($destFileNotSource.Size * 1000) * -1
                        MountPoint              = Get-MountPointFromPath -Path $destFileNotSource.Filename -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $Credential
                    } | Select-DefaultView  -ExcludeProperty SourceComputerName, SourceInstance, DestinationComputerName, DestinationInstance
            }
        }
        $DestinationDatabase = $null
    }
}
function Mount-DbaDatabase {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Attach a SQL Server Database - aliased to Attach-DbaDatabase
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command will attach a SQL Server database.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to attach.
 
        .PARAMETER FileStructure
            A StringCollection object value that contains a list database files. If FileStructure is not specified, BackupHistory will be used to guess the structure.
 
        .PARAMETER DatabaseOwner
            Sets the database owner for the database. The sa account (or equivalent) will be used if DatabaseOwner is not specified.
 
        .PARAMETER AttachOption
            An AttachOptions object value that contains the attachment options. Valid options are "None", "RebuildLog", "EnableBroker", "NewBroker" and "ErrorBrokerConversations".
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Mount-DbaDatabase
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $fileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
            $fileStructure.Add("E:\archive\example.mdf")
            $filestructure.Add("E:\archive\example.ldf")
            $filestructure.Add("E:\archive\example.ndf")
            Mount-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database example -FileStructure $fileStructure
 
            Attaches a database named "example" to sql2016 with the files "E:\archive\example.mdf", "E:\archive\example.ldf" and "E:\archive\example.ndf". The database owner will be set to sa and the attach option is None.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Mount-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database example
 
            Since the FileStructure was not provided, this command will attempt to determine it based on backup history. If found, a database named example will be attached to sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Mount-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database example -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed (without actually performing the command)
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection]$FileStructure,
        [string]$DatabaseOwner,
        [ValidateSet('None', 'RebuildLog', 'EnableBroker', 'NewBroker', 'ErrorBrokerConversations')]
        [string]$AttachOption = "None",
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not $server.Logins.Item($DatabaseOwner)) {
                try {
                    $DatabaseOwner = ($server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
                }
                catch {
                    $DatabaseOwner = "sa"
                }
            }

            foreach ($db in $database) {

                if ($server.Databases[$db]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$db is already attached to $server." -Target $db -Continue
                }

                if ($server.Databases[$db].IsSystemObject) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$db is a system database and cannot be attached using this method." -Target $db -Continue
                }

                if (-Not (Test-Bound -Parameter FileStructure)) {
                    $backuphistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db -Type Full | Sort-Object End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                    if (-not $backuphistory) {
                        $message = "Could not enumerate backup history to automatically build FileStructure. Rerun the command and provide the filestructure parameter."
                        Stop-Function -Message $message -Target $db -Continue
                    }

                    $backupfile = $backuphistory.Path[0]
                    $filepaths = (Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $server -FileList -Path $backupfile).PhysicalName

                    $FileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    foreach ($file in $filepaths) {
                        $exists = Test-DbaSqlpath -SqlInstance $server -Path $file
                        if (-not $exists) {
                            $message = "Could not find the files to build the FileStructure. Rerun the command and provide the FileStructure parameter."
                            Stop-Function -Message $message -Target $file -Continue
                        }

                        $null = $FileStructure.Add($file)
                    }
                }

                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Attaching $Database with $DatabaseOwner as database owner and $AttachOption as attachoption")) {
                    try {
                        $server.AttachDatabase($db, $FileStructure, $DatabaseOwner, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AttachOptions]::$AttachOption)

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName  = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database      = $db
                            AttachResult  = "Success"
                            AttachOption  = $AttachOption
                            FileStructure = $FileStructure
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
New-DbaAgentJob creates a new job
 
.DESCRIPTION
New-DbaAgentJob makes is possible to create a job in the SQL Server Agent.
It returns an array of the job(s) created
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Job
The name of the job. The name must be unique and cannot contain the percent (%) character.
 
.PARAMETER Schedule
Schedule to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule.
 
.PARAMETER ScheduleId
Schedule ID to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule ID.
 
.PARAMETER Disabled
Sets the status of the job to disabled. By default a job is enabled.
 
.PARAMETER Description
The description of the job.
 
.PARAMETER StartStepId
The identification number of the first step to execute for the job.
 
.PARAMETER Category
The category of the job.
 
.PARAMETER OwnerLogin
The name of the login that owns the job.
 
.PARAMETER EventLogLevel
Specifies when to place an entry in the Microsoft Windows application log for this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER EmailLevel
Specifies when to send an e-mail upon the completion of this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER NetsendLevel
Specifies when to send a network message upon the completion of this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER PageLevel
Specifies when to send a page upon the completion of this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER EmailOperator
The e-mail name of the operator to whom the e-mail is sent when EmailLevel is reached.
 
.PARAMETER NetsendOperator
The name of the operator to whom the network message is sent.
 
.PARAMETER PageOperator
The name of the operator to whom a page is sent.
 
.PARAMETER DeleteLevel
Specifies when to delete the job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Step
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentJob
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -Description 'Just another job'
Creates a job with the name "Job1" and a small description
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -Disabled
Creates the job but sets it to disabled
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -EventLogLevel OnSuccess
Creates the job and sets the notification to write to the Windows Application event log on success
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance SSTAD-PC -Job 'Job One' -EmailLevel OnFailure -EmailOperator dba
Creates the job and sets the notification to send an e-mail to the e-mail operator
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -Description 'Just another job' -Whatif
Doesn't create the job but shows what would happen.
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job 'Job One'
Creates a job with the name "Job One" on multiple servers
 
.EXAMPLE
"sql1", "sql2", "sql3" | New-DbaAgentJob -Job 'Job One'
Creates a job with the name "Job One" on multiple servers using the pipe line
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Job,
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [int[]]$ScheduleId,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [string]$Description,
        [int]$StartStepId,
        [string]$Category,
        [string]$OwnerLogin,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EventLogLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EmailLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$PageLevel,
        [string]$EmailOperator,
        [string]$NetsendOperator,
        [string]$PageOperator,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$DeleteLevel,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # Check of the event log level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($EventLogLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $EventLogLevel = switch ($EventLogLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the email level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($EmailLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $EmailLevel = switch ($EmailLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the net send level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($NetsendLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $NetsendLevel = switch ($NetsendLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the page level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($PageLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $PageLevel = switch ($PageLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the delete level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($DeleteLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $DeleteLevel = switch ($DeleteLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($EmailLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $EmailOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the e-mail operator when the e-mail level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($NetsendLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $NetsendOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the netsend operator when the netsend level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($PageLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $PageOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the page operator when the page level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check if the job already exists
            if (-not $Force -and ($server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -contains $Job)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Job $Job already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            elseif ($Force -and ($server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -contains $Job)) {
                Write-Message -Message "Job $Job already exists on $instance. Removing.." -Level Verbose

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the job $Job on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $Job -EnableException
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't remove job $Job from $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }

            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating the job on $instance")) {
                # Create the job object
                try {
                    $currentjob = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job($server.JobServer, $Job)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job. `n" -Target $Job -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                #region job options
                # Settings the options for the job
                if ($Disabled) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job to disabled" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.IsEnabled = $false
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job to enabled" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.IsEnabled = $true
                }

                if ($Description.Length -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job description" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.Description = $Description
                }

                if ($StartStepId -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job start step id" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.StartStepID = $StartStepId
                }

                if ($Category.Length -ge 1) {
                    # Check if the job category exists
                    if ($Category -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                        if ($Force) {
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating job category on $instance")) {
                                try {
                                    # Create the category
                                    New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $instance -Category $Category
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't create job category $Category from $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Job category $Category doesn't exist on $instance. Use -Force to create it." -Target $instance
                            return
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job category" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.Category = $Category
                    }
                }

                if ($OwnerLogin.Length -ge 1) {
                    # Check if the login name is present on the instance
                    if ($server.Logins.Name -contains $OwnerLogin) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job owner login name to $OwnerLogin" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.OwnerLoginName = $OwnerLogin
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "The owner $OwnerLogin does not exist on instance $instance" -Target $Job -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($EventLogLevel -ge 0) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job event log level" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.EventLogLevel = $EventLogLevel
                }

                if ($EmailOperator) {
                    if ($EmailLevel -ge 1) {
                        # Check if the operator name is present
                        if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $EmailOperator) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail level" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.EmailLevel = $EmailLevel

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail operator" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.OperatorToEmail = $EmailOperator
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The e-mail operator name $EmailOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $Job -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Invalid combination of e-mail operator name $EmailOperator and email level $EmailLevel. Not setting the notification." -Target $Job -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($NetsendOperator) {
                    if ($NetsendLevel -ge 1) {
                        # Check if the operator name is present
                        if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $NetsendOperator) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend level" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.NetSendLevel = $NetsendLevel

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend operator" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend = $NetsendOperator
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The netsend operator name $NetsendOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $Job -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Invalid combination of netsend operator name $NetsendOperator and netsend level $NetsendLevel. Not setting the notification."
                    }
                }

                if ($PageOperator) {
                    if ($PageLevel -ge 1) {
                        # Check if the operator name is present
                        if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $PageOperator) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager level" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.PageLevel = $PageLevel

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager operator" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.OperatorToPage = $PageOperator
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The page operator name $PageOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $Job -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Invalid combination of page operator name $PageOperator and page level $PageLevel. Not setting the notification." -Level Warning
                    }
                }

                if ($DeleteLevel -ge 0) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job delete level" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.DeleteLevel = $DeleteLevel
                }
                #endregion job options

                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Creating the job" -Level Verbose

                    # Create the job
                    $currentjob.Create()

                    Write-Message -Message "Job created with UID $($currentjob.JobID)" -Level Verbose

                    # Make sure the target is set for the job
                    Write-Message -Message "Applying the target (local) to job $Job" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.ApplyToTargetServer("(local)")

                    # If a schedule needs to be attached
                    if ($Schedule) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -Schedule $Schedule -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                    }

                    if ($ScheduleId) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -ScheduleId $ScheduleId -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job" -Target $currentjob -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            # Return the job
            return $currentjob
        }
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job(s)." -Level Verbose
    }

}
function New-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
New-DbaAgentJobCategory creates a new job category.
 
.DESCRIPTION
New-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to create a job category that can be used with jobs.
It returns an array of the job(s) created .
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Category
The name of the category
 
.PARAMETER CategoryType
The type of category. This can be "LocalJob", "MultiServerJob" or "None".
The default is "LocalJob" and will automatically be set when no option is chosen.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Category
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentJobCategory
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 1'
 
Creates a new job category with the name 'Category 1'.
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 2' -CategoryType MultiServerJob
 
Creates a new job category with the name 'Category 2' and assign the category type for a multi server job.
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [ValidateSet("LocalJob", "MultiServerJob", "None")]
        [string]$CategoryType,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check the category type
        if (-not $CategoryType) {
            # Setting category type to default
            Write-Message -Message "Setting the category type to 'LocalJob'" -Level Verbose
            $CategoryType = "LocalJob"
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($cat in $Category) {
                # Check if the category already exists
                if ($cat -in $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $cat already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding the job category $cat")) {
                        try {
                            $jobcategory = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobCategory($server.JobServer, $cat)
                            $jobcategory.CategoryType = $CategoryType

                            $jobcategory.Create()

                            $server.JobServer.Refresh()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job category $cat on $instance" -Target $cat -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                        }

                    } # if should process

                } # end else category exists

                # Return the job category
                Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $instance -Category $cat

            } # for each category

        } # for each instance
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
New-DbaAgentJobStep creates a new job step for a job
 
.DESCRIPTION
New-DbaAgentJobStep creates a new job in the SQL Server Agent for a specific job
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Job
The name of the job to which to add the step.
 
.PARAMETER StepId
The sequence identification number for the job step. Step identification numbers start at 1 and increment without gaps.
 
.PARAMETER StepName
The name of the step.
 
.PARAMETER SubSystem
The subsystem used by the SQL Server Agent service to execute command.
Allowed values 'ActiveScripting','AnalysisCommand','AnalysisQuery','CmdExec','Distribution','LogReader','Merge','PowerShell','QueueReader','Snapshot','Ssis','TransactSql'
The default is 'TransactSql'
 
.PARAMETER Command
The commands to be executed by SQLServerAgent service through subsystem.
 
.PARAMETER CmdExecSuccessCode
The value returned by a CmdExec subsystem command to indicate that command executed successfully.
 
.PARAMETER OnSuccessAction
The action to perform if the step succeeds.
Allowed values "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER OnSuccessStepId
The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step succeeds and OnSuccessAction is "GoToStep".
 
.PARAMETER OnFailAction
The action to perform if the step fails.
Allowed values "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER OnFailStepId
The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step fails and OnFailAction is "GoToNextStep".
 
.PARAMETER Database
The name of the database in which to execute a Transact-SQL step. The default is 'master'.
 
.PARAMETER DatabaseUser
The name of the user account to use when executing a Transact-SQL step.
 
.PARAMETER RetryAttempts
The number of retry attempts to use if this step fails. The default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER RetryInterval
The amount of time in minutes between retry attempts. The default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER OutputFileName
The name of the file in which the output of this step is saved.
 
.PARAMETER Flag
Sets the flag(s) for the job step.
 
Flag Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory Job history, including command output, is appended to the job history file.
AppendToJobHistory Job history is appended to the job history file.
AppendToLogFile Job history is appended to the SQL Server log file.
AppendToTableLog Job history is appended to a log table.
LogToTableWithOverwrite Job history is written to a log table, overwriting previous contents.
None Job history is not appended to a file.
ProvideStopProcessEvent Job processing is stopped.
 
.PARAMETER ProxyName
The name of the proxy that the job step runs as.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Step
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentJobStep
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1
Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 with the default subsystem TransactSql.
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the msdb
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the "msdb" for multiple servers
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1, Job2, 'Job Three' -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the "msdb" for multiple servers for multiple jobs
 
.EXAMPLE
sql1, sql2, sql3 | New-DbaAgentJobStep -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the "msdb" for multiple servers using pipeline
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$StepId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$StepName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('ActiveScripting', 'AnalysisCommand', 'AnalysisQuery', 'CmdExec', 'Distribution', 'LogReader', 'Merge', 'PowerShell', 'QueueReader', 'Snapshot', 'Ssis', 'TransactSql')]
        [string]$Subsystem = 'TransactSql',
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$Command,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$CmdExecSuccessCode,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnSuccessAction = 'QuitWithSuccess',
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$OnSuccessStepId = 0,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnFailAction = 'QuitWithFailure',
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$OnFailStepId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object]$Database,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$DatabaseUser,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RetryAttempts,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RetryInterval,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$OutputFileName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory', 'AppendToJobHistory', 'AppendToLogFile', 'LogToTableWithOverwrite', 'None', 'ProvideStopProcessEvent')]
        [string[]]$Flag,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$ProxyName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnSuccessAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnSuccessStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnSuccessStepId can only be used with OnSuccessAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnFailAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnFailStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnFailStepId can only be used with OnFailAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Warning
                }
                else {
                    # Create the job step object
                    try {
                        # Get the job
                        $currentjob = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]

                        # Create the job step
                        $JobStep = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobStep

                        # Set the job where the job steps belongs to
                        $JobStep.Parent = $currentjob
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job step" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    #region job step options
                    # Setting the options for the job step
                    if ($StepName) {
                        # Check if the step already exists
                        if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -notcontains $StepName) {
                            $JobStep.Name = $StepName
                        }
                        elseif (($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -contains $StepName) -and $Force) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Step $StepName already exists for job. Force is used. Removing existing step" -Level Verbose

                            # Remove the job step based on the name
                            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -StepName $StepName

                            # Set the name job step object
                            $JobStep.Name = $StepName
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The step name $StepName already exists for job $j" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    elseif ($StepId) {
                        # Check if the used step id is already in place
                        if ($Job.JobSteps.ID -notcontains $StepId) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step step id to $StepId" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.ID = $StepId
                        }
                        elseif (($Job.JobSteps.ID -contains $StepId) -and $Force) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Step ID $StepId already exists for job. Force is used. Removing existing step" -Level Verbose

                            # Remove the existing job step
                            $StepName = ($Server.JobServer.Jobs['Job2'].JobSteps | Where-Object {$_.ID -eq 1}).Name
                            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -StepName $StepName

                            # Set the ID job step object
                            $JobStep.ID = $StepId
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The step id $StepId already exists for job $j" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        # Get the job step count
                        $JobStep.ID = $Job.JobSteps.Count + 1
                    }

                    if ($Subsystem) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step subsystem to $Subsystem" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.Subsystem = $Subsystem
                    }

                    if ($Command) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command to $Command" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.Command = $Command
                    }

                    if ($CmdExecSuccessCode) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command exec success code to $CmdExecSuccessCode" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.CommandExecutionSuccessCode = $CmdExecSuccessCode
                    }

                    if ($OnSuccessAction) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success action to $OnSuccessAction" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnSuccessAction = $OnSuccessAction
                    }

                    if ($OnSuccessStepId) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success step id to $OnSuccessStepId" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnSuccessStep = $OnSuccessStepId
                    }

                    if ($OnFailAction) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail action to $OnFailAction" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnFailAction = $OnFailAction
                    }

                    if ($OnFailStepId) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail step id to $OnFailStepId" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnFailStep = $OnFailStepId
                    }

                    if ($Database) {
                        # Check if the database is present on the server
                        if ($Server.Databases.Name -contains $Database) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database name to $Database" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.DatabaseName = $Database
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The database is not present on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($DatabaseUser -and $DatabaseName) {
                        # Check if the username is present in the database
                        if ($Server.Databases[$DatabaseName].Users.Name -contains $DatabaseUser) {

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database username to $DatabaseUser" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.DatabaseUserName = $DatabaseUser
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The database user is not present in the database $DatabaseName on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($RetryAttempts) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry attempts to $RetryAttempts" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.RetryAttempts = $RetryAttempts
                    }

                    if ($RetryInterval) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry interval to $RetryInterval" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.RetryInterval = $RetryInterval
                    }

                    if ($OutputFileName) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step output file name to $OutputFileName" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OutputFileName = $OutputFileName
                    }

                    if ($ProxyName) {
                        # Check if the proxy exists
                        if ($Server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Name -contains $ProxyName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step proxy name to $ProxyName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.ProxyName = $ProxyName
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The proxy name $ProxyName doesn't exist on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($Flag.Count -ge 1) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step flag(s) to $($Flags -join ',')" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.JobStepFlags = $Flag
                    }
                    #endregion job step options

                    # Execute
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating the job step $StepName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Creating the job step" -Level Verbose

                            # Create the job step
                            $JobStep.Create()
                            $currentjob.Alter()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job step" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    # Return the job step
                    $JobStep
                }
            } # foreach object job
        } # foreach object instance
    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job step(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}

function New-DbaAgentProxy {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Adds one or more proxies to SQL Server Agent
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        Adds one or more proxies to SQL Server Agent
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance holding the databases to be removed.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the proxy or proxies you want to create
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
        The associated SQL Server Credential. The credential must be created prior to creating the Proxy.
 
        .PARAMETER SubSystem
        The associated subsystem or subsystems. Defaults to CmdExec.
 
        Valid options include:
        ActiveScripting
        AnalysisCommand
        AnalysisQuery
        CmdExec
        Distribution
        LogReader
        Merge
        PowerShell
        QueueReader
        Snapshot
        Ssis
        TransactSql
 
        .PARAMETER Description
        A description of the proxy
 
        .PARAMETER Login
        The SQL Server login or logins (known as proxy principals) to assign to the proxy
 
        .PARAMETER ServerRole
        The SQL Server role or roles (known as proxy principals) to assign to the proxy
 
        .PARAMETER MsdbRole
        The msdb role or roles (known as proxy principals) to assign to the proxy
 
        .PARAMETER Disabled
        Create the proxy as disabled
 
        .PARAMETER Force
        Drop and recreate the proxy if it already exists
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Proxy
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentProxy
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaAgentProxy -SqlInstance sql2016 -Name STIG -Credential 'PowerShell Proxy'
 
        Creates an Agent Proxy on sql2016 with the name STIG with the 'PowerShell Proxy' credential.
        The proxy is automatically added to the CmdExec subsystem.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaAgentProxy -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016 -Name STIG -Credential 'PowerShell Proxy' -Description "Used for auditing purposes" -Login ad\sqlstig -SubSystem CmdExec, PowerShell -ServerRole securtyadmin -MsdbRole ServerGroupAdministratorRole
 
        Creates an Agent Proxy on sql2016 with the name STIG with the 'PowerShell Proxy' credential and the following principals:
 
        Login: ad\sqlstig
        ServerRole: securtyadmin
        MsdbRole: ServerGroupAdministratorRole
 
        By default, only sysadmins have access to create job steps with proxies. This will allow 3 additional principals access:
        The proxy is then added to the CmdExec and PowerShell subsystems
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Name,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Credential,
        [ValidateSet("ActiveScripting", "AnalysisCommand", "AnalysisQuery", "CmdExec", "Distribution", "LogReader", "Merge", "PowerShell", "QueueReader", "Snapshot", "Ssis", "TransactSql")]
        [string[]]$SubSystem = "CmdExec",
        [string]$Description,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$ServerRole,
        [string[]]$MsdbRole,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $jobServer = $server.JobServer
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure. Is SQL Agent started?" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($proxyname in $name) {

                if ($jobServer.ProxyAccounts[$proxyName]) {
                    if ($force) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Dropping $proxyname")) {
                            $jobServer.ProxyAccounts[$proxyName].Drop()
                            $jobServer.ProxyAccounts.Refresh()
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Proxy account $proxy already exists on $instance. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        continue
                    }
                }

                if (-not $server.Credentials[$Credential]) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Credential '$Credential' does not exist on $instance"
                    continue
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding $proxyname with the $Credential credential")) {
                    # the new-object is stubborn and $true/$false has to be forced in
                    $enabled = switch ($disabled) {
                        $false {
                            $proxy = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.ProxyAccount -ArgumentList $jobServer, $ProxyName, $Credential, $true, $Description
                        }
                        $true {
                            $proxy = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.ProxyAccount -ArgumentList $jobServer, $ProxyName, $Credential, $false, $Description
                        }
                    }

                    try {
                        $proxy.Create()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not create proxy account" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }

                foreach ($loginname in $login) {
                    if ($server.Logins[$loginname]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding login $loginname to proxy")) {
                            $proxy.AddLogin($loginname)
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Login '$loginname' does not exist on $instance"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($role in $ServerRole) {
                    if ($server.Roles[$role]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding server role $role to proxy")) {
                            $proxy.AddServerRole($role)
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server Role '$role' does not exist on $instance"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($role in $MsdbRole) {
                    if ($server.Databases['msdb'].Roles[$role]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding msdb role $role to proxy")) {
                            $proxy.AddMsdbRole($role)
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "msdb role '$role' does not exist on $instance"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($system in $SubSystem) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding subsystem $system to proxy")) {
                        $proxy.AddSubSystem($system)
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Outputting Proxy object")) {
                    $proxy.Alter()
                    $proxy.Refresh()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Logins -value $proxy.EnumLogins()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ServerRoles -value $proxy.EnumServerRoles()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MsdbRoles -value $proxy.EnumMsdbRoles()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Subsystems -value $proxy.EnumSubSystems()

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $proxy -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, CredentialName, CredentialIdentity, Description, Logins, ServerRoles, MsdbRoles, SubSystems, IsEnabled
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            New-DbaAgentSchedule creates a new schedule in the msdb database.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            New-DbaAgentSchedule will help create a new schedule for a job.
            If the job parameter is not supplied the schedule will not be attached to a job.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
            To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The name of the job that has the schedule.
 
        .PARAMETER Schedule
            The name of the schedule.
 
        .PARAMETER Disabled
            Set the schedule to disabled. Default is enabled
 
        .PARAMETER FrequencyType
            A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
 
            Allowed values: Once, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, MonthlyRelative, AgentStart or IdleComputer
 
            If force is used the default will be "Once".
 
        .PARAMETER FrequencyInterval
            The days that a job is executed
 
            Allowed values: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Weekdays, Weekend or EveryDay.
            The other allowed values are the numbers 1 to 31 for each day of the month.
 
            If "Weekdays", "Weekend" or "EveryDay" is used it over writes any other value that has been passed before.
 
            If force is used the default will be 1.
 
        .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayType
            Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
 
            Allowed values: Time, Seconds, Minutes, or Hours
 
        .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayInterval
            The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of a job.
 
        .PARAMETER FrequencyRelativeInterval
            A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).
 
            Allowed values: First, Second, Third, Fourth or Last
 
        .PARAMETER FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
            The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job.
 
            FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is "Weekly", "Monthly" or "MonthlyRelative".
 
        .PARAMETER StartDate
            The date on which execution of a job can begin.
 
            If force is used the start date will be the current day
 
        .PARAMETER EndDate
            The date on which execution of a job can stop.
 
            If force is used the end date will be '9999-12-31'
 
        .PARAMETER StartTime
            The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
            Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
            Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
            If force is used the start time will be '00:00:00'
 
        .PARAMETER EndTime
            The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
            Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
            Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
            If force is used the start time will be '23:59:59'
 
        .PARAMETER Owner
            The name of the server principal that owns the schedule. If no value is given the schedule is owned by the creator.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
            It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Job, Job Step
            Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentSchedule
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance localhost\SQL2016 -Schedule daily -FrequencyType Daily -FrequencyInterval Everyday -Force
 
            Creates a schedule with a daily frequency every day. It assumes default values for the start date, start time, end date and end time due to -Force.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sstad-pc -Schedule MonthlyTest -FrequencyType Monthly -FrequencyInterval 10 -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor 1 -Force
 
            Create a schedule with a monhtly frequency occuring every 10th of the month. It assumes default values for the start date, start time, end date and end time due to -Force.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object]$Schedule,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [ValidateSet('Once', 'Daily', 'Weekly', 'Monthly', 'MonthlyRelative', 'AgentStart', 'IdleComputer')]
        [object]$FrequencyType,
        [ValidateSet('EveryDay', 'Weekdays', 'Weekend', 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)]
        [object[]]$FrequencyInterval,
        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$FrequencySubdayType,
        [int]$FrequencySubdayInterval,
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$FrequencyRelativeInterval,
        [int]$FrequencyRecurrenceFactor,
        [string]$StartDate,
        [string]$EndDate,
        [string]$StartTime,
        [string]$EndTime,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # if a Schedule is not provided there is no much point
        if (!$Schedule) {
            Stop-Function -Message "A schedule was not provided! Please provide a schedule name."
            return
        }

        [int]$Interval = 0

        # Translate FrequencyType value from string to the integer value
        if (!$FrequencyType -or $FrequencyType) {
            [int]$FrequencyType =
            switch ($FrequencyType) {
                "Once" { 1 }
                "Daily" { 4 }
                "Weekly" { 8 }
                "Monthly" { 16 }
                "MonthlyRelative" { 32 }
                "AgentStart" { 64 }
                "IdleComputer" { 128 }
                default { 1 }
            }
        }

        # Translate FrequencySubdayType value from string to the integer value
        if (!$FrequencySubdayType -or $FrequencySubdayType) {
            [int]$FrequencySubdayType =
            switch ($FrequencySubdayType) {
                "Time" { 1 }
                "Seconds" { 2 }
                "Minutes" { 4 }
                "Hours" { 8 }
                default { 1 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the relative FrequencyInterval value is of type string and set the integer value
        [int]$FrequencyRelativeInterval =
        switch ($FrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            "First" { 1 }
            "Second" { 2 }
            "Third" { 4 }
            "Fourth" { 8 }
            "Last" { 16 }
            "Unused" { 0 }
            default {0}
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid
        if (($FrequencyType -in 4, "Daily") -and (($FrequencyInterval -lt 1 -or $FrequencyInterval -ge 365) -and -not $FrequencyInterval -eq "EveryDay")) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The frequency interval $FrequencyInterval requires a frequency interval to be between 1 and 365." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check if the recurrence factor is set for weekly or monthly interval
        if (($FrequencyType -in (16, 8)) -and $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -lt 1) {
            if ($Force) {
                $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 1
                Write-Message -Message "Recurrence factor not set for weekly or monthly interval. Setting it to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor." -Level Verbose
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The recurrence factor $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor (parameter FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) needs to be at least one when using a weekly or monthly interval." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($FrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 'Seconds' or 'Minutes'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif (($FrequencySubdayType -eq 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 'Hours'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the daily FrequencyType
        if ($FrequencyType -in 4, 'Daily') {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            switch ($FrequencyInterval) {
                "EveryDay" { $Interval = 1}
                default {$Interval = 1 }
            }

        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the weekly FrequencyType
        if ($FrequencyType -in 8, 'Weekly') {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Loop through the array
            foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {

                switch ($Item) {
                    "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                    "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                    "Tuesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                    "Wednesday" { $Interval += 8 }
                    "Thursday" { $Interval += 16 }
                    "Friday" { $Interval += 32 }
                    "Saturday" { $Interval += 64 }
                    "Weekdays" { $Interval = 62 }
                    "Weekend" { $Interval = 65 }
                    "EveryDay" {$Interval = 127 }
                    1 { $Interval += 1 }
                    2 { $Interval += 2 }
                    4 { $Interval += 4 }
                    8 { $Interval += 8 }
                    16 { $Interval += 16 }
                    32 { $Interval += 32 }
                    64 { $Interval += 64 }
                    62 { $Interval = 62 }
                    65 { $Interval = 65 }
                    127 {$Interval = 127 }
                    default { $Interval = 0 }
                }
            }
        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the monthly FrequencyInterval
        if ($FrequencyType -in 16, 'Monthly') {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Loop through the array
            foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                $FrequencyInterval
                switch ($Item) {
                    {[int]$_ -ge 1 -and [int]$_ -le 31} { $Interval = [int]$Item }
                }
            }


        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the relative monthly FrequencyInterval
        if ($FrequencyType -eq 32) {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Loop through the array
            foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                switch ($Item) {
                    "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                    "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                    "Tuesday" { $Interval += 3 }
                    "Wednesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                    "Thursday" { $Interval += 5 }
                    "Friday" { $Interval += 6 }
                    "Saturday" { $Interval += 7 }
                    "Day" { $Interval += 8 }
                    "Weekday" { $Interval += 9 }
                    "WeekendDay" { $Interval += 10 }
                    1 { $Interval += 1 }
                    2 { $Interval += 2 }
                    3 { $Interval += 3 }
                    4 { $Interval += 4 }
                    5 { $Interval += 5 }
                    6 { $Interval += 6 }
                    7 { $Interval += 7 }
                    8 { $Interval += 8 }
                    9 { $Interval += 9 }
                    10 { $Interval += 10 }
                }
            }
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid for the frequency
        if ($FrequencyType -eq 0) {
            if ($Force) {
                Write-Message -Message "Parameter FrequencyType must be set to at least [Once]. Setting it to 'Once'." -Level Warning
                $FrequencyType = 1
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parameter FrequencyType must be set to at least [Once]" -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid for the frequency
        if (($FrequencyType -in 4, 8, 32) -and ($Interval -lt 1)) {
            if ($Force) {
                Write-Message -Message "Parameter FrequencyInterval must be provided for a recurring schedule. Setting it to first day of the week." -Level Warning
                $Interval = 1
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parameter FrequencyInterval must be provided for a recurring schedule." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Setup the regex
        $RegexDate = '(?<!\d)(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:(?:0[13578]|1[02])31)|(?:(?:0[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(?:29|30)))|(?:(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00)))0229)|(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(?:0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))(?!\d)'
        $RegexTime = '^(?:(?:([01]?\d|2[0-3]))?([0-5]?\d))?([0-5]?\d)$'

        # Check the start date
        if (-not $StartDate -and $Force) {
            $StartDate = Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd'
            Write-Message -Message "Start date was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $StartDate" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif (-not $StartDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter a start date or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($StartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start date $StartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end date
        if (-not $EndDate -and $Force) {
            $EndDate = '99991231'
            Write-Message -Message "End date was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $EndDate" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif (-not $EndDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter an end date or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        elseif ($EndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($EndDate -lt $StartDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate cannot be before start date $StartDate" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the start time
        if (-not $StartTime -and $Force) {
            $StartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Start time was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $StartTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif (-not $StartTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter a start time or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($StartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start time $StartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end time
        if (-not $EndTime -and $Force) {
            $EndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "End time was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $EndTime" -Level Verbose
        }
        elseif (-not $EndTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter an end time or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($EndTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End time $EndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check if the jobs parameter is set
            if ($Job) {
                # Loop through each of the jobs
                foreach ($j in $Job) {

                    # Check if the job exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Level Warning
                    }
                    else {
                        # Create the job schedule object
                        try {
                            # Get the job
                            $smoJob = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]

                            # Check if schedule already exists with the same name
                            if ($Server.JobServer.JobSchedules.Name -contains $Schedule) {
                                # Check if force is set which will remove the other schedule
                                if ($Force) {
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the schedule $Schedule on $instance")) {
                                        # Removing schedule
                                        Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Schedule $Schedule -Force:$Force
                                    }
                                }
                                else {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $Schedule already exists for job $j on instance $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }

                            # Create the job schedule
                            $JobSchedule = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobSchedule($smoJob, $Schedule)

                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job schedule $Schedule for job $j." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }

                        #region job schedule options
                        if ($Disabled) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to disabled" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $false
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to enabled" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $true
                        }

                        if ($Interval -ge 0) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency interval to $Interval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyInterval = $Interval
                        }

                        if ($FrequencyType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency to $FrequencyType" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyTypes = $FrequencyType
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday type to $FrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayTypes = $FrequencySubdayType
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday interval to $FrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayInterval = $FrequencySubdayInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -eq 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency relative interval to $FrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals = $FrequencyRelativeInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -in 8, 16, 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency recurrence factor to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
                        }

                        if ($StartDate) {
                            $StartDate = $StartDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start date to $StartDate" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartDate = $StartDate
                        }

                        if ($EndDate) {
                            $EndDate = $EndDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end date to $EndDate" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveEndDate = $EndDate
                        }

                        if ($StartTime) {
                            $StartTime = $StartTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start time to $StartTime" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $StartTime
                        }

                        if ($EndTime) {
                            $EndTime = $EndTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end time to $EndTime" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveEndTimeOfDay = $EndTime
                        }
                        #endregion job schedule options

                        # Create the schedule
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Adding the schedule $Schedule to job $j on $instance")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Adding the schedule $Schedule to job $j" -Level Verbose
                                #$JobSchedule
                                $JobSchedule.Create()

                                Write-Message -Message "Job schedule created with UID $($JobSchedule.ScheduleUid)" -Level Verbose
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong adding the schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

                            }

                            # Output the job schedule
                            return $JobSchedule
                        }
                    }
                } # foreach object job
            } # end if job
            else {
                # Create the schedule
                $JobSchedule = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobSchedule($Server.JobServer, $Schedule)

                #region job schedule options
                if ($Disabled) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to disabled" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $false
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to enabled" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $true
                }

                if ($Interval -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency interval to $Interval" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyInterval = $Interval
                }

                if ($FrequencyType -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency to $FrequencyType" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyTypes = $FrequencyType
                }

                if ($FrequencySubdayType -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday type to $FrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayTypes = $FrequencySubdayType
                }

                if ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday interval to $FrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayInterval = $FrequencySubdayInterval
                }

                if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -eq 32)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency relative interval to $FrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals = $FrequencyRelativeInterval
                }

                if (($FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -in 8, 16, 32)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency recurrence factor to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
                }

                if ($StartDate) {
                    $StartDate = $StartDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start date to $StartDate" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveStartDate = $StartDate
                }

                if ($EndDate) {
                    $EndDate = $EndDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end date to $EndDate" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveEndDate = $EndDate
                }

                if ($StartTime) {
                    $StartTime = $StartTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start time to $StartTime" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $StartTime
                }

                if ($EndTime) {
                    $EndTime = $EndTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end time to $EndTime" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveEndTimeOfDay = $EndTime
                }

                # Create the schedule
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Adding the schedule $schedule on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding the schedule $JobSchedule on instance $instance" -Level Verbose

                        $JobSchedule.Create()

                        Write-Message -Message "Job schedule created with UID $($JobSchedule.ScheduleUid)" -Level Verbose
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong adding the schedule." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    # Output the job schedule
                    return $JobSchedule
                }
            }
        } # foreach object instance
    } #process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job schedule(s)." -Level Verbose
    }
}
function New-DbaClientAlias {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Creates/updates a sql alias for the specified server - mimics cliconfg.exe
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Creates/updates a SQL Server alias by altering HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The target computer where the alias will be created
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Allows you to login to remote computers using alternative credentials
 
    .PARAMETER ServerName
    The target SQL Server
 
    .PARAMETER Alias
    The alias to be created
 
    .PARAMETER Protocol
    The protocol for the connection, either TCPIP or NetBIOS. Defaults to TCPIP.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Alias
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/New-DbaClientAlias
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbaClientAlias -ServerName sqlcluster\sharepoint -Alias sp
    Creates a new TCP alias on the local workstation called sp, which points sqlcluster\sharepoint
 
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbaClientAlias -ServerName 'sqlcluster,14443' -Alias spinstance
    Creates a new TCP alias on the local workstation called spinstance, which points to sqlcluster, port 14443.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbaClientAlias -ServerName sqlcluster\sharepoint -Alias sp -Protocol NamedPipes
    Creates a new NamedPipes alias on the local workstation called sp, which points sqlcluster\sharepoint
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ServerName,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Alias,
        [ValidateSet("TCPIP", "NamedPipes")]
        [string]$Protocol = "TCPIP",
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # This is a script block so cannot use messaging system
        $scriptblock = {
            $basekeys = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\MSSQLServer", "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer"
            $ServerName = $args[0]
            $Alias = $args[1]
            $serverstring = $args[2]

            if ($env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE -like "*64*") { $64bit = $true }

            foreach ($basekey in $basekeys) {
                if ($64bit -ne $true -and $basekey -like "*WOW64*") { continue }

                if ((Test-Path $basekey) -eq $false) {
                    throw "Base key ($basekey) does not exist. Quitting."
                }

                $client = "$basekey\Client"

                if ((Test-Path $client) -eq $false) {
                    # "Creating $client key"
                    $null = New-Item -Path $client -Force
                }

                $connect = "$client\ConnectTo"

                if ((Test-Path $connect) -eq $false) {
                    # "Creating $connect key"
                    $null = New-Item -Path $connect -Force
                }

                if ($basekey -like "*WOW64*") {
                    $architecture = "32-bit"
                }
                else {
                    $architecture = "64-bit"
                }

                # Write-Verbose "Creating/updating alias for $ComputerName for $architecture"
                $null = New-ItemProperty -Path $connect -Name $Alias -Value $serverstring -PropertyType String -Force
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($protocol -eq "TCPIP") {
            $serverstring = "DBMSSOCN,$ServerName"
        }
        else {
            $serverstring = "DBNMPNTW,\\$ServerName\pipe\sql\query"
        }

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {

            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Adding $alias")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop -ArgumentList $ServerName, $Alias, $serverstring
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        Get-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential | Where-Object AliasName -eq $Alias
    }
}
function New-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Generates a connection object for use in remote computer management.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Generates a connection object for use in remote computer management.
            Those objects are used for the purpose of cim/wmi queries, caching which protocol worked, optimizing performance and minimizing authentication errors.
 
            New-DbaCmConnection will create a NEW object and overwrite any existing ones for the specified computer.
            Furthermore, information stored in the input beyond the computername will be discarded in favor of the new settings.
 
            Unless the connection cache has been disabled, all connections will automatically be registered in the cache, so no further action is necessary.
            The output is primarily for information purposes, however it may be used to pass objects and circumvent the cache with those.
 
            NOTE: Generally, this function need not be used, as a first connection to a computer using any connecting function such as "Get-DbaCmObject" will automatically register a new default connection for it.
 
            This function exists to be able to preconfigure connections.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The computer to build the connection object for.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            The credential to register.
 
        .PARAMETER UseWindowsCredentials
            Whether using the default windows credentials is legit.
            Not setting this will not exclude using windows credentials, but only not pre-confirm them as working.
 
        .PARAMETER OverrideExplicitCredential
            Setting this will enable the credential override.
            The override will cause the system to ignore explicitly specified credentials, so long as known, good credentials are available.
 
        .PARAMETER DisabledConnectionTypes
            Exlicitly disable connection types.
            These types will then not be used for connecting to the computer.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableBadCredentialCache
            Will prevent the caching of credentials if set to true.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableCimPersistence
            Will prevent Cim-Sessions to be reused.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableCredentialAutoRegister
            Will prevent working credentials from being automatically cached
 
        .PARAMETER EnableCredentialFailover
            Will enable automatic failing over to known to work credentials, when using bad credentials.
            By default, passing bad credentials will cause the Computer Management functions to interrupt with a warning (Or exception if in silent mode).
 
        .PARAMETER WindowsCredentialsAreBad
            Will prevent the windows credentials of the currently logged on user from being used for the remote connection.
 
        .PARAMETER CimWinRMOptions
            Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over WinRM.
            Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.
 
        .PARAMETER CimDCOMOptions
            Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over DCOM.
            Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ComputerManagement
            Author: Fred Winmann (@FredWeinmann)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaCmConnection
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014 -UseWindowsCredentials -OverrideExplicitCredential -DisabledConnectionTypes CimRM
 
            Returns a new configuration object for connecting to the computer sql2014.
            - The current user credentials are set as valid
            - The connection is configured to ignore explicit credentials (so all connections use the windows credentials)
            - The connections will not try using CIM over WinRM
 
            Unless caching is globally disabled, this is automatically stored in the connection cache and will be applied automatically.
            In that (the default) case, the output is for information purposes only and need not be used.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-Content computers.txt | New-DbaCmConnection -Credential $cred -CimWinRMOptions $options -DisableBadCredentialCache -OverrideExplicitCredential
 
            Gathers a list of computers from a text file, then creates and registers connections for each of them, setting them to ...
            - use the credentials stored in $cred
            - use the opzions stored in $options when connecting using CIM over WinRM
            - not store credentials that are known to not work
            - to ignore explicitly specified credentials
 
            Essentially, this configures all connections to those computers to prefer failure with the specified credentials over using alternative credentials.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Credential')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Windows")]
        [switch]
        $UseWindowsCredentials,
        [switch]
        $OverrideExplicitCredential,
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType]
        $DisabledConnectionTypes = 'None',
        [switch]
        $DisableBadCredentialCache,
        [switch]
        $DisableCimPersistence,
        [switch]
        $DisableCredentialAutoRegister,
        [switch]
        $EnableCredentialFailover,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [switch]
        $WindowsCredentialsAreBad,
        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.WSManSessionOptions]
        $CimWinRMOptions,
        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.DComSessionOptions]
        $CimDCOMOptions,
        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting execution"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $disable_cache = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.All' -Fallback $false
    }
    process {
        foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret computername input: $($connectionObject.InputObject)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.InputObject -Continue }
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing computer: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection

            $connection = New-Object -TypeName Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnection -ArgumentList $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
            if (Test-Bound "Credential") { $connection.Credentials = $Credential }
            if (Test-Bound "UseWindowsCredentials") {
                $connection.Credentials = $null
                $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $UseWindowsCredentials
            }
            if (Test-Bound "OverrideExplicitCredential") { $connection.OverrideExplicitCredential = $OverrideExplicitCredential }
            if (Test-Bound "DisabledConnectionTypes") { $connection.DisabledConnectionTypes = $DisabledConnectionTypes }
            if (Test-Bound "DisableBadCredentialCache") { $connection.DisableBadCredentialCache = $DisableBadCredentialCache }
            if (Test-Bound "DisableCimPersistence") { $connection.DisableCimPersistence = $DisableCimPersistence }
            if (Test-Bound "DisableCredentialAutoRegister") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $DisableCredentialAutoRegister }
            if (Test-Bound "EnableCredentialFailover") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $EnableCredentialFailover }
            if (Test-Bound "WindowsCredentialsAreBad") { $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $WindowsCredentialsAreBad }
            if (Test-Bound "CimWinRMOptions") { $connection.CimWinRMOptions = $CimWinRMOptions }
            if (Test-Bound "CimDCOMOptions") { $connection.CimDCOMOptions = $CimDCOMOptions }

            if (-not $disable_cache) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing connection to cache"
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName] = $connection
            }
            else { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping writing to cache, since the cache has been disabled!" }
            $connection
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Stopping execution"
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Creates a new computer certificate useful for Forcing Encryption
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Creates a new computer certificate - self-signed or signed by an Active Directory CA, using the Web Server certificate.
 
            By default, a key with a length of 1024 and a friendly name of the machines FQDN is generated.
 
            This command was originally intended to help automate the process so that SSL certificates can be available for enforcing encryption on connections.
 
            It makes a lot of assumptions - namely, that your account is allowed to auto-enroll and that you have permission to do everything it needs to do ;)
 
            References:
            http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/7-steps-ssl-encryption
            https://azurebi.jppp.org/2016/01/23/using-lets-encrypt-certificates-for-secure-sql-server-connections/
            https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlserverfaq/2016/09/26/creating-and-registering-ssl-certificates/
 
            The certificate is generated using AD's webserver SSL template on the client machine and pushed to the remote machine.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target SQL Server - defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must also specify ClusterInstanceName (see below)
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER CaServer
            Optional - the CA Server where the request will be sent to
 
        .PARAMETER CaName
            The properly formatted CA name of the corresponding CaServer
 
        .PARAMETER ClusterInstanceName
            When creating certs for a cluster, use this parameter to create the certificate for the cluster node name. Use ComputerName for each of the nodes.
 
        .PARAMETER Password
            Password to encrypt/decrypt private key for export to remote machine
 
        .PARAMETER FriendlyName
            The FriendlyName listed in the certificate. This defaults to the FQDN of the $ComputerName
 
        .PARAMETER CertificateTemplate
            The domain's Certificate Template - WebServer by default.
 
        .PARAMETER KeyLength
            The length of the key - defaults to 1024
 
        .PARAMETER Store
            Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine
 
        .PARAMETER Folder
            Certificate folder - defaults to My (Personal)
 
        .PARAMETER Dns
            Specify the Dns entries listed in SAN. By default, it will be ComputerName + FQDN, or in the case of clusters, clustername + cluster FQDN.
 
        .PARAMETER SelfSigned
            Creates a self-signed certificate. All other parameters can still apply except CaServer and CaName because the command does not go and get the certificate signed.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Certificate
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaComputerCertificate
 
            Creates a computer certificate signed by the local domain CA for the local machine with the keylength of 1024.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1
 
            Creates a computer certificate signed by the local domain CA _on the local machine_ for server1 with the keylength of 1024.
 
            The certificate is then copied to the new machine over WinRM and imported.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sqla, sqlb -ClusterInstanceName sqlcluster -KeyLength 4096
 
            Creates a computer certificate for sqlcluster, signed by the local domain CA, with the keylength of 4096.
 
            The certificate is then copied to sqla _and_ sqlb over WinRM and imported.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were run
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaComputerCertificate -SelfSigned
 
            Creates a self-signed certificate
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$CaServer,
        [string]$CaName,
        [string]$ClusterInstanceName,
        [securestring]$Password,
        [string]$FriendlyName = "SQL Server",
        [string]$CertificateTemplate = "WebServer",
        [int]$KeyLength = 1024,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [string[]]$Dns,
        [switch]$SelfSigned,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $englishCodes = 9, 1033, 2057, 3081, 4105, 5129, 6153, 7177, 8201, 9225
        if ($englishCodes -notcontains (Get-DbaCmObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSLanguage) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Currently, this command is only supported in English OS locales. OS Locale detected: $([System.Globalization.CultureInfo]::GetCultureInfo([int](Get-DbaCmObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSLanguage).DisplayName)`nWe apologize for the inconvenience and look into providing universal language support in future releases."
            return
        }

        if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME)) {
            return
        }

        function GetHexLength {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param(
                [int]$strLen
            )
            $hex = [String]::Format("{0:X2}", $strLen)

            if ($strLen -gt 127) { [String]::Format("{0:X2}", 128 + ($hex.Length / 2)) + $hex }
            else { $hex }
        }

        function Get-SanExt {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param(
                [string[]]$hostName
            )
            # thanks to Lincoln of
            # https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/f568edfa-7f93-46a4-aab9-a06151592dd9/converting-ascii-to-asn1-der

            $temp = ''
            foreach ($fqdn in $hostName) {
                # convert each character of fqdn to hex
                $hexString = ($fqdn.ToCharArray() | ForEach-Object { [String]::Format("{0:X2}", [int]$_) }) -join ''

                # length of hex fqdn, in hex
                $hexLength = GetHexLength ($hexString.Length / 2)

                # concatenate special code 82, hex length, hex string
                $temp += "82${hexLength}${hexString}"
            }
            # calculate total length of concatenated string, in hex
            $totalHexLength = GetHexLength ($temp.Length / 2)
            # concatenate special code 30, hex length, hex string
            $temp = "30${totalHexLength}${temp}"
            # convert to binary
            $bytes = $(
                for ($i = 0; $i -lt $temp.Length; $i += 2) {
                    [byte]"0x$($temp.SubString($i, 2))"
                }
            )
            # convert to base 64
            $base64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes)
            # output in proper format
            for ($i = 0; $i -lt $base64.Length; $i += 64) {
                $line = $base64.SubString($i, [Math]::Min(64, $base64.Length - $i))
                if ($i -eq 0) { "2.5.29.17=$line" }
                else { "_continue_=$line" }
            }
        }

        if ((!$CaServer -or !$CaName) -and !$SelfSigned) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No CaServer or CaName specified. Performing lookup."
                # hat tip Vadims Podans
                $domain = ([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).Name
                $domain = "DC=" + $domain -replace '\.', ", DC="
                $pks = [ADSI]"LDAP://CN=Enrollment Services, CN=Public Key Services, CN=Services, CN=Configuration, $domain"
                $cas = $pks.psBase.Children

                $allCas = @()
                foreach ($ca in $cas) {
                    $allCas += [pscustomobject]@{
                        CA       = $ca | ForEach-Object { $_.Name }
                        Computer = $ca | ForEach-Object { $_.DNSHostName }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Active Directory or find the Certificate Authority" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if (!$CaServer) {
                $CaServer = ($allCas | Select-Object -First 1).Computer
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Root Server: $CaServer"
            }

            if (!$CaName) {
                $CaName = ($allCas | Select-Object -First 1).CA
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Root CA name: $CaName"
            }
        }

        $tempDir = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $certTemplate = "CertificateTemplate:$CertificateTemplate"
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

            if (!$secondaryNode) {

                if ($ClusterInstanceName) {
                    if ($ClusterInstanceName -notmatch "\.") {
                        $fqdn = "$ClusterInstanceName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
                    }
                    else {
                        $fqdn = $ClusterInstanceName
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -WarningAction SilentlyContinue

                    if (!$resolved) {
                        $fqdn = "$ComputerName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server name cannot be resolved. Guessing it's $fqdn"
                    }
                    else {
                        $fqdn = $resolved.fqdn
                    }
                }

                $certDir = "$tempDir\$fqdn"
                $certCfg = "$certDir\request.inf"
                $certCsr = "$certDir\$fqdn.csr"
                $certCrt = "$certDir\$fqdn.crt"
                $certPfx = "$certDir\$fqdn.pfx"
                $tempPfx = "$certDir\temp-$fqdn.pfx"

                if (Test-Path($certDir)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Deleting files from $certDir"
                    $null = Remove-Item "$certDir\*.*"
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Creating $certDir"
                    $null = New-Item -Path $certDir -ItemType Directory -Force
                }

                # Make sure output is compat with clusters
                $shortName = $fqdn.Split(".")[0]

                if (!$dns) {
                    $dns = $shortName, $fqdn
                }

                $san = Get-SanExt $dns
                # Write config file
                Set-Content $certCfg "[Version]"
                Add-Content $certCfg 'Signature="$Windows NT$"'
                Add-Content $certCfg "[NewRequest]"
                Add-Content $certCfg "Subject = ""CN=$fqdn"""
                Add-Content $certCfg "KeySpec = 1"
                Add-Content $certCfg "KeyLength = $KeyLength"
                Add-Content $certCfg "Exportable = TRUE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "MachineKeySet = TRUE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "FriendlyName=""$FriendlyName"""
                Add-Content $certCfg "SMIME = False"
                Add-Content $certCfg "PrivateKeyArchive = FALSE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "UserProtected = FALSE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "UseExistingKeySet = FALSE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "ProviderName = ""Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider"""
                Add-Content $certCfg "ProviderType = 12"
                if ($SelfSigned) {
                    Add-Content $certCfg "RequestType = Cert"
                }
                else {
                    Add-Content $certCfg "RequestType = PKCS10"
                }
                Add-Content $certCfg "KeyUsage = 0xa0"
                Add-Content $certCfg "[EnhancedKeyUsageExtension]"
                Add-Content $certCfg "OID=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"
                Add-Content $certCfg "[Extensions]"
                Add-Content $certCfg $san
                Add-Content $certCfg "Critical=2.5.29.17"


                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Creating certificate for $computer")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Running: certreq -new $certCfg $certCsr"
                    $create = certreq -new $certCfg $certCsr
                }

                if ($SelfSigned) {
                    $serial = (($create -Split "Serial Number:" -Split "Subject")[2]).Trim() # D:
                    $storedCert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My -Recurse | Where-Object SerialNumber -eq $serial

                    if ($computer.IsLocalHost) {
                        $storedCert | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Submitting certificate request for $computer to $CaServer\$CaName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "certreq -submit -config `"$CaServer\$CaName`" -attrib $certTemplate $certCsr $certCrt $certPfx"
                        $submit = certreq -submit -config ""$CaServer\$CaName"" -attrib $certTemplate $certCsr $certCrt $certPfx
                    }

                    if ($submit -match "ssued") {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "certreq -accept -machine $certCrt"
                        $null = certreq -accept -machine $certCrt
                        $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                        $cert.Import($certCrt, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
                        $storedCert = Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$store\$folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint }
                    }
                    elseif ($submit) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Something went wrong"
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$create"
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$submit"
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure when attempting to create the cert on $computer. Exception: $_" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }

                    if ($Computer.IsLocalHost) {
                        $storedCert | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!$Computer.IsLocalHost) {

                if (!$secondaryNode) {
                    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Generating pfx and reading from disk")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting PFX with password to $tempPfx"
                        $certdata = $storedCert.Export([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType]::PFX, $password)
                    }

                    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Removing cert from disk but keeping it in memory")) {
                        $storedCert | Remove-Item
                    }

                    if ($ClusterInstanceName) { $secondaryNode = $true }
                }

                $scriptblock = {
                    $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                    $cert.Import($args[0], $args[1], "Exportable,PersistKeySet")

                    $certstore = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store($args[3], $args[2])
                    $certstore.Open('ReadWrite')
                    $certstore.Add($cert)
                    $certstore.Close()
                    Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$($args[2])\$($args[3])" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint }
                }

                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to import new cert")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Connecting to $computer"
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $certdata, $Password, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                            Select-DefaultView -Property DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue importing new cert on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Removing all files from $certDir")) {
                try {
                    Remove-Item -Force -Recurse $certDir -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function "Isue removing files from $certDir" -Target $certDir -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaCredential {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Creates a new SQL Server credential
 
.DESCRIPTION
Creates a new credential
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server(s)
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
.PARAMETER Name
The Credential name
 
.PARAMETER CredentialIdentity
The Credential Identity
 
.PARAMETER Password
Secure string used to authenticate the Credential Identity
 
.PARAMETER MappedClassType
Sets the class associated with the credential.
 
.PARAMETER ProviderName
Sets the name of the provider
 
.PARAMETER Force
If credential exists, drop and recreate
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaCredential -SqlInstance Server1
 
You will be prompted to securely enter your password, then a credential will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaCredential -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false
 
Suppresses all prompts to install but prompts to securely enter your password and creates a credential in the 'db1' database
 
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)] #, ConfirmImpact = "High"
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Name = $CredentialIdentity,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [object[]]$CredentialIdentity,
        [Security.SecureString]$Password,
        [ValidateSet('CryptographicProvider', 'None')]
        [string]$MappedClassType = "None",
        [string]$ProviderName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $mappedclass = switch ($MappedClassType) {
            "CryptographicProvider" { 1 }
            "None" { 0 }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (!$Password) {
            Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter the credential password"
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($cred in $CredentialIdentity) {
                $currentcred = $server.Credentials[$name]

                if ($currentcred) {
                    if ($force) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping credential $name"
                        $currentcred.Drop()
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Credential exists and Force was not specified" -Target $name -Continue
                    }
                }


                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating credential for database '$cred' on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        $credential = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Credential -ArgumentList $server, $name
                        $credential.MappedClassType = $mappedclass
                        $credential.ProviderName = $ProviderName
                        $credential.Create($CredentialIdentity, $Password)

                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $credential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $credential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $credential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $credential -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Identity, CreateDate, MappedClassType, ProviderName
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create credential in $cred on $instance. Exception: $($_.Exception.InnerException)" -Target $credential -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaDatabaseMasterKey {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Creates a new database master key
 
.DESCRIPTION
Creates a new database master key. If no database is specified, the master key will be created in master.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server to create the certificates on.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database where the master key will be created. Defaults to master.
 
.PARAMETER Password
Secure string used to create the key.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1
 
You will be prompted to securely enter your password, then a master key will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false
 
Suppresses all prompts to install but prompts to securely enter your password and creates a master key in the 'db1' database
 
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database = "master",
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Security.SecureString]$Password = (Read-Host "Password" -AsSecureString),
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $Database) {
                $smodb = $server.Databases[$db]

                if ($null -eq $smodb) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on $instance" -Target $smodb -Continue
                }

                if ($null -ne $smodb.MasterKey) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Master key already exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $smodb -Continue
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating master key for database '$db' on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        $masterkey = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MasterKey $smodb
                        $masterkey.Create(([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password))))

                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $smodb

                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $masterkey -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, DateLastModified, IsEncryptedByServer
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create master key in $db on $instance. Exception: $($_.Exception.InnerException)" -Target $masterkey -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl#
function New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Creates database snapshots
 
.DESCRIPTION
Creates database snapshots without hassles
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER AllDatabases
Creates snapshot for all eligible databases
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts for confirmation of every step.
 
.PARAMETER Name
The specific snapshot name you want to create. Works only if you target a single database. If you need to create multiple snapshot,
you must use the NameSuffix parameter
 
.PARAMETER NameSuffix
When you pass a simple string, it'll be appended to use it to build the name of the snapshot. By default snapshots are created with yyyyMMdd_HHmmss suffix
You can also pass a standard placeholder, in which case it'll be interpolated (e.g. '{0}' gets replaced with the database name)
 
.PARAMETER Path
Snapshot files will be created here (by default the filestructure will be created in the same folder as the base db)
 
.PARAMETER Force
Databases with Filestream FG can be snapshotted, but the Filestream FG is marked offline
in the snapshot. To create a "partial" snapshot, you need to pass -Force explicitely
 
NB: You can't then restore the Database from the newly-created snapshot.
For details, check https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb895334.aspx
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: DisasterRecovery, Snapshot, Restore, Databases
Author: niphlod
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting
 
Creates snapshot for HR and Accounting, returning a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status, Notes
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Name HR_snap
 
Creates snapshot named "HR_snap" for HR
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -NameSuffix 'fool_{0}_snap'
 
Creates snapshot named "fool_HR_snap" for HR
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting -Path F:\snapshotpath
 
Creates snapshots for HR and Accounting databases, storing files under the F:\snapshotpath\ dir
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [string]$Name,
        [string]$NameSuffix,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $NoSupportForSnap = @('model', 'master', 'tempdb')
        # Evaluate the default suffix here for naming consistency
        $DefaultSuffix = (Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")
        if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) {
            #Validate if Name can be interpolated
            try {
                $null = $NameSuffix -f 'some_string'
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "NameSuffix parameter must be a template only containing one parameter {0}" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }

        function Resolve-SnapshotError($server) {
            $errhelp = ''
            $CurrentEdition = $server.Edition.toLower()
            $CurrentVersion = $server.Version.Major * 1000000 + $server.Version.Minor * 10000 + $server.Version.Build
            if ($server.Version.Major -lt 9) {
                $errhelp = 'Not supported before 2005'
            }
            if ($CurrentVersion -lt 12002000 -and $errhelp.Length -eq 0) {
                if ($CurrentEdition -notmatch '.*enterprise.*|.*developer.*|.*datacenter.*') {
                    $errhelp = 'Supported only for Enterprise, Developer or Datacenter editions'
                }
            }
            $message = ""
            if ($errhelp.Length -gt 0) {
                $message += "Please make sure your version supports snapshots : ($errhelp)"
            }
            else {
                $message += "This module can't tell you why the snapshot creation failed. Feel free to report back to dbatools what happened"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $message
        }
    }
    process {
        if (!$Database -and $AllDatabases -eq $false) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue" -EnableException $EnableException
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            #Checks for path existence
            if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {
                if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $instance -Path $Path)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$instance cannot access the directory $Path" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
                }
            }

            if ($AllDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            $sourcedbs = @()

            ## double check for gotchas
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                if ($db.IsDatabaseSnapshot) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) is a snapshot, skipping"
                }
                elseif ($db.name -in $NoSupportForSnap) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) snapshots are prohibited"
                }
                elseif ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($db.name) is not accessible, skipping"
                }
                else {
                    $sourcedbs += $db
                }
            }
            if ($sourcedbs.Length -gt 1 -and $Name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You passed the Name parameter that is fixed but selected multiple databases to snapshot: use the NameSuffix parameter" -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
            }
            foreach ($db in $sourcedbs) {
                if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) {
                    $SnapName = $NameSuffix -f $db.Name
                    if ($SnapName -eq $NameSuffix) {
                        #no interpolation, just append
                        $SnapName = '{0}{1}' -f $db.Name, $NameSuffix
                    }
                }
                elseif ($Name.Length -gt 0) {
                    $SnapName = $Name
                }
                else {
                    $SnapName = "{0}_{1}" -f $db.Name, $DefaultSuffix
                }
                if ($SnapName -in $server.Databases.Name) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "A database named $Snapname already exists, skipping"
                    continue
                }
                $all_FSD = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup'
                $all_MMO = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup'
                $has_FSD = $all_FSD.Count -gt 0
                $has_MMO = $all_MMO.Count -gt 0
                if ($has_MMO) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA detected, snapshots are not possible"
                    continue
                }
                if ($has_FSD -and $Force -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Filestream detected, skipping. You need to specify -Force. See Get-Help for details"
                    continue
                }
                $snaptype = "db snapshot"
                if ($has_FSD) {
                    $snaptype = "partial db snapshot"
                }
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Create $snaptype $SnapName of $($db.Name)")) {
                    $CustomFileStructure = @{ }
                    $counter = 0
                    foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {
                        $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] = @()
                        if ($fg.FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup') {
                            Continue
                        }
                        foreach ($file in $fg.Files) {
                            $counter += 1
                            $basename = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($file.FileName)
                            $basepath = Split-Path $file.FileName -Parent
                            # change path if specified
                            if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {
                                $basepath = $Path
                            }
                            # we need to avoid cases where basename is the same for multiple FG
                            $fname = [IO.Path]::Combine($basepath, ("{0}_{1}_{2:0000}_{3:000}" -f $basename, $DefaultSuffix, (Get-Date).MilliSecond, $counter))
                            # fixed extension is hardcoded as "ss", which seems a "de-facto" standard
                            $fname = [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($fname, "ss")
                            $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] += @{ 'name' = $file.name; 'filename' = $fname }
                        }
                    }
                    $SnapDB = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database -ArgumentList $server, $Snapname
                    $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName = $db.Name
                    foreach ($fg in $CustomFileStructure.Keys) {
                        $SnapFG = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.FileGroup $SnapDB, $fg
                        $SnapDB.FileGroups.Add($SnapFG)
                        foreach ($file in $CustomFileStructure[$fg]) {
                            $SnapFile = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DataFile $SnapFG, $file['name'], $file['filename']
                            $SnapDB.FileGroups[$fg].Files.Add($SnapFile)
                        }
                    }

                    # we're ready to issue a Create, but SMO is a little uncooperative here
                    # there are cases we can manage and others we can't, and we need all the
                    # info we can get both from testers and from users

                    $sql = $SnapDB.Script()
                    try {
                        $SnapDB.Create()

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName    = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database        = $SnapDB.Name
                            SnapshotOf      = $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
                            SizeMB          = [Math]::Round($SnapDB.Size, 2) ##FIXME, should use the stats for sparse files
                            DatabaseCreated = [dbadatetime]$SnapDB.createDate
                            PrimaryFilePath = $SnapDB.PrimaryFilePath
                            Status          = 'Created'
                            Notes           = $null
                            SnapshotDb      = $SnapDB
                        } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status
                    }
                    catch {
                        $Status = 'Created'
                        # here we manage issues we DO know about, hoping that the first command
                        # is always the one creating the snapshot, and give an helpful hint
                        try {
                            $server.Databases.Refresh()
                            if ($SnapName -notin $server.Databases.Name) {
                                # previous creation failed completely, snapshot is not there already
                                $null = $server.Query($sql[0])
                                $server.Databases.Refresh()
                                $SnapDB = $server.Databases[$Snapname]
                            }
                            else {
                                $SnapDB = $server.Databases[$Snapname]
                            }
                            $Notes = @()
                            if ($db.ReadOnly -eq $true) {
                                $Notes += 'SMO is probably trying to set a property on a read-only snapshot, run with -Debug to find out and report back'
                            }
                            if ($has_FSD) {
                                $Status = 'Partial'
                                $Notes += 'Filestream groups are not viable for snapshot'
                            }
                            $Notes = $Notes -Join ';'

                            $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a partial failure")
                            foreach ($stmt in $sql) {
                                $hints += $stmt
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n")

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName    = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database        = $SnapDB.Name
                                SnapshotOf      = $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
                                SizeMB          = [Math]::Round($SnapDB.Size, 2) ##FIXME, should use the stats for sparse files
                                DatabaseCreated = [dbadatetime]$SnapDB.createDate
                                PrimaryFilePath = $SnapDB.PrimaryFilePath
                                Status          = $Status
                                Notes           = $Notes
                                SnapshotDb      = $SnapDB
                            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status, Notes
                        }
                        catch {
                            # we end up here when even the first issued command didn't create
                            # a valid snapshot
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message 'SMO failed to create the snapshot, run with -Debug to find out and report back' -ErrorRecord $_
                            $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a failure")
                            foreach ($stmt in $sql) {
                                $hints += $stmt
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n")
                            Resolve-SnapshotError $server
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function New-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Creates a new database certificate
 
.DESCRIPTION
Creates a new database certificate. If no database is specified, the certificate will be created in master.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server to create the certificates on.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database where the certificate will be created. Defaults to master.
 
.PARAMETER Name
Optional name to create the certificate. Defaults to database name.
 
.PARAMETER Subject
Optional subject to create the certificate.
 
.PARAMETER StartDate
Optional secure string used to create the certificate.
 
.PARAMETER ExpirationDate
Optional secure string used to create the certificate.
 
.PARAMETER ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog
Optional secure string used to create the certificate.
 
.PARAMETER Password
Optional password - if no password is supplied, the password will be protected by the master key
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1
 
You will be prompted to securely enter your password, then a certificate will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false
 
Suppresses all prompts to install but prompts to securely enter your password and creates a certificate in the 'db1' database
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [object[]]$Database = "master",
        [string[]]$Subject,
        [datetime]$StartDate = (Get-Date),
        [datetime]$ExpirationDate = $StartDate.AddYears(5),
        [switch]$ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog,
        [Security.SecureString]$Password,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias New-DbaDatabaseCertificate
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $Database) {

                $currentdb = $server.Databases[$db] | Where-Object IsAccessible

                if ($null -eq $currentdb) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on $instance" -Target $server -Continue
                }

                if ($null -eq $name) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Name is NULL, setting it to '$db'"
                    $name = $db
                }
                if ($null -eq $subject) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Subject is NULL, setting it to '$db Database Certificate'"
                    $subject = "$db Database Certificate"
                }

                foreach ($cert in $name) {
                    if ($null -ne $currentdb.Certificates[$cert]) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Certificate '$cert' already exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $currentdb -Continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating certificate for database '$db' on $instance")) {
                        try {
                            $smocert = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate $currentdb, $cert

                            $smocert.StartDate = $StartDate
                            $smocert.Subject = $Subject
                            $smocert.ExpirationDate = $ExpirationDate
                            $smocert.ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog = $ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog

                            if ($password.Length -gt 0) {
                                $smocert.Create(([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password))))
                            }
                            else {
                                $smocert.Create()
                            }

                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.NetName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $currentdb.Name

                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $smocert -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, Subject, StartDate, ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog, ExpirationDate, Issuer, LastBackupDate, Owner, PrivateKeyEncryptionType, Serial
                        }
                        catch {
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException) {
                                $exception = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString() -Split "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: "
                                $exception = ($exception[1] -Split "at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ConnectionManager")[0]
                            }
                            else {
                                $exception = $_.Exception
                            }

                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create certificate in $db on $instance. Exception: $exception" -Target $smocert -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaDbUser {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Creates a new user for the specified database.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Created a new user for a specified database with provided specifications.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance. Defaults to the default instance on localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect to SQL Server as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. By default, system databases are excluded.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSystem
            If this switch is enabled, the user will be added to system databases.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            When specified, the user will be associated to this SQL login and have the same name as the Login.
 
        .PARAMETER Username
            When specified, the user will have this name.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If user exists, drop and recreate.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database, User
            Author: Frank Henninger (@osiris687)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDbUser
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login user1
 
        Creates a new sql user with login named user1 in the specified database
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Username user1
 
        Creates a new sql user without login named user1 in the specified database
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login Login1 -Username user1
 
        Creates a new sql user named user1 mapped to Login1 in the specified database
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance sqlserver1 -Database DB1 | New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2 -Database DB1
 
        Copies users from sqlserver1.DB1 to sqlserver2.DB1. Does not copy permissions!
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "NoLogin")]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystem,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Login")]
        [string[]]$Login,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLogin")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Login")]
        [string[]]$Username,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Test-SqlLoginInDatabase {
            param(
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login]$Login,
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database]$Database
            )

            # Does user exist with same login?
            if ( $existingUser = ( $Database.Users | Where-Object Login -eq $smoLogin ) ) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingUser, "Dropping existing user $($existingUser.Name) because -Force was used")) {
                        try {
                            $existingUser.Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing user $($existingUser.Name), skipping." -Target $existingUser -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "User $($existingUser.Name) already exists and -Force was not specified" -Target $existingUser -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-SqlUserInDatabase {
            param(
                [string[]]$Username,
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database]$Database
            )

            # Does user exist with same login?
            if ( $existingUser = ( $Database.Users | Where-Object Name -eq $Username ) ) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingUser, "Dropping existing user $($existingUser.Name) because -Force was used")) {
                        try {
                            $existingUser.Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing user $($existingUser.Name), skipping." -Target $existingUser -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "User $($existingUser.Name) already exists and -Force was not specified" -Target $existingUser -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            if (Test-Bound 'IncludeSystem' -Not) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object IsSystemObject -NE $true
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Add users to Database $db on target $server"

                switch -Wildcard ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
                    "Login*" {
                        # Creates a user with Login
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Using UserType: SqlLogin"

                        if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -notcontains 'Login') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter -Login is required " -Target $instance
                        }
                        if ($Login.GetType().Name -eq 'Login') {
                            $smoLogin = $Login
                        }
                        else {
                            #get the login associated with the given name.
                            $smoLogin = $server.Logins | Where-Object Name -eq $Login
                            if ($smoLogin -eq $null) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Login: $Login is not found on $Server" -Target $instance;
                                return
                            }
                        }

                        Test-SqlLoginInDatabase -Database $db -Login $smoLogin

                        if ( $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "LoginWithNewUsername" ) {
                            $Name = $Username
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserName: $Username"
                        }
                        else {
                            $Name = $smoLogin.Name
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using LoginName: $Name"
                        }

                        $Login = $smoLogin
                        $UserType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::SqlLogin
                    }

                    "NoLogin" {
                        # Creates a user without login
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserType: NoLogin"
                        $UserType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::NoLogin
                        $Name = $Username
                    }
                } #switch

                # Does user exist with same name?
                Test-SqlUserInDatabase -Database $db -Username $Name

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Creating user $Name")) {
                    try {
                        $smoUser = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User
                        $smoUser.Parent = $db
                        $smoUser.Name = $Name

                        if ( $PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Login' -and $Login.GetType().Name -eq 'Login' ) {
                            $smoUser.Login = Login
                        }
                        $smoUser.UserType = $UserType

                        $smoUser.Create()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add user $Name in $db to $instance"  -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                    $smoUser.Refresh()

                    if ( $PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Username' -and $smoUser.Name -ne $Username ) {
                        $smoUser.Rename($Username)
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $smoUser in $db to $instance."
                }

                #Display Results
                Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance $server.Name -Database $db.Name | Where-Object name -eq $smoUser.Name
            } #foreach ($db in $databases)
        } #foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance)
    }
}
function New-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Creates a new SQL Server login
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Creates a new SQL Server login with provided specifications
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    The target SQL Server(s)
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials
 
    .PARAMETER Login
    The Login name(s)
 
    .PARAMETER Password
    Secure string used to authenticate the Login
 
    .PARAMETER HashedPassword
    Hashed password string used to authenticate the Login
 
    .PARAMETER InputObject
    Takes the parameters required from a Login object that has been piped into the command
 
    .PARAMETER LoginRenameHashtable
    Pass a hash table into this parameter to change login names when piping objects into the procedure
 
    .PARAMETER MapToCertificate
    Map the login to a certificate
 
    .PARAMETER MapToAsymmetricKey
    Map the login to an asymmetric key
 
    .PARAMETER MapToCredential
    Map the login to a credential
 
    .PARAMETER Sid
    Provide an explicit Sid that should be used when creating the account. Can be [byte[]] or hex [string] ('0xFFFF...')
 
    .PARAMETER DefaultDatabase
    Default database for the login
 
    .PARAMETER Language
    Login's default language
 
    .PARAMETER PasswordExpiration
    Enforces password expiration policy. Requires PasswordPolicy to be enabled. Can be $true or $false(default)
 
    .PARAMETER PasswordPolicy
    Enforces password complexity policy. Can be $true or $false(default)
 
    .PARAMETER Disabled
    Create the login in a disabled state
 
    .PARAMETER NewSid
    Ignore sids from the piped login object to generate new sids on the server. Useful when copying login onto the same server
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    If login exists, drop and recreate
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Login
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/New-DbaLogin
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance Server1,Server2 -Login Newlogin
 
    You will be prompted to securely enter the password for a login [Newlogin]. The login would be created on servers Server1 and Server2 with default parameters.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $securePassword = Read-Host "Input password" -AsSecureString
    New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance Server1\sql1 -Login Newlogin -Password $securePassword -PasswordPolicy -PasswordExpiration
 
    Creates a login on Server1\sql1 with a predefined password. The login will have password and expiration policies enforced onto it.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login Oldlogin | New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -LoginRenameHashtable @{Oldlogin = 'Newlogin'} -Force -NewSid -Disabled:$false
 
    Copies a login [Oldlogin] to the same instance sql1 with the same parameters (including password). New login will have a new sid, a new name [Newlogin] and will not be disabled. Existing login [Newlogin] will be removed prior to creation.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login Login1,Login2 | New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2 -PasswordPolicy -PasswordExpiration -DefaultDatabase tempdb -Disabled
 
    Copies logins [Login1] and [Login2] from instance sql1 to instance sql2, but enforces password and expiration policies for the new logins. New logins will also have a default database set to [tempdb] and will be created in a disabled state.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "Password")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Name", "LoginName")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password", Position = 2)]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")]
        [string[]]$Login,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias("Rename")]
        [hashtable]$LoginRenameHashtable,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password", Position = 3)]
        [Security.SecureString]$Password,
        [Alias("Hash", "PasswordHash")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [string]$HashedPassword,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")]
        [string]$MapToCertificate,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")]
        [string]$MapToAsymmetricKey,
        [string]$MapToCredential,
        [object]$Sid,
        [Alias("DefaulDB")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [string]$DefaultDatabase,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [string]$Language,
        [Alias("Expiration", "CheckExpiration")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [switch]$PasswordExpiration,
        [Alias("Policy", "CheckPolicy")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [switch]$PasswordPolicy,
        [Alias("Disable")]
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [switch]$NewSid,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Sid) {
            if ($Sid.GetType().Name -ne 'Byte[]') {
                foreach ($symbol in $Sid.TrimStart("0x").ToCharArray()) {
                    if ($symbol -notin "0123456789ABCDEF".ToCharArray()) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Sid has invalid character '$symbol', cannot proceed." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
                        return
                    }
                }
                $Sid = Convert-HexStringToByte $Sid
            }
        }

        if ($HashedPassword) {
            if ($HashedPassword.GetType().Name -eq 'Byte[]') {
                $HashedPassword = Convert-ByteToHexString $HashedPassword
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        #At least one of those should be specified
        if (!($Login -or $InputObject)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No logins have been specified." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
            Return
        }

        $loginCollection = @()
        if ($InputObject) {
            $loginCollection += $InputObject
            if ($Login) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parameter -Login is not supported when processing objects from -InputObject. If you need to rename the logins, please use -LoginRenameHashtable." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
                Return
            }
        }
        else {
            $loginCollection += $Login
            $Login | ForEach-Object {
                if ($_.IndexOf('\') -eq -1 -and $PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "Password*" -and !($Password -or $HashedPassword)) {
                    $passwordNotSpecified = $true
                }
            }
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($loginItem in $loginCollection) {
                #check if $loginItem is an SMO Login object
                if ($loginItem.GetType().Name -eq 'Login') {
                    #Get all the necessary fields
                    $loginName = $loginItem.Name
                    $loginType = $loginItem.LoginType
                    $currentSid = $loginItem.Sid
                    $currentDefaultDatabase = $loginItem.DefaultDatabase
                    $currentLanguage = $loginItem.Language
                    $currentPasswordExpiration = $loginItem.PasswordExpiration
                    $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $loginItem.PasswordPolicyEnforced
                    $currentDisabled = $loginItem.IsDisabled

                    #Get previous password
                    if ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and !($Password -or $HashedPassword)) {
                        $sourceServer = $loginItem.Parent
                        switch ($sourceServer.versionMajor) {
                            0 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$loginName'" }
                            8 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$loginName'" }
                            9 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins where name='$loginName'" }
                            default {
                                $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash')
                                    AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass
                                    FROM sys.server_principals
                                    WHERE principal_id = $($loginItem.id)"
                            }
                        }

                        try {
                            $hashedPass = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                        }
                        catch {
                            $hashedPassDt = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                            $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0)
                        }

                        if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") {
                            $hashedPass = Convert-ByteToHexString $hashedPass
                        }
                        $currentHashedPassword = $hashedPass
                    }

                    #Get cryptography and attached credentials
                    if ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') {
                        $currentAsymmetricKey = $loginItem.AsymmetricKey
                    }
                    if ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') {
                        $currentCertificate = $loginItem.Certificate
                    }
                    #This method or property is accessible only while working with SQL Server 2008 or later.
                    if ($sourceServer.versionMajor -gt 9) {
                        if ($loginItem.EnumCredentials()) {
                            $currentCredential = $loginItem.EnumCredentials()
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $loginName = $loginItem
                    $currentSid = $currentDefaultDatabase = $currentLanguage = $currentPasswordExpiration = $currentAsymmetricKey = $currentCertificate = $currentCredential = $currentDisabled = $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $null

                    if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "MapToCertificate") { $loginType = 'Certificate' }
                    elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "MapToAsymmetricKey") { $loginType = 'AsymmetricKey' }
                    elseif ($loginItem.IndexOf('\') -eq -1) {    $loginType = 'SqlLogin' }
                    else { $loginType = 'WindowsUser' }
                }

                if (($server.LoginMode -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerLoginMode]::Mixed) -and ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin')) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance does not have Mixed Mode enabled. [$loginName] is an SQL Login. Enable mixed mode authentication after the migration completes to use this type of login." -EnableException $EnableException
                }

                if ($Sid) {
                    $currentSid = $Sid
                }
                if ($DefaultDatabase) {
                    $currentDefaultDatabase = $DefaultDatabase
                }
                if ($Language) {
                    $currentLanguage = $Language
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordExpiration') {
                    $currentPasswordExpiration = $PasswordExpiration
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordPolicy') {
                    $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $PasswordPolicy
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToAsymmetricKey') {
                    $currentAsymmetricKey = $MapToAsymmetricKey
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToCertificate') {
                    $currentCertificate = $MapToCertificate
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToCredential') {
                    $currentCredential = $MapToCredential
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Disabled') {
                    $currentDisabled = $Disabled
                }

                #Apply renaming if necessary
                if ($LoginRenameHashtable.Keys -contains $loginName) {
                    $loginName = $LoginRenameHashtable[$loginName]
                }

                #Requesting password if required
                if ($loginItem.GetType().Name -ne 'Login' -and $loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and !($Password -or $HashedPassword)) {
                    $Password = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter a new password for the SQL Server login(s)"
                }

                #verify if login exists on the server
                if ($existingLogin = $server.Logins[$loginName]) {
                    if ($force) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingLogin, "Dropping existing login $loginName on $instance because -Force was used")) {
                            try {
                                $existingLogin.Drop()
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing login $loginName on $instance, skipping." -Target $loginName -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Login $loginName already exists on $instance and -Force was not specified" -Target $loginName -Continue
                    }
                }


                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating login $loginName on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        $newLogin = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login($server, $loginName)
                        $newLogin.LoginType = $loginType

                        $withParams = ""

                        if ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and $currentSid -and !$NewSid) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName SID"
                            $withParams += ", SID = " + (Convert-ByteToHexString $currentSid)
                            $newLogin.Set_Sid($currentSid)
                        }

                        if ($loginType -in ("WindowsUser", "WindowsGroup", "SqlLogin")) {
                            if ($currentDefaultDatabase) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName default database to $currentDefaultDatabase"
                                $withParams += ", DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$currentDefaultDatabase]"
                                $newLogin.DefaultDatabase = $currentDefaultDatabase
                            }

                            if ($currentLanguage) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName language to $currentLanguage"
                                $withParams += ", DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$currentLanguage]"
                                $newLogin.Language = $currentLanguage
                            }

                            #CHECK_EXPIRATION: default - OFF
                            if ($currentPasswordExpiration) {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_EXPIRATION = ON"
                                $newLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $true
                            }
                            else {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF"
                                $newLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $false
                            }

                            #CHECK_POLICY: default - ON
                            if ($currentPasswordPolicyEnforced) {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_POLICY = ON"
                                $newLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $true
                            }
                            else {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_POLICY = OFF"
                                $newLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $false
                            }

                            #Generate hashed password if necessary
                            if ($Password) {
                                $currentHashedPassword = Get-PasswordHash $Password $server.versionMajor
                            }
                            elseif ($HashedPassword) {
                                $currentHashedPassword = $HashedPassword
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') {
                            $newLogin.AsymmetricKey = $currentAsymmetricKey
                        }
                        elseif ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') {
                            $newLogin.Certificate = $currentCertificate
                        }

                        #Add credential
                        if ($currentCredential) {
                            $withParams += ", CREDENTIAL = [$currentCredential]"
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding as login type $loginType"

                        # Attempt to add login using SMO, then T-SQL
                        try {
                            if ($loginType -in ("WindowsUser", "WindowsGroup", "AsymmetricKey", "Certificate")) {
                                if ($withParams) { $withParams = " WITH " + $withParams.TrimStart(',') }
                                $newLogin.Create()
                            }
                            elseif ($loginType -eq "SqlLogin") {
                                $newLogin.Create($currentHashedPassword, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginCreateOptions]::IsHashed)
                            }
                            $newLogin.Refresh()

                            #Adding credential
                            if ($currentCredential) {
                                try {
                                    $newLogin.AddCredential($currentCredential)
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $newLogin.Drop()
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $loginName to $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $loginName to $instance."
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to create $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL."
                            try {
                                if ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY [$currentAsymmetricKey]" }
                                elseif ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM CERTIFICATE [$currentCertificate]" }
                                elseif ($loginType -eq "SqlLogin") { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] WITH PASSWORD = $currentHashedPassword HASHED" + $withParams }
                                else { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM WINDOWS" + $withParams }

                                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                                $newLogin = $server.logins[$loginName]
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $loginName to $instance."
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $loginName to $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        #Process the Disabled property
                        if ($currentDisabled) {
                            try {
                                $newLogin.Disable()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been disabled on $instance."
                            }
                            catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to disable $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL."
                                try {
                                    $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$loginName] DISABLE"
                                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been disabled on $instance."
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to disable $loginName on $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        #Display results
                        Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server -Login $loginName
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create login $loginName on $instance." -Target $credential -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaPublishProfile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Creates a new Publish Profile.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The New-PublishProfile command generates a standard publish profile xml file that can be used by the DacFx (this and everything else) to control the deployment of your dacpac
            This generates a standard template XML which is enough to dpeloy a dacpac but it is highly recommended that you add additional options to the publish profile.
            If you use Visual Studio you can open a publish.xml file and use the ui to edit the file -
            To create a new file, right click on an SSDT project, choose "Publish" then "Load Profile" and load your profile or create a new one.
            Once you have loaded it in Visual Studio, clicking advanced shows you the list of options available to you.
            For a full list of options that you can add to the profile, google "sqlpackage.exe command line switches" or (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080(v=vs.103).aspx)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to and publish to. Alternatively, you can provide a ConnectionString.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative logins instead Integrated, accepts Credential object created by Get-Credential
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database name you are targeting
 
        .PARAMETER ConnectionString
            The connection string to the database you are upgrading.
 
            Alternatively, you can provide a SqlInstance (and optionally SqlCredential) and the script will connect and generate the connectionstring.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The directory where you would like to save the profile xml file(s).
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Dacpac
            Author: Richie lee (@bzzzt_io)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaPublishProfile
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaPublishProfile -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential (Get-Credential) -Database WorldWideImporters -Path C:\temp
 
        In this example, a prompt will appear for alternative credentials, tghen a connection will be made to sql2017. Using that connection,
        the ConnectionString will be extracted and used within the Publish Profile XML file which will be created at C:\temp\sql2017-WorldWideImporters-publish.xml
 
        .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaPublishProfile -Database WorldWideImporters -Path C:\temp -ConnectionString "SERVER=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Integrated Security=True;Database=master"
 
        In this example, no connections are made, and a Publish Profile XML would be created at C:\temp\localdb-MSSQLLocalDB-WorldWideImporters-publish.xml
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents",
        [string[]]$ConnectionString,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ConnectionString)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either SqlInstance or ConnectionString"
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path doesn't exist or access denied"
        }

        if ((Get-Item $path) -isnot [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Path must be a directory"
        }

        function Get-Template ($db, $connstring) {
            "<?xml version=""1.0"" ?>
            <Project ToolsVersion=""14.0"" xmlns=""http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"">
              <PropertyGroup>
                <TargetDatabaseName>{0}</TargetDatabaseName>
                <TargetConnectionString>{1}</TargetConnectionString>
                <ProfileVersionNumber>1</ProfileVersionNumber>
              </PropertyGroup>
            </Project>" -f $db[0], $connstring
        }

        function Get-ServerName ($connstring) {
            $builder = New-Object System.Data.Common.DbConnectionStringBuilder
            $builder.set_ConnectionString($connstring)
            $instance = $builder['data source']

            if (-not $instance) {
                $instance = $builder['server']
            }

            return $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '--')
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $ConnectionString += $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString.Replace(';Application Name="dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io"', '')

        }

        foreach ($connstring in $ConnectionString) {
            foreach ($db in $Database) {
                $profileTemplate = Get-Template $db, $connstring
                $instancename = Get-ServerName $connstring

                try {
                    $server = [DbaInstance]($instancename.ToString().Replace('--', '\'))
                    $PublishProfile = Join-Path $Path "$($instancename.Replace('--','-'))-$db-publish.xml" -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing to $PublishProfile"
                    $profileTemplate | Out-File $PublishProfile -ErrorAction Stop
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName     = $server.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance      = $server.FullName
                        Database         = $db
                        FileName         = $PublishProfile
                        ConnectionString = $connstring
                        ProfileTemplate  = $profileTemplate
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, ProfileTemplate
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Failure" -Target $instancename -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaScriptingOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Creates a new Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions object
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Creates a new Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions object. Basically saves you the time from remembering the SMO assembly name ;)
 
    See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.scriptingoptions.aspx for more information
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Migration, Backup, DR
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/New-DbaScriptingOption
    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.scriptingoptions.aspx
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
    $options.ScriptDrops = $false
    $options.WithDependencies = $true
    Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript -ScriptingOptionObject $options
 
    Exports Agent Jobs with the Scripting Options ScriptDrops set to $false and WithDependencies set to true
 
    #>
    New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
}
function New-DbaServiceMasterKey {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Creates a new service master key
 
.DESCRIPTION
Creates a new service master key in the master database
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The target SQL Server instances
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER Password
Secure string used to create the key.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaServiceMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1
 
You will be prompted to securely enter your Service Key Password twice, then a master key will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Security.SecureString]$Password,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Password -Not) {
                $password = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "You must enter Service Key password for $instance"
                $password2 = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Type the password again"

                if (([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password))) -ne ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password2)))) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match" -Continue
                }
            }
            New-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance $instance -Database master -Password $password
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaSqlConnectionString {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Builds or extracts a SQL Server Connection String
 
.DESCRIPTION
Builds or extracts a SQL Server Connection String
 
See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.connectionstring.aspx
and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnectionstringbuilder.aspx
and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.aspx
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determiend by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.
 
.PARAMETER AccessToken
Gets or sets the access token for the connection.
 
.PARAMETER AppendConnectionString
Appends to the current connection string. Note that you cannot pass authenitcation information using this method. Use -SqlInstance and, optionaly, -SqlCredential to set authentication information.
 
.PARAMETER ApplicationIntent
Declares the application workload type when connecting to a server. Possible values are ReadOnly and ReadWrite.
 
.PARAMETER BatchSeparator
By default, this is "GO"
 
.PARAMETER ClientName
By default, this command sets the client to "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection" if you're doing anything that requires profiling, you can look for this client name. Using -ClientName allows you to set your own custom client.
 
.PARAMETER ConnectTimeout
The length of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to the server before terminating the attempt and generating an error.
 
Valid values are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2147483647.
 
When opening a connection to a Azure SQL Database, set the connection timeout to 30 seconds.
 
.PARAMETER EncryptConnection
When true, SQL Server uses SSL encryption for all data sent between the client and server if the server has a certificate installed. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no. For more information, see Connection String Syntax.
 
Beginning in .NET Framework 4.5, when TrustServerCertificate is false and Encrypt is true, the server name (or IP address) in a SQL Server SSL certificate must exactly match the server name (or IP address) specified in the connection string. Otherwise, the connection attempt will fail. For information about support for certificates whose subject starts with a wildcard character (*), see Accepted wildcards used by server certificates for server authentication.
 
.PARAMETER FailoverPartner
The name of the failover partner server where database mirroring is configured.
 
If the value of this key is "", then Initial Catalog must be present, and its value must not be "".
 
The server name can be 128 characters or less.
 
If you specify a failover partner but the failover partner server is not configured for database mirroring and the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) is not available, then the connection will fail.
 
If you specify a failover partner and the primary server is not configured for database mirroring, the connection to the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) will succeed if the primary server is available.
 
.PARAMETER IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth
Azure related
 
.PARAMETER LockTimeout
Sets the time in seconds required for the connection to time out when the current transaction is locked.
 
.PARAMETER MaxPoolSize
Sets the maximum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.
 
.PARAMETER MinPoolSize
Sets the minimum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.
 
.PARAMETER MultipleActiveResultSets
When used, an application can maintain multiple active result sets (MARS). When false, an application must process or cancel all result sets from one batch before it can execute any other batch on that connection.
 
.PARAMETER MultiSubnetFailover
If your application is connecting to an AlwaysOn availability group (AG) on different subnets, setting MultiSubnetFailover provides faster detection of and connection to the (currently) active server. For more information about SqlClient support for Always On Availability Groups
 
.PARAMETER NetworkProtocol
Connect explicitly using 'TcpIp','NamedPipes','Multiprotocol','AppleTalk','BanyanVines','Via','SharedMemory' and 'NWLinkIpxSpx'
 
.PARAMETER NonPooledConnection
Request a non-pooled connection
 
.PARAMETER PacketSize
Sets the size in bytes of the network packets used to communicate with an instance of SQL Server. Must match at server.
 
.PARAMETER PooledConnectionLifetime
When a connection is returned to the pool, its creation time is compared with the current time, and the connection is destroyed if that time span (in seconds) exceeds the value specified by Connection Lifetime. This is useful in clustered configurations to force load balancing between a running server and a server just brought online.
 
A value of zero (0) causes pooled connections to have the maximum connection timeout.
 
.PARAMETER SqlExecutionModes
The SqlExecutionModes enumeration contains values that are used to specify whether the commands sent to the referenced connection to the server are executed immediately or saved in a buffer.
 
Valid values incldue CaptureSql, ExecuteAndCaptureSql and ExecuteSql.
 
.PARAMETER StatementTimeout
Sets the number of seconds a statement is given to run before failing with a time-out error.
 
.PARAMETER TrustServerCertificate
ets or sets a value that indicates whether the channel will be encrypted while bypassing walking the certificate chain to validate trust.
 
.PARAMETER WorkstationId
Sets the name of the workstation connecting to SQL Server.
 
.NOTES
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/New-DbaSqlConnectionString
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaSqlConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014
 
Creates a connection string that connects using Windows Authentication
 
.EXAMPLE
Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2016 | New-DbaSqlConnectionString
 
Builds a connected SMO object using Connect-DbaInstance then extracts and displays the connection string
 
.EXAMPLE
$wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
New-DbaSqlConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $wincred
 
Creates a connection string that connects using alternative Windows credentials
 
.EXAMPLE
$sqlcred = Get-Credential sqladmin
$server = New-DbaSqlConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $sqlcred
 
Login to sql2014 as SQL login sqladmin.
 
.EXAMPLE
$server = New-DbaSqlConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -ClientName "mah connection"
 
Creates a connection string that connects using Windows Authentication and uses the client name "mah connection". So when you open up profiler or use extended events, you can search for "mah connection".
 
.EXAMPLE
$server = New-DbaSqlConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -AppendConnectionString "Packet Size=4096;AttachDbFilename=C:\MyFolder\MyDataFile.mdf;User Instance=true;"
 
Creates a connection string that connects to sql2014 using Windows Authentication, then it sets the packet size (this can also be done via -PacketSize) and other connection attributes.
 
.EXAMPLE
$server = New-DbaSqlConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -NetworkProtocol TcpIp -MultiSubnetFailover
 
Creates a connection string with Windows Authentication that uses TCPIP and has MultiSubnetFailover enabled.
 
.EXAMPLE
$connstring = New-DbaSqlConnectionString sql2016 -ApplicationIntent ReadOnly
 
Creates a connection string with ReadOnly ApplicantionIntent.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("SqlCredential")]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$AccessToken,
        [ValidateSet('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')]
        [string]$ApplicationIntent,
        [string]$BatchSeparator,
        [string]$ClientName = "custom connection",
        [int]$ConnectTimeout,
        [switch]$EncryptConnection,
        [string]$FailoverPartner,
        [switch]$IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth,
        [int]$LockTimeout,
        [int]$MaxPoolSize,
        [int]$MinPoolSize,
        [switch]$MultipleActiveResultSets,
        [switch]$MultiSubnetFailover,
        [ValidateSet('TcpIp', 'NamedPipes', 'Multiprotocol', 'AppleTalk', 'BanyanVines', 'Via', 'SharedMemory', 'NWLinkIpxSpx')]
        [string]$NetworkProtocol,
        [switch]$NonPooledConnection,
        [int]$PacketSize,
        [int]$PooledConnectionLifetime,
        [ValidateSet('CaptureSql', 'ExecuteAndCaptureSql', 'ExecuteSql')]
        [string]$SqlExecutionModes,
        [int]$StatementTimeout,
        [switch]$TrustServerCertificate,
        [string]$WorkstationId,
        [string]$AppendConnectionString
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            if ($instance.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
                return $instance.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
            }
            else {
                $guid = [System.Guid]::NewGuid()
                $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $guid

                if ($AppendConnectionString) {
                    $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                    $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = "$connstring;$appendconnectionstring"
                    $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                }
                else {

                    $server.ConnectionContext.ApplicationName = $clientname

                    if ($AccessToken) { $server.ConnectionContext.AccessToken = $AccessToken }
                    if ($BatchSeparator) { $server.ConnectionContext.BatchSeparator = $BatchSeparator }
                    if ($ConnectTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectTimeout = $ConnectTimeout }
                    if ($Database) { $server.ConnectionContext.DatabaseName = $Database }
                    if ($EncryptConnection) { $server.ConnectionContext.EncryptConnection = $true }
                    if ($IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth) { $server.ConnectionContext.IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth = $true }
                    if ($LockTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.LockTimeout = $LockTimeout }
                    if ($MaxPoolSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.MaxPoolSize = $MaxPoolSize }
                    if ($MinPoolSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.MinPoolSize = $MinPoolSize }
                    if ($MultipleActiveResultSets) { $server.ConnectionContext.MultipleActiveResultSets = $true }
                    if ($NetworkProtocol) { $server.ConnectionContext.NetworkProtocol = $NetworkProtocol }
                    if ($NonPooledConnection) { $server.ConnectionContext.NonPooledConnection = $true }
                    if ($PacketSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.PacketSize = $PacketSize }
                    if ($PooledConnectionLifetime) { $server.ConnectionContext.PooledConnectionLifetime = $PooledConnectionLifetime }
                    if ($StatementTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $StatementTimeout }
                    if ($SqlExecutionModes) { $server.ConnectionContext.SqlExecutionModes = $SqlExecutionModes }
                    if ($TrustServerCertificate) { $server.ConnectionContext.TrustServerCertificate = $true }
                    if ($WorkstationId) { $server.ConnectionContext.WorkstationId = $WorkstationId }

                    $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                    if ($MultiSubnetFailover) { $connstring = "$connstring;MultiSubnetFailover=True" }
                    if ($FailoverPartner) { $connstring = "$connstring;Failover Partner=$FailoverPartner" }
                    if ($ApplicationIntent) { $connstring = "$connstring;ApplicationIntent=$ApplicationIntent;" }

                    if ($connstring -ne $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString) {
                        $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = $connstring
                    }
                    if ($null -ne $Credential.username) {
                        $username = ($Credential.username).TrimStart("\")

                        if ($username -like "*\*") {
                            $username = $username.Split("\")[1]
                            $authtype = "Windows Authentication with Credential"
                            $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $true
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUser = $true
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserName = $username
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserPassword = ($Credential).GetNetworkCredential().Password
                        }
                        else {
                            $authtype = "SQL Authentication"
                            $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $false
                            $server.ConnectionContext.set_Login($username)
                            $server.ConnectionContext.set_SecurePassword($Credential.Password)
                        }
                    }

                    ($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString).Replace($guid, $SqlInstance)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaSqlConnectionStringBuilder {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder with the string specified
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Creates a System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder from a connection string.
 
        .PARAMETER ConnectionString
            A Connection String
 
        .PARAMETER ApplicationName
            The application name to tell SQL Server the connection is associated with.
 
        .PARAMETER DataSource
            The Sql Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER InitialCatalog
            The initial database on the server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER IntegratedSecurity
            Set to true to use windows authentication.
 
        .PARAMETER UserName
            Sql User Name to connect with.
 
        .PARAMETER Password
            Password to use to connect with.
 
        .PARAMETER MultipleActiveResultSets
            Enable Multiple Active Result Sets.
 
        .PARAMETER ColumnEncryptionSetting
            Enable Always Encrypted.
 
        .PARAMETER WorkstationID
            Set the Workstation Id that is associated with the connection.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: zippy1981
            Tags: SqlBuild, ConnectionString, Connection
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaSqlConnectionStringBuilder
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaSqlConnectionStringBuilder
 
            Returns an empty ConnectionStringBuilder
 
        .EXAMPLE
            "Data Source=localhost,1433;Initial Catalog=AlwaysEncryptedSample;UID=sa;PWD=alwaysB3Encrypt1ng;Application Name=Always Encrypted Sample MVC App;Column Encryption Setting=enabled" | New-DbaSqlConnectionStringBuilder
 
            Returns a connection string builder that can be used to connect to the local sql server instance on the default port.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingUserNameAndPassWordParams", "")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]$ConnectionString = "",
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$ApplicationName = "dbatools Powershell Module",
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$DataSource = $null,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$InitialCatalog = $null,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Nullable[bool]]$IntegratedSecurity = $null,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$UserName = $null,
        # No point in securestring here, the memory is never stored securely in memory.
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$Password = $null,
        [Alias('MARS')]
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$MultipleActiveResultSets,
        [Alias('AlwaysEncrypted')]
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]$ColumnEncryptionSetting =
        [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]::Enabled,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$WorkstationId = $env:COMPUTERNAME
    )
    process {
        foreach ($cs in $ConnectionString) {
            $builder = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder $cs
            if ($builder.ApplicationName -eq ".Net SqlClient Data Provider") {
                $builder['Application Name'] = $ApplicationName
            }
            if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($DataSource)) {
                $builder['Data Source'] = $DataSource
            }
            if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($InitialCatalog)) {
                $builder['Initial Catalog'] = $InitialCatalog
            }
            if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($IntegratedSecurity)) {
                $builder['Integrated Security'] = $IntegratedSecurity
            }
            if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($UserName)) {
                $builder["User ID"] = $UserName
            }
            if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Password)) {
                $builder['Password'] = $Password
            }
            if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($WorkstationId)) {
                $builder['Workstation ID'] = $WorkstationId
            }
            if ($MultipleActiveResultSets -eq $true) {
                $builder['MultipleActiveResultSets'] = $true
            }
            if ($ColumnEncryptionSetting -eq [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]::Enabled) {
                $builder['Column Encryption Setting'] = [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]::Enabled
            }
            $builder
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaSqlDirectory {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Creates new path as specified by the path variable
 
.DESCRIPTION
Uses master.dbo.xp_create_subdir to create the path
Returns $true if the path can be created, $false otherwise
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server you want to run the test on.
 
.PARAMETER Path
The Path to tests. Can be a file or directory.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows
credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
 
.NOTES
Tags:
Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
Requires: Admin access to server (not SQL Services),
Remoting must be enabled and accessible if $SqlInstance is not local
 
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/New-DbaSqlDirectory
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP
 
If the SQL Server instance sqlcluster can create the path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP it will do and return $true, if not it will return $false.
 
.EXAMPLE
$credential = Get-Credential
New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance sqlcluster -SqlCredential $credential -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP
 
If the SQL Server instance sqlcluster can create the path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP it will do and return $true, if not it will return $false. Uses a SqlCredential to connect
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([bool])]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Path,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

    $Path = $Path.Replace("'", "''")

    $exists = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $Path

    if ($exists) {
        Write-Warning "$Path already exists"
        return
    }

    $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.xp_create_subdir'$path'"
    Write-Debug $sql

    try {
        $query = $server.Query($sql)
        $Created = $true
    }
    catch {
        $Created = $false
    }

    [pscustomobject]@{
        Server  = $SqlInstance
        Path    = $Path
        Created = $Created
    }
}
function New-DbaSsisCatalog {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Enables the SSIS Catalog on a SQL Server 2012+
 
.DESCRIPTION
After installing the SQL Server Engine and SSIS you still have to enable the SSIS Catalog. This function will enable the catalog and gives the option of supplying the password.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server you wish to run the function on.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credentials used to connect to the SQL Server
 
.PARAMETER Password
Required password that will be used for the security key in SSISDB.
 
.PARAMETER SsisCatalog
SSIS catalog name. By default, this is SSISDB.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
Tags:
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/New-DbaSsisCatalog
 
.EXAMPLE
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString MyVisiblePassWord -AsPlainText -Force
New-DbaSsisCatalog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Password $password
 
Creates the SSIS Catalog on server DEV01 with the specified password.
 
.EXAMPLE
$password = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter password"
New-DbaSsisCatalog -SqlInstance DEV01 -Password $password
 
Creates the SSIS Catalog on server DEV01 with the specified password.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Security.SecureString]$Password,
        [string]$SsisCatalog = "SSISDB",
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            ## check if SSIS and Engine running on box
            $services = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $server.NetName

            $ssisservice = $Services | Where-Object { $_.ServiceType -eq "SSIS" -and $_.State -eq "Running" }

            if (-not $ssisservice) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SSIS is not running on $instance" -Continue -Target $instance
            }

            #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
            $clrenabled = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Config IsSqlClrEnabled

            if (!$clrenabled.RunningValue) {
                Stop-Function -Message 'CLR Integration must be enabled. You can enable it by running Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sql2012 -Config IsSqlClrEnabled -Value $true' -Continue -Target $instance
            }

            try {
                $ssis = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices.IntegrationServices $server
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't load server" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($ssis.Catalogs[$SsisCatalog]) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SSIS Catalog already exists" -Continue -Target $ssis.Catalogs[$SsisCatalog]
            }
            else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Creating SSIS catalog: $SsisCatalog")) {
                    try {
                        $ssisdb = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices.Catalog ($ssis, $SsisCatalog, $(([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)))))
                        $ssisdb.Create()

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            SsisCatalog  = $SsisCatalog
                            Created      = $true
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create SSIS Catalog: $_" -Target $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbatoolsSupportPackage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Creates a package of troubleshooting information that can be used by dbatools to help debug issues.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    This function creates an extensive debugging package that can help with reproducing and fixing issues.
 
    The file will be created on the desktop by default and will contain quite a bit of information:
        - OS Information
        - Hardware Information (CPU, Ram, things like that)
        - .NET Information
        - PowerShell Information
        - Your input history
        - The In-Memory message log
        - The In-Memory error log
        - Screenshot of the console buffer (Basically, everything written in your current console, even if you have to scroll upwards to see it.
 
    .PARAMETER Path
    The folder where to place the output xml in.
 
    .PARAMETER Variables
    Name of additional variables to attach.
    This allows you to add the content of variables to the support package, if you believe them to be relevant to the case.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Fred Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)
    Tags: Debug
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/New-DbatoolsSupportPackage
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbatoolsSupportPackage
 
    Creates a large support pack in order to help us troubleshoot stuff.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string]
        $Path = "$($env:USERPROFILE)\Desktop",

        [string[]]
        $Variables,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        #region Helper functions
        function Get-ShellBuffer {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param ()

            try {
                # Define limits
                $rec = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.Rectangle
                $rec.Left = 0
                $rec.Right = $host.ui.rawui.BufferSize.Width - 1
                $rec.Top = 0
                $rec.Bottom = $host.ui.rawui.BufferSize.Height - 1

                # Load buffer
                $buffer = $host.ui.rawui.GetBufferContents($rec)

                # Convert Buffer to list of strings
                $int = 0
                $lines = @()
                while ($int -le $rec.Bottom) {
                    $n = 0
                    $line = ""
                    while ($n -le $rec.Right) {
                        $line += $buffer[$int, $n].Character
                        $n++
                    }
                    $line = $line.TrimEnd()
                    $lines += $line
                    $int++
                }

                # Measure empty lines at the beginning
                $int = 0
                $temp = $lines[$int]
                while ($temp -eq "") { $int++; $temp = $lines[$int] }

                # Measure empty lines at the end
                $z = $rec.Bottom
                $temp = $lines[$z]
                while ($temp -eq "") { $z--; $temp = $lines[$z] }

                # Skip the line launching this very function
                $z--

                # Measure empty lines at the end (continued)
                $temp = $lines[$z]
                while ($temp -eq "") { $z--; $temp = $lines[$z] }

                # Cut results to the limit and return them
                return $lines[$int .. $z]
            }
            catch { }
        }
        #endregion Helper functions
    }
    PROCESS {
        $filePathXml = "$($Path.Trim('\'))\dbatools_support_pack_$(Get-Date -Format "yyyy_MM_dd-HH_mm_ss").xml"
        $filePathZip = $filePathXml -replace "\.xml$", ".zip"

        Write-Message -Level Critical -Message @"
Gathering information...
Will write the final output to: $filePathZip
 
Please submit this file to the team, to help with troubleshooting whatever issue you encountered.
Be aware that this package contains a lot of information including your input history in the console.
Please make sure no sensitive data (such as passwords) can be caught this way.
 
Ideally start a new console, perform the minimal steps required to reproduce the issue, then run this command.
This will make it easier for us to troubleshoot and you won't be sending us the keys to your castle.
"@

        $hash = @{ }
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting dbatools logged messages (Get-DbatoolsLog)"
        $hash["Messages"] = Get-DbatoolsLog
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting dbatools logged errors (Get-DbatoolsLog -Errors)"
        $hash["Errors"] = Get-DbatoolsLog -Errors
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting copy of console buffer (what you can see on your console)"
        $hash["ConsoleBuffer"] = Get-ShellBuffer
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting Operating System information (Win32_OperatingSystem)"
        $hash["OperatingSystem"] = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting CPU information (Win32_Processor)"
        $hash["CPU"] = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_Processor
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting Ram information (Win32_PhysicalMemory)"
        $hash["Ram"] = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PhysicalMemory
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting PowerShell & .NET Version (`$PSVersionTable)"
        $hash["PSVersion"] = $PSVersionTable
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting Input history (Get-History)"
        $hash["History"] = Get-History
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting list of loaded modules (Get-Module)"
        $hash["Modules"] = Get-Module
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting list of loaded snapins (Get-PSSnapin)"
        $hash["SnapIns"] = Get-PSSnapin
        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting list of loaded assemblies (Name, Version, and Location)"
        $hash["Assemblies"] = [appdomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Select-Object CodeBase, FullName, Location, ImageRuntimeVersion, GlobalAssemblyCache, IsDynamic

        if (Test-Bound "Variables") {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Adding variables specified for export: $($Variables -join ", ")"
            $hash["Variables"] = $Variables | Get-Variable -ErrorAction Ignore
        }

        $data = [pscustomobject]$hash

        try { $data | Export-Clixml -Path $filePathXml -ErrorAction Stop }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to export dump to file!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $filePathXml
            return
        }

        try { Compress-Archive -Path $filePathXml -DestinationPath $filePathZip -ErrorAction Stop }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to pack dump-file into a zip archive. Please do so manually before submitting the results as the unpacked xml file will be rather large." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $filePathZip
            return
        }

        Remove-Item -Path $filePathXml -ErrorAction Ignore
    }
    END {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
function New-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Creates a new XESession object - for the dogged.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Creates a new XESession object - for the dogged (very manual, Import-DbaXESession is recommended). See the following for more info:
 
            https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/extended-events/use-the-powershell-provider-for-extended-events
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            The Name of the session to be created.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESession
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $session = New-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Name XeSession_Test
            $event = $session.AddEvent("sqlserver.file_written")
            $event.AddAction("package0.callstack")
            $session.Create()
 
            Returns a new XE Session object from sql2017 then adds an event, an action then creates it.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Name,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $store = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection

            $store.CreateSession($Name)
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaXESmartCsvWriter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This Response type is used to write Extended Events to a CSV file.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This Response type is used to write Extended Events to a CSV file.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputFile
            Specifies the path to the output CSV file.
 
        .PARAMETER Overwrite
            Specifies whether any existiting file should be overwritten or not.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputColumn
            Specifies the list of columns to output from the events. XESmartTarget will capture in memory and write to the target table only the columns (fields or targets) that are present in this list.
 
            Fields and actions are matched in a case-sensitive manner.
 
            Expression columns are supported. Specify a column with ColumnName AS Expression to add an expression column (Example: Total AS Reads + Writes)
 
        .PARAMETER Event
            Specifies a list of events to be processed (with others being ignored. By default, all events are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Filter
            Specifies a filter expression in the same form as you would use in the WHERE clause of a SQL query.
 
            Example: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartCsvWriter
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $columns = "cpu_time", "duration", "physical_reads", "logical_reads", "writes", "row_count"
            $response = New-DbaXESmartCsvWriter -OutputFile c:\temp\workload.csv -OutputColumn $columns -OverWrite -Event "sql_batch_completed"
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017 -Session "Profiler Standard" -Responder $response
 
            Writes Extended Events to the file "C:\temp\workload.csv".
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$OutputFile,
        [switch]$Overwrite,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string[]]$OutputColumn,
        [string]$Filter,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        try {
            $writer = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.CsvAppenderResponse
            $writer.OutputFile = $OutputFile
            $writer.OverWrite = $Overwrite
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                $writer.Events = $Event
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "OutputColumn") {
                $writer.OutputColumns = $OutputColumn
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                $writer.Filter = $Filter
            }
            $writer
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaXESmartEmail {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This Response type can be used to send an email each time an event is captured.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This Response type can be used to send an email each time an event is captured.
 
        .PARAMETER SmtpServer
            Address of the SMTP server for outgoing mail.
 
        .PARAMETER Sender
            Sender's email address.
 
        .PARAMETER To
            Address of the To recipient(s).
 
        .PARAMETER Cc
            Address of the Cc recipient(s).
 
        .PARAMETER Bcc
            Address of the Bcc recipient(s).
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object containing username and password used to authenticate on the SMTP server. When blank, no authentication is performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Subject
            Subject of the mail message. Accepts placeholders in the text.
 
            Placeholders are in the form {PropertyName}, where PropertyName is one of the fields or actions available in the Event object.
 
            For instance, a valid Subject in a configuration file looks like this: "An event of name {Name} occurred at {collection_time}"
 
        .PARAMETER Body
            Body of the mail message. The body can be static text or any property taken from the underlying event. See Subject for a description of how placeholders work.
 
        .PARAMETER Attachment
            Data to attach to the email message. At this time, it can be any of the fields/actions of the underlying event. The data from the field/action is attached to the message as an ASCII stream. A single attachment is supported.
 
        .PARAMETER AttachmentFileName
            File name to assign to the attachment.
 
        .PARAMETER PlainText
            If this switch is enabled, the email will be sent in plain text. By default, HTML formatting is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Event
            Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Filter
            You can specify a filter expression by using this attribute. The filter expression is in the same form that you would use in a SQL query. For example, a valid example looks like this: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartEmail
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $params = @{
                SmtpServer = "smtp.ad.local"
                To = "admin@ad.local"
                Sender = "reports@ad.local"
                Subject = "Query executed"
                Body = "Query executed at {collection_time}"
                Attachment = "batch_text"
                AttachmentFileName = "query.sql"
            }
            $emailresponse = New-DbaXESmartEmail @params
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session querytracker -Responder $emailresponse
 
            Sends an email each time a querytracker event is captured.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$SmtpServer,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Sender,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$To,
        [string[]]$Cc,
        [string[]]$Bcc,
        [pscredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Subject,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Body,
        [string]$Attachment,
        [string]$AttachmentFileName,
        [string]$PlainText,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string]$Filter,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        try {
            $email = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.EmailResponse
            $email.SmtpServer = $SmtpServer
            $email.Sender = $Sender
            $email.To = $To
            $email.Cc = $Cc
            $email.Bcc = $Bcc
            $email.Subject = $Subject
            $email.Body = $Body
            $email.Attachment = $Attachment
            $email.AttachmentFileName = $AttachmentFileName
            $email.HTMLFormat = ($PlainText -eq $false)
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                $email.Events = $Event
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                $email.Filter = $Filter
            }

            if ($Credential) {
                $email.UserName = $Credential.UserName
                $email.Password = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }

            $email
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaXESmartQueryExec {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This Response type executes a T-SQL command against a target database whenever an event is recorded.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This Response type executes a T-SQL command against a target database whenever an event is recorded.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the name of the database that contains the target table.
 
        .PARAMETER Query
            The T-SQL command to execute. This string can contain placeholders for properties taken from the events.
 
            Placeholders are in the form {PropertyName}, where PropertyName is one of the fields or actions available in the Event object.
 
        .PARAMETER Event
            Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Filter
            You can specify a filter expression by using this attribute. The filter expression is in the same form that you would use in a SQL query. For example, a valid example looks like this: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000
             
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartQueryExec
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $response = New-DbaXESmartQueryExec -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Query "update table set whatever = 1"
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response
             
            Executes a T-SQL command against dbadb on sql2017 whenever a deadlock event is recorded.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$Query,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string]$Filter
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $execute = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.ExecuteTSQLResponse
            $execute.ServerName = $server.Name
            $execute.DatabaseName = $Database
            $execute.TSQL = $Query

            if ($SqlCredential) {
                $execute.UserName = $SqlCredential.UserName
                $execute.Password = $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                $execute.Events = $Event
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                $execute.Filter = $Filter
            }

            $execute
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaXESmartReplay {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This Response type can be used to replay execution related events to a target SQL Server instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This Response type can be used to replay execution related events to a target SQL Server instance. The events that you can replay are of the type sql_batch_completed and rpc_completed: all other events are ignored.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Name of the initial catalog to connect to. Statements will be replayed by changing database to the same database where the event was originally captured, so this property only controls the initial database to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER Event
            Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Filter
            Specifies a filter expression in the same form as you would use in the WHERE clause of a SQL query.
 
            Example: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000
 
        .PARAMETER DelaySeconds
            Specifies the duration of the delay in seconds.
 
        .PARAMETER ReplayIntervalSeconds
            Specifies the duration of the replay interval in seconds.
 
        .PARAMETER StopOnError
            If this switch is enabled, the replay will be stopped when the first error is encountered. By default, error messages are piped to the log and console output, and replay proceeds.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartReplay
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $response = New-DbaXESmartReplay -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database planning
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session loadrelay -Responder $response
 
            Replays events from sql2016 on sql2017 in the planning database. Returns a PowerShell job object.
 
            To see a list of all SmartTarget job objects, use Get-DbaXESmartTarget.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $response = New-DbaXESmartReplay -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database planning
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session 'Profiler Standard' -Responder $response -NotAsJob
 
            Replays events from the 'Profiler Standard' session on sql2016 to sql2017's planning database. Does not run as a job so you can see the raw output.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [string[]]$Event = "sql_batch_completed",
        [string]$Filter,
        [int]$DelaySeconds,
        [switch]$StopOnError,
        [int]$ReplayIntervalSeconds,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $replay = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.ReplayResponse
                $replay.ServerName = $instance
                $replay.DatabaseName = $Database
                $replay.Events = $Event
                $replay.StopOnError = $StopOnError
                $replay.Filter = $Filter
                $replay.DelaySeconds = $DelaySeconds
                $replay.ReplayIntervalSeconds = $ReplayIntervalSeconds

                if ($SqlCredential) {
                    $replay.UserName = $SqlCredential.UserName
                    $replay.Password = $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                }

                $replay
            }
            catch {
                $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException | Out-String
                Stop-Function -Message $message -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaXESmartTableWriter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This Response type is used to write Extended Events to a database table.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This Response type is used to write Extended Events to a database table. The events are temporarily stored in memory before being written to the database at regular intervals.
 
            The target table can be created manually upfront or you can let the TableAppenderResponse create a target table based on the fields and actions available in the events captured.
 
            The columns of the target table and the fields/actions of the events are mapped by name (case-sensitive).
 
       .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the name of the database that contains the target table.
 
        .PARAMETER Table
            Specifies the name of the target table.
 
        .PARAMETER AutoCreateTargetTable
            If this switch is enabled, XESmartTarget will infer the definition of the target table from the columns captured in the Extended Events session.
 
            If the target table already exists, it will not be recreated.
 
        .PARAMETER UploadIntervalSeconds
            Specifies the number of seconds XESmartTarget will keep the events in memory before dumping them to the target table. The default is 10 seconds.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputColumn
            Specifies the list of columns to output from the events. XESmartTarget will capture in memory and write to the target table only the columns (fields or targets) that are present in this list.
 
            Fields and actions are matched in a case-sensitive manner.
 
            Expression columns are supported. Specify a column with ColumnName AS Expression to add an expression column (Example: Total AS Reads + Writes)
 
        .PARAMETER Event
            Specifies a list of events to be processed (with others being ignored. By default, all events are processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Filter
            Specifies a filter expression in the same form as you would use in the WHERE clause of a SQL query.
 
            Example: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartTableWriter
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $columns = "cpu_time", "duration", "physical_reads", "logical_reads", "writes", "row_count", "batch_text"
            $response = New-DbaXESmartTableWriter -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Table deadlocktracker -OutputColumns $columns -Filter "duration > 10000"
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response
             
            Writes Extended Events to the deadlocktracker table in dbadb on sql2017.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Table,
        [switch]$AutoCreateTargetTable,
        [int]$UploadIntervalSeconds = 10,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string[]]$OutputColumn,
        [string]$Filter,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $writer = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.TableAppenderResponse
                $writer.ServerName = $server.Name
                $writer.DatabaseName = $Database
                $writer.TableName = $Table
                $writer.AutoCreateTargetTable = $AutoCreateTargetTable
                $writer.UploadIntervalSeconds = $UploadIntervalSeconds
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                    $writer.Events = $Event
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "OutputColumn") {
                    $writer.OutputColumns = $OutputColumn
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                    $writer.Filter = $Filter
                }
                $writer
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Publish-DbaDacpac {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            The Publish-Database command takes a dacpac which is the output from an SSDT project and publishes it to a database. Changing the schema to match the dacpac and also to run any scripts in the dacpac (pre/post deploy scripts).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Deploying a dacpac uses the DacFx which historically needed to be installed on a machine prior to use. In 2016 the DacFx was supplied by Microsoft as a nuget package and this uses that nuget package.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the filesystem path to the DACPAC
 
        .PARAMETER PublishXml
            Specifies the publish profile which will include options and sqlCmdVariables.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the name of the database being published.
 
        .PARAMETER ConnectionString
            Specifies the connection string to the database you are upgrading. This is not required if SqlInstance is specified.
 
        .PARAMETER GenerateDeploymentScript
            If this switch is enabled, the publish script will be generated.
 
        .PARAMETER GenerateDeploymentReport
            If this switch is enabled, the publish XML report will be generated.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputPath
            Specifies the filesystem path (directory) where output files will be generated.
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptOnly
            If this switch is enabled, only the change scripts will be generated.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSqlCmdVars
            If this switch is enabled, SqlCmdVars in publish.xml will have their values overwritten.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Database, Dacpac
            Author: Richie lee (@bzzzt_io)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Publish-DbaDacpac
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Publish-DbaDacpac -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database WideWorldImporters -Path C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters.dacpac -PublishXml C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters-publish.xml
 
            Updates WideWorldImporters on sql2017 from the sql2016-WideWorldImporters.dacpac using the sql2016-WideWorldImporters-publish.xml publish profile
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaPublishProfile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db2 -Path C:\temp
            Export-DbaDacpac -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db2 | Publish-DbaDacpac -PublishXml C:\temp\sql2016-db2-publish.xml -Database db1, db2 -SqlInstance sql2017
 
            Creates a publish profile at C:\temp\sql2016-db2-publish.xml, exports the .dacpac to $home\Documents\sql2016-db2.dacpac
            then publishes it to the sql2017 server database db2
 
  #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [string]$Path,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$PublishXml,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ConnectionString,
        [switch]$GenerateDeploymentScript,
        [switch]$GenerateDeploymentReport,
        [Switch]$ScriptOnly,
        [string]$OutputPath = "$home\Documents",
        [switch]$IncludeSqlCmdVars,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ConnectionString)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either SqlInstance or ConnectionString."
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript) -or (Test-Bound -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentReport)) {
            $defaultcolumns = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Dacpac', 'PublishXml', 'Result', 'DatabaseScriptPath', 'MasterDbScriptPath', 'DeploymentReport', 'DeployOptions', 'SqlCmdVariableValues'
        }
        else {
            $defaultcolumns = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Dacpac', 'PublishXml', 'Result', 'DeployOptions', 'SqlCmdVariableValues'
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName ScriptOnly) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must at least one of GenerateDeploymentScript or GenerateDeploymentReport when using ScriptOnly"
        }

        function Get-ServerName ($connstring) {
            $builder = New-Object System.Data.Common.DbConnectionStringBuilder
            $builder.set_ConnectionString($connstring)
            $instance = $builder['data source']

            if (-not $instance) {
                $instance = $builder['server']
            }

            return $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '-')
        }

        $dacfxPath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll"
        if ((Test-Path $dacfxPath) -eq $false) {
            Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -EnableException $EnableException
        }
        else {
            try {
                Add-Type -Path $dacfxPath
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dac Fx loaded."
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path not found!"
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $PublishXml)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$PublishXml not found!"
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $ConnectionString += $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString.Replace('"', "'")
        }

        try {
            $dacPackage = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacPackage]::Load($Path)
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load package." -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        try {
            $dacProfile = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacProfile]::Load($PublishXml)
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load profile." -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        if ($IncludeSqlCmdVars) {
            Get-SqlCmdVars -SqlCommandVariableValues $dacProfile.DeployOptions.SqlCommandVariableValues
        }

        foreach ($connstring in $ConnectionString) {
            $cleaninstance = Get-ServerName $connstring
            $instance = $cleaninstance.ToString().Replace('--', '\')

            foreach ($dbname in $database) {
                if ($GenerateDeploymentScript -or $GenerateDeploymentReport) {
                    $timeStamp = (Get-Date).ToString("yyMMdd_HHmmss_f")
                    $DatabaseScriptPath = Join-Path $OutputPath "$cleaninstance-$dbname`_DeployScript_$timeStamp.sql"
                    $MasterDbScriptPath = Join-Path $OutputPath "$cleaninstance-$dbname`_Master.DeployScript_$timeStamp.sql"
                    $DeploymentReport = Join-Path $OutputPath "$cleaninstance-$dbname`_Result.DeploymentReport_$timeStamp.xml"
                }

                if ($connstring -notmatch 'Database=') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;Database=$dbname"
                }

                try {
                    $dacServices = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServices $connstring
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }

                $options = @{
                    GenerateDeploymentScript = $GenerateDeploymentScript
                    GenerateDeploymentReport = $GenerateDeploymentReport
                    DatabaseScriptPath       = $DatabaseScriptPath
                    MasterDbScriptPath       = $MasterDbScriptPath
                    DeployOptions            = $dacProfile.DeployOptions
                }

                try {
                    $global:output = @()
                    Register-ObjectEvent -InputObject $dacServices -EventName "Message" -SourceIdentifier "msg" -Action { $global:output += $EventArgs.Message.Message } | Out-Null
                    if ($ScriptOnly) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Generating script."
                        $result = $dacServices.Script($dacPackage, $dbname, $options)
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing Deployment."
                        $result = $dacServices.Publish($dacPackage, $dbname, $options)
                    }
                }
                catch [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServicesException] {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Deployment failed" -ErrorRecord $_ -EnableException $true
                }
                finally {
                    Unregister-Event -SourceIdentifier "msg"
                    if ($GenerateDeploymentReport) {
                        $result.DeploymentReport | Out-File $DeploymentReport
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deployment Report - $DeploymentReport."
                    }
                    if ($GenerateDeploymentScript) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database change script - $DatabaseScriptPath."
                        if ((Test-Path $MasterDbScriptPath)) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Master database change script - $($result.MasterDbScript)."
                        }
                    }
                    $resultoutput = ($global:output -join "`r`n" | Out-String).Trim()
                    if ($resultoutput -match "Failed" -and ($GenerateDeploymentReport -or $GenerateDeploymentScript)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Seems like the attempt to publish/script may have failed. If scripts have not generated load dacpac into Visual Studio to check SQL is valid."
                    }
                    $server = [dbainstance]$instance
                    $deployOptions = $dacProfile.DeployOptions | Select-Object -Property * -ExcludeProperty "SqlCommandVariableValues"
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName         = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName         = $server.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance          = $server.FullName
                        Database             = $dbname
                        Result               = $resultoutput
                        Dacpac               = $Path
                        PublishXml           = $PublishXml
                        ConnectionString     = $connstring
                        DatabaseScriptPath   = $DatabaseScriptPath
                        MasterDbScriptPath   = $MasterDbScriptPath
                        DeploymentReport     = $DeploymentReport
                        DeployOptions        = $deployOptions
                        SqlCmdVariableValues = $dacProfile.DeployOptions.SqlCommandVariableValues.Keys

                    } | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaultcolumns
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Read-DbaBackupHeader {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Reads and displays detailed information about a SQL Server backup.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Reads full, differential and transaction log backups. An online SQL Server is required to parse the backup files and the path specified must be relative to that SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to use for parsing the backup files.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
             
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.i
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Path to SQL Server backup file. This can be a full, differential or log backup file. Accepts valid filesystem paths and URLs.
 
        .PARAMETER Simple
            If this switch is enabled, fewer columns are returned, giving an easy overview.
 
        .PARAMETER FileList
            If this switch is enabled, detailed information about the files within the backup is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER AzureCredential
            Name of the SQL Server credential that should be used for Azure storage access.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Read-DbaBackupHeader
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path S:\backups\mydb\mydb.bak
 
            Logs into sql2016 using Windows authentication and reads the local file on sql2016, S:\backups\mydb\mydb.bak.
 
            If you are running this command on a workstation and connecting remotely, remember that sql2016 cannot access files on your own workstation.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path \\nas\sql\backups\mydb\mydb.bak, \\nas\sql\backups\otherdb\otherdb.bak
 
            Logs into sql2016 and reads two backup files - mydb.bak and otherdb.bak. The SQL Server service account must have rights to read this file.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance . -Path C:\temp\myfile.bak -Simple
 
            Logs into the local workstation (or computer) and shows simplified output about C:\temp\myfile.bak. The SQL Server service account must have rights to read this file.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $backupinfo = Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance . -Path C:\temp\myfile.bak
            $backupinfo.FileList
 
            Displays detailed information about each of the datafiles contained in the backupset.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance . -Path C:\temp\myfile.bak -FileList
 
            Also returns detailed information about each of the datafiles contained in the backupset.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            "C:\temp\myfile.bak", "\backupserver\backups\myotherfile.bak" | Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Similar to running Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path "C:\temp\myfile.bak", "\backupserver\backups\myotherfile.bak"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-ChildItem \\nas\sql\*.bak | Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Gets a list of all .bak files on the \\nas\sql share and reads the headers using the server named "sql2016". This means that the server, sql2016, must have read access to the \\nas\sql share.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaBackupHeader -Path https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/restoretime/restoretime_201705131850.bak
            -AzureCredential AzureBackupUser
 
            Gets the backup header information from the SQL Server backup file stored at https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/restoretime/restoretime_201705131850.bak on Azure
    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", '')]
    <# AzureCredential is utilized in this command is not a formal Credential object. #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance,
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [switch]$FileList,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $loopCnt = 1
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $pathCount = $Path.Length
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$pathCount files to scan."
        foreach ($file in $Path) {
            if ($null -ne $file.FullName) {
                $file = $file.FullName
            }
            Write-Progress -Id 1 -Activity Updating -Status 'Progress' -CurrentOperation "Scanning Restore headers on File $loopCnt - $file."

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scanning file $file."
            $restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore
            if ($file -like 'http*') {
                $deviceType = 'URL'
                $restore.CredentialName = $AzureCredential
            }
            else {
                $deviceType = 'FILE'
            }
            $device = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem $file, $deviceType
            $restore.Devices.Add($device)
            if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $file) -or $deviceType -eq 'URL') {
                try {
                    $dataTable = $restore.ReadBackupHeader($server)
                }
                catch {
                    if ($deviceType -eq 'FILE') {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Problem found with $file." -Target $file -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException -Continue

                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to read $file, check credential $AzureCredential and network connectivity." -Target $file -ErrorRecord $_ -Excpetion $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                    }
                }

                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("FileList", [object])

                $mb = $dataTable.Columns.Add("BackupSizeMB", [int])
                $mb.Expression = "BackupSize / 1024 / 1024"
                $gb = $dataTable.Columns.Add("BackupSizeGB")
                $gb.Expression = "BackupSizeMB / 1024"

                if ($null -eq $dataTable.Columns['CompressedBackupSize']) {
                    $formula = "0"
                }
                else {
                    $formula = "CompressedBackupSize / 1024 / 1024"
                }

                $cmb = $dataTable.Columns.Add("CompressedBackupSizeMB", [int])
                $cmb.Expression = $formula
                $cgb = $dataTable.Columns.Add("CompressedBackupSizeGB")
                $cgb.Expression = "CompressedBackupSizeMB / 1024"

                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("SqlVersion")

                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("BackupPath")
                $dbVersion = $dataTable.Rows[0].DatabaseVersion

                $backupSlot = 1
                foreach ($row in $dataTable) {
                    $row.SqlVersion = (Convert-DbVersionToSqlVersion $dbVersion)
                    $row.BackupPath = $file
                    try {
                        $restore.FileNumber = $backupSlot
                        <# Select-Object does a quick and dirty conversion from datatable to PS object #>
                        $allFiles = $restore.ReadFileList($server) | Select-Object *
                    }
                    catch {
                        $shortName = Split-Path $file -Leaf
                        if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $file)) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "File $shortName does not exist or you do not have permission to access it. The SQL Server service account may not have access to the source directory." -Target $file -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "File list for $shortName could not be determined. This is likely due to the file not existing, the backup version being incompatible or unsupported, connectivity issues or timeouts with the SQL Server, or the SQL Server service account does not have access to the source directory." -Target $file -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    $row.FileList = $allFiles
                    $backupSlot++
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "File $shortName does not exist or access denied. The SQL Server service account may not have access to the source directory."
            }
            if ($Simple) {
                $dataTable | Select-Object DatabaseName, BackupFinishDate, RecoveryModel, BackupSizeMB, CompressedBackupSizeMB, DatabaseCreationDate, UserName, ServerName, SqlVersion, BackupPath
            }
            elseif ($FileList) {
                $dataTable.filelist
            }
            else {
                $dataTable
            }

            Remove-Variable dataTable -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
        $loopCnt++
    }
}
function Read-DbaTraceFile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Reads a trace file from specified SQL Server Database
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        Using the fn_trace_gettable function, a trace file is read and returned as a PowerShell object
 
        This function returns the whole of the trace file. The information is presented in the format that the trace subsystem uses.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
        .PARAMETER Path
        Path to the trace file. This path is relative to the SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
        Search for results only with specific DatabaseName. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
        Search for results only with specific Logins. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER Spid
        Search for results only with specific Spids. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER EventClass
        Search for results only with specific EventClasses. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER ObjectType
        Search for results only with specific ObjectTypes. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER Error
        Search for results only with specific Errors. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER EventSequence
        Search for results only with specific EventSequences. Uses IN for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER TextData
        Search for results only with specific TextData. Uses LIKE for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER ApplicationName
        Search for results only with specific ApplicationNames. Uses LIKE for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER ObjectName
        Search for results only with specific ObjectNames. Uses LIKE for comparisons.
 
        .PARAMETER Where
        Custom where clause - use without the word "WHERE". Here are the available columns:
 
        TextData
        BinaryData
        DatabaseID
        TransactionID
        LineNumber
        NTUserName
        NTDomainName
        HostName
        ClientProcessID
        ApplicationName
        LoginName
        SPID
        Duration
        StartTime
        EndTime
        Reads
        Writes
        CPU
        Permissions
        Severity
        EventSubClass
        ObjectID
        Success
        IndexID
        IntegerData
        ServerName
        EventClass
        ObjectType
        NestLevel
        State
        Error
        Mode
        Handle
        ObjectName
        DatabaseName
        FileName
        OwnerName
        RoleName
        TargetUserName
        DBUserName
        LoginSid
        TargetLoginName
        TargetLoginSid
        ColumnPermissions
        LinkedServerName
        ProviderName
        MethodName
        RowCounts
        RequestID
        XactSequence
        EventSequence
        BigintData1
        BigintData2
        GUID
        IntegerData2
        ObjectID2
        Type
        OwnerID
        ParentName
        IsSystem
        Offset
        SourceDatabaseID
        SqlHandle
        SessionLoginName
        PlanHandle
        GroupID
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Read-DbaTraceFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master, tempdb -Path C:\traces\big.trc
 
        Reads the tracefile C:\traces\big.trc, stored on the sql2016 sql server. Filters only results that have master or tempdb as the DatabaseName.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Read-DbaTraceFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master, tempdb -Path C:\traces\big.trc -TextData 'EXEC SP_PROCOPTION'
 
        Reads the tracefile C:\traces\big.trc, stored on the sql2016 sql server.
        Filters only results that have master or tempdb as the DatabaseName and that have 'EXEC SP_PROCOPTION' somewhere in the text.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Read-DbaTraceFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path C:\traces\big.trc -Where "LinkedServerName = 'myls' and StartTime > '5/30/2017 4:27:52 PM'"
 
        Reads the tracefile C:\traces\big.trc, stored on the sql2016 sql server.
        Filters only results where LinkServerName = myls and StartTime is greater than '5/30/2017 4:27:52 PM'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2014 | Read-DbaTraceFile
 
        Reads every trace file on sql2014
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [int[]]$Spid,
        [string[]]$EventClass,
        [string[]]$ObjectType,
        [int[]]$Error,
        [int[]]$EventSequence,
        [string[]]$TextData,
        [string[]]$ApplicationName,
        [string[]]$ObjectName,
        [string]$Where,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        if ($where) {
            $Where = "where $where"
        }
        elseif ($Database -or $Login -or $Spid) {

            $tempwhere = @()

            if ($Database) {
                $where = $database -join "','"
                $tempwhere += "databasename in ('$where')"
            }

            if ($Login) {
                $where = $Login -join "','"
                $tempwhere += "LoginName in ('$where')"
            }

            if ($Spid) {
                $where = $Spid -join ","
                $tempwhere += "Spid in ($where)"
            }

            if ($EventClass) {
                $where = $EventClass -join ","
                $tempwhere += "EventClass in ($where)"
            }

            if ($ObjectType) {
                $where = $ObjectType -join ","
                $tempwhere += "ObjectType in ($where)"
            }

            if ($Error) {
                $where = $Error -join ","
                $tempwhere += "Error in ($where)"
            }

            if ($EventSequence) {
                $where = $EventSequence -join ","
                $tempwhere += "EventSequence in ($where)"
            }

            if ($TextData) {
                $where = $TextData -join "%','%"
                $tempwhere += "TextData like ('%$where%')"
            }

            if ($ApplicationName) {
                $where = $ApplicationName -join "%','%"
                $tempwhere += "ApplicationName like ('%$where%')"
            }

            if ($ObjectName) {
                $where = $ObjectName -join "%','%"
                $tempwhere += "ObjectName like ('%$where%')"
            }

            $tempwhere = $tempwhere -join " and "
            $Where = "where $tempwhere"
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            if (Test-Bound -Parameter Path) {
                $currentpath = $path
            }
            else {
                $currentpath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("Select path from sys.traces where is_default = 1")
            }

            foreach ($file in $currentpath) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Parsing $file"

                $exists = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $file

                if (!$exists) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Path does not exist" -Target $file
                    Continue
                }

                $sql = "select SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                 * FROM [fn_trace_gettable]('$file', DEFAULT) $Where"
                try {
                    $server.Query($sql)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error returned from SQL Server: $_" -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Read-DbaTransactionLog {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Reads the live Transaction log from specified SQL Server Database
 
.DESCRIPTION
Using the fn_dblog function, the live transaction log is read and returned as a PowerShell object
 
This function returns the whole of the log. The information is presented in the format that the logging subsystem uses.
 
A soft limit of 0.5GB of log as been implemented. This is based on testing. This limit can be overridden
at the users request, but please be aware that this may have an impact on your target databases and on the
system running this function
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
.PARAMETER Database
Database to read the transaction log of
 
.PARAMETER IgnoreLimit
Switch to indicate that you wish to bypass the recommended limits of the function
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Databases, Logs
Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
$Log = Read-DbaTransactionLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDatabase
 
Will read the contents of the transaction log of MyDatabase on SQL Server Instance sql2016 into the local PowerShell object $Log
 
.EXAMPLE
$Log = Read-DbaTransactionLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDatabase -IgnoreLimit
 
Will read the contents of the transaction log of MyDatabase on SQL Server Instance sql2016 into the local PowerShell object $Log, ignoring the recommnedation of not returning more that 0.5GB of log
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [object]$Database,
        [Switch]$IgnoreLimit,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    try {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
        return
    }

    if (-not $server.databases[$Database]) {
        Stop-Function -Message "$Database does not exist"
        return
    }

    if ($server.databases[$Database].Status -ne 'Normal') {
        Stop-Function -Message "$Database is not in a normal State, command will not run."
        return
    }

    if ($IgnoreLimit) {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Please be aware that ignoring the recommended limits may impact on the performance of the SQL Server database and the calling system"
    }
    else {
        #Warn if more than 0.5GB of live log. Dodgy conversion as SMO returns the value in an unhelpful format :(
        $SqlSizeCheck = "select
                                sum(FileProperty(sf.name,'spaceused')*8/1024) as 'SizeMb'
                                from sys.sysfiles sf
                                where CONVERT(INT,sf.status & 0x40) / 64=1"
        $TransLogSize = $server.Query($SqlSizeCheck, $Database)
        if ($TransLogSize.SizeMb -ge 500) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Database has more than 0.5 Gb of live log data, returning this may have an impact on the database and the calling system. If you wish to proceed please rerun with the -IgnoreLimit switch"
            return
        }
    }

    $sql = "select * from fn_dblog(NULL,NULL)"
    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Log retrieval"
    $server.Query($sql, $Database)

}
function Read-DbaXEFile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Read XEvents from a xel or xem file.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Read XEvents from a xel or xem file.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The path to the xel or xem file. This is relative to the computer executing the command. UNC paths are supported.
 
        .PARAMETER Exact
            If this switch is enabled, only an exact search will be used for the Path. By default, this command will add a wildcard to the Path because Eventing uses the file name as a template and adds characters.
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            If this switch is enabled, the Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.PublishedEvent enumeration object will be returned.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Read-DbaXEFile
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\deadocks.xel
 
            Returns events from C:\temp\deadocks.xel.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-ChildItem C:\temp\xe\*.xel | Read-DbaXEFile
 
            Returns events from all .xel files in C:\temp\xe.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2014 -Session deadlocks | Read-DbaXEFile
 
            Reads remote XEvents by accessing the file over the admin UNC share.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [switch]$Exact,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($file in $path) {
            # in order to ensure CSV gets all fields, all columns will be
            # collected and output in the first (all all subsequent) object
            $columns = @("name", "timestamp")

            if ($file -is [System.String]) {
                $currentfile = $file
                $manualadd = $true
            }
            elseif ($file -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                $currentfile = $file.FullName
                $manualadd = $true
            }
            else {
                if ($file -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported file type."
                    return
                }

                if ($file.TargetFile.Length -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "This session does not have an associated Target File."
                    return
                }

                $instance = [dbainstance]$file.ComputerName

                if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                    $currentfile = $file.TargetFile
                }
                else {
                    $currentfile = $file.RemoteTargetFile
                }
            }

            if (-not $Exact) {
                $currentfile = $currentfile.Replace('.xel', '*.xel')
                $currentfile = $currentfile.Replace('.xem', '*.xem')

                if ($currentfile -notmatch "xel" -and $currentfile -notmatch "xem") {
                    $currentfile =  "$currentfile*.xel"
                }
            }

            $accessible = Test-Path -Path $currentfile
            $whoami = whoami

            if (-not $accessible) {
                if ($file.Status -eq "Stopped") { continue }
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$currentfile cannot be accessed from $($env:COMPUTERNAME). Does $whoami have access?"
            }

            if ($raw) {
                return New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile)
            }

            $enum = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile)
            $newcolumns = ($enum.Fields.Name | Select-Object -Unique)

            $actions = ($enum.Actions.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($action in $actions) {
                $newcolumns += ($action -Split '\.')[-1]
            }

            $newcolumns = $newcolumns | Sort-Object
            $columns = ($columns += $newcolumns) | Select-Object -Unique

            # Make it selectable, otherwise it's a weird enumeration
            foreach ($event in (New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile))) {
                $hash = [ordered]@{ }

                foreach ($column in $columns) {
                    $null = $hash.Add($column, $event.$column)
                }

                foreach ($action in $event.Actions) {
                    $hash[$action.Name] = $action.Value
                }

                foreach ($field in $event.Fields) {
                    $hash[$field.Name] = $field.Value
                }

                [pscustomobject]$hash
            }
        }
    }
}
function Register-DbaConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Registers an existing configuration object in registry.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Registers an existing configuration object in registry.
        This allows simple persisting of settings across powershell consoles.
        It also can be used to generate a registry template, which can then be used to create policies.
 
    .PARAMETER Config
        The configuration object to write to registry.
        Can be retrieved using Get-DbaConfig.
 
    .PARAMETER FullName
        The full name of the setting to be written to registry.
 
    .PARAMETER Module
        The name of the module, whose settings should be written to registry.
 
    .PARAMETER Name
        Default: "*"
        Used in conjunction with the -Module parameter to restrict the number of configuration items written to registry.
 
    .PARAMETER Scope
        Default: UserDefault
        Who will be affected by this export how? Current user or all? Default setting or enforced?
        Legal values: UserDefault, UserMandatory, SystemDefault, SystemMandatory
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaConfig message.* | Register-DbaConfig
 
        Retrieves all configuration items that that start with message. and registers them in registry for the current user.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Register-DbaConfig -FullName "developer.mode.enable" -Scope SystemDefault
 
        Retrieves the configuration item "developer.mode.enable" and registers it in registry as the default setting for all users on this machine.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Register-DbaConfig -Module message -Scope SystemMandatory
 
        Retrieves all configuration items of the module MyModule, then registers them in registry to enforce them for all users on the current system.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Default", Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config[]]
        $Config,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Default", Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]
        $FullName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Name", Position = 0)]
        [string]
        $Module,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Name", Position = 1)]
        [string]
        $Name = "*",

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
        $Scope = "UserDefault",

        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $parSet = $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName

        function Write-Config {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config]
                $Config,

                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
                $Scope,

                [bool]
                $EnableException,

                [string]
                $FunctionName = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command
            )

            if (-not $Config -or ($Config.RegistryData -eq "<type not supported>")) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Input, cannot export $($Config.FullName), type not supported" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument -Target $Config -FunctionName $FunctionName #-ModuleName "PSFramework" -Tag "config", "fail"
                return
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Registering $($Config.FullName) for $Scope" -Target $Config -FunctionName $FunctionName #-ModuleName "PSFramework" -Tag "Config"
                #region User Default
                if (1 -band $Scope) {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path "HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Default" -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Default" -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion User Default

                #region User Mandatory
                if (2 -band $Scope) {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path "HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Enforced" -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Enforced" -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion User Mandatory

                #region System Default
                if (4 -band $Scope) {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Default" -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Default" -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion System Default

                #region System Mandatory
                if (8 -band $Scope) {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Enforced" -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsPowerShell\dbatools\Config\Enforced" -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion System Mandatory
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to export $($Config.FullName), to scope $Scope" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $Config -ErrorRecord $_ -FunctionName $FunctionName #-ModuleName "PSFramework" -Tag "config", "fail"
                return
            }
        }

        function Ensure-RegistryPath {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [string]
                $Path
            )

            if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
                $null = New-Item $Path -Force -ErrorAction Stop
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        switch ($parSet) {
            "Default" {
                foreach ($item in $Config) {
                    Write-Config -Config $item -Scope $Scope -EnableException $EnableException
                }

                foreach ($item in $FullName) {
                    if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.ContainsKey($item.ToLower())) {
                        Write-Config -Config ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$item.ToLower()]) -Scope $Scope -EnableException $EnableException
                    }
                }
            }
            "Name" {
                foreach ($item in ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object Module -EQ $Module | Where-Object Name -Like $Name)) {
                    Write-Config -Config $item -Scope $Scope -EnableException $EnableException
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {

    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Remove-DbaAgentJob removes a job.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Remove-DbaAgentJob removes a a job in the SQL Server Agent.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The name of the job. Can be null if the the job id is being used.
 
        .PARAMETER KeepHistory
            Specifies to keep the history for the job. By default history is deleted.
 
        .PARAMETER KeepUnusedSchedule
            Specifies to keep the schedules attached to this job if they are not attached to any other job.
            By default the unused schedule is deleted.
 
        .PARAMETER Mode
            Default: Strict
            How strict does the command take lesser issues?
            Strict: Interrupt if the job specified doesn't exist.
            Lazy: Silently skip over jobs that don't exist.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
            Tags: Agent, Job
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1
 
            Removes the job from the instance with the name Job1
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -KeepHistory
 
            Removes the job but keeps the history
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -KeepUnusedSchedule
 
            Removes the job but keeps the unused schedules
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1
 
            Removes the job from multiple servers
 
        .EXAMPLE
            sql1, sql2, sql3 | Remove-DbaAgentJob -Job Job1
 
            Removes the job from multiple servers using pipe line
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$KeepHistory,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$KeepUnusedSchedule,
        [DbaMode]$Mode = (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'message.mode.default' -Fallback "Strict"),
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing job $j"

                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    switch ($Mode) {
                        'Lazy' {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance." -Target $instance
                        }
                        'Strict' {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesn't exist on $instance." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the job $j")) {
                        try {
                            $currentJob = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]
                            $dropHistory = 1
                            $dropSchedule = 1
                            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName KeepHistory) {
                                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Job history will be kept"
                                $dropHistory = 0
                            }
                            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName KeepUnusedSchedule) {
                                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Unused job schedules will be kept"
                                $dropSchedule = 0
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Removing job"
                            $dropJobQuery = ("EXEC dbo.sp_delete_job @job_name = '{0}', @delete_history = {1}, @delete_unused_schedule = {2}" -f $currentJob.Name, $dropHistory, $dropSchedule)
                            $server.Databases['msdb'].ExecuteNonQuery($dropJobQuery)
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message  "Something went wrong removing the job" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing jobs(s)." -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory {

    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory removes a job category.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to remove a job category.
Be assured that the category you want to remove is not used with other jobs. If another job uses this category it will be get the category [Uncategorized (Local)].
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Category
The name of the category
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Category
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 1'
 
Remove the job category Category 1 from the instance.
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category Category1, Category2, Category3
 
Remove multiple job categories from the instance.
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Category Category1, Category2, Category3
 
Remove multiple job categories from the multiple instances.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Loop through each of the categories
            foreach ($cat in $Category) {

                # Check if the job category exists
                if ($cat -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $cat doesn't exist on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Remove the category
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the job category $Category")) {
                    try {
                        # Get the category
                        $currentCategory = $server.JobServer.JobCategories[$cat]

                        Write-Message -Message "Removing job category $cat" -Level Verbose

                        $currentCategory.Drop()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing the job category $cat on $instance" -Target $cat -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }

                } #if should process

            } # for each category

        } # for each instance

    } # end process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Removes a step from the specified SQL Agent job.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Removes a job step from a SQL Server Agent job.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
         
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The name of the job.
 
        .PARAMETER StepName
            The name of the job step.
 
        .PARAMETER Mode
            Default: Strict
            How strict does the command take lesser issues?
            Strict: Interrupt if the configuration already has the same value as the one specified.
            Lazy: Silently skip over instances that already have this configuration at the specified value.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
            Tags: Agent, Job, Job Step
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJobStep
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1
 
            Remove 'Step1' from job 'Job1' on sql1.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -StepName Step1
 
            Remove the job step from multiple jobs.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1
 
            Remove the job step from the job on multiple servers.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            sql1, sql2, sql3 | Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -Job Job1 -StepName Step1
 
            Remove the job step from the job on multiple servers using pipeline.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$StepName,
        [DbaMode]$Mode = (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'message.mode.default' -Fallback "Strict"),
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing job $j"
                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    switch ($Mode) {
                        'Lazy' {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance." -Target $instance
                        }
                        'Strict' {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesnn't exist on $instance." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    # Check if the job step exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -notcontains $StepName) {
                        switch ($Mode) {
                            'Lazy' {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Step $StepName doesn't exist for $job on $instance." -Target $instance
                            }
                            'Strict' {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Step $StepName doesn't exist for $job on $instance." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        # Execute
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the job step $StepName for job $j")) {
                            try {
                                $JobStep = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps[$StepName]
                                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Removing the job step $StepName for job $j."
                                $JobStep.Drop()
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing the job step" -Target $JobStep -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not remove the job step $StepName from $j"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing the jobs step(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Remove-DbaAgentJobSchedule removes a job schedule.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Remove-DbaAgentJobSchedule removes a a job in the SQL Server Agent.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Schedule
The name of the job schedule.
 
.PARAMETER ScheduleCollection
A collection of schedule (such as returned by Get-DbaAgentSchedule), to be removed.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Schedule
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJobSchedule
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule weekly
Remove the schedule weekly
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule weekly -Force
Remove the schedule weekly from the job even if the schedule is being used by another job.
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule daily, weekly
Remove multiple schedule
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Schedule daily, weekly
Remove the schedule on multiple servers for multiple schedules
 
.EXAMPLE
sql1, sql2, sql3 | Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -Schedule daily, weekly
Remove the schedule on multiple servers using pipe line
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule sched1, sched2, sched3 | Remove-DbaAgentSchedule
 
Remove the schedules using a pipeline
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("Schedules")]
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "schedules")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.ScheduleBase[]]$ScheduleCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,

        [switch]$Force
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $ScheduleCollection += $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Schedule }

        } # foreach object instance

        foreach ($s in $ScheduleCollection) {

            if ($Server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Name -contains $s.Name) {
                # Get job count
                $jobCount = $Server.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$s].JobCount

                # Check if the schedule is shared among other jobs
                if ($jobCount -ge 1 -and -not $Force) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The schedule $s is shared connected to one or more jobs. If removal is neccesary use -Force." -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Remove the job schedule
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing schedule $s on $instance")) {
                    # Loop through each of the schedules and drop them
                    Write-Message -Message "Removing schedule $s on $instance" -Level Verbose

                    #Check if jobs use the schedule
                    if ($jobCount -ge 1) {
                        # Get the job object
                        $smoSchedules = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object {($_.Name -eq $s.Name)}

                        Write-Message -Message "Schedule $sched is used in one or more jobs. Removing it for each job." -Level Verbose

                        # Loop through each if the schedules
                        foreach ($smoSchedule in $smoSchedules) {

                            # Get the job ids
                            $jobGuids = $Server.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$smoSchedule].EnumJobReferences()

                            if (($jobCount -gt 1 -and $Force) -or $jobCount -eq 1) {

                                # Loop though each of the jobs
                                foreach ($guid in $jobGuids) {
                                    # Get the job object
                                    $smoJob = $Server.JobServer.GetJobByID($guid)

                                    # Get the job schedule
                                    $jobSchedules = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$smoJob].JobSchedules | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $smoSchedule}

                                    foreach ($jobSchedule in $jobSchedules) {
                                        try {
                                            Write-Message -Message "Removing the schedule $jobSchedule for job $smoJob" -Level Verbose

                                            $jobSchedule.Drop()
                                        }
                                        catch {
                                            Stop-Function -Message  "Something went wrong removing the job schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                        }
                                    }
                                } # foreach guid
                            } # if jobcount

                        } # foreach smoschedule
                    } # if jobcount ge 1

                    Write-Message -Message "Removing schedules that are not being used by other jobs." -Level Verbose

                    # Get the schedules
                    $smoSchedules = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object {($_.Name -eq $s.Name) -and ($_.JobCount -eq 0)}

                    # Remove the schedules that have no jobs
                    foreach ($smoSchedule in $smoSchedules) {
                        try {
                            $smoSchedule.Drop()
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message  "Something went wrong removing the schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    } # foreach schedule
                } # should process
            } # if contains schedule
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $s is not present on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        } #foreach object schedule

    } # process

    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing jobs schedule(s)." -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaBackup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Removes SQL Server backups from disk.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Provides all of the same functionality for removing SQL backups from disk as a standard maintenance plan would.
 
            As an addition you have the ability to check the Archive bit on files before deletion. This will allow you to ensure backups have been archived to your archive location before removal.
 
            Also included is the ability to remove empty folders as part of this cleanup activity.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the name of the base level folder to search for backup files. Deletion of backup files will be recursive from this location.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupFileExtension
            Specifies the filename extension of the backup files you wish to remove (typically 'bak', 'trn' or 'log'). Do not include the period.
 
        .PARAMETER RetentionPeriod
            Specifies the retention period for backup files. Correct format is ##U.
 
            ## is the retention value and must be an integer value
            U signifies the units where the valid units are:
            h = hours
            d = days
            w = weeks
            m = months
 
            Formatting Examples:
            '48h' = 48 hours
            '7d' = 7 days
            '4w' = 4 weeks
            '1m' = 1 month
 
        .PARAMETER CheckArchiveBit
            If this switch is enabled, the filesystem Archive bit is checked before deletion. If this bit is set (which translates to "it has not been backed up to another location yet", the file won't be deleted.
 
        .PARAMETER RemoveEmptyBackupFolder
            If this switch is enabled, empty folders will be removed after the cleanup process is complete.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
       .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.i
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage, DisasterRecovery, Backup
            Author: Chris Sommer, @cjsommer, www.cjsommer.com
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaBackup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' -BackupFileExtension trn -RetentionPeriod 48h
 
            '*.trn' files in 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 48 hours old will be removed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' -BackupFileExtension trn -RetentionPeriod 48h -WhatIf
 
            Same as example #1, but doesn't actually remove any files. The function will instead show you what would be done.
            This is useful when first experimenting with using the function.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' -BackupFileExtension bak -RetentionPeriod 7d -CheckArchiveBit
 
            '*.bak' files in 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 7 days old will be removed, but only if the files have been backed up to another location as verified by checking the Archive bit.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' -BackupFileExtension bak -RetentionPeriod 1w -RemoveEmptyBackupFolder
 
            '*.bak' files in 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 1 week old will be removed. Any folders left empty will be removed as well.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = "Full path to the root level backup folder (ex. 'C:\SQL\Backups'")]
        [Alias("BackupFolder")]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = "Backup File extension to remove (ex. bak, trn, dif)")]
        [string]$BackupFileExtension ,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = "Backup retention period. (ex. 24h, 7d, 4w, 6m)")]
        [string]$RetentionPeriod ,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$CheckArchiveBit = $false ,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$RemoveEmptyBackupFolder = $false,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # Ensure BackupFileExtension does not begin with a .
        if ($BackupFileExtension -match "^[.]") {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parameter -BackupFileExtension begins with a period '$BackupFileExtension'. A period is automatically prepended to -BackupFileExtension and need not be passed in."
        }
    }
    process {
        # Process stuff
        Write-Message -Message "Removing backups from $Path" -Level Verbose
        Find-DbaBackup -Path $Path -BackupFileExtension $BackupFileExtension -RetentionPeriod $RetentionPeriod -CheckArchiveBit:$CheckArchiveBit -EnableException |
            Foreach-Object {
            $file = $_
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($file.Directory.FullName, "Removing backup file $($file.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $file | Remove-Item -Force -EA Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "Failed to remove $file." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
        Write-Message -Message "File Cleaning ended." -Level Verbose
        # Cleanup empty backup folders.
        if ($RemoveEmptyBackupFolder) {
            Write-Message -Message "Removing empty folders." -Level Verbose
            (Get-ChildItem -Directory -Path $Path -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable EnumErrors).FullName |
                Sort-Object -Descending |
                Foreach-Object {
                $OrigPath = $_
                try {
                    $Contents = @(Get-ChildItem -Force $OrigPath -ErrorAction Stop)
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "Can't enumerate $OrigPath." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                if ($Contents.Count -eq 0) {
                    return $_
                }
            } |
                Foreach-Object {
                $FolderPath = $_
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Path, "Removing empty folder .$($FolderPath.Replace($Path, ''))")) {
                    try {
                        $FolderPath | Remove-Item -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "Failed to remove $FolderPath." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($EnumErrors) {
                Write-Message "Errors encountered enumerating folders." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $EnumErrors
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Removed empty folders." -Level Verbose -EnableException $EnableException
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaClientAlias {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Removes a sql alias for the specified server - mimics cliconfg.exe
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Removes a SQL Server alias by altering HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The target computer where the alias will be created
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Allows you to login to remote computers using alternative credentials
 
    .PARAMETER Alias
    The alias to be deleted
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Alias
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaClientAlias
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Remove-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName workstationx -Alias sqlps
    Removes the sqlps SQL client alias on workstationx
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaClientAlias | Remove-DbaClientAlias
    Removes all SQL Server client aliases on the local computer
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias('AliasName')]
        [string]$Alias,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            $scriptblock = {
                $Alias = $args[0]
                function Get-ItemPropertyValue {
                    Param (
                        [parameter()]
                        [String]$Path,
                        [parameter()]
                        [String]$Name
                    )
                    Get-ItemProperty -LiteralPath $Path -Name $Name
                }

                $basekeys = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\MSSQLServer", "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer"

                foreach ($basekey in $basekeys) {

                    if ((Test-Path $basekey) -eq $false) {
                        Write-Warning "Base key ($basekey) does not exist. Quitting."
                        continue
                    }

                    $client = "$basekey\Client"

                    if ((Test-Path $client) -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }

                    $connect = "$client\ConnectTo"

                    if ((Test-Path $connect) -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($basekey -like "*WOW64*") {
                        $architecture = "32-bit"
                    }
                    else {
                        $architecture = "64-bit"
                    }


                    $all = Get-Item -Path $connect
                    foreach ($entry in $all) {

                        foreach ($en in $entry) {
                            $e = $entry.ToString().Replace('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'HKLM:\')
                            if ($en.Property -contains $Alias) {
                                Remove-ItemProperty -Path $e -Name $Alias
                            }
                            else {
                                $en
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Getting aliases")) {
                try {
                    $null = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose:$false -ArgumentList $Alias
                    Get-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName $computer

                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Removes connection objects from the connection cache used for remote computer management.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Removes connection objects from the connection cache used for remote computer management.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The computer whose connection to remove.
    Accepts both text as well as the output of Get-DbaCmConnection.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Fred Winmann (@FredWeinmann)
    Tags: ComputerManagement
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaCmConnection
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Remove-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014
 
    Removes the cached connection to the server sql2014 from the cache.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaCmConnection | Remove-DbaCmConnection
 
    Clears the entire connection cache.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
    }
    PROCESS {
        foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret computername input: $($connectionObject.InputObject)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.InputObject -Continue }
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Removing from connection cache: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
            if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections.ContainsKey($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)) {
                $null = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections.Remove($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Not found: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
            }
        }
    }
    END {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
function Remove-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a computer certificate - useful for removing easily certs from remote computers
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a computer certificate from a local or remote compuer
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer - defaults to localhost
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials
 
    .PARAMETER Thumbprint
        The thumbprint of the certificate object
 
    .PARAMETER Store
        Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine (otherwise exceptions can be thrown on remote connections)
 
    .PARAMETER Folder
        Certificate folder
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -Thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94
 
        Removes certificate with thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94 in the LocalMachine store on Server1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaComputerCertificate | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq E0A071E387396723C45E92D42B2D497C6A182340 | Remove-DbaComputerCertificate
 
        Removes certificate using the pipeline
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -Thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94 -Store User -Folder My
 
        Removes certificate with thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94 in the User\My (Personal) store on Server1
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Thumbprint,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Scriptblock for remoting
        $scriptblock = {
            param (
                $Thumbprint,

                $Store,

                $Folder
            )
            Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder for thumbprint: $thumbprint"
            $cert = Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$store\$folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $Thumbprint }

            if ($cert) {
                $null = $cert | Remove-Item
                $status = "Removed"
            }
            else {
                $status = "Certificate not found in Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                Store        = $Store
                Folder       = $Folder
                Thumbprint   = $thumbprint
                Status       = $status
            }
        }
        #endregion Scriptblock for remoting
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            foreach ($thumb in $Thumbprint) {
                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to remove cert from Cert:\$Store\$Folder")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $thumb, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDatabase {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Drops a database, hopefully even the really stuck ones.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Tries a bunch of different ways to remove a database or two or more.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance holding the databases to be removed.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase), to be removed.
 
.PARAMETER IncludeSystemDb
Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Delete, Databases
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDatabase
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb
 
Prompts then removes the database containeddb on SQL Server sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb, mydb
 
Prompts then removes the databases containeddb and mydb on SQL Server sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb -Confirm:$false
 
Does not prompt and swiftly removes containeddb on SQL Server sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance -ExcludeAllSystemDb | Remove-DbaDatabase
 
Removes all the user databases from server\instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance -ExcludeAllSystemDb | Remove-DbaDatabase -Confirm:$false
 
Removes all the user databases from server\instance without any confirmation
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = 'High', DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "databases")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDb,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $databasecollection += $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
        }

        $system_dbs = @( "master", "model", "tempdb", "resource", "msdb" )

        if (-not($IncludeSystemDb)) {
            $databasecollection = $databasecollection | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $system_dbs}
        }

        foreach ($db in $databasecollection) {
            try {
                $server = $db.Parent
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "KillDatabase")) {
                    $server.KillDatabase($db.name)
                    $server.Refresh()

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.name
                        Status       = "Dropped"
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "alter db set single_user with rollback immediate then drop")) {
                        $null = $server.Query("if exists (select * from sys.databases where name = '$($db.name)' and state = 0) alter database $db set single_user with rollback immediate; drop database $db")

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            Status       = "Dropped"
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    try {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "SMO drop")) {
                            $server.databases[$dbname].Drop()
                            $server.Refresh()

                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database     = $db.name
                                Status       = "Dropped"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not drop database $db on $server"

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            Status       = $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDatabaseMasterKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Deletes specified database master key
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Deletes specified database master key.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where the master key will be removed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        List of databases to exclude from clearing all master keys
 
    .PARAMETER All
        Purge the master keys from all databases on an instance.
 
    .PARAMETER MasterKeyCollection
        Internal parameter to support pipeline input
 
    .PARAMETER Mode
        Controls how the function handles cases where it can't do anything due to missing database or key:
        Strict: Write a warning (default)
        Lazy: Write a verbose message
        Report: Create a report object as part of the output
        The default action can be adjusted by using Set-DbaConfig to change the 'message.mode.default' configuration
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1
 
        The master key in the master database on server1 will be removed if it exists.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaDatabaseMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false
 
        Suppresses all prompts to remove the master key in the 'db1' database and drops the key.
 
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instanceExplicit")]
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instanceAll")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instanceExplicit")]
        [object[]]
        $Database,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instanceAll")]
        [object[]]
        $ExcludeDatabase,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instanceAll")]
        [switch]
        $All,

        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "collection")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MasterKey[]]
        $MasterKeyCollection,

        [DbaMode]
        $Mode = (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'message.mode.default' -Fallback "Strict"),

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Drop-Masterkey {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                $masterkey,

                $mode = $Mode,

                $EnableException = $EnableException
            )
            $server = $masterkey.Parent.Parent
            $instance = $server.DomainInstanceName
            $cert = $masterkey.Name
            $db = $masterkey.Parent

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Dropping the master key for database '$db'")) {
                try {
                    $masterkey.Drop()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed master key from the $db database on $instance"

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.Name
                        Status       = "Success"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.Name
                        Status       = "Failure"
                    }
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to drop master key from $db on $instance." -Target $db -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($All) {
                $Database = ($server.Databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase).Name
            }

            :Database foreach ($db in $Database) {
                $smodb = $server.Databases[$db]
                $masterkey = $smodb.MasterKey

                #region Case: Database Unknown
                if ($null -eq $smodb) {
                    switch ($Mode) {
                        [DbaMode]::Strict { Stop-Function -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on $instance" -Target $smodb -Continue -ContinueLabel database }
                        [DbaMode]::Lazy {
                            Write-Message -Level (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'message.mode.lazymessagelevel' -Fallback 4) -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on $instance" -Target $smodb
                            continue database
                        }
                        [DbaMode]::Report {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database     = $db
                                Status       = "Unknown Database"
                            }
                            continue Database
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion Case: Database Unknown

                #region Case: No Master Key
                if ($null -eq $masterkey) {
                    switch ($Mode.ToString()) {
                        "Strict" { Stop-Function -Message "No master key exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $smodb -Continue -ContinueLabel database }
                        "Lazy" {
                            Write-Message -Level (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'message.mode.lazymessagelevel' -Fallback 4) -Message "No master key exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $smodb
                            continue database
                        }
                        "Report" {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database     = $smodb.Name
                                Status       = "No Masterkey"
                            }
                            continue Database
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion Case: No Master Key

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing master key from $db"
                Drop-Masterkey -masterkey $masterkey
            }
        }

        foreach ($key in $MasterKeyCollection) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing master key: $key"
            Drop-Masterkey -masterkey $key
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Safely removes a SQL Database and creates an Agent Job to restore it.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on the database, backs up the database with Checksum and verify only to a final (golden) backup location, creates an Agent Job to restore from that backup, drops the database, runs the agent job to restore the database, performs a DBCC CHECKDB and drops the database.
 
            With huge thanks to Grant Fritchey and his verify your backups video. Take a look, it's only 3 minutes long. http://sqlps.io/backuprant
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance holding the databases to be removed. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            If specified, Agent jobs will be created on this server. By default, the jobs will be created on the server specified by SqlInstance. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher. The SQL Agent service will be started if it is not already running.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more databases to remove.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDbccCheckDb
            If this switch is enabled, the initial DBCC CHECK DB will be skipped. This will make the process quicker but will also allow you to create an Agent job that restores a database backup containing a corrupt database.
 
            A second DBCC CHECKDB is performed on the restored database so you will still be notified BUT USE THIS WITH CARE.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupFolder
            Specifies the path to a folder where the final backups of the removed databases will be stored. If you are using separate source and destination servers, you must specify a UNC path such as \\SERVER1\BACKUPSHARE\
 
        .PARAMETER JobOwner
            Specifies the name of the account which will own the Agent jobs. By default, sa is used.
 
        .PARAMETER UseDefaultFilePaths
            If this switch is enabled, the default file paths for the data and log files on the instance where the database is restored will be used. By default, the original file paths will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER CategoryName
            Specifies the Category Name for the Agent job that is created for restoring the database(s). By default, the name is "Rationalisation".
 
        .PARAMETER BackupCompression
            If this switch is enabled, compression will be used for the backup regardless of the SQL Server instance setting. By default, the SQL Server instance setting for backup compression is used.
 
        .PARAMETER AllDatabases
            If this switch is enabled, all user databases on the server will be removed. This is useful when decommissioning a server. You should use a DestinationServer with this switch.
 
        .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
            If this switch is enabled, the source folder structure will be used when restoring instead of using the destination instance default folder structure.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, all actions will be performed even if DBCC errors are detected. An Agent job will be created with 'DBCCERROR' in the name and the backup file will have 'DBCC' in its name.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore, Databases
            Author: Rob Sewell @SQLDBAWithBeard, sqldbawithabeard.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance 'Fade2Black' -Database RideTheLightning -BackupFolder 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE'
 
            Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on database RideTheLightning on server Fade2Black. If there are no errors, the database is backup to the folder C:\MSSQL\Backup\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE. Then, an Agent job to restore the database from that backup is created. The database is then dropped, the Agent job to restore it run, a DBCC CHECKDB run against the restored database, and then it is dropped again.
 
            Any DBCC errors will be written to your documents folder
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $Database = 'DemoNCIndex','RemoveTestDatabase'
            Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance 'Fade2Black' -Database $Database -BackupFolder 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE'
 
            Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on two databases, 'DemoNCIndex' and 'RemoveTestDatabase' on server Fade2Black. Then, an Agent job to restore each database from those backups is created. The databases are then dropped, the Agent jobs to restore them run, a DBCC CHECKDB run against the restored databases, and then they are dropped again.
 
            Any DBCC errors will be written to your documents folder
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance 'Fade2Black' -DestinationServer JusticeForAll -Database RideTheLightning -BackupFolder '\\BACKUPSERVER\BACKUPSHARE\MSSQL\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE'
 
            Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on database RideTheLightning on server Fade2Black. If there are no errors, the database is backup to the folder \\BACKUPSERVER\BACKUPSHARE\MSSQL\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE . Then, an Agent job is created on server JusticeForAll to restore the database from that backup is created. The database is then dropped on Fade2Black, the Agent job to restore it on JusticeForAll is run, a DBCC CHECKDB run against the restored database, and then it is dropped from JusticeForAll.
 
            Any DBCC errors will be written to your documents folder
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance IronMaiden -Database $Database -DestinationServer TheWildHearts -BackupFolder Z:\Backups -NoDbccCheckDb -UseDefaultFilePaths -JobOwner 'THEBEARD\Rob'
 
            For the databases $Database on the server IronMaiden a DBCC CHECKDB will not be performed before backing up the databases to the folder Z:\Backups. Then, an Agent job is created on server TheWildHearts with a Job Owner of THEBEARD\Rob to restore each database from that backup using the instance's default file paths. The database(s) is(are) then dropped on IronMaiden, the Agent job(s) run, a DBCC CHECKDB run on the restored database(s), and then the database(s) is(are) dropped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance IronMaiden -Database $Database -DestinationServer TheWildHearts -BackupFolder Z:\Backups -UseDefaultFilePaths -ContinueAfterDbccError
 
            The databases $Database on the server IronMaiden will be backed up the to the folder Z:\Backups. Then, an Agent job is created on server TheWildHearts with a Job Owner of THEBEARD\Rob to restore each database from that backup using the instance's default file paths. The database(s) is(are) then dropped on IronMaiden, the Agent job(s) run, a DBCC CHECKDB run on the restored database(s), and then the database(s) is(are) dropped.
 
            If there is a DBCC Error, the function will continue to perform rest of the actions and will create an Agent job with 'DBCCERROR' in the name and a Backup file with 'DBCCError' in the name.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination = $sqlinstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("NoCheck")]
        [switch]$NoDbccCheckDb,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$BackupFolder,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$CategoryName = 'Rationalisation',
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$JobOwner,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [ValidateSet("Default", "On", "Of")]
        [string]$BackupCompression = 'Default',
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (!$AllDatabases -and !$Database) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one database. Use -Database or -AllDatabases." -InnerErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlCredential -ParameterConnection

        if (-not $destination) {
            $destination = $sqlinstance
            $DestinationCredential = $SqlCredential
        }

        if ($sqlinstance -ne $destination) {

            $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destination -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential

            $sourcenb = $sourceserver.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS
            $destnb = $sourceserver.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS

            if ($BackupFolder.StartsWith("\\") -eq $false -and $sourcenb -ne $destnb) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup folder must be a network share if the source and destination servers are not the same." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $backupFolder
                return
            }
        }
        else {
            $destserver = $sourceserver
        }

        $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName

        if (!$jobowner) {
            $jobowner = Get-SqlSaLogin $destserver
        }

        if ($alldatabases -or !$Database) {
            $database = ($sourceserver.databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and ($_.Status -match 'Offline') -eq $false }).Name
        }

        if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $backupFolder)) {
            $serviceaccount = $destserver.ServiceAccount
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't access $backupFolder Please check if $serviceaccount has permissions." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $backupFolder
        }

        $jobname = "Rationalised Final Database Restore for $dbname"
        $jobStepName = "Restore the $dbname database from Final Backup"

        if (!($destserver.Logins | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $jobowner })) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$destination does not contain the login $jobowner - Please fix and try again - Aborting." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $jobowner
        }

        function Start-SqlAgent {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
            param ()
            if ($destserver.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                $serviceName = 'MSSQLSERVER'
            }
            else {
                $instance = $destserver.InstanceName
                if ($instance.length -eq 0) { $instance = "MSSQLSERVER" }
                $serviceName = "SQL Server Agent ($instance)"
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Starting Sql Agent")) {
                try {
                    $ipaddr = Resolve-SqlIpAddress $destserver
                    $agentservice = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -DisplayName $serviceName

                    if ($agentservice.Status -ne 'Running') {
                        $agentservice.Start()
                        $timeout = New-Timespan -seconds 60
                        $sw = [diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
                        $agentstatus = (Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -DisplayName $serviceName).Status
                        while ($AgentStatus -ne 'Running' -and $sw.elapsed -lt $timeout) {
                            $agentStatus = (Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -DisplayName $serviceName).Status
                        }
                    }
                }

                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error occurred: $_" -Target $agentservice -InnerExceptionRecord $_
                    return
                }

                if ($agentservice.Status -ne 'Running') {
                    throw "Cannot start Agent Service on $destination - Aborting."
                }
            }
        }

        function Start-DbccCheck {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
 
            #>

            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
            param (
                [object]$server,
                [string]$dbname
            )

            $servername = $server.name
            $db = $server.databases[$dbname]

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $servername")) {
                try {
                    $null = $db.CheckTables('None')
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DBCC CHECKDB finished successfully for $dbname on $servername."
                }

                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "DBCC CHECKDB failed."
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error occured: $_" -Target $agentservice -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue

                    if ($force) {
                        return $true
                    }
                    else {
                        return $false
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function New-SqlAgentJobCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
 
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
            param ([string]$categoryname,
                [object]$jobServer)

            if (!$jobServer.JobCategories[$categoryname]) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $sourceserver")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Agent Job Category $categoryname."
                        $category = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobCategory
                        $category.Parent = $jobServer
                        $category.Name = $categoryname
                        $category.Create()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Created Agent Job Category $categoryname."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent Job Category - $categoryname - Aborting." -Target $categoryname -InnerExceptionRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Restore-Database {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Internal function. Restores .bak file to Sql database. Creates db if it doesn't exist. $filestructure is
                a custom object that contains logical and physical file locations.
            #>

            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlInstance', 'SqlServer')]
                [object]$server,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [string]$dbname,
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [string]$backupfile,
                [string]$filetype = 'Database',
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [object]$filestructure,
                [switch]$norecovery,
                [PSCredential]$sqlCredential,
                [switch]$TSql = $false
            )

            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $sqlCredential
            $servername = $server.name
            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            $restore = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore'
            $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true

            foreach ($file in $filestructure.values) {
                $movefile = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile'
                $movefile.LogicalFileName = $file.logical
                $movefile.PhysicalFileName = $file.physical
                $null = $restore.RelocateFiles.Add($movefile)
            }

            try {
                if ($TSql) {
                    $restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                    $restore.add_Complete($complete)
                    $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true
                    $restore.Database = $dbname
                    $restore.Action = $filetype
                    $restore.NoRecovery = $norecovery
                    $device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $device.name = $backupfile
                    $device.devicetype = 'File'
                    $restore.Devices.Add($device)
                    $restorescript = $restore.script($server)
                    return $restorescript
                }
                else {
                    $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $dbname to $servername" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                    }
                    $restore.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                    $restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                    $restore.add_Complete($complete)
                    $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true
                    $restore.Database = $dbname
                    $restore.Action = $filetype
                    $restore.NoRecovery = $norecovery
                    $device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $device.name = $backupfile
                    $device.devicetype = 'File'
                    $restore.Devices.Add($device)

                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $dbname to $servername" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                    $restore.sqlrestore($server)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $dbname to $servername" -status 'Complete' -Completed

                    return $true
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Restore failed" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $dbname
                return $false
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        Start-SqlAgent

        $start = Get-Date
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Rationalisation Script at $start."

        foreach ($dbname in $Database) {

            $db = $sourceserver.databases[$dbname]

            # The db check is needed when the number of databases exceeds 255, then it's no longer auto-populated
            if (!$db) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$dbname does not exist on $source. Aborting routine for this database." -Continue
            }

            $lastFullBckDuration = (Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -LastFull).Duration

            if (-NOT ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($lastFullBckDuration))) {
                $lastFullBckDurationSec = $lastFullBckDuration.TotalSeconds
                $lastFullBckDurationMin = [Math]::Round($lastFullBckDuration.TotalMinutes, 2)

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "From the backup history the last full backup took $lastFullBckDurationSec seconds ($lastFullBckDurationMin minutes)"
                if ($lastFullBckDurationSec -gt 600) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Last full backup took more than 10 minutes. Do you want to continue?"

                    # Set up the parts for the user choice
                    $Title = "Backup duration"
                    $Info = "Last full backup took more than $lastFullBckDurationMin minutes. Do you want to continue?"

                    $Options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]] @("&Yes", "&No (Skip)")
                    [int]$Defaultchoice = 0
                    $choice = $host.UI.PromptForChoice($Title, $Info, $Options, $Defaultchoice)
                    # Check the given option
                    if ($choice -eq 1) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You have chosen skipping the database $dbname because of last known backup time ($lastFullBckDurationMin minutes)." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $dbname -Continue
                        Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Couldn't find last full backup time for database $dbname using Get-DbaBackupHistory."
            }

            $jobname = "Rationalised Database Restore Script for $dbname"
            $jobStepName = "Restore the $dbname database from Final Backup"
            $jobServer = $destserver.JobServer

            if ($jobServer.Jobs[$jobname].count -gt 0) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED: The Job $jobname already exists. Have you done this before? Rename the existing job and try again or use -Force to drop and recreate." -Continue
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Dropping $jobname on $source")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping $jobname on $source."
                        $jobServer.Jobs[$jobname].Drop()
                        $jobServer.Jobs.Refresh()
                    }
                }
            }


            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Rationalisation of $dbname."
            ## if we want to Dbcc before to abort if we have a corrupt database to start with
            if ($NoDbccCheckDb -eq $false) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $source")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting DBCC CHECKDB for $dbname on $source."
                    $dbccgood = Start-DbccCheck -Server $sourceserver -DBName $dbname

                    if ($dbccgood -eq $false) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DBCC failed for $dbname (you should check that). Aborting routine for this database."
                            continue
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DBCC failed, but Force specified. Continuing."
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($source, "Backing up $dbname")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Backup for $dbname on $source."
                ## Take a Backup
                try {
                    $timenow = [DateTime]::Now.ToString('yyyyMMdd_HHmmss')
                    $backup = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
                    $backup.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database
                    $backup.BackupSetDescription = "Final Full Backup of $dbname Prior to Dropping"
                    $backup.Database = $dbname
                    $backup.Checksum = $True
                    if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -gt 9) {
                        $backup.CompressionOption = $BackupCompression
                    }
                    if ($force -and $dbccgood -eq $false) {

                        $filename = "$backupFolder\$($dbname)_DBCCERROR_$timenow.bak"
                    }
                    else {
                        $filename = "$backupFolder\$($dbname)_Final_Before_Drop_$timenow.bak"
                    }

                    $devicetype = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DeviceType]::File
                    $backupDevice = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem($filename, $devicetype)

                    $backup.Devices.Add($backupDevice)
                    #Progress
                    $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname on $source to $filename" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                    }
                    $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                    $backup.add_Complete($complete)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname on $source to $filename" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                    $backup.SqlBackup($sourceserver)
                    $null = $backup.Devices.Remove($backupDevice)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname on $source to $filename" -status "Complete" -Completed
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup Completed for $dbname on $source."

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Running Restore Verify only on Backup of $dbname on $source."
                    try {
                        $restoreverify = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore'
                        $restoreverify.Database = $dbname
                        $restoreverify.Devices.AddDevice($filename, $devicetype)
                        $result = $restoreverify.SqlVerify($sourceserver)

                        if ($result -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "FAILED : Restore Verify Only failed for $filename on $server - aborting routine for this database."
                            continue
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restore Verify Only for $filename succeeded."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : Restore Verify Only failed for $filename on $server - aborting routine for this database. Exception: $_" -Target $filename -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : Restore Verify Only failed for $filename on $server - aborting routine for this database. Exception: $_" -Target $filename -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Automated Restore Job from Golden Backup for $dbname on $destination")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Automated Restore Job from Golden Backup for $dbname on $destination."
                try {
                    if ($force -eq $true -and $dbccgood -eq $false) {
                        $jobName = $jobname -replace "Rationalised", "DBCC ERROR"
                    }

                    ## Create an agent job to restore the database
                    $job = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job $jobServer, $jobname
                    $job.Name = $jobname
                    $job.OwnerLoginName = $jobowner
                    $job.Description = "This job will restore the $dbname database using the final backup located at $filename."

                    ## Create a Job Category
                    if (!$jobServer.JobCategories[$categoryname]) {
                        New-SqlAgentJobCategory -JobServer $jobServer -categoryname $categoryname
                    }

                    $job.Category = $categoryname
                    try {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Agent Job on $destination")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Created Agent Job $jobname on $destination."
                            $job.Create()
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent Job $jobname on $destination - aborting routine for this database." -Target $categoryname -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    ## Create Job Step
                    ## Aaron's Suggestion: In the restore script, add a comment block that tells the last known size of each file in the database.
                    ## Suggestion check for disk space before restore
                    ## Create Restore Script
                    try {
                        $restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore
                        $device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem $filename, 'FILE'
                        $restore.Devices.Add($device)
                        try {
                            $filelist = $restore.ReadFileList($destserver)
                        }

                        catch {
                            throw 'File list could not be determined. This is likely due to connectivity issues or tiemouts with the Sql Server, the database version is incorrect, or the Sql Server service account does not have access to the file share. Script terminating.'
                        }

                        $filestructure = Get-OfflineSqlFileStructure $destserver $dbname $filelist $ReuseSourceFolderStructure

                        $jobStepCommand = Restore-Database $destserver $dbname $filename "Database" $filestructure -TSql -ErrorAction Stop
                        $jobStep = new-object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobStep $job, $jobStepName
                        $jobStep.SubSystem = 'TransactSql' # 'PowerShell'
                        $jobStep.DatabaseName = 'master'
                        $jobStep.Command = $jobStepCommand
                        $jobStep.OnSuccessAction = 'QuitWithSuccess'
                        $jobStep.OnFailAction = 'QuitWithFailure'
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Agent JobStep on $destination")) {
                            $null = $jobStep.Create()
                        }
                        $jobStartStepid = $jobStep.ID
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Created Agent JobStep $jobStepName on $destination."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent JobStep $jobStepName on $destination - Aborting." -Target $jobStepName -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Applying Agent Job $jobname to $destination")) {
                        $job.ApplyToTargetServer($destination)
                        $job.StartStepID = $jobStartStepid
                        $job.Alter()
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent Job $jobname on $destination - aborting routine for $dbname. Exception: $_" -Target $jobname -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping Database $dbname on $sourceserver")) {
                ## Drop the database
                try {
                    # Remove-SqlDatabase is a function in SharedFunctions.ps1 that tries 3 different ways to drop a database
                    Remove-SqlDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceserver -DbName $dbname
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropped $dbname Database on $source prior to running the Agent Job"
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Drop database $dbname on $server - aborting routine for $dbname. Exception: $_" -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Running Agent Job on $destination to restore $dbname")) {
                ## Run the restore job to restore it
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting $jobname on $destination."
                try {
                    $job = $destserver.JobServer.Jobs[$jobname]
                    $job.Start()
                    $job.Refresh()
                    $status = $job.CurrentRunStatus

                    while ($status -ne 'Idle') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restore Job for $dbname on $destination is $status."
                        Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
                        $job.Refresh()
                        $status = $job.CurrentRunStatus
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restore Job $jobname has completed on $destination."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sleeping for a few seconds to ensure the next step (DBCC) succeeds."
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 10 ## This is required to ensure the next DBCC Check succeeds
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : Restore Job $jobname failed on $destination - aborting routine for $dbname. Exception: $_" -Continue
                }

                if ($job.LastRunOutcome -ne 'Succeeded') {
                    # LOL, love the plug.
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "FAILED : Restore Job $jobname failed on $destination - aborting routine for $dbname."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Check the Agent Job History on $destination - if you have SSMS2016 July release or later."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Get-SqlAgentJobHistory -JobName $jobname -ServerInstance $destination -OutcomesType Failed."
                    continue
                }
            }

            $refreshRetries = 1

            while ($null -eq ($destserver.databases[$dbname]) -and $refreshRetries -lt 6) {
                Write-Message -Level verbose -Message "Database $dbname not found! Refreshing collection."

                #refresh database list, otherwise the next step (DBCC) can fail
                $destserver.Databases.Refresh()

                Start-Sleep -Seconds 1

                $refreshRetries += 1
            }


            ## Run a Dbcc No choice here
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Running Dbcc CHECKDB on $dbname on $destination")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Dbcc CHECKDB for $dbname on $destination."
                $null = Start-DbccCheck -Server $destserver -DbName $dbname
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Dropping Database $dbname on $destination")) {
                ## Drop the database
                try {
                    $null = Remove-SqlDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceserver -DbName $dbname
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropped $dbname database on $destination."
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Drop database $dbname on $destination - Aborting. Exception: $_" -Target $dbname -InnerExceptionRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Rationalisation Finished for $dbname."

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance     = $source
                DatabaseName    = $dbname
                JobName         = $jobname
                TestingInstance = $destination
                BackupFolder    = $backupFolder
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing final message")) {
            $End = Get-Date
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished at $End."
            $Duration = $End - $start
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Script Duration: $Duration."
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Remove-SqlDatabaseSafely
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl#
function Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Removes database snapshots
 
.DESCRIPTION
Removes (drops) database snapshots from the server
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Database
Removes snapshots for only this specific base db
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
Removes snapshots excluding this specific base dbs
 
.PARAMETER Snapshot
Restores databases from snapshot with this name only
 
.PARAMETER AllSnapshots
Specifies that you want to remove all snapshots from the server
 
.PARAMETER Force
Will forcibly kill all running queries that prevent the drop process.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts for confirmation of every step.
 
.PARAMETER PipelineSnapshot
Internal parameter
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Snapshot, Database
Author: niphlod
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
Removes all database snapshots from sqlserver2014a
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Snapshot HR_snap_20161201, HR_snap_20161101
 
Removes database snapshots named HR_snap_20161201 and HR_snap_20161101
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting
 
Removes all database snapshots having HR and Accounting as base dbs
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Snapshot HR_snapshot, Accounting_snapshot
 
Removes HR_snapshot and Accounting_snapshot
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where SnapshotOf -like '*dumpsterfire*' | Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
 
Removes all snapshots associated with databases that have dumpsterfire in the name
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Snapshot,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object]$PipelineSnapshot,
        [switch]$AllSnapshots,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database -and !$AllSnapshots -and $null -eq $PipelineSnapshot -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify -Snapshot, -Database, -Exclude or -AllSnapshots"
            return
        }
        # handle the database object passed by the pipeline
        # do we need a specialized type back ?
        if ($null -ne $PipelineSnapshot -and $PipelineSnapshot.getType().Name -eq 'pscustomobject') {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Parent.DomainInstanceName, "Remove db snapshot $($PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $server = $PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Parent
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                try {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $server.KillAllProcesses($PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Name)
                    }
                    $null = $server.Query("drop database [$($PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Name)]")
                    $status = "Dropped"
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_
                    $status = "Drop failed"
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Parent.NetName
                    InstanceName = $PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Parent.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotDb.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                    Database     = $PipelineSnapshot.Database
                    SnapshotOf   = $PipelineSnapshot.SnapshotOf
                    Status       = $status
                }
            }
            return
        }

        # if piped value either doesn't exist or is not the proper type
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            $dbs = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
            }

            if ($Snapshot) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Snapshot -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsDatabaseSnapshot -eq $true | Sort-Object DatabaseSnapshotBaseName, Name
            }


            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible."
                    continue
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Remove db snapshot $db")) {
                    $basedb = $db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
                    try {
                        if ($Force) {
                            # cannot drop the snapshot if someone is using it
                            $server.KillAllProcesses($db)
                        }
                        $null = $server.Query("drop database $db")
                        $status = "Dropped"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_
                        $status = "Drop failed"
                    }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db
                        SnapshotOf   = $basedb
                        Status       = $status
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function Remove-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Deletes specified database certificate
 
.DESCRIPTION
Deletes specified database certificate
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server to create the certificates on.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database where the certificate will be removed.
 
.PARAMETER Certificate
The certificate that will be removed
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER CertificateCollection
Internal parameter to support pipeline input
 
.NOTES
Tags: Certificate
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1
 
The certificate in the master database on server1 will be removed if it exists.
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false
 
Suppresses all prompts to remove the certificate in the 'db1' database and drops the key.
 
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Certificate,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "collection")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate[]]$CertificateCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Remove-DbaDatabaseCertificate

        function drop-cert ($smocert) {
            $server = $smocert.Parent.Parent
            $instance = $server.DomainInstanceName
            $cert = $smocert.Name
            $db = $smocert.Parent.Name

            $output = [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $instance
                Database     = $db
                Certificate  = $cert
                Status       = $null
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Dropping the certificate named $cert for database '$db' on $server")) {
                try {
                    $smocert.Drop()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed certificate named $cert from the $db database on $server"
                    $output.status = "Success"
                }
                catch {
                    $output.Status = "Failure"
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to drop certificate named $cert from $db on $server." -Target $smocert -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
                $output
            }
        }
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $Database) {
                $currentdb = $server.Databases[$db]

                if ($null -eq $currentdb) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on $server" -Target $currentdb -Continue
                }

                if (-not $currentdb.IsAccessible) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database '$db' is not accessible" -Target $currentdb -Continue
                }

                foreach ($cert in $certificate) {
                    $smocert = $currentdb.Certificates[$cert]

                    if ($null -eq $smocert) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "No certificate named $cert exists in the $db database on $server" -Target $currentdb.Certificates -Continue
                    }

                    Drop-Cert -smocert $smocert
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($smocert in $CertificateCollection) {
            Drop-Cert -smocert $smocert
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDbUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Drop database user
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    If user is the owner of a schema with the same name and if if the schema does not have any underlying objects the schema will be
    dropped. If user owns more than one schema, the owner of the schemas that does not have the same name as the user, will be
    changed to 'dbo'. If schemas have underlying objects, you must specify the -Force parameter so the user can be dropped.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    The SQL Instances that you're connecting to.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
    .PARAMETER User
    Specifies the list of users to remove.
 
    .PARAMETER UserCollection
    Internal parameter to support piping from Get-DbaDatabaseUser.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    If enabled this will force the change of the owner to 'dbo' for any schema which owner is the User.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Databases, User
    Author: Doug Meyers (@dgmyrs)
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDbUser
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Remove-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -User user1
 
    Drops user1 from all databases it exists in on server 'sqlserver2014'.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Remove-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database database1 -User user1
 
    Drops user1 from the database1 database on server 'sqlserver2014'.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Remove-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -ExcludeDatabase model -User user1
 
    Drops user1 from all databases it exists in on server 'sqlserver2014' except for the model database.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaDatabaseUser sqlserver2014 | Where-Object Name -In "user1" | Remove-DbaDbUser
 
    Drops user1 from all databases it exists in on server 'sqlserver2014'.
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'User', SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [object[]]$User,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User[]]$UserCollection,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [switch]$Force,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Remove-DbUser {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User[]]$users)

            foreach ($user in $users) {
                $db = $user.Parent
                $server = $db.Parent
                $ownedObjects = $false
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing User $user from Database $db on target $server"

                # Drop Schemas owned by the user before droping the user
                $schemaUrns = $user.EnumOwnedObjects() | Where-Object Type -EQ Schema
                if ($schemaUrns) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $user owns $($schemaUrns.Count) schema(s)."

                    # Need to gather up the schema changes so they can be done in a non-desctructive order
                    $alterSchemas = @()
                    $dropSchemas = @()

                    foreach ($schemaUrn in $schemaUrns) {
                        $schema = $server.GetSmoObject($schemaUrn)

                        # Drop any schema that is the same name as the user
                        if ($schema.Name -EQ $user.Name) {
                            # Check for owned objects early so we can exit before any changes are made
                            $ownedUrns = $schema.EnumOwnedObjects()
                            if (-Not $ownedUrns) {
                                $dropSchemas += $schema
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User owns objects in the database and will not be removed."
                                foreach ($ownedUrn in $ownedUrns) {
                                    $obj = $server.GetSmoObject($ownedUrn)
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User $user owns $($obj.GetType().Name) $obj"
                                }
                                $ownedObjects = $true
                            }
                        }

                        # Change the owner of any schema not the same name as the user
                        if ($schema.Name -NE $user.Name) {
                            # Check for owned objects early so we can exit before any changes are made
                            $ownedUrns = $schema.EnumOwnedObjects()
                            if (($ownedUrns -And $Force) -Or (-Not $ownedUrns)) {
                                $alterSchemas += $schema
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User $user owns the Schema $schema, which owns $($ownedUrns.Count) Object(s). If you want to change the schemas' owner to [dbo] and drop the user anyway, use -Force parameter. User $user will not be removed."
                                $ownedObjects = $true
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (-Not $ownedObjects) {
                    try {
                        # Alter Schemas
                        foreach ($schema in $alterSchemas) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Owner of Schema $schema will be changed to [dbo]."
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Change the owner of Schema $schema to [dbo].")) {
                                $schema.Owner = "dbo"
                                $schema.Alter()
                            }
                        }

                        # Drop Schemas
                        foreach ($schema in $dropSchemas) {
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Drop Schema $schema from Database $db.")) {
                                $schema.Drop()
                            }
                        }

                        # Finally, Drop user
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Drop User $user from Database $db.")) {
                            $user.Drop()
                        }

                        $status = "Dropped"

                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Error -Message "Could not drop $user from Database $db on target $server"
                        $status = "Not Dropped"
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.name
                        User         = $user
                        Status       = $status
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($UserCollection) {
            Remove-DbUser $UserCollection
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

                if ($Database) {
                    $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }

                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Get users in Database $db on target $server"
                    $users = Get-DbaDatabaseUser -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $db.Name
                    $users = $users | Where-Object Name -In $User
                    Remove-DbUser $users
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
function Remove-DbaLogin {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Drops a Login
 
.DESCRIPTION
Tries a bunch of different ways to remove a Login or two or more.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance holding the Logins to be removed.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials.
 
.PARAMETER Login
The Login(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Logins will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER LoginCollection
A collection of Logins (such as returned by Get-DbaLogin), to be removed.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Delete, Logins
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaLogin
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Login mylogin
 
Prompts then removes the Login mylogin on SQL Server sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Login mylogin, yourlogin
 
Prompts then removes the Logins mylogin and yourlogin on SQL Server sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Login mylogin -Confirm:$false
 
Does not prompt and swiftly removes mylogin on SQL Server sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance server\instance -Login yourlogin | Remove-DbaLogin
 
removes mylogin on SQL Server server\instance
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = 'High', DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter( , Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Login,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Logins")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login[]]$LoginCollection,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $Logincollection += $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Login }
        }

        foreach ($currentlogin in $Logincollection) {
            try {
                $server = $currentlogin.Parent
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$currentlogin on $server", "KillLogin")) {
                    $currentlogin.Drop()

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Login        = $currentlogin.name
                        Status       = "Dropped"
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Login        = $currentlogin.name
                    Status       = $_
                }
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not drop Login $currentlogin on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $currentlogin -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes the network certificate for SQL Server instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes the network certificate for SQL Server instance. This setting is found in Configuration Manager.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server - defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must also specify InstanceClusterName (see below)
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not sql instance) using alternative credentials.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate
 
        Removes the Network Certificate for the default instance (MSSQLSERVER) on localhost
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance sql1\SQL2008R2SP2
 
        Removes the Network Certificate for the SQL2008R2SP2 instance on sql1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance localhost\SQL2008R2SP2 -WhatIf
 
        Shows what would happen if the command were run
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low", DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [PSCredential]

        $Credential,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname"
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $($instance.ComputerName)"
            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regroot = $args[0]
                $serviceaccount = $args[1]
                $instancename = $args[2]
                $vsname = $args[3]

                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate -Value $null

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName      = $instancename
                    SqlInstance       = $vsname
                    ServiceAccount    = $serviceaccount
                    RemovedThumbprint = $cert.Thumbprint
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $ComputerName to remove the cert")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $serviceaccount, $instancename, $vsname -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaOrphanUser {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Drop orphan users with no existing login to map
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            An orphan user is defined by a user that does not have their matching login. (Login property = "").
 
            If user is the owner of the schema with the same name and if if the schema does not have any underlying objects the schema will be dropped.
 
            If user owns more than one schema, the owner of the schemas that does not have the same name as the user, will be changed to 'dbo'. If schemas have underlying objects, you must specify the -Force parameter so the user can be dropped.
 
            If exists a login to map the drop will not be performed unless you specify the -Force parameter (only when calling from Repair-DbaOrphanUser.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER User
            Specifies the list of users to remove.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled:
                If exists any schema which owner is the User, this will force the change of the owner to 'dbo'.
                If exists a login to map the drop will not be performed unless you specify this parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Orphan, Databases
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaOrphanUser
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sql2005
 
            Finds and drops all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'sql2005'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Finds and drops all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'sqlserver2014a'. SQL Server authentication will be used in connecting to the server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2 -Force
 
            Finds and drops orphan users even if they have a matching Login on both db1 and db2 databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -ExcludeDatabase db1, db2 -Force
 
            Finds and drops orphan users even if they have a matching Login from all databases except db1 and db2.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -User OrphanUser
 
            Removes user OrphanUser from all databases only if there is no matching login.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -User OrphanUser -Force
 
            Removes user OrphanUser from all databases even if they have a matching Login. Any schema that the user owns will change ownership to dbo.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$User,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $Instance."
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $Instance or access denied. Skipping."
                continue
            }

            if (!$Database) {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
            }
            else {
                if ($pipedatabase) {
                    $Source = $pipedatabase[0].parent.name
                    $databases = $pipedatabase.name
                }
                else {
                    $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and ($Database -contains $_.Name) }
                }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object {$_.Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            $CallStack = Get-PSCallStack | Select-Object -Property *
            if ($CallStack.Count -eq 1) {
                $StackSource = $CallStack[0].Command
            }
            else {
                #-2 because index base is 0 and we want the one before the last (the last is the actual command)
                $StackSource = $CallStack[($CallStack.Count - 2)].Command
            }

            if ($databases) {
                $start = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()

                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    try {
                        #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
                        if ($server.versionMajor -gt 10) {
                            if ($db.ContainmentType -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ContainmentType]::None) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is a contained database. Contained databases can't have orphaned users. Skipping validation."
                                Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if ($StackSource -eq "Repair-DbaOrphanUser") {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Call origin: Repair-DbaOrphanUser."
                            #Will use collection from parameter ($User)
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Validating users on database $db."

                            if ($User.Count -eq 0) {
                                #the third validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                                $User = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin) -eq $false) }
                            }
                            else {
                                if ($pipedatabase) {
                                    $Source = $pipedatabase[0].parent.name
                                    $User = $pipedatabase.name
                                }
                                else {
                                    #the fourth validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                                    $User = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($User -contains $_.Name) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin) -eq $false) }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($User.Count -gt 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan users found."
                            foreach ($dbuser in $User) {
                                $SkipUser = $false

                                $ExistLogin = $null

                                if ($StackSource -ne "Repair-DbaOrphanUser") {
                                    #Need to validate Existing Login because the call does not came from Repair-DbaOrphanUser
                                    $ExistLogin = $server.logins | Where-Object {
                                        $_.Isdisabled -eq $False -and
                                        $_.IsSystemObject -eq $False -and
                                        $_.IsLocked -eq $False -and
                                        $_.Name -eq $dbuser.Name
                                    }
                                }

                                #Schemas only appears on SQL Server 2005 (v9.0)
                                if ($server.versionMajor -gt 8) {

                                    #reset variables
                                    $AlterSchemaOwner = ""
                                    $DropSchema = ""

                                    #Validate if user owns any schema
                                    $Schemas = @()
                                    $Schemas = $db.Schemas | Where-Object Owner -eq $dbuser.Name

                                    if (@($Schemas).Count -gt 0) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser owns one or more schemas."

                                        foreach ($sch in $Schemas) {
                                            <#
                                                On sql server 2008 or lower the EnumObjects method does not accept empty parameter.
                                                0x1FFFFFFF is the way we can say we want everything known by those versions
 
                                                When it is an higher version we can use empty to get all
                                            #>
                                            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 11) {
                                                $NumberObjects = ($db.EnumObjects(0x1FFFFFFF) | Where-Object { $_.Schema -eq $sch.Name } | Measure-Object).Count
                                            }
                                            else {
                                                $NumberObjects = ($db.EnumObjects() | Where-Object { $_.Schema -eq $sch.Name } | Measure-Object).Count
                                            }

                                            if ($NumberObjects -gt 0) {
                                                if ($Force) {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Parameter -Force was used! The schema '$($sch.Name)' have $NumberObjects underlying objects. We will change schema owner to 'dbo' and drop the user."

                                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Changing schema '$($sch.Name)' owner to 'dbo'. -Force used.")) {
                                                        $AlterSchemaOwner += "ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::[$($sch.Name)] TO [dbo]`r`n"

                                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                                            Instance          = $server.Name
                                                            Database          = $db.Name
                                                            SchemaName        = $sch.Name
                                                            Action            = "ALTER OWNER"
                                                            SchemaOwnerBefore = $sch.Owner
                                                            SchemaOwnerAfter  = "dbo"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                }
                                                else {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Schema '$($sch.Name)' owned by user $($dbuser.Name) have $NumberObjects underlying objects. If you want to change the schemas' owner to 'dbo' and drop the user anyway, use -Force parameter. Skipping user '$dbuser'."
                                                    $SkipUser = $true
                                                    break
                                                }
                                            }
                                            else {
                                                if ($sch.Name -eq $dbuser.Name) {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The schema '$($sch.Name)' have the same name as user $dbuser. Schema will be dropped."

                                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Dropping schema '$($sch.Name)'.")) {
                                                        $DropSchema += "DROP SCHEMA [$($sch.Name)]"

                                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                                            Instance          = $server.Name
                                                            Database          = $db.Name
                                                            SchemaName        = $sch.Name
                                                            Action            = "DROP"
                                                            SchemaOwnerBefore = $sch.Owner
                                                            SchemaOwnerAfter  = "N/A"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                }
                                                else {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Schema '$($sch.Name)' does not have any underlying object. Ownership will be changed to 'dbo' so the user can be dropped. Remember to re-check permissions on this schema!"

                                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Changing schema '$($sch.Name)' owner to 'dbo'.")) {
                                                        $AlterSchemaOwner += "ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::[$($sch.Name)] TO [dbo]`r`n"

                                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                                            Instance          = $server.Name
                                                            Database          = $db.Name
                                                            SchemaName        = $sch.Name
                                                            Action            = "ALTER OWNER"
                                                            SchemaOwnerBefore = $sch.Owner
                                                            SchemaOwnerAfter  = "dbo"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }

                                    }
                                    else {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser does not own any schema. Will be dropped."
                                    }

                                    $query = "$AlterSchemaOwner `r`n$DropSchema `r`nDROP USER " + $dbuser

                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $query
                                }
                                else {
                                    $query = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_droplogin @loginame = N'$($dbuser.name)'"
                                }

                                if ($ExistLogin) {
                                    if (-not $SkipUser) {
                                        if ($Force) {
                                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Dropping user $dbuser using -Force")) {
                                                $server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteNonQuery($query) | Out-Null
                                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser was dropped from $($db.Name). -Force parameter was used!"
                                            }
                                        }
                                        else {
                                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Orphan user $($dbuser.Name) has a matching login. The user will not be dropped. If you want to drop anyway, use -Force parameter."
                                            Continue
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                else {
                                    if (-not $SkipUser) {
                                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Dropping user $dbuser")) {
                                            $server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteNonQuery($query) | Out-Null
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser was dropped from $($db.Name)."
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphan users found on database $db."
                        }
                        #reset collection
                        $User = $null
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {

        $totaltime = $start.Elapsed

        #If the call don't come from Repair-DbaOrphanUser function, show elapsed time
        if ($StackSource -ne "Repair-DbaOrphanUser") {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totaltime"
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Remove-SqlOrphanUser
    }
}
function Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Removes a Performance Data Collector Counter.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Removes a Performance Data Collector Counter.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The name of the Collector Set to search.
 
        .PARAMETER Collector
            The name of the Collector to remove.
     
        .PARAMETER Counter
            The name of the Counter - in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.
     
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
         
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' -Collector DataCollector01 -Counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length'
     
            Prompts for confirmation then removes the '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' counter within the DataCollector01 collector within the System Correlation collector set on sql2017.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter | Out-GridView -PassThru | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -Confirm:$false
     
            Allows you to select which counters you'd like on localhost and does not prompt for confirmation.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("Name")]
        [object[]]$Counter,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $removexml = $args[1]
            $CollectorSet = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $CollectorSet.SetXml($removexml)
            $CollectorSet.Commit($setname, $null, 0x0003) #add or modify.
            $CollectorSet.Query($setname, $Null)
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector -Counter $Counter
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.CounterObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter."
                return
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            $computer = $InputObject.ComputerName
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue
            $setname = $InputObject.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorname = $InputObject.DataCollector
            
            $xml = [xml]($InputObject.DataCollectorSetXml)
            
            foreach ($countername in $counter) {
                $node = $xml.SelectSingleNode("//Name[.='$collectorname']").SelectSingleNode("//Counter[.='$countername']")
                $null = $node.ParentNode.RemoveChild($node)
                $node = $xml.SelectSingleNode("//Name[.='$collectorname']").SelectSingleNode("//CounterDisplayName[.='$countername']")
                $null = $node.ParentNode.RemoveChild($node)
            }
            
            $plainxml = $xml.OuterXml
            
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Remove $countername from $collectorname with the $setname collection set")) {
                try {
                    $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $plainxml -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " $results"
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName     = $computer
                        DataCollectorSet = $setname
                        DataCollector    = $collectorname
                        Name             = $counterName
                        Status           = "Removed"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure importing $Countername to $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Removes a Performance Monitor Data Collector Set
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Removes a Performance Monitor Data Collector Set. When removing data collector sets from the local instance, Run As Admin is required.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The name of the Collector Set to remove.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
              
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Prompts for confirmation then removes all ready Collectors on localhost
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017 -Confirm:$false
     
            Attempts to remove all ready Collectors on localhost and does not prompt to confirm.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
     
            Prompts for confirmation then removes the 'System Correlation' Collector on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Removes the 'System Correlation' Collector.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Stops and removes the 'System Correlation' Collector.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName=$env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.Query($setname, $null)
            if ($collectorset.name -eq $setname) {
                $null = $collectorset.Delete()
            }
            else {
                Write-Warning "Data Collector Set $setname does not exist on $env:COMPUTERNAME."
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }
        
        # Check to see if its running first
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $setname = $set.Name
            $computer = $set.ComputerName
            $status = $set.State
            
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue
            
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$setname on $ComputerName is $status."
            
            if ($status -eq "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is running. Use Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet to stop first." -Continue
            }
            
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Removing collector set $setname")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer using Invoke-Command."
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname -ErrorAction Stop
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $computer
                        Name         = $setname
                        Status       = "Removed"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure Removing $setname on $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Remove-DbaSpn {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Removes an SPN for a given service account in active directory and also removes delegation to the same SPN, if found
 
.DESCRIPTION
This function will connect to Active Directory and search for an account. If the account is found, it will attempt to remove the specified SPN. Once the SPN is removed, the function will also remove delegation to that service.
 
In order to run this function, the credential you provide must have write access to Active Directory.
 
Note: This function supports -WhatIf
 
.PARAMETER SPN
The SPN you want to remove
 
.PARAMETER ServiceAccount
The account you want the SPN remove from
 
.PARAMETER Credential
The credential you want to use to connect to Active Directory to make the changes
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Turns confirmations before changes on or off
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command was executed
 
.NOTES
Tags: SPN
Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com
 
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaSpn
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account
 
Connects to Active Directory and removes a provided SPN from the given account (and also the relative delegation)
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -EnableException
 
Connects to Active Directory and removes a provided SPN from the given account, suppressing all error messages and throw exceptions that can be caught instead
 
.EXAMPLE
Remove-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
Connects to Active Directory and removes a provided SPN to the given account. Uses alternative account to connect to AD.
 
.EXAMPLE
Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2005 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $true } | Remove-DbaSpn -WhatIf
 
Shows what would happen trying to remove all set SPNs for sql2005 and the relative delegations
 
.EXAMPLE
Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2005 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $true } | Remove-DbaSpn
 
Removes all set SPNs for sql2005 and the relative delegations
 
 
#>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("RequiredSPN")]
        [string]$SPN,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("InstanceServiceAccount", "AccountName")]
        [string]$ServiceAccount,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        Write-Message -Message "Looking for account $ServiceAccount..." -Level Verbose
        $searchfor = 'User'
        if ($ServiceAccount.EndsWith('$')) {
            $searchfor = 'Computer'
        }
        try {
            $Result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $ServiceAccount -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($ServiceAccount). $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
        }
        if ($Result.Count -gt 0) {
            try {
                $adentry = $Result.GetUnderlyingObject()
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its properties $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
            }
        }
        else {
            Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has not been found" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $ServiceAccount
        }

        # Cool! Remove an SPN
        $delegate = $true
        $spnadobject = $adentry.Properties['servicePrincipalName']

        if ($spnadobject -notcontains $spn) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SPN $SPN not found"
            $status = "SPN not found"
            $set = $false
        }

        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Removing SPN for service account")) {
            try {
                if ($spnadobject -contains $spn) {
                    $null = $spnadobject.Remove($spn)
                    $adentry.CommitChanges()
                    Write-Message -Message "Remove SPN $spn for $serviceaccount" -Level Verbose
                    $set = $false
                    $status = "Successfully removed SPN"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Message "Could not remove SPN. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccountWrite
                $set = $true
                $status = "Failed to remove SPN"
                $delegate = $false
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                Name           = $spn
                ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                Property       = "servicePrincipalName"
                IsSet          = $set
                Notes          = $status
            }
        }
        # if we removed the SPN, we should clean up also the delegation
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Removing delegation for service account for SPN")) {
            # if we didn't remove the SPN we shouldn't do anything
            if ($delegate) {
                # even if we removed the SPN, delegation could have been not set at all. We should not raise an error
                if ($adentry.Properties['msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo'] -notcontains $spn) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        Name           = $spn
                        ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                        Property       = "msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo"
                        IsSet          = $false
                        Notes          = "Delegation not found"
                    }
                }
                else {
                    # we indeed need the cleanup
                    try {
                        $null = $adentry.Properties['msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo'].Remove($spn)
                        $adentry.CommitChanges()
                        Write-Message -Message "Removed kerberos delegation $spn for $ServiceAccount" -Level Verbose
                        $set = $false
                        $status = "Successfully removed delegation"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "Could not remove delegation. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
                        $set = $true
                        $status = "Failed to remove delegation"
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        Name           = $spn
                        ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                        Property       = "msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo"
                        IsSet          = $set
                        Notes          = $status
                    }
                }
            }

        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaTrace {
     <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Stops and closes the specified trace and deletes its definition from the server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        Stops and closes the specified trace and deletes its definition from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
        .PARAMETER Id
        A list of trace ids
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter for piping
     
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
       .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008
 
        Stops all traces on sql2008
     
        .EXAMPLE
        Remove-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 -Id 1
 
        Stops all trace with ID 1 on sql2008
     
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Remove-DbaTrace
 
        Stops selected traces on sql2008
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id $Id
        }
        
        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }
            
            $server = $trace.Parent
            $traceid = $trace.id
            $default = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Default
            
            if ($default.id -eq $traceid) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The default trace on $server cannot be stopped. Use Set-DbaSpConfigure to turn it off." -Continue
            }
            
            $stopsql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 0"
            $removesql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 2"
            
            try {
                $server.Query($stopsql)
                if (Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Id $traceid) {
                    $server.Query($removesql)
                }
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Id                = $traceid
                    Status            = "Stopped, closed and deleted"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                return
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Removes Extended Events sessions.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This script removes Extended Events sessions on a SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Specifies a list of Extended Events sessions to remove.
 
        .PARAMETER AllSessions
            If this switch is enabled, all Extended Events sessions will be removed except the packaged sessions AlwaysOn_health, system_health, telemetry_xevents.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts a collection of XEsession objects as output by Get-DbaXESession.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
             
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaXESession
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2012 -AllSessions
 
            Removes all Extended Event Session on the sqlserver2014 instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Remove-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2
 
            Removes the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions.
         
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 | Remove-DbaXESession -Confirm:$false
 
            Removes all sessions from sql2017, bypassing prompts.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2012 -Session xesession1 | Remove-DbaXESession
 
            Removes the sessions returned from the Get-DbaXESession function.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Session', SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [switch]$AllSessions,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Remove each XESession
        function Remove-XESessions {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions)
            
            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $instance = $xe.Parent.Name
                $session = $xe.Name
                
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Removing XEvent Session $session")) {
                    try {
                        $xe.Drop()
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $xe.Parent.NetName
                            InstanceName = $xe.Parent.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $xe.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                            Session      = $session
                            Status       = "Removed"
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove XEvent Session on $instance" -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    process {
        if ($InputObject) {
            # avoid the collection issue
            $sessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $InputObject.Parent -Session $InputObject.Name
            foreach ($item in $sessions) {
                Remove-XESessions $item
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $xeSessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                # Filter xeSessions based on parameters
                if ($Session) {
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
                }
                elseif ($AllSessions) {
                    $systemSessions = @('AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health', 'telemetry_xevents')
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $systemSessions }
                }

                Remove-XESessions $xeSessions
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
           Removes an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job.
         
        .DESCRIPTION
           Removes an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job.
         
        .PARAMETER InputObject
           Specifies one or more XESmartTarget job objects as output by Get-DbaXESmartTarget.
         
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
              
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaXESmartTarget
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Remove-DbaXESmartTarget
             
            Removes all XESmartTarget jobs.
         
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Where-Object Id -eq 2 | Remove-DbaXESmartTarget
             
            Removes a specific XESmartTarget job.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Removing job $id")) {
            try {
                $id = $InputObject.Id
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Removing job $id, this may take a couple minutes."
                Get-Job -ID $InputObject.Id | Remove-Job -Force
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Successfully removed $id."
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Rename-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Changes database name, logical file names, file group names and physical file names (optionally handling the move). BETA VERSION.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Can change every database metadata that can be renamed.
        The ultimate goal is choosing to have a default template to enforce in your environment
        so your naming convention for every bit can be put in place in no time.
        The process is as follows (it follows the hierarchy of the entities):
            - database name is changed (optionally, forcing users out)
            - filegroup name(s) are changed accordingly
            - logical name(s) are changed accordingly
            - physical file(s) are changed accordingly
                - if Move is specified, the database will be taken offline and the move will initiate, then it will be taken online
                - if Move is not specified, the database remains online (unless SetOffline), and you are in charge of moving files
        If any of the above fails, the process stops.
        Please take a backup of your databases BEFORE using this, and remember to backup AFTER (also a FULL backup of master)
 
        It returns an object for each database with all the renames done, plus hidden properties showing a "human" representation of them.
 
        It's better you store the resulting object in a variable so you can inspect it in case of issues, e.g. "$result = Rename-DbaDatabase ....."
 
        To get a grasp without worrying of what would happen under the hood, use "Rename-DbaDatabase .... -Preview | Select-Object *"
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target any number of instances, in order to return their build state.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        When connecting to an instance, use the credentials specified.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        Targets only specified databases
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Excludes only specified databases
 
    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        If you want to apply the naming convention system wide, you need to pass this parameter
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        Pass a template to rename the database name. Valid placeholders are:
            - <DBN> current database name
            - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
 
    .PARAMETER FileGroupName
        Pass a template to rename file group name. Valid placeholders are:
            - <FGN> current filegroup name
            - <DBN> current database name
            - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
        If distinct names cannot be generated, a counter will be appended (0001, 0002, 0003, etc)
 
    .PARAMETER LogicalName
        Pass a template to rename logical name. Valid placeholders are:
            - <FT> file type (ROWS, LOG)
            - <LGN> current logical name
            - <FGN> current filegroup name
            - <DBN> current database name
            - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
        If distinct names cannot be generated, a counter will be appended (0001, 0002, 0003, etc)
 
    .PARAMETER FileName
        Pass a template to rename file name. Valid placeholders are:
            - <FNN> current file name (the basename, without directory nor extension)
            - <FT> file type (ROWS, LOG, MMO, FS)
            - <LGN> current logical name
            - <FGN> current filegroup name
            - <DBN> current database name
            - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
        If distinct names cannot be generated, a counter will be appended (0001, 0002, 0003, etc)
 
    .PARAMETER ReplaceBefore
        If you pass this switch, all upper level "current names" will be inspected and replaced BEFORE doing the
        rename according to the template in the current level (remember the hierarchy):
        Let's say you have a database named "dbatools_HR", composed by 3 files
            - dbatools_HR_Data.mdf
            - dbatools_HR_Index.ndf
            - dbatools_HR_log.ldf
        Rename-DbaDatabase .... -Database "dbatools_HR" -DatabaseName "dbatools_HRARCHIVE" -FileName '<DBN><FNN>'
        would end up with this logic:
        - database --> no placeholders specified
            - dbatools_HR to dbatools_HRARCHIVE
                - filenames placeholders specified
                    <DBN><FNN> --> current database name + current filename"
                        - dbatools_HR_Data.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVEdbatools_HR_Data.mdf
                        - dbatools_HR_Index.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVEdbatools_HR_Data.mdf
                        - dbatools_HR_log.ldf to dbatools_HRARCHIVEdbatools_HR_log.ldf
        Passing this switch, instead, e.g.
        Rename-DbaDatabase .... -Database "dbatools_HR" -DatabaseName "dbatools_HRARCHIVE" -FileName '<DBN><FNN>' -ReplaceBefore
        end up with this logic instead:
        - database --> no placeholders specified
            - dbatools_HR to dbatools_HRARCHIVE
                - filenames placeholders specified,
                    <DBN><FNN>, plus -ReplaceBefore --> current database name + replace OLD "upper level" names inside the current filename
                    - dbatools_HR_Data.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVE_Data.mdf
                    - dbatools_HR_Index.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVE_Data.mdf
                    - dbatools_HR_log.ldf to dbatools_HRARCHIVE_log.ldf
 
    .PARAMETER Force
        Kills any open session to be able to do renames.
 
    .PARAMETER SetOffline
        Kills any open session and sets the database offline to be able to move files
 
    .PARAMETER Move
        If you want this function to move files, else you're the one in charge of it.
        This enables the same functionality as SetOffline, killing open transactions and putting the database
        offline, then do the actual rename and setting it online again afterwards
 
    .PARAMETER Preview
        Shows the renames without performing any operation (recommended to find your way around this function parameters ;-) )
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
        Internal parameter to be able to accept piped data
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: niphlod
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Rename-DbaDatabase
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName HR2 | select *
 
    Shows the detailed resultset you'll get renaming the HR database to HR2 without doing anything
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName HR2
 
    Renames the HR database to HR2
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR | Rename-DbaDatabase -DatabaseName HR2
 
    Same as before, but with a piped database (renames the HR database to HR2)
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>"
 
    Renames the HR database to dbatools_HR
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>_<DATE>"
 
    Renames the HR database to dbatools_HR_20170807 (if today is 07th Aug 2017)
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -FileGroupName "dbatools_<FGN>"
 
    Renames every FileGroup within HR to "dbatools_[the original FileGroup name]"
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileGroupName "<DBN>_<FGN>"
 
    Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR", then renames every FileGroup within to "dbatools_HR_[the original FileGroup name]"
    Note the "default recursive behaviour" here: for all intents and purposes the result of the former can be obtained with two distinct calls:
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -FileGroupName "dbatools_<DBN>_<FGN>"
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>"
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileName "<DBN>_<FGN>_<FNN>"
 
    Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR" and then all filenames as "dbatools_HR_[Name of the FileGroup]_[original_filename]"
    The db stays online (watch out!). You can then proceed manually to move/copy files by hand, set the db offline and then online again to finish the rename process
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileName "<DBN>_<FGN>_<FNN>" -SetOffline
 
    Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR" and then all filenames as "dbatools_HR_[Name of the FileGroup]_[original_filename]"
    The db is then set offline (watch out!). You can then proceed manually to move/copy files by hand and then set it online again to finish the rename process
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileName "<DBN>_<FGN>_<FNN>" -Move
 
    Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR" and then all filenames as "dbatools_HR_[Name of the FileGroup]_[original_filename]"
    The db is then set offline (watch out!). The function tries to do a simple rename and then sets the db online again to finish the rename process
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        [string]$FileGroupName,
        [string]$LogicalName,
        [string]$FileName,
        [switch]$ReplaceBefore,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$Move,
        [switch]$SetOffline,
        [switch]$Preview,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Pipe")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $CurrentDate = Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd'

        function Get-DbaNameStructure($database) {
            $obj = @()
            # db name
            $obj += "- Database : $database"
            # FileGroups
            foreach ($fg in $database.FileGroups) {
                $obj += " - FileGroup: $($fg.Name)"
                # LogicalNames
                foreach ($ln in $fg.Files) {
                    $obj += " - Logical: $($ln.Name)"
                    $obj += " - FileName: $($ln.FileName)"
                }
            }
            $obj += " - Logfiles"
            foreach ($log in $database.LogFiles) {
                $obj += " - Logical: $($log.Name)"
                $obj += " - FileName: $($log.FileName)"
            }
            return $obj -Join "`n"
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$DatabaseCollection -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database/ExcludeDatabase to continue"
            return
        }
        if (!$DatabaseName -and !$FileGroupName -and !$LogicalName -and !$FileName) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one of -DatabaseName,-FileGroupName,-LogicalName or -Filename to continue"
            return
        }
        $dbs = @()
        if ($DatabaseCollection) {
            if ($DatabaseCollection.Name) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabase
                $dbs += $DatabaseCollection
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                $all_dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
                $dbs += $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }
                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            }
        }

        # holds all dbs per instance to avoid naming clashes
        $InstanceDbs = @{}

        # holds all db file enumerations (used for -Move only)
        $InstanceFiles = @{}

        #region db loop
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {
            # used to stop futher operations on database
            $failed = $false

            # pending renames initialized at db level
            $Pending_Renames = @()

            $Entities_Before = @{}

            $server = $db.Parent
            if ($db.Name -in @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution')) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) is a system one, skipping..."
                continue
            }
            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) is not accessible, skipping..."
                continue
            }
            if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true -or $db.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) is either mirrored or in an AG, skipping..."
                continue
            }
            $Server_Id = $server.DomainInstanceName
            if ( !$InstanceDbs.ContainsKey($Server_Id) ) {
                $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id] = @{}
                foreach ($dn in $server.Databases.Name) {
                    $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id][$dn] = 1
                }
            }

            $Entities_Before['DBN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['FGN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['LGN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['FNN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name] = $db.Name
            #region databasename
            if ($DatabaseName) {
                $Orig_DBName = $db.Name
                # fixed replacements
                $NewDBName = $DatabaseName.Replace('<DBN>', $Orig_DBName).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate)
                if ($Orig_DBName -eq $NewDBName) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database name unchanged, skipping"
                }
                else {
                    if ($InstanceDbs[$Server_Id].ContainsKey($NewDBName)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $NewDBName exists already, skipping this rename"
                        $failed = $true
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming Database $db to $NewDBName")) {
                            if ($Force) {
                                $server.KillAllProcesses($Orig_DBName)
                            }
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $db.Rename($NewDBName)
                                }
                                $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id].Remove($Orig_DBName)
                                $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id][$NewDBName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['DBN'][$Orig_DBName] = $NewDBName
                                #$db.Refresh()
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to rename Database : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion databasename
            #region filegroupname
            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                #backfill PRIMARY
                $Entities_Before['FGN']['PRIMARY'] = 'PRIMARY'
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups.Name) {
                    $Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg] = $fg
                }
            }

            if (!$failed -and $FileGroupName) {
                $Editable_FGs = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object Name -ne 'PRIMARY'
                $New_FGNames = @{}
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups.Name) {
                    $New_FGNames[$fg] = 1
                }
                $FGCounter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $Editable_FGs) {
                    $Orig_FGName = $fg.Name
                    $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_FGName
                    if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                        # at Filegroup level, we need to worry about database name
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace($Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name], '')
                    }
                    $NewFGName = $FileGroupName.Replace('<DBN>', $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name]).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                    $FinalFGName = $NewFGName
                    while ($fg.Name -ne $FinalFGName) {
                        if ($FinalFGName -in $New_FGNames.Keys) {
                            $FGCounter += 1
                            $FinalFGName = "$NewFGName$($FGCounter.ToString('000'))"
                        }
                        else {
                            break
                        }
                    }
                    if ($fg.Name -eq $FinalFGName) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary for FileGroup $($fg.Name) (on $db)"
                        continue
                    }
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming FileGroup $($fg.Name) to $FinalFGName")) {
                        try {
                            if (!$Preview) {
                                $fg.Rename($FinalFGName)
                            }
                            $New_FGNames.Remove($Orig_FGName)
                            $New_FGNames[$FinalFGName] = 1
                            $Entities_Before['FGN'][$Orig_FGName] = $FinalFGName
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to rename FileGroup : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            # stop any further renames
                            $failed = $true
                            break
                        }
                    }
                }
                #$db.FileGroups.Refresh()
            }

            #endregion filegroupname
            #region logicalname
            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.Name) {
                    $Entities_Before['LGN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.Name) {
                    $Entities_Before['LGN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
            }
            if (!$failed -and $LogicalName) {
                $New_LogicalNames = @{}
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.Name) {
                    $New_LogicalNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.Name) {
                    $New_LogicalNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                $LNCounter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {
                    $logicalfiles = @($fg.Files)
                    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $logicalfiles.Count; $i++) {
                        $logical = $logicalfiles[$i]
                        $FileType = switch ($fg.FileGroupType) {
                            'RowsFileGroup' { 'ROWS' }
                            'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup' { 'MMO' }
                            'FileStreamDataFileGroup' { 'FS' }
                            default { 'STD' }
                        }
                        $Orig_LGName = $logical.Name
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_LGName
                        if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                            # at Logical Name level, we need to worry about database name and filegroup name
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace($Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name], '').Replace($Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg.Name], '')
                        }
                        $NewLGName = $LogicalName.Replace('<DBN>', $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name]).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', $Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg.Name]).Replace(
                            '<FT>', $FileType).Replace('<LGN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                        $FinalLGName = $NewLGName
                        while ($logical.Name -ne $FinalLGName) {
                            if ($FinalLGName -in $New_LogicalNames.Keys) {
                                $LNCounter += 1
                                $FinalLGName = "$NewLGName$($LNCounter.ToString('000'))"
                            }
                            else {
                                break
                            }
                        }
                        if ($logical.Name -eq $FinalLGName) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary for LogicalFile $($logical.Name) (on FileGroup $($fg.Name) (on $db))"
                            continue
                        }
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming LogicalFile $($logical.Name) to $FinalLGName (on FileGroup $($fg.Name))")) {
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $logical.Rename($FinalLGName)
                                }
                                $New_LogicalNames.Remove($Orig_LGName)
                                $New_LogicalNames[$FinalLGName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['LGN'][$Orig_LGName] = $FinalLGName
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename Logical File : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                #$fg.Files.Refresh()
                if (!$failed) {
                    $logfiles = @($db.LogFiles)
                    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $logfiles.Count; $i++) {
                        $logicallog = $logfiles[$i]
                        $Orig_LGName = $logicallog.Name
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_LGName
                        if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                            # at Logical Name level, we need to worry about database name and filegroup name, but for logfiles filegroup is not there
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace($Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name], '').Replace($Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg.Name], '')
                        }
                        $NewLGName = $LogicalName.Replace('<DBN>', $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name]).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', '').Replace(
                            '<FT>', 'LOG').Replace('<LGN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                        $FinalLGName = $NewLGName
                        if ($FinalLGName.Length -eq 0) {
                            #someone passed in -LogicalName '<FGN>'.... but we don't have FGN here
                            $FinalLGName = $Orig_LGName
                        }
                        while ($logicallog.Name -ne $FinalLGName) {
                            if ($FinalLGName -in $New_LogicalNames.Keys) {
                                $LNCounter += 1
                                $FinalLGName = "$NewLGName$($LNCounter.ToString('000'))"
                            }
                            else {
                                break
                            }
                        }
                        if ($logicallog.Name -eq $FinalLGName) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No Rename necessary for LogicalFile log $($logicallog.Name) (LOG on (on $db))"
                            continue
                        }
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming LogicalFile log $($logicallog.Name) to $FinalLGName (LOG)")) {
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $logicallog.Rename($FinalLGName)
                                }
                                $New_LogicalNames.Remove($Orig_LGName)
                                $New_LogicalNames[$FinalLGName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['LGN'][$Orig_LGName] = $FinalLGName
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename Logical File : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #$db.Logfiles.Refresh()
                }
            }
            #endregion logicalname
            #region filename
            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.FileName) {
                    $Entities_Before['FNN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.FileName) {
                    $Entities_Before['FNN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
            }
            if (!$failed -and $FileName) {

                $New_FileNames = @{}
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.FileName) {
                    $New_FileNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.FileName) {
                    $New_FileNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                # we need to inspect what files are in the same directory
                # to avoid failing the process because the move won't work
                # here we have a dict keyed by instance and then keyed by path
                if ( !$InstanceFiles.ContainsKey($Server_Id) ) {
                    $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id] = @{}
                }
                foreach ($fn in $New_FileNames.Keys) {
                    $dirname = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($fn)
                    if ( !$InstanceFiles[$Server_Id].ContainsKey($dirname) ) {
                        $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$dirname] = @{}
                        try {
                            $dirfiles = Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance $server -Path $dirname -EnableException
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to enumerate existing files at $dirname, move could go wrong"
                        }
                        foreach ($f in $dirfiles) {
                            $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$dirname][$f.Filename] = 1
                        }
                    }
                }
                $FNCounter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {
                    $FG_Files = @($fg.Files)
                    foreach ($logical in $FG_Files) {
                        $FileType = switch ($fg.FileGroupType) {
                            'RowsFileGroup' { 'ROWS' }
                            'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup' { 'MMO' }
                            'FileStreamDataFileGroup' { 'FS' }
                            default { 'STD' }
                        }
                        $FNName = $logical.FileName
                        $FNNameDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($FNName)
                        $Orig_FNNameLeaf = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($logical.FileName)
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_FNNameLeaf
                        if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                            # at Filename level, we need to worry about database name, filegroup name and logical file name
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace($Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name], '').Replace(
                                $Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg.Name], '').Replace($Entities_Before['LGN'][$logical.Name], '')
                        }
                        $NewFNName = $FileName.Replace('<DBN>', $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name]).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', $Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg.Name]).Replace(
                            '<FT>', $FileType).Replace('<LGN>', $Entities_Before['LGN'][$logical.Name]).Replace('<FNN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                        $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))")

                        while ($logical.FileName -ne $FinalFNName) {
                            if ($InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].ContainsKey($FinalFNName)) {
                                $FNCounter += 1
                                $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$($FNCounter.ToString('000'))$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))"
                                )
                            }
                            else {
                                break
                            }
                        }
                        if ($logical.FileName -eq $FinalFNName) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary (on FileGroup $($fg.Name) (on $db))"
                            continue
                        }
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming FileName $($logical.FileName) to $FinalFNName (on FileGroup $($fg.Name))")) {
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $logical.FileName = $FinalFNName
                                    $db.Alter()
                                }
                                $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].Remove($FNName)
                                $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir][$FinalFNName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['FNN'][$FNName] = $FinalFNName
                                $Pending_Renames += [pscustomobject]@{
                                    Source      = $FNName
                                    Destination = $FinalFNName
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename FileName : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (!$failed) {
                        $FG_Files = @($db.Logfiles)
                        foreach ($logical in $FG_Files) {
                            $FNName = $logical.FileName
                            $FNNameDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($FNName)
                            $Orig_FNNameLeaf = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($logical.FileName)
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_FNNameLeaf
                            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                                # at Filename level, we need to worry about database name, filegroup name and logical file name
                                $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace($Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name], '').Replace(
                                    $Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg.Name], '').Replace($Entities_Before['LGN'][$logical.Name], '')
                            }
                            $NewFNName = $FileName.Replace('<DBN>', $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name]).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', '').Replace(
                                '<FT>', 'LOG').Replace('<LGN>', $Entities_Before['LGN'][$logical.Name]).Replace('<FNN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                            $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))")
                            while ($logical.FileName -ne $FinalFNName) {
                                if ($InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].ContainsKey($FinalFNName)) {
                                    $FNCounter += 1
                                    $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$($FNCounter.ToString('000'))$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))")
                                }
                                else {
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                            if ($logical.FileName -eq $FinalFNName) {
                                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary for $($logical.FileName) (LOG on (on $db))"
                                continue
                            }

                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming FileName $($logical.FileName) to $FinalFNName (LOG)")) {
                                try {
                                    if (!$Preview) {
                                        $logical.FileName = $FinalFNName
                                        $db.Alter()
                                    }
                                    $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].Remove($FNName)
                                    $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir][$FinalFNName] = 1
                                    $Entities_Before['FNN'][$FNName] = $FinalFNName
                                    $Pending_Renames += [pscustomobject]@{
                                        Source      = $FNName
                                        Destination = $FinalFNName
                                    }
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename FileName : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                    # stop any further renames
                                    $failed = $true
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                }
                #endregion filename
                #region move
                $ComputerName = $null
                $Final_Renames = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                if ([DbaValidate]::IsLocalhost($server.NetName)) {
                    # locally ran so we can just use rename-item
                    $ComputerName = $server.NetName
                }
                else {
                    # let's start checking if we can access .NetName
                    $testPS = $false
                    if ($SqlCredential) {
                        # why does Test-PSRemoting require a Credential param ? this is ugly...
                        $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $server.NetName -Credential $SqlCredential -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                    else {
                        $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $server.NetName -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                    if (!($testPS)) {
                        # let's try to resolve it to a more qualified name, without "cutting" knowledge about the domain (only $server.Name possibly holds the complete info)
                        $Resolved = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $server.Name).FullComputerName
                        if ($SqlCredential) {
                            $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Resolved -Credential $SqlCredential -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                        else {
                            $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Resolved -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                        if ($testPS) {
                            $ComputerName = $Resolved
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    }
                }
                foreach ($op in $pending_renames) {
                    if ([DbaValidate]::IsLocalhost($server.NetName)) {
                        $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                Source       = $op.Source
                                Destination  = $op.Destination
                                ComputerName = $ComputerName
                            })
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($null -eq $ComputerName) {
                            # if we don't have remote access ($ComputerName is null) we can fallback to admin shares if they're available
                            if (Test-Path (Join-AdminUnc -ServerName $server.NetName -filepath $op.Source)) {
                                $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                        Source       = Join-AdminUnc -ServerName $server.NetName -filepath $op.Source
                                        Destination  = Join-AdminUnc -ServerName $server.NetName -filepath $op.Destination
                                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                    })
                            }
                            else {
                                # flag the impossible rename ($ComputerName is $null)
                                $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                        Source       = $op.Source
                                        Destination  = $op.Destination
                                        ComputerName = $ComputerName
                                    })
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            # we can do renames in a remote pssession
                            $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                    Source       = $op.Source
                                    Destination  = $op.Destination
                                    ComputerName = $ComputerName
                                })
                        }
                    }
                }
                $Status = 'FULL'
                if (!$failed -and ($SetOffline -or $Move) -and $Final_Renames) {
                    if (!$Move) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting the database offline. You are in charge of moving the files to the new location"
                        # because renames still need to be dealt with
                        $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "File Rename required, setting db offline")) {
                            $SetState = Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -Offline -Force
                            if ($SetState.Status -ne 'OFFLINE') {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Setting db offline failed, You are in charge of moving the files to the new location"
                                # because it was impossible to set the database offline
                                $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                            }
                            else {
                                try {
                                    while ($Final_Renames.Count -gt 0) {
                                        $op = $Final_Renames.Item(0)
                                        if ($null -eq $op.ComputerName) {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "No access to physical files for renames"
                                        }
                                        else {
                                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Moving file $($op.Source) to $($op.Destination)"
                                            if (!$Preview) {
                                                $scriptblock = {
                                                    $op = $args[0]
                                                    Rename-Item -Path $op.Source -NewName $op.Destination
                                                }
                                                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $op.ComputerName -Credential $sqlCredential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $op
                                            }
                                        }
                                        $null = $Final_Renames.RemoveAt(0)
                                    }
                                }
                                catch {
                                    $failed = $true
                                    # because a rename operation failed
                                    $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to rename $($op.Source) to $($op.Destination), you are in charge of moving the files to the new location" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
                                }
                                if (!$failed) {
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Setting database online")) {
                                        $SetState = Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -Online -Force
                                        if ($SetState.Status -ne 'ONLINE') {
                                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Setting db online failed"
                                            # because renames were done, but the database didn't wake up
                                            $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                                        }
                                        else {
                                            $Status = 'FULL'
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    # because of a previous error with renames to do
                    $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                }
            }
            else {
                if (!$failed) {
                    # because no previous error and not filename
                    $Status = 'FULL'
                }
                else {
                    # because previous errors and not filename
                    $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                }
            }
            #endregion move
            # remove entities that match for the output
            foreach ($k in $Entities_Before.Keys) {
                $ToRemove = $Entities_Before[$k].GetEnumerator() | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $_.Value } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                foreach ($el in $ToRemove) {
                    $Entities_Before[$k].Remove($el)
                }
            }
            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database           = $db
                DBN                = $Entities_Before['DBN']
                DatabaseRenames    = ($Entities_Before['DBN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)" }) -Join "`n"
                FGN                = $Entities_Before['FGN']
                FileGroupsRenames  = ($Entities_Before['FGN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)" }) -Join "`n"
                LGN                = $Entities_Before['LGN']
                LogicalNameRenames = ($Entities_Before['LGN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)"  }) -Join "`n"
                FNN                = $Entities_Before['FNN']
                FileNameRenames    = ($Entities_Before['FNN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)"  }) -Join "`n"
                PendingRenames     = $Final_Renames
                Status             = $Status
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty DatabaseRenames, FileGroupsRenames, LogicalNameRenames, FileNameRenames
        }
        #endregion db loop
    }
}
function Rename-DbaLogin {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Rename-DbaLogin will rename login and database mapping for a specified login.
 
.DESCRIPTION
There are times where you might want to rename a login that was copied down, or if the name is not descriptive for what it does.
 
It can be a pain to update all of the mappings for a specific user, this does it for you.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER Destination
Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Login
The current Login on the server - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
.PARAMETER NewLogin
The new Login that you wish to use. If it is a windows user login, then the SID must match.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts to confirm actions
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
 
.NOTES
Tags: Login
Author: Mitchell Hamann (@SirCaptainMitch)
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Rename-DbaLogin
 
.EXAMPLE
Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance localhost -Login DbaToolsUser -NewLogin captain
 
SQL Login Example
 
.EXAMPLE
Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance localhost -Login domain\oldname -NewLogin domain\newname
 
Change the windowsuser login name.
 
.EXAMPLE
Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance localhost -Login dbatoolsuser -NewLogin captain -WhatIf
 
WhatIf Example
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Login,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$NewLogin,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $Databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
            $currentLogin = $server.Logins[$Login]

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing Login name from [$Login] to [$NewLogin]")) {
                try {
                    $dbenums = $currentLogin.EnumDatabaseMappings()
                    $currentLogin.rename($NewLogin)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $null
                        OldLogin     = $Login
                        NewLogin     = $NewLogin
                        Status       = "Successful"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    $dbenums = $null
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $null
                        OldLogin     = $Login
                        NewLogin     = $NewLogin
                        Status       = "Failure"
                    }
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $login
                }
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbenums) {
                $db = $databases[$db.DBName]
                $user = $db.Users[$Login]
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting update for $db"

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing database $db user $user from [$Login] to [$NewLogin]")) {
                    try {
                        $oldname = $user.name
                        $user.Rename($NewLogin)
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            OldUser      = $oldname
                            NewUser      = $NewLogin
                            Status       = "Successful"
                        }

                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Rolling back update to login: $Login"
                        $currentLogin.rename($Login)

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            OldUser      = $NewLogin
                            NewUser      = $oldname
                            Status       = "Failure to rename. Rolled back change."
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $NewLogin
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Repair-DbaOrphanUser {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Finds orphan users with existing login and remaps them.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            An orphan user is defined by a user that does not have a matching login (Login property = "").
 
            If the matching login exists it must be:
                Enabled
                Not a system object
                Not locked
                Have the same name that user
 
            You can drop users that does not have their matching login by specifying the parameter -RemoveNotExisting.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER Users
            Specifies the list of usernames to repair.
 
        .PARAMETER RemoveNotExisting
            If this switch is enabled, all users that do not have a matching login will be dropped from the database.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sql2005
 
            Finds and repairs all orphan users of all databases present on server 'sql2005'
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Finds and repair all orphan users in all databases present on server 'sqlserver2014a'. SQL credentials are used to authenticate to the server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2
 
            Finds and repairs all orphan users in both db1 and db2 databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1 -Users OrphanUser
 
            Finds and repairs user 'OrphanUser' in 'db1' database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Users OrphanUser
 
            Finds and repairs user 'OrphanUser' on all databases
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -RemoveNotExisting
 
            Finds all orphan users of all databases present on server 'sqlserver2014a'. Removes all users that do not have matching Logins.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Orphan
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Repair-DbaOrphanUser
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$Users,
        [switch]$RemoveNotExisting,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        $start = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $SqlInstance."
                continue
            }

            if ($Database.Count -eq 0) {

                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
            }
            else {
                if ($pipedatabase.Length -gt 0) {
                    $Source = $pipedatabase[0].parent.name
                    $DatabaseCollection = $pipedatabase.name
                }
                else {
                    $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and ($Database -contains $_.Name) }
                }
            }

            if ($DatabaseCollection.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                    try {
                        #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
                        if ($server.versionMajor -gt 10) {
                            if ($db.ContainmentType -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ContainmentType]::None) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is a contained database. Contained databases can't have orphaned users. Skipping validation."
                                Continue
                            }
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Validating users on database '$db'."

                        if ($Users.Count -eq 0) {
                            #the third validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                            $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin) -eq $false }
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($pipedatabase.Length -gt 0) {
                                $Source = $pipedatabase[3].parent.name
                                $UsersToWork = $pipedatabase.name
                            }
                            else {
                                #the fourth validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                                $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($Users -contains $_.Name) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin) -eq $false) }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($UsersToWork.Count -gt 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan users found"
                            $UsersToRemove = @()
                            foreach ($User in $UsersToWork) {
                                $ExistLogin = $server.logins | Where-Object {
                                    $_.Isdisabled -eq $False -and
                                    $_.IsSystemObject -eq $False -and
                                    $_.IsLocked -eq $False -and
                                    $_.Name -eq $User.Name
                                }

                                if ($ExistLogin) {
                                    if ($server.versionMajor -gt 8) {
                                        $query = "ALTER USER " + $User + " WITH LOGIN = " + $User
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        $query = "exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one', '$User'"
                                    }

                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Mapping user '$($User.Name)'")) {
                                        $server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteNonQuery($query) | Out-Null
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`r`nUser '$($User.Name)' mapped with their login."

                                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                                            SqlInstance  = $server.name
                                            DatabaseName = $db.Name
                                            User         = $User.Name
                                            Status       = "Success"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                else {
                                    if ($RemoveNotExisting -eq $true) {
                                        #add user to collection
                                        $UsersToRemove += $User
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan user $($User.Name) does not have matching login."
                                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                                            SqlInstance  = $server.name
                                            DatabaseName = $db.Name
                                            User         = $User.Name
                                            Status       = "No matching login"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            #With the collection complete invoke remove.
                            if ($RemoveNotExisting -eq $true) {
                                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Remove-DbaOrphanUser")) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Calling 'Remove-DbaOrphanUser'."
                                    Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $db.Name -User $UsersToRemove
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphan users found on database '$db'."
                        }
                        #reset collection
                        $UsersToWork = $null
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        $totaltime = ($start.Elapsed)
        $start.Stop()
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totaltime."

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Repair-SqlOrphanUser
    }
}
function Repair-DbaServerName {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Renames @@SERVERNAME to match with the Windows name.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            When a SQL Server's host OS is renamed, the SQL Server should be as well. This helps with Availability Groups and Kerberos.
 
            This command renames @@SERVERNAME to match with the Windows name. The new name is automatically determined. It does not matter if you use an alias to connect to the SQL instance.
 
            If the automatically determined new name matches the old name, the command will not run.
 
            https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2525/steps-to-change-the-server-name-for-a-sql-server-machine/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER AutoFix
            If this switch is enabled, the repair will be performed automatically.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, most confirmation prompts will be skipped.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SPN
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Repair-DbaServerName
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sql2014
 
            Checks to see if the server name is updatable and changes the name with a number of prompts.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sql2014 -AutoFix
 
            Checks to see if the server name is updatable and automatically performs the change. Replication or mirroring will be broken if necessary.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Repair-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sql2014 -AutoFix -Force
 
            Checks to see if the server name is updatable and automatically performs the change, bypassing most prompts and confirmations. Replication or mirroring will be broken if necessary.
    #>
    [OutputType("System.String")]
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$AutoFix,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {
        if ($Force -eq $true) {
            $ConfirmPreference = "None"
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($servername in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $servername -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Can't connect to $servername. Moving on."
                Continue
            }

            if ($server.isClustered) {

                Write-Warning "$servername is a cluster. Microsoft does not support renaming clusters."
                Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                Write-Warning "SQL Server 2000 not supported. Skipping $servername."
                Continue
            }

            # Check to see if we can easily proceed
            Write-Verbose "Executing Test-DbaServerName to see if the server is in a state to be renamed. "

            $nametest = Test-DbaServerName $servername -NoWarning | Select-Object *
            $serverinstancename = $nametest.ServerInstanceName
            $SqlInstancename = $nametest.SqlServerName

            if ($nametest.RenameRequired -eq $false) {
                return "Good news! $serverinstancename's @@SERVERNAME does not need to be changed. If you'd like to rename it, first rename the Windows server."
            }

            if ($nametest.updatable -eq $false) {
                Write-Output "Test-DbaServerName reports that the rename cannot proceed with a rename in this $servername's current state."

                $nametest

                foreach ($nametesterror in $nametest.Blockers) {
                    if ($nametesterror -like '*replication*') {
                        $replication = $true

                        if ($AutoFix -eq $false) {
                            throw "Cannot proceed because some databases are involved in replication. You can run exec sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1 but that may be pretty dangerous. Alternatively, you can run -AutoFix to automatically fix this issue. AutoFix will also break all database mirrors."
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Prompt will appear for confirmation to break replication.")) {
                                $title = "You have chosen to AutoFix the blocker: replication."
                                $message = "We can run sp_dropdistributor which will pretty much destroy replication on this server. Do you wish to continue? (Y/N)"
                                $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Will continue"
                                $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will exit"
                                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 1)

                                if ($result -eq 1) {
                                    throw "Cannot continue"
                                }
                                else {
                                    Write-Output "`nPerforming sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1."
                                    $sql = "sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1"
                                    Write-Debug $sql
                                    try {
                                        $null = $server.Query($sql)
                                        Write-Output "Successfully executed $sql.`n"
                                    }
                                    catch {
                                        Write-Exception $_
                                        throw $_
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    elseif ($Error -like '*mirror*') {
                        if ($AutoFix -eq $false) {
                            throw "Cannot proceed because some databases are being mirrored. Stop mirroring to proceed. Alternatively, you can run -AutoFix to automatically fix this issue. AutoFix will also stop replication."
                        }
                        else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Prompt will appear for confirmation to break replication.")) {
                                $title = "You have chosen to AutoFix the blocker: mirroring."
                                $message = "We can run sp_dropdistributor which will pretty much destroy replication on this server. Do you wish to continue? (Y/N)"
                                $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Will continue"
                                $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will exit"
                                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 1)

                                if ($result -eq 1) {
                                    Write-Output "Okay, moving on."
                                }
                                else {
                                    Write-Output "Removing Mirroring"

                                    foreach ($database in $server.Databases) {
                                        if ($database.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                                            $dbname = $database.name

                                            try {
                                                Write-Output "Breaking mirror for $dbname."
                                                $database.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                                                $database.Alter()
                                                $database.Refresh()
                                            }
                                            catch {
                                                Write-Exception $_
                                                throw "Could not break mirror for $dbname. Skipping."
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            # ^ That's embarrassing

            $instancename = $instance = $server.InstanceName

            if ($instancename.length -eq 0) {
                $instancename = $instance = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }

            try {
                $allsqlservices = Get-Service -ComputerName $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like "SQL*$instance*" -and $_.Status -eq "Running" }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Can't contact $servername using Get-Service. This means the script will not be able to automatically restart SQL services."
            }

            if ($nametest.Warnings.length -gt 0) {
                $reportingservice = Get-Service -ComputerName $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -DisplayName "SQL Server Reporting Services ($instance)" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if ($reportingservice.Status -eq "Running") {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Reporting Services is running for this instance. Would you like to automatically stop this service?")) {
                        $reportingservice | Stop-Service
                        Write-Warning "You must reconfigure Reporting Services using Reporting Services Configuration Manager or PowerShell once the server has been successfully renamed."
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Performing sp_dropserver to remove the old server name, $SqlInstancename, then sp_addserver to add $serverinstancename")) {
                $sql = "sp_dropserver '$SqlInstancename'"
                Write-Debug $sql
                try {
                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                    Write-Output "`nSuccessfully executed $sql."
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Exception $_
                    throw $_
                }

                $sql = "sp_addserver '$serverinstancename', local"
                Write-Debug $sql

                try {
                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                    Write-Output "Successfully executed $sql."
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Exception $_
                    throw $_
                }
                $renamed = $true
            }

            if ($null -eq $allsqlservices) {
                Write-Warning "Could not contact $($server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS) using Get-Service. You must manually restart the SQL Server instance."
                $needsrestart = $true
            }
            else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS, "Rename complete! The SQL Service must be restarted to commit the changes. Would you like to restart the $instancename instance now?")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Output "`nStopping SQL Services for the $instancename instance"
                        $allsqlservices | Stop-Service -Force -WarningAction SilentlyContinue # because it reports the wrong name
                        Write-Output "Starting SQL Services for the $instancename instance."
                        $allsqlservices | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -notlike "*reporting*" } | Start-Service -WarningAction SilentlyContinue # because it reports the wrong name
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Exception $_
                        throw "Could not restart at least one SQL Service."
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($renamed -eq $true) {
                Write-Output "`n$servername successfully renamed from $SqlInstancename to $serverinstancename."
            }

            if ($needsrestart -eq $true) {
                Write-Output "SQL Service restart for $serverinstancename still required."
            }
        }
    }
}
function Reset-DbaAdmin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This function allows administrators to regain access to SQL Servers in the event that passwords or access was lost.
 
            Supports SQL Server 2005 and above. Windows administrator access is required.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function allows administrators to regain access to local or remote SQL Servers by either resetting the sa password, adding the sysadmin role to existing login, or adding a new login (SQL or Windows) and granting it sysadmin privileges.
 
            This is accomplished by stopping the SQL services or SQL Clustered Resource Group, then restarting SQL via the command-line using the /mReset-DbaAdmin parameter which starts the server in Single-User mode and only allows this script to connect.
 
            Once the service is restarted, the following tasks are performed:
            - Login is added if it doesn't exist
            - If login is a Windows User, an attempt is made to ensure it exists
            - If login is a SQL Login, password policy will be set to OFF when creating the login, and SQL Server authentication will be set to Mixed Mode.
            - Login will be enabled and unlocked
            - Login will be added to sysadmin role
 
            If failures occur at any point, a best attempt is made to restart the SQL Server.
 
            In order to make this script as portable as possible, System.Data.SqlClient and Get-WmiObject are used (as opposed to requiring the Failover Cluster Admin tools or SMO).
 
            If using this function against a remote SQL Server, ensure WinRM is configured and accessible. If this is not possible, run the script locally.
 
            Tested on Windows XP, 7, 8.1, Server 2012 and Windows Server Technical Preview 2.
            Tested on SQL Server 2005 SP4 through 2016 CTP2.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance. SQL Server must be 2005 and above, and can be a clustered or stand-alone instance.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            By default, the Login parameter is "sa" but any other SQL or Windows account can be specified. If a login does not currently exist, it will be added.
 
            When adding a Windows login to remote servers, ensure the SQL Server can add the login (ie, don't add WORKSTATION\Admin to remoteserver\instance. Domain users and Groups are valid input.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, the Login(s) will be dropped and recreated on Destination. Logins that own Agent jobs cannot be dropped at this time.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Reset-DbaAdmin -SqlInstance sqlcluster
 
            Prompts for password, then resets the "sa" account password on sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Reset-DbaAdmin -SqlInstance sqlserver\sqlexpress -Login ad\administrator
 
            Prompts user to confirm that they understand the SQL Service will be restarted.
 
            Adds the domain account "ad\administrator" as a sysadmin to the SQL instance.
            If the account already exists, it will be added to the sysadmin role.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Reset-DbaAdmin -SqlInstance sqlserver\sqlexpress -Login sqladmin -Force
 
            Skips restart confirmation, prompts for password, then adds a SQL Login "sqladmin" with sysadmin privileges.
            If the account already exists, it will be added to the sysadmin role and the password will be reset.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: WSMan
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: Admin access to server (not SQL Services),
            Remoting must be enabled and accessible if $SqlInstance is not local
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Reset-DbaAdmin
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]
        $SqlInstance,
        [string]$Login = "sa",
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Reset-SqlAdmin

        #region Utility functions
        function ConvertTo-PlainText {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Internal function.
             #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [Security.SecureString]
                $Password
            )

            $marshal = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]
            $plaintext = $marshal::PtrToStringAuto($marshal::SecureStringToBSTR($Password))
            return $plaintext
        }

        function Invoke-ResetSqlCmd {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Internal function. Executes a SQL statement against specified computer, and uses "Reset-DbaAdmin" as the Application Name.
            #>
            [OutputType([System.Boolean])]
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
                [DbaInstanceParameter]
                $SqlInstance,
                [string]$sql
            )
            try {
                $connstring = "Data Source=$SqlInstance;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=2;Application Name=Reset-DbaAdmin"
                $conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection $connstring
                $conn.Open()
                $cmd = New-Object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand($null, $conn)
                $cmd.CommandText = $sql
                $cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() | Out-Null
                $cmd.Dispose()
                $conn.Close()
                $conn.Dispose()
                return $true
            }
            catch {
                return $false
            }
        }
        #endregion Utility functions
    }

    process {
        if ($Force) {
            $ConfirmPreference = "none"
        }

        $baseaddress = $SqlInstance.ComputerName

        # Before we continue, we need confirmation.
        if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($baseaddress, "Reset-DbaAdmin (SQL Server instance $SqlInstance will restart)")) {
            # Get hostname

            if ($baseaddress -eq "." -or $baseaddress -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME -or $baseaddress -eq "localhost") {
                $ipaddr = "."
                $hostname = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                $baseaddress = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }

            # If server is not local, get IP address and NetBios name in case CNAME records were referenced in the SQL hostname
            if ($baseaddress -ne $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                # Test for WinRM #Test-WinRM neh
                winrm id -r:$baseaddress 2>$null | Out-Null
                if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
                    throw "Remote PowerShell access not enabled on on $source or access denied. Quitting."
                }

                # Test Connection first using Test-Connection which requires ICMP access then failback to tcp if pings are blocked
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing connection to $baseaddress"
                $testconnect = Test-Connection -ComputerName $baseaddress -Count 1 -Quiet

                if ($testconnect -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "First attempt using ICMP failed. Trying to connect using sockets. This may take up to 20 seconds."
                    $tcp = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
                    try {
                        $tcp.Connect($hostname, 135)
                        $tcp.Close()
                        $tcp.Dispose()
                    }
                    catch {
                        throw "Can't connect to $baseaddress either via ping or tcp (WMI port 135)"
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving IP address."
                try {
                    $hostentry = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($baseaddress)
                    $ipaddr = ($hostentry.AddressList | Where-Object { $_ -notlike '169.*' } | Select-Object -First 1).IPAddressToString
                }
                catch {
                    throw "Could not resolve SqlServer IP or NetBIOS name"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving NetBIOS name."
                try {
                    $hostname = (Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration -Filter IPEnabled=TRUE -ComputerName $ipaddr).PSComputerName
                    if ($null -eq $hostname) {
                        $hostname = (nbtstat -A $ipaddr | Where-Object { $_ -match '\<00\> UNIQUE' } | ForEach-Object { $_.SubString(4, 14) }).Trim()
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    throw "Could not access remote WMI object. Check permissions and firewall."
                }
            }

            # Setup remote session if server is not local
            if ($hostname -ne $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                try {
                    $session = New-PSSession -ComputerName $hostname
                }
                catch {
                    throw "Can't access $hostname using PSSession. Check your firewall settings and ensure Remoting is enabled or run the script locally."
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Detecting login type."
            # Is login a Windows login? If so, does it exist?
            if ($login -match "\\") {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Windows login detected. Checking to ensure account is valid."
                $windowslogin = $true
                try {
                    if ($hostname -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                        $account = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($args)
                        $sid = $account.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
                    }
                    else {
                        Invoke-Command -ErrorAction Stop -Session $session -ArgumentList $login -ScriptBlock {
                            $account = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($args)
                            $sid = $account.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot resolve Windows User or Group $login. Trying anyway."
                }
            }

            # If it's not a Windows login, it's a SQL login, so it needs a password.
            if ($windowslogin -ne $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL login detected"
                do {
                    $Password = Read-Host -AsSecureString "Please enter a new password for $login"
                }
                while ($Password.Length -eq 0)
            }

            # Get instance and service display name, then get services
            $instance = $null
            $instance = $SqlInstance.InstanceName
            if (-not $instance) {
                $instance = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }
            $displayName = "SQL Server ($instance)"

            try {
                if ($hostname -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                    $instanceservices = Get-Service -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like "*($instance)*" -and $_.Status -eq "Running" }
                    $sqlservice = Get-Service -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instance)"
                }
                else {
                    $instanceservices = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like "*($instance)*" -and $_.Status -eq "Running" }
                    $sqlservice = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instance)"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot connect to WMI on $hostname or SQL Service does not exist. Check permissions, firewall and SQL Server running status." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }

            if (-not $instanceservices) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't find SQL Server instance. Check the spelling, ensure the service is running and try again." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to stop SQL Services."

            # Check to see if service is clustered. Clusters don't support -m (since the cluster service
            # itself connects immediately) or -f, so they are handled differently.
            try {
                $checkcluster = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "ClusSvc" -and $_.Status -eq "Running" }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't check services." -Target $SqlInstance -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($null -ne $checkcluster) {
                $clusterResource = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName "MSCluster_Resource" -Namespace "root\mscluster" -ComputerName $hostname |
                    Where-Object { $_.Name.StartsWith("SQL Server") -and $_.OwnerGroup -eq "SQL Server ($instance)" }
            }

            # Take SQL Server offline so that it can be started in single-user mode
            if ($clusterResource.count -gt 0) {
                $isclustered = $true
                try {
                    $clusterResource | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SQL Server" } | ForEach-Object { $_.TakeOffline(60) }
                }
                catch {
                    $clusterResource | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SQL Server" } | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                    $clusterResource | Where-Object { $_.Name -ne "SQL Server" } | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop the SQL Service. Restarted SQL Service and quit." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    Stop-Service -InputObject $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully stopped SQL service."
                }
                catch {
                    Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction Stop
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop the SQL Service. Restarted SQL service and quit." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }

            # /mReset-DbaAdmin Starts an instance of SQL Server in single-user mode and only allows this script to connect.
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting SQL Service from command line."
            try {
                if ($hostname -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                    $netstart = net start ""$displayname"" /mReset-DbaAdmin 2>&1
                    if ("$netstart" -notmatch "success") {
                        throw
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $netstart = Invoke-Command -ErrorAction Stop -Session $session -ArgumentList $displayname -ScriptBlock { net start ""$args"" /mReset-DbaAdmin } 2>&1
                    foreach ($line in $netstart) {
                        if ($line.length -gt 0) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $line }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Service -InputObject $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if ($isclustered) {
                    $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -eq "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                    $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -ne "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                }
                else {
                    Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                }
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't execute net start command. Restarted services and quit." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconnecting to SQL instance."
            try {
                $null = Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql "SELECT 1" -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                try {
                    Start-Sleep 3
                    $null = Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql "SELECT 1" -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Service Input-Object $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    if ($isclustered) {
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SQL Server" } | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object { $_.Name -ne "SQL Server" } | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                    }
                    else {
                        Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop the SQL Service. Restarted SQL Service and quit." -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }

            # Get login. If it doesn't exist, create it.
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding login $login if it doesn't exist."
            if ($windowslogin -eq $true) {
                $sql = "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM master.sys.server_principals WHERE name = '$login')
                    BEGIN CREATE LOGIN [$login] FROM WINDOWS END"
                if ($(Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql $sql) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't create login."
                }

            }
            elseif ($login -ne "sa") {
                # Create new sql user
                $sql = "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM master.sys.server_principals WHERE name = '$login')
                    BEGIN CREATE LOGIN [$login] WITH PASSWORD = '$(ConvertTo-PlainText $Password)', CHECK_POLICY = OFF, CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF END"
                if ($(Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql $sql) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't create login."
                }
            }

            # If $login is a SQL Login, Mixed mode authentication is required.
            if ($windowslogin -ne $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Enabling mixed mode authentication."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring account is unlocked."
                $sql = "EXEC xp_instance_regwrite N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'LoginMode', REG_DWORD, 2"
                if ($(Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql $sql) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't set to Mixed Mode."
                }

                $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$login] WITH CHECK_POLICY = OFF
                    ALTER LOGIN [$login] WITH PASSWORD = '$(ConvertTo-PlainText $Password)' UNLOCK"
                if ($(Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql $sql) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't unlock account."
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring login is enabled."
            $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$login] ENABLE"
            if ($(Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql $sql) -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't enable login."
            }

            if ($login -ne "sa") {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring login exists within sysadmin role."
                $sql = "EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$login', 'sysadmin'"
                if ($(Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -Sql $sql) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't add to sysadmin role."
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished with login tasks."
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restarting SQL Server."
            Stop-Service -InputObject $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($isclustered -eq $true) {
                $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -eq "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
                $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -ne "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object { $_.BringOnline(60) }
            }
            else {
                Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Script complete!"
    }
}
function Resolve-DbaNetworkName {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns information about the network connection of the target computer including NetBIOS name, IP Address, domain name and fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Retrieves the IPAddress, ComputerName from one computer.
            The object can be used to take action against its name or IPAddress.
 
            First ICMP is used to test the connection, and get the connected IPAddress.
 
            Multiple protocols (e.g. WMI, CIM, etc) are attempted before giving up.
 
            Important: Remember that FQDN doesn't always match "ComputerName dot Domain" as AD intends.
                There are network setup (google "disjoint domain") where AD and DNS do not match.
                "Full computer name" (as reported by sysdm.cpl) is the only match between the two,
                and it matches the "DNSHostName" property of the computer object stored in AD.
                This means that the notation of FQDN that matches "ComputerName dot Domain" is incorrect
                in those scenarios.
                In other words, the "suffix" of the FQDN CAN be different from the AD Domain.
 
                This cmdlet has been providing good results since its inception but for lack of useful
                names some doubts may arise.
                Let this clear the doubts:
                - InputName: whatever has been passed in
                - ComputerName: hostname only
                - IPAddress: IP Address
                - DNSHostName: hostname only, coming strictly from DNS (as reported from the calling computer)
                - DNSDomain: domain only, coming strictly from DNS (as reported from the calling computer)
                - Domain: domain only, coming strictly from AD (i.e. the domain the ComputerName is joined to)
                - DNSHostEntry: Fully name as returned by DNS [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry
                - FQDN: "legacy" notation of ComputerName "dot" Domain (coming from AD)
                - FullComputerName: Full name as configured from within the Computer (i.e. the only secure match between AD and DNS)
 
            So, if you need to use something, go with FullComputerName, always, as it is the most correct in every scenario.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The Server that you're connecting to.
            This can be the name of a computer, a SMO object, an IP address or a SQL Instance.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER Turbo
            Resolves without accessing the server itself. Faster but may be less accurate because it relies on DNS only,
            so it may fail spectacularly for disjoin-domain setups. Also, everyone has its own DNS (i.e. results may vary
            changing the computer where the function runs)
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Network, Resolve
            Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
            Editor: niphlod
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Resolve-DbaNetworkName
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName ServerA
 
            Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, DNSDomain, Domain, DNSHostEntry, FQDN, DNSHostEntry for ServerA
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Resolve-DbaNetworkName -SqlInstance sql2016\sqlexpress
 
            Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, DNSDomain, Domain, DNSHostEntry, FQDN, DNSHostEntry for the SQL instance sql2016\sqlexpress
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Resolve-DbaNetworkName -SqlInstance sql2016\sqlexpress, sql2014
 
            Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, DNSDomain, Domain, DNSHostEntry, FQDN, DNSHostEntry for the SQL instance sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Resolve-DbaNetworkName
 
            Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, Domain, FQDN for all SQL Servers returned by Get-DbaRegisteredServer
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('cn', 'host', 'ServerInstance', 'Server', 'SqlInstance')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [Alias('FastParrot')]
        [switch]$Turbo,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {
            $conn = $ipaddress = $null

            $OGComputer = $Computer

            if ($Computer.IsLocalhost) {
                $Computer = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }
            else {
                $Computer = $Computer.ComputerName
            }

            if ($Turbo) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $Computer using .NET.Dns GetHostEntry"
                    $ipaddress = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $ipaddress using .NET.Dns GetHostByAddress"
                    $fqdn = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress($ipaddress).HostName
                }
                catch {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $Computer and IP using .NET.Dns GetHostEntry"
                        $resolved = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)
                        $ipaddress = $resolved.AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                        $fqdn = $resolved.HostName
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "DNS name not found" -Continue -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }

                if ($fqdn -notmatch "\.") {
                    if ($computer.ComputerName -match "\.") {
                        $dnsdomain = $computer.ComputerName.Substring($computer.ComputerName.IndexOf(".") + 1)
                        $fqdn = "$resolved.$dnsdomain"
                    }
                    else {
                        $dnsdomain = "$env:USERDNSDOMAIN".ToLower()
                        if ($dnsdomain -match "\.") {
                            $fqdn = "$fqdn.$dnsdomain"
                        }
                    }
                }

                $hostname = $fqdn.Split(".")[0]

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    InputName        = $OGComputer
                    ComputerName     = $hostname.ToUpper()
                    IPAddress        = $ipaddress
                    DNSHostname      = $hostname
                    DNSDomain        = $fqdn.Replace("$hostname.", "")
                    Domain           = $fqdn.Replace("$hostname.", "")
                    DNSHostEntry     = $fqdn
                    FQDN             = $fqdn
                    FullComputerName = $fqdn
                }

            }
            else {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Computer"

                try {
                    $ipaddress = ((Test-Connection -ComputerName $Computer -Count 1 -ErrorAction Stop).Ipv4Address).IPAddressToString
                }
                catch {
                    try {
                        if ($env:USERDNSDOMAIN) {
                            $ipaddress = ((Test-Connection -ComputerName "$Computer.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN" -Count 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Ipv4Address).IPAddressToString
                            $Computer = "$Computer.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        $Computer = $OGComputer
                        $ipaddress = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                    }
                }

                if ($ipaddress) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "IP Address from $Computer is $ipaddress"
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No IP Address returned from $Computer"
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Using .NET.Dns to resolve IP Address"
                    return (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Turbo)
                }

                if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -gt 2) {
                    Write-Message -Level System -Message "Your PowerShell Version is $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major)"
                    try {
                        try {
                            # if an alias (CNAME) is passed we should try to connect to the A name via CIM or WinRM
                            $ComputerNameIP = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                            $RemoteComputer = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress($ComputerNameIP).HostName
                        }
                        catch {
                            $RemoteComputer = $Computer
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Getting computer information from $RemoteComputer"
                        $ScBlock = {
                            $IPGProps = [System.Net.NetworkInformation.IPGlobalProperties]::GetIPGlobalProperties()
                            return [pscustomobject]@{
                                'DNSDomain' = $IPGProps.DomainName
                            }
                        }
                        if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                            $conn = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName win32_ComputerSystem -Computer $RemoteComputer -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                            $DNSSuffix = Invoke-Command2 -Computer $RemoteComputer -ScriptBlock $ScBlock -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                        else {
                            $conn = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName win32_ComputerSystem -Computer $RemoteComputer -EnableException
                            $DNSSuffix = Invoke-Command2 -Computer $RemoteComputer -ScriptBlock $ScBlock -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Unable to get computer information from $Computer"
                    }

                    if (!$conn) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No WMI/CIM from $Computer. Getting HostName via .NET.Dns"
                        try {
                            $fqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).HostName
                            $hostname = $fqdn.Split(".")[0]
                            $suffix = $fqdn.Replace("$hostname.", "")
                            if ($hostname -eq $fqdn) {
                                $suffix = ""
                            }
                            $conn = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Name        = $Computer
                                DNSHostname = $hostname
                                Domain      = $suffix
                            }
                            $DNSSuffix = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                DNSDomain = $suffix
                            }
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "No .NET.Dns information from $Computer" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($DNSSuffix.DNSDomain.Length -eq 0) {
                    $FullComputerName = $conn.DNSHostname
                }
                else {
                    $FullComputerName = $conn.DNSHostname + "." + $DNSSuffix.DNSDomain
                }
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $FullComputerName using .NET.Dns GetHostEntry"
                    $hostentry = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($FullComputerName)).HostName
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message ".NET.Dns GetHostEntry failed for $FullComputerName" -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }

                $fqdn = "$($conn.DNSHostname).$($conn.Domain)"
                if ($fqdn -eq ".") {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No full FQDN found. Setting to null"
                    $fqdn = $null
                }
                if ($FullComputerName -eq ".") {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No DNS FQDN found. Setting to null"
                    $FullComputerName = $null
                }

                if ($FullComputerName -ne "." -and $FullComputerName -notmatch "\." -and $conn.Domain -match "\.") {
                    $d = $conn.Domain
                    $FullComputerName = "$FullComputerName.$d"
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    InputName        = $OGComputer
                    ComputerName     = $conn.Name
                    IPAddress        = $ipaddress
                    DNSHostName      = $conn.DNSHostname
                    DNSDomain        = $DNSSuffix.DNSDomain
                    Domain           = $conn.Domain
                    DNSHostEntry     = $hostentry
                    FQDN             = $fqdn.TrimEnd(".")
                    FullComputerName = $FullComputerName
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Restart-DbaSqlService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Restarts SQL Server services on a computer.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Restarts the SQL Server related services on one or more computers. Will follow SQL Server service dependencies.
 
    Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
    .PARAMETER InstanceName
    Only affects services that belong to the specific instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
    Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"
 
    .PARAMETER Timeout
    How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on. Specify 0 to wait indefinitely.
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceCollection
    A collection of services from Get-DbaSqlService
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    Will stop dependent SQL Server agents when stopping Engine services.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov( @nvarscar )
 
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Restart-DbaSqlService
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Restart-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
    Restarts the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    'sql1','sql2','sql3'| Get-DbaSqlService | Restart-DbaSqlService
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 and restarts them.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Restart-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Instance MSSQLSERVER
 
    Restarts the SQL Server services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Restart-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS
 
    Restarts the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Restart-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Engine -Force
 
    Restarts SQL Server database engine services on sql1 forcing dependent SQL Server Agent services to restart as well.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Server", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server", Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Service")]
        [object[]]$ServiceCollection,
        [int]$Timeout = 30,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $processArray = @()
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Server") {
            $serviceParams = @{ ComputerName = $ComputerName }
            if ($InstanceName) { $serviceParams.InstanceName = $InstanceName }
            if ($Type) { $serviceParams.Type = $Type }
            if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
            if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
            $serviceCollection = Get-DbaSqlService @serviceParams
        }
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $processArray += $serviceCollection
    }
    end {
        $processArray = [array]($processArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.ServiceType -in $Type) })
        foreach ($service in $processArray) {
            if ($Force -and $service.ServiceType -eq 'Engine' -and !($processArray | Where-Object { $_.ServiceType -eq 'Agent' -and $_.InstanceName -eq $service.InstanceName -and $_.ComputerName -eq $service.ComputerName })) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding Agent service to the list for service $($service.ServiceName) on $($service.ComputerName), since -Force has been specified"
                #Construct parameters to call Get-DbaSqlService
                $serviceParams = @{
                    ComputerName = $service.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $service.InstanceName
                    Type         = 'Agent'
                }
                if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
                if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
                $processArray += @(Get-DbaSqlService @serviceParams)
            }
        }
        if ($processArray) {
            $services = Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $processArray -Action 'stop' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
            foreach ($service in ($services | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq 'Failed'})) {
                $service
            }
            $services = $services | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq 'Successful'}
            if ($services) {
                Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $services -Action 'restart' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
            }
        }
        else { Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No SQL Server services found with current parameters." }
    }
}
function Restore-DbaBackupFromDirectory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Restores SQL Server databases from the backup directory structure created by Ola Hallengren's database maintenance scripts. Different structures coming soon.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Many SQL Server database administrators use Ola Hallengren's SQL Server Maintenance Solution which can be found at http://ola.hallengren.com
 
            Hallengren uses a predictable backup structure which made it relatively easy to create a script that can restore an entire SQL Server database instance, down to the master database (next version), to a new server. This script is intended to be used in the event that the originating SQL Server becomes unavailable, thus rendering my other SQL restore script (http://goo.gl/QmfQ6s) ineffective.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to which you will be restoring the database.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            Specifies the full path to the directory that contains the database backups. The SQL Server service must have read access to this path.
 
        .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
            If this switch is enabled, the folder structure used on the instance where the backup was made will be recreated. By default, the database files will be restored to the default data and log directories for the instance you're restoring onto.
 
        .PARAMETER NoRecovery
            If this switch is enabled, the database is left in the No Recovery state to enable further backups to be added.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If this switch is enabled, any existing database matching the name of a database being restored will be overwritten.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
            Requires: sysadmin access on destination SQL Server.
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Restore-SqlBackupFromDirectory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Restore-SqlBackupFromDirectory -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Path \\fileserver\share\sqlbackups\SQLSERVER2014A
 
            All user databases contained within \\fileserver\share\sqlbackups\SQLSERVERA will be restored to sqlcluster, down the most recent full/differential/logs.
 
    #>
    #Requires -Version 3.0
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [Alias("ReuseFolderStructure")]
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    DynamicParam {

        if ($Path) {
            $newparams = New-Object System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary
            $paramattributes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute
            $paramattributes.ParameterSetName = "__AllParameterSets"
            $paramattributes.Mandatory = $false
            $systemdbs = @("master", "msdb", "model", "SSIS")
            $dblist = (Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Directory).Name | Where-Object { $systemdbs -notcontains $_ }
            $argumentlist = @()

            foreach ($db in $dblist) {
                $argumentlist += [Regex]::Escape($db)
            }

            $validationset = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ValidateSetAttribute -ArgumentList $argumentlist
            $combinedattributes = New-Object -Type System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection[System.Attribute]
            $combinedattributes.Add($paramattributes)
            $combinedattributes.Add($validationset)
            $Databases = New-Object -Type System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameter("Databases", [String[]], $combinedattributes)
            $Exclude = New-Object -Type System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameter("Exclude", [String[]], $combinedattributes)
            $newparams.Add("Databases", $Databases)
            $newparams.Add("Exclude", $Exclude)
            return $newparams
        }
    }

    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Restore-SqlBackupFromDirectory -CustomMessage "Restore-DbaDatabase works way better. Please use that instead."
    }
}
function Restore-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Restores a SQL Server Database from a set of backupfiles
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Upon being passed a list of potential backups files this command will scan the files, select those that contain SQL Server
        backup sets. It will then filter those files down to a set that can perform the requested restore, checking that we have a
        full restore chain to the point in time requested by the caller.
 
        The function defaults to working on a remote instance. This means that all paths passed in must be relative to the remote instance.
        XpDirTree will be used to perform the file scans
 
 
        Various means can be used to pass in a list of files to be considered. The default is to non recursively scan the folder
        passed in.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance to restore to.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to SQL Server backup files.
 
        Paths passed in as strings will be scanned using the desired method, default is a non recursive folder scan
        Accepts multiple paths separated by ','
 
        Or it can consist of FileInfo objects, such as the output of Get-ChildItem or Get-Item. This allows you to work with
        your own filestructures as needed
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        Name to restore the database under.
        Only works with a single database restore. If multiple database are found in the provided paths then we will exit
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationDataDirectory
        Path to restore the SQL Server backups to on the target instance.
        If only this parameter is specified, then all database files (data and log) will be restored to this location
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationLogDirectory
        Path to restore the database log files to.
        This parameter can only be specified alongside DestinationDataDirectory.
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationFileStreamDirectory
        Path to restore FileStream data to
        This parameter can only be specified alongside DestinationDataDirectory
 
    .PARAMETER RestoreTime
        Specify a DateTime object to which you want the database restored to. Default is to the latest point available in the specified backups
 
    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        Indicates if the databases should be recovered after last restore. Default is to recover
 
    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        Switch indicated is the restore is allowed to replace an existing database.
 
    .PARAMETER XpDirTree
        Switch that indicated file scanning should be performed by the SQL Server instance using xp_dirtree
        This will scan recursively from the passed in path
        You must have sysadmin role membership on the instance for this to work.
 
    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        Switch indicates that ONLY T-SQL scripts should be generated, no restore takes place
 
    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        Switch indicate that restore should be verified
 
    .PARAMETER MaintenanceSolutionBackup
        Switch to indicate the backup files are in a folder structure as created by Ola Hallengreen's maintenance scripts.
        This swith enables a faster check for suitable backups. Other options require all files to be read first to ensure we have an anchoring full backup. Because we can rely on specific locations for backups performed with OlaHallengren's backup solution, we can rely on file locations.
 
    .PARAMETER FileMapping
        A hashtable that can be used to move specific files to a location.
        $FileMapping = @{'DataFile1'='c:\restoredfiles\Datafile1.mdf';'DataFile3'='d:\DataFile3.mdf'}
        And files not specified in the mapping will be restored to their original location
        This Parameter is exclusive with DestinationDataDirectory
 
    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogBackup
        This switch tells the function to ignore transaction log backups. The process will restore to the latest full or differential backup point only
 
    .PARAMETER useDestinationDefaultDirectories
        Switch that tells the restore to use the default Data and Log locations on the target server. If they don't exist, the function will try to create them
 
    .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
        By default, databases will be migrated to the destination Sql Server's default data and log directories. You can override this by specifying -ReuseSourceFolderStructure.
        The same structure on the SOURCE will be kept exactly, so consider this if you're migrating between different versions and use part of Microsoft's default Sql structure (MSSql12.INSTANCE, etc)
 
        *Note, to reuse destination folder structure, specify -WithReplace
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationFilePrefix
        This value will be prefixed to ALL restored files (log and data). This is just a simple string prefix. If you want to perform more complex rename operations then please use the FileMapping parameter
 
        This will apply to all file move options, except for FileMapping
 
    .PARAMETER DestinationFileSuffix
        This value will be suffixed to ALL restored files (log and data). This is just a simple string suffix. If you want to perform more complex rename operations then please use the FileMapping parameter
 
        This will apply to all file move options, except for FileMapping
 
    .PARAMETER RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix
        A string which will be prefixed to the start of the restore Database's Name
        Useful if restoring a copy to the same sql server for testing.
 
    .PARAMETER TrustDbBackupHistory
        This switch can be used when piping the output of Get-DbaBackupHistory or Backup-DbaDatabase into this command.
        It allows the user to say that they trust that the output from those commands is correct, and skips the file header read portion of the process. This means a faster process, but at the risk of not knowing till halfway through the restore that something is wrong with a file.
 
    .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
        Parameter to set the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple by 64kb
 
    .PARAMETER Blocksize
        Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb or 64kb
        Can be specified in bytes
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail
 
    .PARAMETER BufferCount
        Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation.
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail
 
    .PARAMETER XpNoRecurse
        If specified, prevents the XpDirTree process from recursing (its default behaviour)
 
    .PARAMETER DirectoryRecurse
        If specified the specified directory will be recursed into
 
    .PARAMETER Continue
        If specified we will to attempt to recover more transaction log backups onto database(s) in Recovering or Standby states
 
    .PARAMETER StandbyDirectory
        If a directory is specified the database(s) will be restored into a standby state, with the standby file placed into this directory (which must exist, and be writable by the target Sql Server instance)
 
    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        The name of the SQL Server credential to be used if restoring from an Azure hosted backup
 
    .PARAMETER ReplaceDbNameInFile
        If switch set and occurence of the original database's name in a data or log file will be replace with the name specified in the Databasename parameter
 
    .PARAMETER Recover
        If set will perform recovery on the indicated database
 
    .PARAMETER AllowContinue
        By default, Restore-DbaDatabase will stop restoring any databases if it comes across an error.
        Use this switch to enable it to restore all databases without issues.
 
    .PARAMETER GetBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Get-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER SelectBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Select-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER FormatBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Format-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER TestBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Test-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER StopAfterGetBackupInformation
        Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning GetBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER StopAfterSelectBackupInformation
        Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning SelectBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER StopAfterFormatBackupInformation
         Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning FormatBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER StopAfterTestBackupInformation
         Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning TestBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER StatementTimeOut
        Timeout in minutes. Defaults to infinity (restores can take a while.)
 
    .PARAMETER KeepCDC
        Indicates whether CDC information should be restored as part of the database
 
    .PARAMETER PageRestore
        Passes in an object from Get-DbaSuspectPages containing suspect pages from a single database.
        Setting this Parameter will cause an Online Page restore if the target Instance is Enterprise Edition, or offline if not.
        This will involve taking a tail log backup, so you must check your restore chain once it has completed
 
    .PARAMETER PageRestoreTailFolder
        This parameter passes in a location for the tail log backup required for page level restore
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm certain actions
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command would execute, but does not actually perform the command
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups
 
        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups, filters them and restores the database to server1\instance1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups -MaintenanceSolutionBackup -DestinationDataDirectory c:\restores
 
        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups$ stored in an Ola Hallengren style folder structure,
        filters them and restores the database to the c:\restores folder on server1\instance1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-ChildItem c:\SQLbackups1\, \\server\sqlbackups2 | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1
 
        Takes the provided files from multiple directories and restores them on server1\instance1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $RestoreTime = Get-Date('11:19 23/12/2016')
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups -MaintenanceSolutionBackup -DestinationDataDirectory c:\restores -RestoreTime $RestoreTime
 
        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups stored in an Ola Hallengren style folder structure,
        filters them and restores the database to the c:\restores folder on server1\instance1 up to 11:19 23/12/2016
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups -DestinationDataDirectory c:\restores -OutputScriptOnly | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Tsql | Out-File -Filepath c:\scripts\restore.sql
 
        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups stored in an Ola Hallengren style folder structure,
        filters them and generate the T-SQL Scripts to restore the database to the latest point in time,
        and then stores the output in a file for later retrieval
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path c:\backups -DestinationDataDirectory c:\DataFiles -DestinationLogDirectory c:\LogFile
 
        Scans all the files in c:\backups and then restores them onto the SQL Server Instance server1\instance1, placing data files
        c:\DataFiles and all the log files into c:\LogFiles
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups/dbbackup.bak -AzureCredential MyAzureCredential
 
        Will restore the backup held at http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups/dbbackup.bak to server1\instance1. The connection to Azure will be made using the
        credential MyAzureCredential held on instance Server1\instance1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $File = Get-ChildItem c:\backups, \\server1\backups -recurse
        $File | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server1\Instance -useDestinationDefaultDirectories
 
        This will take all of the files found under the folders c:\backups and \\server1\backups, and pipeline them into
        Restore-DbaDatabase. Restore-DbaDatabase will then scan all of the files, and restore all of the databases included
        to the latest point in time covered by their backups. All data and log files will be moved to the default SQL Server
        folder for those file types as defined on the target instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $files = Get-ChildItem C:\dbatools\db1
 
        #Restore database to a point in time
        $files | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 `
                    -DestinationFilePrefix prefix -DatabaseName Restored `
                    -RestoreTime (get-date "14:58:30 22/05/2017") `
                    -NoRecovery -WithReplace -StandbyDirectory C:\dbatools\standby
 
        #It's in standby so we can peek at it
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance server\instance1 -Query "select top 1 * from Restored.dbo.steps order by dt desc"
 
        #Not quite there so let's roll on a bit:
        $files | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 `
                    -DestinationFilePrefix prefix -DatabaseName Restored `
                    -continue -WithReplace -RestoreTime (get-date "15:09:30 22/05/2017") `
                    -StandbyDirectory C:\dbatools\standby
 
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance server\instance1 -Query "select top 1 * from restored.dbo.steps order by dt desc"
 
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 `
                    -DestinationFilePrefix prefix -DatabaseName Restored `
                    -continue -WithReplace
 
        In this example we step through the backup files held in c:\dbatools\db1 folder.
        First we restore the database to a point in time in standby mode. This means we can check some details in the databases
        We then roll it on a further 9 minutes to perform some more checks
        And finally we continue by rolling it all the way forward to the latest point in the backup.
        At each step, only the log files needed to roll the database forward are restored.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 -Path c:\backups -DatabaseName example1 -WithNoRecovery
        Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 -Recover -DatabaseName example1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $SuspectPage = Get-DbaSuspectPage -SqlInstance server\instance1 -Database ProdFinance
        Get-DbaBackupHistory - SqlInstance server\instance1 -Database -ProdFinance -Last | Restore-DbaDatabase -PageRestore $SuspectPage -PageRestoreTailFolder c:\temp -TrustDbBackupHistory -AllowContinues
 
        Gets a list of Suspect Pages using Get-DbaSuspectPage. The uses Get-DbaBackupHistory and Restore-DbaDatabase to perform a restore of the suspect pages and bring them up to date
        If server\instance1 is Enterprise edition this will be done online, if not it will be performed offline
        AllowContinue is required to make sure we cope with existing files
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
 
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "Restore")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("Name")]
        [object[]]$DatabaseName,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [String]$DestinationDataDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [String]$DestinationLogDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [String]$DestinationFileStreamDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [DateTime]$RestoreTime = (Get-Date).AddYears(1),
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [Switch]$XpDirTree,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$MaintenanceSolutionBackup,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [hashtable]$FileMapping,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$IgnoreLogBackup,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$useDestinationDefaultDirectories,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [string]$DestinationFilePrefix = '',
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [Alias("RestoredDatababaseNamePrefix")]
        [string]$RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [switch]$TrustDbBackupHistory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [int]$MaxTransferSize,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [int]$BlockSize,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [int]$BufferCount,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$DirectoryRecurse,
        [switch]$EnableException ,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [string]$StandbyDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$Continue,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$ReplaceDbNameInFile,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [string]$DestinationFileSuffix,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Recovery")]
        [switch]$Recover,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")]
        [switch]$KeepCDC,
        [switch]$AllowContinue,
        [string]$GetBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterGetBackupInformation,
        [string]$SelectBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterSelectBackupInformation,
        [string]$FormatBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterFormatBackupInformation,
        [string]$TestBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterTestBackupInformation,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [object]$PageRestore,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")]
        [string]$PageRestoreTailFolder,
        [int]$StatementTimeout = 0

    )
    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Parameters bound: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
        #[string]$DatabaseName = 'testparam'
        #region Validation
        try {
            $RestoreInstance = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Restore") {
            $useDestinationDefaultDirectories = $true
            $paramCount = 0

            if (!(Test-Bound "AllowContinue") -and $true -ne $AllowContinue) {
                $AllowContinue = $false
            }
            if (Test-Bound "FileMapping") {
                $paramCount += 1
            }
            if (Test-Bound "ReuseSourceFolderStructure") {
                $paramCount += 1
            }
            if (Test-Bound "DestinationDataDirectory") {
                $paramCount += 1
            }
            if ($paramCount -gt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You've specified incompatible Location parameters. Please only specify one of FileMapping, ReuseSourceFolderStructure or DestinationDataDirectory"
                return
            }
            if (($ReplaceDbNameInFile) -and !(Test-Bound "DatabaseName")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "To use ReplaceDbNameInFile you must specify DatabaseName"
                return
            }

            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationLogDirectory") -and (Test-Bound "ReuseSourceFolderStructure")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameters DestinationLogDirectory and UseDestinationDefaultDirectories are mutually exclusive"
                return
            }
            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationLogDirectory") -and -not (Test-Bound "DestinationDataDirectory")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameter DestinationLogDirectory can only be specified together with DestinationDataDirectory"
                return
            }
            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationFileStreamDirectory") -and (Test-Bound "ReuseSourceFolderStructure")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameters DestinationFileStreamDirectory and UseDestinationDefaultDirectories are mutually exclusive"
                return
            }
            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationFileStreamDirectory") -and -not (Test-Bound "DestinationDataDirectory")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameter DestinationFileStreamDirectory can only be specified together with DestinationDataDirectory"
                return
            }
            if (($null -ne $FileMapping) -or $ReuseSourceFolderStructure -or ($DestinationDataDirectory -ne '')) {
                $useDestinationDefaultDirectories = $false
            }
            if (($MaxTransferSize % 64kb) -ne 0 -or $MaxTransferSize -gt 4mb) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "MaxTransferSize value must be a multiple of 64kb and no greater than 4MB"
                return
            }
            if ($BlockSize) {
                if ($BlockSize -notin (0.5kb, 1kb, 2kb, 4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb, 64kb)) {
                    Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "Block size must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb,64kb"
                    return
                }
            }
            if ('' -ne $StandbyDirectory) {
                if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -Path $StandbyDirectory -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$SqlSever cannot see the specified Standby Directory $StandbyDirectory" -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }
            if ($KeepCDC -and ($NoRecovery -or ('' -ne $StandbyDirectory))) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "KeepCDC cannot be specified with Norecovery or Standby as it needs recovery to work"
                return
            }
            if ($Continue) {
                $ContinuePoints = Get-RestoreContinuableDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance
                #$WithReplace = $true
                #$ContinuePoints
            }
            if (!($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("DataBasename"))) {
                $PipeDatabaseName = $true
            }

        }



        # changing statement timeout to $StatementTimeout
        if ($StatementTimeout -eq 0) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing statement timeout to infinity"
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing statement timeout to ($StatementTimeout) minutes"
        }
        $RestoreInstance.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = ($StatementTimeout * 60)
        #endregion Validation

        $isLocal = [dbavalidate]::IsLocalHost($SqlInstance.ComputerName)

        if ($useDestinationDefaultDirectories) {
            $DefaultPath = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance)
            $DestinationDataDirectory = $DefaultPath.Data
            $DestinationLogDirectory = $DefaultPath.Log
        }

        $BackupHistory = @()
        #$useDestinationDefaultDirectories = $true
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "Restore*") {
            if ($PipeDatabaseName -eq $true) {$DatabaseName = ''}
            Write-Message -message "ParameterSet = Restore" -Level Verbose
            foreach ($f in $path) {
                if ($TrustDbBackupHistory -or $f.GetType().ToString() -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trust Database Backup History Set"
                    if ("BackupPath" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "adding BackupPath - $($_.Fullname)"
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "BackupPath"; Expression = { $_.FullName } }
                    }
                    if ("DatabaseName" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "DatabaseName"; Expression = { $_.Database } }
                    }
                    if ("Database" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "Database"; Expression = { $_.DatabaseName } }
                    }
                    if ("Type" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        #$f = $f | Select-Object *, @{Name="Type";Expression={"Full"}}
                    }
                    if ("BackupSetGUID" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        #This line until Get-DbaBackupHistory gets fixed
                        #$f = $f | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "BackupSetGUID"; Expression = { $_.BackupSetupID } }
                        #This one once it's sorted:
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{Name = "BackupSetGUID"; Expression = {$_.BackupSetID}}
                    }
                    if ($f.BackupPath -like 'http*' -and '' -eq $AzureCredential) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "At least one Azure backup passed in, and no Credential supplied. Stopping"
                        return
                    }

                    $BackupHistory += $F | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "ServerName"; Expression = { $_.SqlInstance } }, @{ Name = "BackupStartDate"; Expression = { $_.Start -as [DateTime] } }

                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Unverified input, full scans - $f"
                    if ($f -is [System.IO.FileSystemInfo]) {
                        $f = $f.fullname
                    }
                    $BackupHistory += $f | Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -DirectoryRecurse:$DirectoryRecurse -MaintenanceSolution:$MaintenanceSolutionBackup -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup
                }
            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage") {
                if (-not (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $PageRestoreTailFolder)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Instance $RestoreInstance cannot read $PageRestoreTailFolder, cannot proceed" -Target $PageRestoreTailFolder
                    return
                }
                $WithReplace = $true
            }
        }
        elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Recovery") {
            Write-Message -Message "$($Database.count) databases to recover" -level Verbose
            ForEach ($DataBase in $DatabaseName) {
                if ($database -is [object]) {
                    #We've got an object, try the normal options Database, DatabaseName, Name
                    if ("Database" -in $Database.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        [string]$DataBase = $database.Database
                    }
                    elseif ("DatabaseName" -in $Database.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        [string]$DataBase = $database.DatabaseName
                    }
                    elseif ("Name" -in $Database.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        [string]$DataBase = $database.name
                    }
                }
                Write-Verbose "existence - $($RestoreInstance.Databases[$DataBase].State)"
                if ($RestoreInstance.Databases[$DataBase].State -ne 'Existing') {
                    Write-Message -Message "$Database does not exist on $RestoreInstance" -level Warning
                    Continue

                }
                if ($RestoreInstance.Databases[$Database].Status -ne "Restoring") {
                    Write-Message -Message "$Database on $RestoreInstance is not in a Restoring State" -Level Warning
                    Continue

                }
                $RestoreComplete = $true
                $RecoverSql = "RESTORE DATABASE $Database WITH RECOVERY"
                Write-Message -Message "Recovery Sql Query - $RecoverSql" -level verbose
                Try {
                    $RestoreInstance.query($RecoverSql)
                }
                Catch {
                    $RestoreComplete = $False
                    $ExitError = $_.Exception.InnerException
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to recover $Database on $RestoreInstance, `n $ExitError"
                }
                Finally {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        SqlInstance     = $SqlInstance
                        DatabaseName    = $Database
                        RestoreComplete = $RestoreComplete
                        Scripts         = $RecoverSql
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "Restore*") {
            if ($BackupHistory.Count -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No backups passed through. `n This could mean the SQL instance cannot see the referenced files, the file's headers could not be read or some other issue"
                return
            }
            Write-Message -message "Processing DatabaseName - $DatabaseName" -Level Verbose
            $FilteredBackupHistory = @()
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName GetBackupInformation) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting $GetBackupInformation to BackupHistory" -Level Verbose
                Set-Variable -Name $GetBackupInformation -Value $BackupHistory -Scope Global
            }
            if ($StopAfterGetBackupInformation) {
                return
            }

            $FilteredBackupHistory = $BackupHistory | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime $RestoreTime -IgnoreLogs:$IgnoreLogBackups -ContinuePoints $ContinuePoints

            if ( Test-Bound -ParameterName SelectBackupInformation) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting $SelectBackupInformation to FilteredBackupHistory" -Level Verbose
                Set-Variable -Name $SelectBackupInformation -Value $FilteredBackupHistory -Scope Global

            }
            if ($StopAfterSelectBackupInformation) {
                return
            }

            $null = $FilteredBackupHistory | Format-DbaBackupInformation -DataFileDirectory $DestinationDataDirectory -LogFileDirectory $DestinationLogDirectory -DestinationFileStreamDirectory $DestinationFileStreamDirectory -DatabaseFileSuffix $DestinationFileSuffix -DatabaseFilePrefix $DestinationFilePrefix -DatabaseNamePrefix $RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix -ReplaceDatabaseName $DatabaseName -Continue:$Continue -ReplaceDbNameInFile:$ReplaceDbNameInFile -FileMapping $FileMapping

            if ( Test-Bound -ParameterName FormatBackupInformation) {
                Set-Variable -Name $FormatBackupInformation -Value $FilteredBackupHistory -Scope Global
            }
            if ($StopAfterFormatBackupInformation) {
                return
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VerifyOnly = $VerifyOnly"
            $null = $FilteredBackupHistory | Test-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance  -WithReplace:$WithReplace -Continue:$Continue -VerifyOnly:$VerifyOnly

            if ( Test-Bound -ParameterName TestBackupInformation) {
                Set-Variable -Name $TestBackupInformation -Value $FilteredBackupHistory -Scope Global
            }
            if ($StopAfterTestBackupInformation) {
                return
            }
            $DbVerfied = ($FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -eq $True} | Select-Object -Property Database -Unique).Database -join ','
            Write-Message -Message "$DbVerfied passed testing" -Level Verbose

            if (($FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -eq $True}).count -lt $FilteredBackupHistory.count) {
                $DbUnVerified = ($FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -eq $False} | Select-Object -Property Database -Unique).Database -join ','
                if ($AllowContinue) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$DbUnverified failed testing, AllowContinue set" -Level Verbose
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$DbUnverified failed testing, AllowContinue not set, exiting"
                    return
                }
            }

            If ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage") {
                if (($FilteredBackupHistory.Database | select-Object -unique | Measure-Object).count -ne 1) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Must only 1 database passed in for Page Restore. Sorry"
                    return
                }
                else {
                    $WithReplace = $false
                    $PageDb = ($FilteredBackupHistory.Database | select-Object -unique).Database
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Passing in to restore" -Level Verbose
            if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage" -and $RestoreInstance.Edition -notlike '*Enterprise*') {
                Write-Message -Message "Taking Tail log backup for page restore for non-Enterprise" -Level Verbose
                $TailBackup = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Database $DatabaseName -Type Log -BackupDirectory $PageRestoreTailFolder -Norecovery -CopyOnly
            }
            $FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -eq $true} | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -WithReplace:$WithReplace -RestoreTime $RestoreTime -StandbyDirectory $StandbyDirectory -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -Continue:$Continue -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly -BlockSize $BlockSize -MaxTransferSize $MaxTransferSize -Buffercount $Buffercount -KeepCDC:$KeepCDC -VerifyOnly:$VerifyOnly -PageRestore $PageRestore
            if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage" ) {
                if ($RestoreInstace.Edition -like '*Enterprise*') {
                    Write-Message -Message "Taking Tail log backup for page restore for Enterprise" -Level Verbose
                    $TailBackup = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Database $DatabaseName -Type Log -BackupDirectory $PageRestoreTailFolder -Norecovery -CopyOnly
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Restoring Tail log backup for page restore" -Level Verbose
                $TailBackup | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -TrustDbBackupHistory -NoRecovery -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly -BlockSize $BlockSize -MaxTransferSize $MaxTransferSize -Buffercount $Buffercount -Continue
                Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Recover -Database $DatabaseName -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly
            }

        }
    }
}
function Restore-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Imports certificates from .cer files using SMO.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Imports certificates from.cer files using SMO.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server to create the certificates on.
 
.PARAMETER Path
The Path the contains the certificate and private key files. The path can be a directory or a specific certificate.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
$scred = Get-Credential, this pass $scred object to the param.
 
Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Password
Secure string used to decrypt the private key.
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database where the certificate imports into. Defaults to master.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Tags: Migration, Certificate
Author: Jess Pomfret (@jpomfret)
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Restore-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates -password (ConvertTo-SecureString -force -AsPlainText GoodPass1234!!)
Imports all the certificates in the specified path.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [object]$Database = "master",
        [Security.SecureString]$Password = (Read-Host "Password" -AsSecureString),
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Retore-DbaDatabaseCertificate

        function new-smocert ($directory, $certname) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$cert on $SqlInstance", "Importing Certificate")) {
                $smocert = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate
                $smocert.Name = $certname
                $smocert.Parent = $server.Databases[$Database]
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Certificate: $certname"
                try {
                    $fullcertname = "$directory\$certname.cer"
                    $privatekey = "$directory\$certname.pvk"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Full certificate path: $fullcertname"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Private key: $privatekey"
                    $fromfile = 1
                    $smocert.Create($fullcertname, $fromfile, $privatekey, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)), [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)))
                    $smocert
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $SqlInstance" -Target $SqlInstance -InnerErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($fullname in $path) {

            if (-not $SqlInstance.IsLocalHost -and -not $fullname.StartsWith('\')) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path ($fullname) must be a UNC share when SQL instance is not local." -Continue -Target $fullname
            }

            if (-not (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $fullname)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$SqlInstance cannot access $fullname" -Continue -Target $fullname
            }

            $directory = Split-Path $fullname
            $filename = Split-Path $fullname -Leaf
            $basename = [io.path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($filename)
            $cert = new-smocert -directory $directory -certname $basename
            Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Certificate $cert.Name
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl#
function Restore-DbaFromDatabaseSnapshot {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Restores databases from snapshots
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Restores the database from the snapshot, discarding every modification made to the database
            NB: Restoring to a snapshot will result in every other snapshot of the same database to be dropped
            It also fixes some long-standing bugs in SQL Server when restoring from snapshots
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Restores from the last snapshot databases with this names only. You can pass either Databases or Snapshots
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER Snapshot
            Restores databases from snapshots with this names only. You can pass either Databases or Snapshots
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If restoring from a snapshot involves dropping any other shapshot, you need to explicitly
            use -Force to let this command delete the ones not involved in the restore process.
            Also, -Force will forcibly kill all running queries that prevent the restore process.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts for confirmation of every step.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Snapshot, Backup, Restore, Database
            Author: niphlod
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
             https://dbatools.io/Restore-DbaFromDatabaseSnapshot
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Restore-DbaFromDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting
 
            Restores HR and Accounting databases using the latest snapshot available
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Restore-DbaFromDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Force
 
            Restores HR database from latest snapshot and kills any active connections in the database on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Restore-DbaFromDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Snapshot HR_snap_20161201, Accounting_snap_20161101
 
            Restores databases from snapshots named HR_snap_20161201 and Accounting_snap_20161101
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Snapshot,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either -Snapshot (to restore from) or -Database/-ExcludeDatabase (to restore to)"
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $allDbs = $server.Databases

            # vault to hold all programmed operations from --> to
            $operations = @()

            if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
                # Restore all databases from the latest snapshot
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Selected all databases"
                $dbs = $allDbs | Where-Object IsDatabaseSnapshot -EQ $true
            }
            elseif ($Database) {
                # Restore only these databases from their latest snapshot
                <#
                    Note, for some reason lookup of this property has to be done using $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
                    Removing this will cause: Where-Object : A positional parameter cannot be found that accepts argument 'System.Object[]'
                #>
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Selected only databases"
                $dbs = $allDbs | Where-Object {$Database -contains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName}
            }
            elseif ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Excluded only databases"
                $dbs = $allDbs | Where-Object {$ExcludeDatabase -NotContains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName}
            }
            elseif ($Snapshot) {
                # Restore databases from these snapshots
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Selected only snapshots"
                $dbs = $allDbs | Where-Object { $Snapshot -contains $_.Name }
                $baseDatabases = $dbs | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DatabaseSnapshotBaseName | Get-Unique
                if ($baseDatabases.Count -ne $Snapshot.Count -and $dbs.Count -ne 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Multiple snapshots selected for the same database, skipping"
                    continue
                }
            }

            $opsHash = @{ }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                if ($db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName -notin $opsHash.Keys) {
                    if ($snapshot.Count -gt 0) {
                        # just in the need to drop every other snapshot
                        $toDrop = $allDbs | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName -eq $db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
                        $toDrop = $todrop | Select-Object Name
                        $opsHash[$db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName] = @{
                            'from' = $db | Select-Object Name, DatabaseSnapshotBaseName, CreateDate
                            'drop' = $toDrop
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $opsHash[$db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName] = @{
                            'from' = $db
                            'drop' = @()
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    # store each older snapshot in the drop list while enumerating
                    if ($db.CreateDate -gt $opsHash[$db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName]['from'].CreateDate) {
                        $prev = $opsHash[$db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName]['from']
                        $opsHash[$db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName]['from'] = $db | Select-Object Name, DatabaseSnapshotBaseName, CreateDate
                        $opsHash[$db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName]['drop'] += $prev
                    }
                }
            }
            foreach ($dbName in $opsHash.Keys) {
                $drop = @()
                foreach ($toDrop in $opsHash[$dbName]['drop']) {
                    $drop += $toDrop.Name
                }
                $operations += @{
                    'from' = $opsHash[$dbName]['from'].Name
                    'to'   = $dbName
                    'drop' = $drop
                }
            }

            foreach ($op in $operations) {
                # Check if there are FS, because then a restore is not possible
                $all_FS = $server.Databases[$op['to']].FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -EQ 'FileStreamDataFileGroup'
                if ($all_FS.Count -gt 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($op['to']) has FileStream group(s). You cannot restore from snapshots"
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $op['to']
                        Snapshot     = $op['from']
                        Status       = 'Error'
                        Notes        = "Database $($op['to']) has FileStream group(s). You cannot restore from snapshots"
                    }
                    break
                }
                # Get log size and autogrowth
                $orig_logproperties = $server.Databases[$op['to']].LogFiles | Select-Object Id, Size
                # Drop what needs to be dropped
                $opError = $false

                if ($op['drop'].Count -gt 1 -and $Force -eq $false) {
                    $warnMsg = @()
                    $warnMsg += "The restore process for $($op['to']) from $($op['from']) needs to drop the following:"
                    foreach ($db in $op['drop']) {
                        $warnMsg += $db
                    }
                    $warnMsg += "Use -Force if you really want to drop these snapshots."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message ($warnMsg -join "`n")
                    break
                }
                foreach ($drop in $op['drop']) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Remove db snapshot $drop")) {
                        # skip it if it's the same name
                        if ($drop -ne $($op['from'])) {
                            try {
                                if ($Force) {
                                    # snapshot with open transactions cannot be dropped
                                    $server.KillAllProcesses($drop)
                                }
                                $null = $server.Query("USE master; DROP DATABASE [$drop]")
                                $status = "Dropped"
                            }
                            catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_
                                $operror = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($opError) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Errors trying to restore $($op['to']) from $($op['from'])"
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $op['to']
                        Snapshot     = $op['from']
                        Status       = 'Error'
                        Notes        = "Failed to drop some snapshots"
                    }
                    break
                }

                # Need a proper restore now
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.DomainInstanceName, "Restore db $($op['to']) from $($op['from'])")) {
                    $query = "USE master; RESTORE DATABASE [$($op['to'])] FROM DATABASE_SNAPSHOT='$($op['from'])'"
                    try {
                        if ($Force) {
                            # for whatever reason, a snapshot with open transactions, albeit read-only, block the restore process
                            $server.KillAllProcesses($op['from'])
                            # for a "good" reason, all open transactions on the destination block the restore process
                            $server.KillAllProcesses($op['to'])
                        }
                        $null = $server.Query($query)
                    }
                    catch {
                        $opError = $true
                        $inner = $_.Exception.Message
                        Stop-Function -Message "Original exception: $inner, Query issued: $query, Error: $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message" -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
                if ($operror) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Errors trying to restore $($op['to']) from $($op['from'])"
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $op['to']
                        Snapshot     = $op['from']
                        Status       = 'Error'
                        Notes        = ''
                    }
                    break
                }
                # Comparing sizes before and after, need to reconnect to see if size
                # changed
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                foreach ($log in $server.Databases[$op['to']].LogFiles) {
                    $matching = $orig_logproperties | Where-Object ID -EQ $log.ID
                    if ($matching.Size -ne $log.Size) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resizing log to the original value"
                        $log.Size = $matching.Size
                        $log.Alter()
                    }
                }
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database     = $op['to']
                    Snapshot     = $op['from']
                    Status       = 'Restored'
                    Notes        = 'Remember to take a backup now, and also to remove the snapshot if not needed'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Save-DbaDiagnosticQueryScript {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Save-DbaDiagnosticQueryScript downloads the most recent version of all Glenn Berry DMV scripts
 
.DESCRIPTION
The dbatools module will have the diagnostic queries pre-installed. Use this only to update to a more recent version or specific versions.
 
This function is mainly used by Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery, but can also be used independently to download the Glenn Berry DMV scripts.
 
Use this function to pre-download the scripts from a device with an Internet connection.
 
The function Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery will try to download these scripts automatically, but it obviously needs an internet connection to do that.
 
.PARAMETER Path
Specifies the path to the output
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: André Kamman (@AndreKamman), http://clouddba.io
Tags: Diagnostic, DMV, Troubleshooting
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Save-DbaDiagnosticQueryScript -Path c:\temp
 
Downloads the most recent version of all Glenn Berry DMV scripts to the specified location.
If Path is not specified, the "My Documents" location will be used.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path = [Environment]::GetFolderPath("mydocuments"),
        [Switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    function Get-WebData {
        param ($uri)
        try {
            $data = (Invoke-WebRequest -uri $uri -ErrorAction Stop)
            return $data
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Invoke-WebRequest failed: $_" -Target $data -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }

    if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Path does not exist or access denied" -Target $path
        return
    }

    Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web
    $glenberryrss = "http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/feed/"
    $glenberrysql = @()

    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Downloading RSS Feed"
    $rss = [xml](get-webdata -uri $glenberryrss)
    $Feed = $rss.rss.Channel

    $glenberrysql = @()
    $RssPostFilter = "SQL Server Diagnostic Information Queries for*"
    $DropboxLinkFilter = "*dropbox.com*"
    $LinkTitleFilter = "*Diagnostic*"

    foreach ($post in $Feed.item) {
        if ($post.title -like $RssPostFilter) {
            # We found the first post that matches it, lets go visit and scrape.
            $page = Get-WebData -uri $post.link
            $glenberrysql += ($page.Links | Where-Object { $_.href -like $DropboxLinkFilter -and $_.innerText -like $LinkTitleFilter } | ForEach-Object {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        URL        = $_.href
                        SQLVersion = $_.innerText -replace " Diagnostic Information Queries", "" -replace "SQL Server ", "" -replace ' ', ''
                        FileYear   = ($post.title -split " ")[-1]
                        FileMonth  = "{0:00}" -f [int]([CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames.IndexOf(($post.title -split " ")[-2]))
                    }
                })
            break
        }
    }
    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Found $($glenberrysql.Count) documents to download"
    foreach ($doc in $glenberrysql) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Downloading $($doc.URL)"
            $page = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $doc.URL -ErrorAction Stop
            $filename = "{0}\SQLServerDiagnosticQueries_{1}_{2}.sql" -f $Path, $doc.SQLVersion, "$($doc.FileYear)$($doc.FileMonth)"
            [io.file]::WriteAllBytes($filename, $page.content)
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Requesting and writing file failed: $_" -Target $filename -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
}
function Select-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Select a subset of backups from a dbatools backup history object
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Set-DbaAgentJob updates a job in the SQL Server Agent with parameters supplied.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
    A dbatools.BackupHistory object containing backup history records
 
    .PARAMETER RestoreTime
        The point in time you want to restore to
 
    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogs
        This switch will cause Log Backups to be ignored. So will restore to the last Full or Diff backup only
 
    .PARAMETER IgnoreDiffs
        This switch will cause Differential backups to be ignored. Unless IgnoreLogs is specified, restore to point in time will still occur, just using all available log backups
 
    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        A string array of Database Names that you want to filter to
 
    .PARAMETER ServerName
        A string array of Server Names that you want to filter
 
    .PARAMETER ContinuePoints
        The Output of Get-RestoreContinuableDatabase while provides 'Database',redo_start_lsn,'FirstRecoveryForkID' values. Used to filter backups to continue a restore on a database
        Sets IgnoreDiffs, and also filters databases to only those within the ContinuePoints object, or the ContinuePoints object AND DatabaseName if both specified
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author:Stuart Moore (@napalmgram stuart-moore.com )
    DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Select-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
    $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1)
 
    Returns all backups needed to restore all the backups in \\server1\backups$ to 1 hour ago
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
    $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1) -DatabaseName ProdFinance
 
    Returns all the backups needed to restore Database ProdFinance to an hour ago
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
    $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1) -IgnoreLogs
 
    Returns all the backups in \\server1\backups$ to restore to as close prior to 1 hour ago as can be managed with only full and differential backups
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
    $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1) -IgnoreDiffs
 
    Returns all the backups in \\server1\backups$ to restore to 1 hour ago using only Full and Diff backups.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object]$BackupHistory,
        [DateTime]$RestoreTime = (get-date).addmonths(1),
        [switch]$IgnoreLogs,
        [switch]$IgnoreDiffs,
        [string[]]$DatabaseName,
        [string[]]$ServerName,
        [object]$ContinuePoints,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $InternalHistory = @()

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName ContinuePoints) -and $null -ne $ContinuePoints) {
            Write-Message -Message "ContinuePoints provided so setting up for a continue" -Level Verbose

            $IgnoreDiffs = $true
            $IgnoreFull = $true
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName DatabaseName) {
                $DatabaseName = $DatabaseName | Where-Object {$_ -in ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database}

                $DroppedDatabases = $DatabaseName | Where-Object {$_ -notin ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database}
                if ($null -ne $DroppedDatabases) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$($DroppedDatabases.join(',')) filtered out as not in ContinuePoints" -Level Verbose
                }
            }
            else {
                $DatabaseName = ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        $internalHistory += $BackupHistory
    }

    end {
        ForEach ($History in $InternalHistory) {
            if ("RestoreTime" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'RestoreTime' -Type NoteProperty -Value $RestoreTime
            }
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName DatabaseName) -and '' -ne $DatabaseName) {
            Write-Message -Message "Filtering by DatabaseName" -Level Verbose
            $InternalHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -in $DatabaseName}
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ServerName) {
            Write-Message -Message "Filtering by ServerName" -Level Verbose
            $InternalHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.InstanceName -in $servername}
        }

        $Databases = ($InternalHistory | Select-Object -Property Database -unique).Database
        ForEach ($Database in $Databases) {
            Write-Message -Message "Processing Db $Database" -Level Verbose
            $DatabaseHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}

            $dbHistory = @()
            #Find the Last Full Backup before RestoreTime
            if ($true -ne $IgnoreFull) {
                $Full = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Full', 'Database') -and $_.Start -le $RestoreTime} | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                $full.Fullname = ($DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Full', 'Database') -and $_.BackupSetID -eq $Full.BackupSetID}).Fullname
                $dbHistory += $full
            }
            #Find the Last diff between Full and RestoreTime
            if ($true -ne $IgnoreDiffs) {
                $Diff = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Differential', 'Database Differential') -and $_.Start -le $RestoreTime -and $_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $Full.CheckpointLSN} | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                if ($null -ne $Diff) {
                    $Diff.FullName = ($DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Differential', 'Database Differential') -and $_.BackupSetID -eq $diff.BackupSetID}).Fullname
                    $dbhistory += $Diff
                }
            }
            #Get All t-logs up to restore time
            if ($IgnoreFull -eq $true) {
                [bigint]$LogBaseLsn = ($ContinuePoints | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}).redo_start_lsn
                $FirstRecoveryForkID = ($ContinuePoints | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}).FirstRecoveryForkID
                Write-Message -Message "Continuing, setting fake LastLsn - $LogBaseLSN" -Level Verbose
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting LogBaseLSN" -Level Verbose
                [bigint]$LogBaseLsn = ($dbHistory | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | select-object -First 1).lastLsn.ToString()
                $FirstRecoveryForkID = $Full.FirstRecoveryForkID
            }

            if ($true -ne $IgnoreLogs) {
                $FilteredLogs = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Log', 'Transaction Log') -and $_.Start -le $RestoreTime -and $_.LastLSN.ToString() -ge $LogBaseLsn -and $_.FirstLSN -ne $_.LastLSN}  | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, FirstLsn
                $GroupedLogs = $FilteredLogs | Group-Object -Property LastLSN, FirstLSN
                ForEach ($Group in $GroupedLogs) {
                    $Log = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.BackupSetID -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID} | select-object -First 1
                    $Log.FullName = ($DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.BackupSetID -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID}).Fullname
                    $dbhistory += $Log
                    #$dbhistory += $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.BackupSetID -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID}
                }
                # Get Last T-log
                $dbHistory += $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Log', 'Transaction Log') -and $_.End -ge $RestoreTime -and $_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $Full.CheckpointLSN} | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, FirstLsn  | Select-Object -First 1
            }

            $dbHistory  #| Group-Object -Property BackupSetId # -Unique
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Set-DbaAgentJob updates a job.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Set-DbaAgentJob updates a job in the SQL Server Agent with parameters supplied.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Job
The name of the job.
 
.PARAMETER Schedule
Schedule to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule.
 
.PARAMETER ScheduleId
Schedule ID to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule ID.
 
.PARAMETER NewName
The new name for the job.
 
.PARAMETER Enabled
Enabled the job.
 
.PARAMETER Disabled
Disabled the job
 
.PARAMETER Description
The description of the job.
 
.PARAMETER StartStepId
The identification number of the first step to execute for the job.
 
.PARAMETER Category
The category of the job.
 
.PARAMETER OwnerLogin
The name of the login that owns the job.
 
.PARAMETER EventlogLevel
Specifies when to place an entry in the Microsoft Windows application log for this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER EmailLevel
Specifies when to send an e-mail upon the completion of this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER NetsendLevel
Specifies when to send a network message upon the completion of this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER PageLevel
Specifies when to send a page upon the completion of this job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER EmailOperator
The e-mail name of the operator to whom the e-mail is sent when EmailLevel is reached.
 
.PARAMETER NetsendOperator
The name of the operator to whom the network message is sent.
 
.PARAMETER PageOperator
The name of the operator to whom a page is sent.
 
.PARAMETER DeleteLevel
Specifies when to delete the job.
Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.PARAMETER InputObject
Enables piping job objects
     
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentJob
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob sql1 -Job Job1 -Disabled
Changes the job to disabled
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob sql1 -Job Job1 -OwnerLogin user1
Changes the owner of the job
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -EventLogLevel OnSuccess
Changes the job and sets the notification to write to the Windows Application event log on success
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -EmailLevel OnFailure -EmailOperator dba
Changes the job and sets the notification to send an e-mail to the e-mail operator
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -Enabled
Changes multiple jobs to enabled
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -Enabled
Changes multiple jobs to enabled on multiple servers
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -Description 'Just another job' -Whatif
Doesn't Change the job but shows what would happen.
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job 'Job One' -Description 'Job One'
Changes a job with the name "Job1" on multiple servers to have another description
 
.EXAMPLE
sql1, sql2, sql3 | Set-DbaAgentJob -Job Job1 -Description 'Job One'
Changes a job with the name "Job1" on multiple servers to have another description using pipe line
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [int[]]$ScheduleId,
        [string]$NewName,
        [switch]$Enabled,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [string]$Description,
        [int]$StartStepId,
        [string]$Category,
        [string]$OwnerLogin,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EventLogLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EmailLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$NetsendLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$PageLevel,
        [string]$EmailOperator,
        [string]$NetsendOperator,
        [string]$PageOperator,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$DeleteLevel,
        [switch]$Force,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin {
        # Check of the event log level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($EventLogLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $EventLogLevel)) {
            $EventLogLevel = switch ($EventLogLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }
        
        # Check of the email level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($EmailLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $EmailLevel)) {
            $EmailLevel = switch ($EmailLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }
        
        # Check of the net send level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($NetsendLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $NetsendLevel)) {
            $NetsendLevel = switch ($NetsendLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }
        
        # Check of the page level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($PageLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $PageLevel)) {
            $PageLevel = switch ($PageLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }
        
        # Check of the delete level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($DeleteLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $DeleteLevel)) {
            $DeleteLevel = switch ($DeleteLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }
        
        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($EmailLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $EmailOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the e-mail operator when the e-mail level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
        
        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($NetsendLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $NetsendOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the netsend operator when the netsend level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
        
        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($PageLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $PageOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the page operator when the page level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
    }
    
    process {
        
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        if ((-not $InputObject) -and (-not $Job)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a job name or pipe in results from another command" -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
        
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            
            foreach ($j in $Job) {
                
                # Check if the job exists
                if ($server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Target $instance
                }
                else {
                    # Get the job
                    try {
                        $InputObject += $server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]
                        
                        # Refresh the object
                        $InputObject.Refresh()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong retrieving the job" -Target $j -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($currentjob in $InputObject) {
            $server = $currentjob.Parent.Parent
            
            #region job options
            # Settings the options for the job
            if ($NewName) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job name to $NewName" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.Rename($NewName)
            }
            
            if ($Schedule) {
                # Loop through each of the schedules
                foreach ($s in $Schedule) {
                    if ($server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Name -contains $s) {
                        # Get the schedule ID
                        $sID = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$s].ID
                        
                        # Add schedule to job
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding schedule id $sID to job" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.AddSharedSchedule($sID)
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $s cannot be found on instance $instance" -Target $s -Continue
                    }
                    
                }
            }
            
            if ($ScheduleId) {
                # Loop through each of the schedules IDs
                foreach ($sID in $ScheduleId) {
                    # Check if the schedule is
                    if ($server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.ID -contains $sID) {
                        # Add schedule to job
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding schedule id $sID to job" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.AddSharedSchedule($sID)
                        
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Schedule ID $sID cannot be found on instance $instance" -Target $sID -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($Enabled) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job to enabled" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.IsEnabled = $true
            }
            
            if ($Disabled) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job to disabled" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.IsEnabled = $false
            }
            
            if ($Description) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job description to $Description" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.Description = $Description
            }
            
            if ($Category) {
                # Check if the job category exists
                if ($Category -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    if ($Force) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating job category on $instance")) {
                            try {
                                # Create the category
                                New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $instance -Category $Category
                                
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job category to $Category" -Level Verbose
                                $currentjob.Category = $Category
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't create job category $Category from $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Job category $Category doesn't exist on $instance. Use -Force to create it." -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job category to $Category" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.Category = $Category
                }
            }
            
            if ($StartStepId) {
                # Get the job steps
                $currentjobSteps = $currentjob.JobSteps
                
                # Check if there are any job steps
                if ($currentjobSteps.Count -ge 1) {
                    # Check if the start step id value is one of the job steps in the job
                    if ($currentjobSteps.ID -contains $StartStepId) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job start step id to $StartStepId" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.StartStepID = $StartStepId
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Message "The step id is not present in job $j on instance $instance" -Warning
                    }
                    
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "There are no job steps present for job $j on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                
            }
            
            if ($OwnerLogin) {
                # Check if the login name is present on the instance
                if ($server.Logins.Name -contains $OwnerLogin) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job owner login name to $OwnerLogin" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OwnerLoginName = $OwnerLogin
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The given owner log in name $OwnerLogin does not exist on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
            
            if ($EventLogLevel) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job event log level to $EventlogLevel" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.EventLogLevel = $EventLogLevel
            }
            
            if ($EmailLevel) {
                # Check if the notifiction needs to be removed
                if ($EmailLevel -eq 0) {
                    # Remove the operator
                    $currentjob.OperatorToEmail = $null
                    
                    # Remove the notification
                    $currentjob.EmailLevel = $EmailLevel
                }
                else {
                    # Check if either the operator e-mail parameter is set or the operator is set in the job
                    if ($EmailOperator -or $currentjob.OperatorToEmail) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail level to $EmailLevel" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.EmailLevel = $EmailLevel
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot set e-mail level $EmailLevel without a valid e-mail operator name" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($NetsendLevel) {
                # Check if the notifiction needs to be removed
                if ($NetsendLevel -eq 0) {
                    # Remove the operator
                    $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend = $null
                    
                    # Remove the notification
                    $currentjob.NetSendLevel = $NetsendLevel
                }
                else {
                    # Check if either the operator netsend parameter is set or the operator is set in the job
                    if ($NetsendOperator -or $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend level to $NetsendLevel" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.NetSendLevel = $NetsendLevel
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot set netsend level $NetsendLevel without a valid netsend operator name" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($PageLevel) {
                # Check if the notifiction needs to be removed
                if ($PageLevel -eq 0) {
                    # Remove the operator
                    $currentjob.OperatorToPage = $null
                    
                    # Remove the notification
                    $currentjob.PageLevel = $PageLevel
                }
                else {
                    # Check if either the operator pager parameter is set or the operator is set in the job
                    if ($PageOperator -or $currentjob.OperatorToPage) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager level to $PageLevel" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.PageLevel = $PageLevel
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot set page level $PageLevel without a valid netsend operator name" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            
            # Check the current setting of the job's email level
            if ($EmailOperator) {
                # Check if the operator name is present
                if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $EmailOperator) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail operator to $EmailOperator" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OperatorToEmail = $EmailOperator
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The e-mail operator name $EmailOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $j -Continue
                }
            }
            
            if ($NetsendOperator) {
                # Check if the operator name is present
                if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $NetsendOperator) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend operator to $NetsendOperator" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend = $NetsendOperator
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The netsend operator name $NetsendOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $j -Continue
                }
            }
            
            if ($PageOperator) {
                # Check if the operator name is present
                if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $PageOperator) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager operator to $PageOperator" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OperatorToPage = $PageOperator
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The page operator name $PageOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
            
            if ($DeleteLevel) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job delete level to $DeleteLevel" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.DeleteLevel = $DeleteLevel
            }
            #endregion job options
            
            # Execute
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing the job $j")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Changing the job" -Level Verbose
                    
                    # Change the job
                    $currentjob.Alter()
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the job" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Name -eq $currentjob.name
            }
        }
    }
    
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing job(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Set-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Set-DbaAgentJobCategory changes a job category.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Set-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to change a job category.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Category
The name of the category
 
.PARAMETER NewName
New name of the job category
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Category
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentJobCategory
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 1' -NewName 'Category 2'
 
Change the name of the category from 'Category 1' to 'Category 2'.
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1, sql2 -Category Category1, Category2 -NewName cat1, cat2
 
Rename multiple jobs in one go on multiple servers.
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [string[]]$NewName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Create array list to hold the results
        $collection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

        # Check if multiple categories are being changed
        if ($Category.Count -gt 1 -and $NewName.Count -eq 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You cannot rename multiple jobs to the same name" -Target $instance
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Loop through each of the categories
            foreach ($cat in $Category) {
                # Check if the category exists
                if ($cat -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $cat doesn't exist on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Check if the category already exists
                if ($NewName -and ($NewName -in $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $NewName already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the job category $Category")) {
                    try {
                        # Get the job category object
                        $currentCategory = $server.JobServer.JobCategories[$cat]

                        Write-Message -Message "Changing job category $cat" -Level Verbose

                        # Get and set the original and new values
                        $originalCategoryName = $currentCategory.Name
                        $newCategoryName = $null

                        # Check if the job category needs to be renamed
                        if ($NewName) {
                            $currentCategory.Rename($NewName[$Category.IndexOf($cat)])
                            $newCategoryName = $currentCategory.Name
                        }

                        # Set up the custom object
                        $null = $collection.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName    = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                CategoryName    = $originalCategoryName
                                NewCategoryName = $newCategoryName
                            })

                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the job category $cat on $instance" -Target $cat -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }

                } # if should process

            } # for each category

        } # foreach instance

        # Return result
        return $collection

    } # end process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
function Set-DbaAgentJobOutputFile {
    <#
        .Synopsis
            Set the output file for a step within an Agent job.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Sets the Output File for a step of an agent job with the Job Names and steps provided dynamically if required
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SQLCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determiend by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job to process - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Step
            The Agent Job Step to provide Output File Path for. Also available dynamically
 
        .PARAMETER OutputFile
            The Full Path to the New Output file
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Original Author - Rob Sewell (https://sqldbawithabeard.com)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
            # todo - allow piping and add -All
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME -JobName 'The Agent Job' -OutPutFile E:\Logs\AgentJobStepOutput.txt
 
            Sets the Job step for The Agent job on SERVERNAME to E:\Logs\AgentJobStepOutput.txt
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = 'The SQL Server Instance',
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, HelpMessage = 'SQL Credential',
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, HelpMessage = 'The Job Step name',
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Step,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, HelpMessage = 'The Full Output File Path',
            ValueFromPipeline = $true,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$OutputFile,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        }
        catch {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $instance"
            continue
        }

        if (!$Job) {
            # This is because jobname isn't yet required
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify a job using the -Job parameter."
            return
        }

        foreach ($name in $Job) {
            $currentJob = $server.JobServer.Jobs[$name]

            if ($Step) {
                $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -in $Step

                if (!$steps) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$Step didn't return any steps"
                    return
                }
            }
            else {
                if (($currentJob.JobSteps).Count -gt 1) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Which Job Step do you wish to add output file to?"
                    $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps | Out-GridView -Title "Choose the Job Steps to add an output file to" -PassThru -Verbose
                }
                else {
                    $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps
                }
            }

            if (!$steps) {
                $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps
            }

            foreach ($jobstep in $steps) {
                $currentoutputfile = $jobstep.OutputFileName

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Current Output File for $currentJob is $currentoutputfile"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding $OutputFile to $jobstep for $currentJob"

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($jobstep, "Changing Output File from $currentoutputfile to $OutputFile")) {
                        $jobstep.OutputFileName = $OutputFile
                        $jobstep.Alter()
                        $jobstep.Refresh()

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Job            = $currentJob.Name
                            JobStep        = $jobstep.Name
                            OutputFileName = $currentoutputfile
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $OutputFile to $jobstep for $currentJob" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $currentJob
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Set-DbaAgentJobStep updates a job step.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Set-DbaAgentJobStep updates a job step in the SQL Server Agent with parameters supplied.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Job
The name of the job. Can be null if the the job id is being used.
 
.PARAMETER StepName
The name of the step.
 
.PARAMETER NewName
The new name for the step in case it needs to be renamed.
 
.PARAMETER SubSystem
The subsystem used by the SQL Server Agent service to execute command.
Allowed values 'ActiveScripting','AnalysisCommand','AnalysisQuery','CmdExec','Distribution','LogReader','Merge','PowerShell','QueueReader','Snapshot','Ssis','TransactSql'
 
.PARAMETER Command
The commands to be executed by SQLServerAgent service through subsystem.
 
.PARAMETER CmdExecSuccessCode
The value returned by a CmdExec subsystem command to indicate that command executed successfully.
 
.PARAMETER OnSuccessAction
The action to perform if the step succeeds.
Allowed values "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER OnSuccessStepId
The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step succeeds and OnSuccessAction is "GoToNextStep".
 
.PARAMETER OnFailAction
The action to perform if the step fails.
Allowed values "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.
 
.PARAMETER OnFailStepId
The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step fails and OnFailAction is "GoToNextStep".
 
.PARAMETER Database
The name of the database in which to execute a Transact-SQL step. The default is 'master'.
 
.PARAMETER DatabaseUser
The name of the user account to use when executing a Transact-SQL step. The default is 'sa'.
 
.PARAMETER RetryAttempts
The number of retry attempts to use if this step fails. The default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER RetryInterval
The amount of time in minutes between retry attempts. The default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER OutputFileName
The name of the file in which the output of this step is saved.
 
.PARAMETER Flag
Sets the flag(s) for the job step.
 
Flag Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory Job history, including command output, is appended to the job history file.
AppendToJobHistory Job history is appended to the job history file.
AppendToLogFile Job history is appended to the SQL Server log file.
AppendToTableLog Job history is appended to a log table.
LogToTableWithOverwrite Job history is written to a log table, overwriting previous contents.
None Job history is not appended to a file.
ProvideStopProcessEvent Job processing is stopped.
 
.PARAMETER ProxyName
The name of the proxy that the job step runs as.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Step
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentJobStep
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -NewName Step2
Changes the name of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to Step2
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Changes the database of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to msdb
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Changes job steps in multiple jobs with the name Step1 to msdb
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1, Job2 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Changes job steps in multiple jobs on multiple servers with the name Step1 to msdb
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Changes the database of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to msdb for multiple servers
 
.EXAMPLE
sql1, sql2, sql3 | Set-DbaAgentJobStep -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb
Changes the database of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to msdb for multiple servers using pipeline
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$StepName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$NewName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('ActiveScripting', 'AnalysisCommand', 'AnalysisQuery', 'CmdExec', 'Distribution', 'LogReader', 'Merge', 'PowerShell', 'QueueReader', 'Snapshot', 'Ssis', 'TransactSql')]
        [string]$Subsystem,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$Command,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$CmdExecSuccessCode,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnSuccessAction,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$OnSuccessStepId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnFailAction,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$OnFailStepId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$Database,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$DatabaseUser,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RetryAttempts,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$RetryInterval,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$OutputFileName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory', 'AppendToJobHistory', 'AppendToLogFile', 'LogToTableWithOverwrite', 'None', 'ProvideStopProcessEvent')]
        [string[]]$Flag,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$ProxyName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {
        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnSuccessAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnSuccessStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnSuccessStepId can only be used with OnSuccessAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnFailAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnFailStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnFailStepId can only be used with OnFailAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                else {
                    # Check if the job step exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -notcontains $StepName) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Step $StepName doesn't exists for job $j" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                    else {

                        # Get the job step
                        $JobStep = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps[$StepName]

                        Write-Message -Message "Modifying job $j on $instance" -Level Verbose

                        #region job step options
                        # Setting the options for the job step
                        if ($NewName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step name to $NewName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.Rename($NewName)
                        }

                        if ($Subsystem) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step subsystem to $Subsystem" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.Subsystem = $Subsystem
                        }

                        if ($Command) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command to $Command" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.Command = $Command
                        }

                        if ($CmdExecSuccessCode) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command exec success code to $CmdExecSuccessCode" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.CommandExecutionSuccessCode = $CmdExecSuccessCode
                        }

                        if ($OnSuccessAction) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success action to $OnSuccessAction" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnSuccessAction = $OnSuccessAction
                        }

                        if ($OnSuccessStepId) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success step id to $OnSuccessStepId" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnSuccessStep = $OnSuccessStepId
                        }

                        if ($OnFailAction) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail action to $OnFailAction" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnFailAction = $OnFailAction
                        }

                        if ($OnFailStepId) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail step id to $OnFailStepId" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnFailStep = $OnFailStepId
                        }

                        if ($Database) {
                            # Check if the database is present on the server
                            if ($Server.Databases.Name -contains $Database) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database name to $Database" -Level Verbose
                                $JobStep.DatabaseName = $Database
                            }
                            else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The database is not present on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if (($DatabaseUser) -and ($Database)) {
                            # Check if the username is present in the database
                            if ($Server.Databases[$Database].Users.Name -contains $DatabaseUser) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database username to $DatabaseUser" -Level Verbose
                                $JobStep.DatabaseUserName = $DatabaseUser
                            }
                            else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The database user is not present in the database $Database on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if ($RetryAttempts) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry attempts to $RetryAttempts" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.RetryAttempts = $RetryAttempts
                        }

                        if ($RetryInterval) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry interval to $RetryInterval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.RetryInterval = $RetryInterval
                        }

                        if ($OutputFileName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step output file name to $OutputFileName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OutputFileName = $OutputFileName
                        }

                        if ($ProxyName) {
                            # Check if the proxy exists
                            if ($Server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Name -contains $ProxyName) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job step proxy name to $ProxyName" -Level Verbose
                                $JobStep.ProxyName = $ProxyName
                            }
                            else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The proxy name $ProxyName doesn't exist on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if ($Flag.Count -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step flag(s) to $($Flags -join ',')" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.JobStepFlags = $Flag
                        }
                        #region job step options

                        # Execute
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the job step $StepName for job $j")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Changing the job step $StepName for job $j" -Level Verbose

                                # Change the job step
                                $JobStep.Alter()
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the job step" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

            } # foreach object job
        } # foreach object intance
    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing job step(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Set-DbaAgentSchedule updates a schedule in the msdb database.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Set-DbaAgentSchedule will help update a schedule for a job. It does not attach the schedule to a job.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER Job
The name of the job that has the schedule.
 
.PARAMETER ScheduleName
The name of the schedule.
 
.PARAMETER NewName
The new name for the schedule.
 
.PARAMETER Enabled
Set the schedule to enabled.
 
.PARAMETER Disabled
Set the schedule to disabled.
 
.PARAMETER FrequencyType
A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
Allowed values are 1, "Once", 4, "Daily", 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32, "MonthlyRelative", 64, "AgentStart", 128 or "IdleComputer"
 
.PARAMETER FrequencyInterval
The days that a job is executed
Allowed values are 1, "Sunday", 2, "Monday", 4, "Tuesday", 8, "Wednesday", 16, "Thursday", 32, "Friday", 64, "Saturday", 62, "Weekdays", 65, "Weekend", 127, "EveryDay".
If 62, "Weekdays", 65, "Weekend", 127, "EveryDay" is used it overwwrites any other value that has been passed before.
 
.PARAMETER FrequencySubdayType
Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
Allowed values are 1, "Time", 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes", 8 or "Hours"
 
.PARAMETER FrequencySubdayInterval
The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of a job.
 
.PARAMETER FrequencySubdayInterval
The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of a job.
 
.PARAMETER FrequencyRelativeInterval
A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).
 
.PARAMETER FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".
 
.PARAMETER StartDate
The date on which execution of a job can begin.
 
.PARAMETER EndDate
The date on which execution of a job can stop.
 
.PARAMETER StartTime
The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER EndTime
The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.
 
.PARAMETER Owner
The name of the server principal that owns the schedule. If no value is given the schedule is owned by the creator.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Agent, Job, Job Step
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentSchedule
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -ScheduleName daily -Enabled
Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name 'daily' to enabled
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -ScheduleName daily -NewName weekly -FrequencyType Weekly -FrequencyInterval Monday, Wednesday, Friday
Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name daily to have a new name weekly
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -ScheduleName daily -StartTime '230000'
Changes the start time of the schedule for Job1 to 11 PM for multiple jobs
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -ScheduleName daily -Enabled
Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name daily to enabled on multiple servers
 
.EXAMPLE
sql1, sql2, sql3 | Set-DbaAgentSchedule -Job Job1 -ScheduleName 'daily' -Enabled
Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name 'daily' to enabled on multiple servers using pipe line
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$ScheduleName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$NewName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$Enabled,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [ValidateSet(1, "Once", 4, "Daily", 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32, "MonthlyRelative", 64, "AgentStart", 128, "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$FrequencyType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [object[]]$FrequencyInterval,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet(1, "Time", 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes", 8, "Hours")]
        [object]$FrequencySubdayType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$FrequencySubdayInterval,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$FrequencyRelativeInterval,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$FrequencyRecurrenceFactor,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$StartDate,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$EndDate,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$StartTime,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$EndTime,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {

        # Check of the FrequencyType value is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($FrequencyType -notin 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128) {
            [int]$FrequencyType = switch ($FrequencyType) { "Once" { 1 } "Daily" { 4 } "Weekly" { 8 } "Monthly" { 16 } "MonthlyRelative" { 32 } "AgentStart" { 64 } "IdleComputer" { 128 } }
        }

        # Check of the FrequencySubdayType value is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($FrequencySubdayType -notin 0, 1, 2, 4, 8) {
            [int]$FrequencySubdayType = switch ($FrequencySubdayType) { "Time" { 1 } "Seconds" { 2 } "Minutes" { 4 } "Hours" { 8 } default {0} }
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid
        if (($FrequencyType -eq 4) -and ($FrequencyInterval -lt 1 -or $FrequencyInterval -ge 365)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The interval $FrequencyInterval needs to be higher than 1 and lower than 365 when using a daily frequency the interval." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check if the recurrence factor is set for weekly or monthly interval
        if (($FrequencyType -in 8, 16) -and $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -lt 1) {
            if ($Force) {
                $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 1
                Write-Message -Message "Recurrence factor not set for weekly or monthly interval. Setting it to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor." -Level Verbose
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The recurrence factor $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor needs to be at least on when using a weekly or monthly interval." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($FrequencySubdayType -in 2, 4) -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif (($FrequencySubdayType -eq 8) -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check of the FrequencyInterval value is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($null -ne $FrequencyType)) {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the weekly FrequencyType
            if ($FrequencyType -eq 8) {
                # Loop through the array
                foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                    switch ($Item) {
                        "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                        "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                        "Tuesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                        "Wednesday" { $Interval += 8 }
                        "Thursday" { $Interval += 16 }
                        "Friday" { $Interval += 32 }
                        "Saturday" { $Interval += 64 }
                        "Weekdays" { $Interval = 62 }
                        "Weekend" { $Interval = 65 }
                        "EveryDay" {$Interval = 127 }
                        1 { $Interval += 1 }
                        2 { $Interval += 2 }
                        4 { $Interval += 4 }
                        8 { $Interval += 8 }
                        16 { $Interval += 16 }
                        31 { $Interval += 32 }
                        64 { $Interval += 64 }
                        62 { $Interval = 62 }
                        65 { $Interval = 65 }
                        127 {$Interval = 127 }
                    }
                }
            }

            # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the relative monthly FrequencyInterval
            if ($FrequencyType -eq 32) {
                # Loop through the array
                foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                    switch ($Item) {
                        "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                        "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                        "Tuesday" { $Interval += 3 }
                        "Wednesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                        "Thursday" { $Interval += 5 }
                        "Friday" { $Interval += 6 }
                        "Saturday" { $Interval += 7 }
                        "Day" { $Interval += 8 }
                        "Weekday" { $Interval += 9 }
                        "WeekendDay" { $Interval += 10 }
                        1 { $Interval += 1 }
                        2 { $Interval += 2 }
                        3 { $Interval += 3 }
                        4 { $Interval += 4 }
                        5 { $Interval += 5 }
                        6 { $Interval += 6 }
                        7 { $Interval += 7 }
                        8 { $Interval += 8 }
                        9 { $Interval += 9 }
                        10 { $Interval += 10 }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Check of the relative FrequencyInterval value is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -notin 1, 2, 4, 8, 16) -and $null -ne $FrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            [int]$FrequencyRelativeInterval = switch ($FrequencyRelativeInterval) { "First" { 1 } "Second" { 2 } "Third" { 4 } "Fourth" { 8 } "Last" { 16 } "Unused" { 0 } default { 0 }}
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid
        if (($FrequencyType -eq 4) -and ($FrequencyInterval -lt 1 -or $FrequencyInterval -ge 365)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The interval $FrequencyInterval needs to be higher than 1 and lower than 365 when using a daily frequency the interval." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Setup the regex
        $RegexDate = '(?<!\d)(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:(?:0[13578]|1[02])31)|(?:(?:0[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(?:29|30)))|(?:(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00)))0229)|(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(?:0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))(?!\d)'
        $RegexTime = '^(?:(?:([01]?\d|2[0-3]))?([0-5]?\d))?([0-5]?\d)$'

        # Check the start date
        if ($StartDate -and ($StartDate -notmatch $RegexDate)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start date $StartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end date
        if ($EndDate -and ($EndDate -notmatch $RegexDate)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        elseif ($EndDate -lt $StartDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate cannot be before start date $StartDate" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the start time
        if ($StartTime -and ($StartTime -notmatch $RegexTime)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start time $StartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end time
        if ($EndTime -and ($EndTime -notmatch $RegexTime)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End time $EndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Try connecting to the instance
                Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
                try {
                    $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Level Warning
                }
                else {
                    # Check if the job schedule exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSchedules.Name -notcontains $ScheduleName) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $ScheduleName doesn't exists for job $j on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                    else {
                        # Get the job schedule
                        # If for some reason the there are multiple schedules with the same name, the first on is chosen
                        $JobSchedule = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSchedules[$ScheduleName][0]

                        #region job step options
                        # Setting the options for the job schedule
                        if ($NewName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule name to $NewName for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.Rename($NewName)
                        }

                        if ($Enabled) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to enabled for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $true
                        }

                        if ($Disabled) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to disabled for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $false
                        }

                        if ($FrequencyType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency to $FrequencyType for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyTypes = $FrequencyType
                        }

                        if ($Interval -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency interval to $Interval for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyInterval = $Interval
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday type to $FrequencySubdayType for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayTypes = $FrequencySubdayType
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday interval to $FrequencySubdayInterval for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayInterval = $FrequencySubdayInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -eq 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency relative interval to $FrequencyRelativeInterval for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals = $FrequencyRelativeInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -in 8, 16, 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency recurrence factor to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
                        }

                        if ($StartDate) {
                            $StartDate = $StartDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start date to $StartDate for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.StartDate = $StartDate
                        }

                        if ($EndDate) {
                            $EndDate = $EndDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end date to $EndDate for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.EndDate = $EndDate
                        }

                        if ($StartTime) {
                            $StartTime = $StartTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start time to $StartTime for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $StartTime
                        }

                        if ($EndTime) {
                            $EndTime = $EndTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end time to $EndTime for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $EndTime
                        }
                        #endregion job step options

                        # Execute the query
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the schedule $ScheduleName for job $j on $instance")) {
                            try {
                                # Excute the query and save the result
                                Write-Message -Message "Changing the schedule $ScheduleName for job $j" -Level Verbose

                                $JobSchedule.Alter()

                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } # foreach object job
        } # foreach object instance
    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing the job schedule(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Set-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Configures a connection object for use in remote computer management.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Configures a connection object for use in remote computer management.
        This function will either create new records for computers that have no connection registered so far, or it will configure existing connections if already present.
 
        As such it can be handy in making bulk-edits on connections or manually adjusting some settings.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to build the connection object for.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credential to register.
 
    .PARAMETER UseWindowsCredentials
        Whether using the default windows credentials is legit.
        Not setting this will not exclude using windows credentials, but only not pre-confirm them as working.
 
    .PARAMETER OverrideExplicitCredential
        Setting this will enable the credential override.
        The override will cause the system to ignore explicitly specified credentials, so long as known, good credentials are available.
 
    .PARAMETER OverrideConnectionPolicy
        Setting this will configure the connection policy override.
        By default, global configurations enforce, which connection type is available at all and which is disabled.
 
    .PARAMETER DisabledConnectionTypes
        Exlicitly disable connection types.
        These types will then not be used for connecting to the computer.
 
    .PARAMETER DisableBadCredentialCache
        Will prevent the caching of credentials if set to true.
 
    .PARAMETER DisableCimPersistence
        Will prevent Cim-Sessions to be reused.
 
    .PARAMETER DisableCredentialAutoRegister
        Will prevent working credentials from being automatically cached
 
    .PARAMETER EnableCredentialFailover
        Will enable automatic failing over to known to work credentials, when using bad credentials.
        By default, passing bad credentials will cause the Computer Management functions to interrupt with a warning (Or exception if in silent mode).
 
    .PARAMETER WindowsCredentialsAreBad
        Will prevent the windows credentials of the currently logged on user from being used for the remote connection.
 
    .PARAMETER CimWinRMOptions
        Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over WinRM.
        Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.
 
    .PARAMETER CimDCOMOptions
        Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over DCOM.
        Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.
 
    .PARAMETER AddBadCredential
        Adds credentials to the bad credential cache.
        These credentials will not be used when connecting to the target remote computer.
 
    .PARAMETER RemoveBadCredential
        Removes credentials from the bad credential cache.
 
    .PARAMETER ClearBadCredential
        Clears the cache of credentials that didn't worked.
        Will be applied before adding entries to the credential cache.
 
    .PARAMETER ClearCredential
        Clears the cache of credentials that worked.
        Will be applied before adding entries to the credential cache.
 
    .PARAMETER ResetCredential
        Resets all credential-related caches:
        - Clears bad credential cache
        - Removes last working credential
        - Un-Confirms the windows credentials as working
        - Un-Confirms the windows credentials as not working
 
        Automatically implies the parameters -ClearCredential and -ClearBadCredential. Using them together is redundant.
        Will be applied before adding entries to the credential cache.
 
    .PARAMETER ResetConnectionStatus
        Restores all connection stati to default, as if no connection protocol had ever been tested.
 
    .PARAMETER ResetConfiguration
        Restores the configuration back to system default.
        Configuration elements are the basic behavior controlling settings, such as whether to cache bad credentials, etc.
        These can be configured globally using the dbatools configuration system and overridden locally on a per-connection basis.
        For a list of all available settings, use "Get-DbaConfig -Module ComputerManagement".
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCmConnection sql2014 | Set-DbaCmConnection -ClearBadCredential -UseWindowsCredentials
 
        Retrieves the already existing connection to sql2014, removes the list of not working credentials and configures it to default to the credentials of the logged on user.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCmConnection | Set-DbaCmConnection -RemoveBadCredential $cred
        Removes the credentials stored in $cred from all connections' list of "known to not work" credentials.
        Handy to update changes in privilege.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaCmConnection | Export-Clixml .\connections.xml
        Import-Clixml .\connections.xml | Set-DbaCmConnection -ResetConfiguration
 
        At first, the current cached connections are stored in an xml file. At a later time - possibly in the profile when starting the console again - those connections are imported again and applied again to the connection cache.
 
        In this example, the configuration settings will also be reset, since after reimport those will be set to explicit, rather than deriving them from the global settings.
        In many cases, using the default settings is desirable. For specific settings, use New-DbaCmConnection as part of the profile in order to explicitly configure a connection.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Credential')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Windows")]
        [switch]
        $UseWindowsCredentials,

        [switch]
        $OverrideExplicitCredential,

        [switch]
        $OverrideConnectionPolicy,

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType]
        $DisabledConnectionTypes = 'None',

        [switch]
        $DisableBadCredentialCache,

        [switch]
        $DisableCimPersistence,

        [switch]
        $DisableCredentialAutoRegister,

        [switch]
        $EnableCredentialFailover,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [switch]
        $WindowsCredentialsAreBad,

        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.WSManSessionOptions]
        $CimWinRMOptions,

        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.DComSessionOptions]
        $CimDCOMOptions,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential[]]
        $AddBadCredential,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential[]]
        $RemoveBadCredential,

        [switch]
        $ClearBadCredential,

        [switch]
        $ClearCredential,

        [switch]
        $ResetCredential,

        [switch]
        $ResetConnectionStatus,

        [switch]
        $ResetConfiguration,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting execution"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $disable_cache = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.All' -Fallback $false
    }
    PROCESS {
        foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret computername input: $($connectionObject.InputObject)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.InputObject -Continue }
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing computer: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)"

            $connection = $connectionObject.Connection

            if ($ResetConfiguration) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resetting the configuration to system default"

                $connection.RestoreDefaultConfiguration()
            }

            if ($ResetConnectionStatus) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resetting the connection status"

                $connection.CimRM = 'Unknown'
                $connection.CimDCOM = 'Unknown'
                $connection.Wmi = 'Unknown'
                $connection.PowerShellRemoting = 'Unknown'

                $connection.LastCimRM = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                $connection.LastCimDCOM = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                $connection.LastWmi = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                $connection.LastPowerShellRemoting = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
            }

            if ($ResetCredential) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resetting credentials"

                $connection.KnownBadCredentials.Clear()
                $connection.Credentials = $null
                $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $false
                $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $false
            }
            else {
                if ($ClearBadCredential) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing bad credentials"

                    $connection.KnownBadCredentials.Clear()
                    $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $false
                }

                if ($ClearCredential) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing credentials"

                    $connection.Credentials = $null
                    $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $false
                }
            }

            foreach ($badCred in $RemoveBadCredential) {
                $connection.RemoveBadCredential($badCred)
            }

            foreach ($badCred in $AddBadCredential) {
                $connection.AddBadCredential($badCred)
            }

            if (Test-Bound "Credential") { $connection.Credentials = $Credential }
            if ($UseWindowsCredentials) {
                $connection.Credentials = $null
                $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $UseWindowsCredentials
            }
            if (Test-Bound "OverrideExplicitCredential") { $connection.OverrideExplicitCredential = $OverrideExplicitCredential }
            if (Test-Bound "DisabledConnectionTypes") { $connection.DisabledConnectionTypes = $DisabledConnectionTypes }
            if (Test-Bound "DisableBadCredentialCache") { $connection.DisableBadCredentialCache = $DisableBadCredentialCache }
            if (Test-Bound "DisableCimPersistence") { $connection.DisableCimPersistence = $DisableCimPersistence }
            if (Test-Bound "DisableCredentialAutoRegister") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $DisableCredentialAutoRegister }
            if (Test-Bound "EnableCredentialFailover") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $EnableCredentialFailover }
            if (Test-Bound "WindowsCredentialsAreBad") { $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $WindowsCredentialsAreBad }
            if (Test-Bound "CimWinRMOptions") { $connection.CimWinRMOptions = $CimWinRMOptions }
            if (Test-Bound "CimDCOMOptions") { $connection.CimDCOMOptions = $CimDCOMOptions }
            if (Test-Bound "OverrideConnectionPolicy") { $connection.OverrideConnectionPolicy = $OverrideConnectionPolicy }

            if (-not $disable_cache) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing connection to cache"
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName] = $connection
            }
            else { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping writing to cache, since the cache has been disabled!" }
            $connection
        }
    }
    END {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Stopping execution"
    }
}
function Set-DbaConfig {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets configuration entries.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function creates or changes configuration values.
            These are used in dbatools to provide dynamic configuration information outside the PowerShell variable system.
 
        .PARAMETER FullName
            The full name of a configuration element. Must be namespaced <Module>.<Name>.
            The name can have any number of sub-segments, in order to better group configurations thematically.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            Name of the configuration entry. If an entry of exactly this non-casesensitive name already exists, its value will be overwritten.
            Duplicate names across different modules are possible and will be treated separately.
            If a name contains namespace notation and no module is set, the first namespace element will be used as module instead of name. Example:
            -Name "Nordwind.Server"
            Is Equivalent to
            -Name "Server" -Module "Nordwind"
 
        .PARAMETER Module
            This allows grouping configuration elements into groups based on the module/component they server.
            If this parameter is not set, the configuration element is stored under its name only, which increases the likelyhood of name conflicts in large environments.
 
        .PARAMETER Value
            The value to assign to the named configuration element.
 
        .PARAMETER Description
            Using this, the configuration setting is given a description, making it easier for a user to comprehend, what a specific setting is for.
 
        .PARAMETER Validation
            The name of the validation script used for input validation.
            These can be used to validate make sure that input is of the proper data type.
            New validation scripts can be registered using Register-PSFConfigValidation
 
        .PARAMETER Handler
            A scriptblock that is executed when a value is being set.
            Is only executed if the validation was successful (assuming there was a validation, of course)
 
        .PARAMETER Hidden
            Setting this parameter hides the configuration from casual discovery. Configurations with this set will only be returned by Get-Config, if the parameter "-Force" is used.
            This should be set for all system settings a user should have no business changing (e.g. for Infrastructure related settings such as mail server).
 
        .PARAMETER Default
            Setting this parameter causes the system to treat this configuration as a default setting. If the configuration already exists, no changes will be performed.
            Useful in scenarios where for some reason it is not practical to automatically set defaults before loading userprofiles.
 
        .PARAMETER Initialize
            Use this when setting configurations as part of module import.
            When initializing a configuration, it will only do a thing if the configuration hasn't already been initialized (So if you load the module multiple times or in multiple runspaces, it won't make a difference)
            Also, if there already was a non-initialized setting set for a given configuration, it will then try to set the old value again.
            This value will be processed by handlers, if any are set.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableValidation
            This parameters disables the input validation - if any - when processing a setting.
            Normally this shouldn't be circumvented, but just in case, it can be disabled.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableHandler
            Internal Use Only.
            This parameter disables the configuration handlers.
            Configuration handlers are designed to automatically validate and process input set to a config value, in addition to writing the value.
            In many cases, this is used to improve performance, by forking the value location also to a static C#-field, which is then used, rather than searching a Hashtable.
            Sometimes it may only be used to introduce input validation.
            During module import, some handlers are registered and many values written to configuration.
            However, some of those values actually are already set as default values within the library. Processing a handler will cost a few ms.
            Add up a couple dozen such events and the delay is very notable.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Set-DbaConfig -Name 'User' -Value "Friedrich" -Description "The user under which the show must go on."
 
            Creates a configuration entry named "User" with the value "Friedrich"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Set-DbaConfig -Name 'mymodule.User' -Value "Friedrich" -Description "The user under which the show must go on." -Handler $scriptBlock -Initialize -Validation String
 
            Creates a configuration entry ...
            - Named "mymodule.user"
            - With the value "Friedrich"
            - It adds a description as noted
            - It registers the scriptblock stored in $scriptBlock as handler
            - It initializes the script. This block only executes the first time a it is run like this. Subsequent calls will be ignored.
            - It registers the basic string input type validator
            This is the default example for modules using the configuration system.
            Note: While the -Handler parameter is optional, it is important to add it at the initial initialize call, if you are planning to add it.
            Only then will the system validate previous settings (such as what a user might have placed in his user profile)
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Set-DbaConfig 'ConfigLink' 'https://www.example.com/config.xml' 'Company' -Hidden
 
            Creates a configuration entry named "ConfigLink" in the "Company" module with the value 'https://www.example.com/config.xml'.
            This entry is hidden from casual discovery using Get-Config.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Set-DbaConfig 'Network.Firewall' '10.0.0.2' -Default
 
            Creates a configuration entry named "Firewall" in the "Network" module with the value '10.0.0.2'
            This is only set, if the setting does not exist yet. If it does, this command will apply no changes.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Friedrich Weinmann
            Tags: Config
    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "FullName")]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FullName", Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $FullName,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 0)]
        [string]
        $Module,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FullName", Position = 1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 2)]
        [AllowNull()]
        [AllowEmptyCollection()]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        $Value,

        [string]
        $Description,

        [string]
        $Validation,

        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
        $Handler,

        [switch]
        $Hidden,

        [switch]
        $Default,

        [switch]
        $Initialize,

        [switch]
        $DisableValidation,

        [switch]
        $DisableHandler,

        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )

    #region Prepare Names
    if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "FullName") {
        if (-not $FullName.Trim(".").Contains(".")) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Name: $FullName ! At least one '.' is required, to separate module from name" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument
            return
        }

        $Module = $FullName.Split(".")[0].ToLower().Trim(".")
        $Name = $FullName.Substring(($Module.Length + 1)).ToLower().Trim(".")
        $internalFullName = $FullName.ToLower().Trim(".")
    }
    else {
        $Name = $Name.ToLower().Trim(".")
        if ($Module) { $Module = $Module.ToLower().Trim(".") }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName "Module" -Not) -and ($Name -match ".+\..+")) {
            $r = $Name | select-string "^(.+?)\..+" -AllMatches
            $Module = $r.Matches[0].Groups[1].Value
            $Name = $Name.Substring($Module.Length + 1)
        }
        elseif ((Test-Bound -ParameterName "Module" -Not) -and ($Name -notmatch ".+\..+")) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Name: $Name ! At least one '.' is required when not explicitly specifying a module name, to separate module from name" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument
            return
        }

        If ($Module) { $internalFullName = $Module, $Name -join "." }
        else { $internalFullName = $Name }
    }
    #endregion Prepare Names

    #region Prepare runtime and kill execution as needed
    if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.ContainsKey($internalFullName)) {
        $itExists = $true
        $itIsInitialized = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Initialized
        $itIsEnforced = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].PolicyEnforced
    }
    else {
        $itExists = $false
        $itIsInitialized = $false
        $itIsEnforced = $false
    }

    if ($itExists -and $Default) { return }
    if ($itIsInitialized -and $Initialize) { return }
    if ($itIsEnforced -and (-not $Initialize)) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not update configuration due to policy settings: $internalFullName" -EnableException $EnableException -Category PermissionDenied
        return
    }

    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Validation") {
        if (-not ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation.Keys -contains $Validation.ToLower())) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Invalid validation name: $Validation. Supported validations: $([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation.Keys -join ", ")" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $Name
            return
        }
    }
    #endregion Prepare runtime and kill execution as needed

    #region Initializing a configuration
    if ($Initialize) {
        if ($itExists) {
            $oldValue = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Value
            $cfg = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName]
        }
        else { $cfg = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config }
        $cfg.Name = $Name
        $cfg.Module = $Module
        $cfg.Description = $Description
        $cfg.Value = $Value
        $cfg.Handler = $Handler
        if ($Validation) { $cfg.Validation = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation[$Validation.ToLower()] }
        $cfg.Hidden = $Hidden
        $cfg.Initialized = $true
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName] = $cfg

        if ($itExists) { Set-DbaConfig -Name $internalFullName -Value $oldValue }
    }
    #endregion Initializing a configuration

    #region Regular configuration update
    else {
        if (-not $itExists) {
            $cfg = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config
            $cfg.Name = $Name
            $cfg.Module = $Module
            $cfg.Description = $Description
            $cfg.Handler = $Handler
            if ($Validation) { $cfg.Validation = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation[$Validation.ToLower()] }
            $cfg.Hidden = $Hidden
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName] = $cfg

            Set-DbaConfig -Name $internalFullName -Value $Value
            return
        }

        else {
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config]$cfg = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName]
            if ((-not $DisableValidation) -and ($cfg.Validation) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Value")) {
                $testResult = [scriptblock]::Create($cfg.Validation.ToString()).Invoke($Value)
                if (-not $TestResult.Success) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not update configuration $internalFullName | Failed validation: $($testResult.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidResult -Target $internalFullName
                    return
                }
                $Value = $testResult.Value
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Hidden") { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Hidden = $Hidden }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Value") { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Value = $Value }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Description") { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Description = $Description }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Handler") { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Handler = $Handler }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Validation") { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$internalFullName].Validation = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation[$Validation.ToLower()] }

            if ((-not $DisableHandler) -and ($cfg.Handler) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Value")) {
                try { [scriptblock]::Create($cfg.Handler.ToString()).Invoke($Value) }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not update configuration $internalFullName | Failed handling $_" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidResult -Target $internalFullName
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }
    #endregion Regular configuration update
}
function Set-DbaDatabaseOwner {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets database owners with a desired login if databases do not match that owner.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function will alter database ownership to match a specified login if their current owner does not match the target login. By default, the target login will be 'sa', but the function will allow the user to specify a different login for ownership. The user can also apply this to all databases or only to a select list of databases (passed as either a comma separated list or a string array).
 
            Best Practice reference: http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/dang/archive/2008/01/13/Database-Owner-Troubles.aspx
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER TargetLogin
            Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDatabaseOwner
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDatabaseOwner -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Sets database owner to 'sa' on all databases where the owner does not match 'sa'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDatabaseOwner -SqlInstance localhost -TargetLogin DOMAIN\account
 
            Sets the database owner to DOMAIN\account on all databases where the owner does not match DOMAIN\account.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDatabaseOwner -SqlInstance sqlserver -Database db1, db2
 
            Sets database owner to 'sa' on the db1 and db2 databases if their current owner does not match 'sa'.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("Login")]
        [string]$TargetLogin,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if (!$TargetLogin) {
                $TargetLogin = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Validate login
            if (($server.Logins.Name) -notcontains $TargetLogin) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$TargetLogin is not a valid login on $instance. Moving on." -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
            }

            #Owner cannot be a group
            $TargetLoginObject = $server.Logins | where-object {$PSItem.Name -eq $TargetLogin }| Select-Object -property  Name, LoginType
            if ($TargetLoginObject.LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$TargetLogin is a group, therefore can't be set as owner. Moving on." -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
            }

            #Get database list. If value for -Database is passed, massage to make it a string array.
            #Otherwise, use all databases on the instance where owner not equal to -TargetLogin
            #use where owner and target login do not match
            #exclude system dbs
            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.Owner -ne $TargetLogin -and @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name}

            #filter collection based on -Databases/-Exclude parameters
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $($dbs.Count) database(s)."
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $dbname = $db.name
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Setting database owner for $dbname to $TargetLogin")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting database owner for $dbname to $TargetLogin on $instance."
                        # Set database owner to $TargetLogin (default 'sa')
                        # Ownership validations checks

                        #Database is online and accessible
                        if ($db.Status -ne 'Normal') {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname on $instance is in a $($db.Status) state and can not be altered. It will be skipped."
                        }
                        #Database is updatable, not read-only
                        elseif ($db.IsUpdateable -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname on $instance is not in an updateable state and can not be altered. It will be skipped."
                        }
                        #Is the login mapped as a user? Logins already mapped in the database can not be the owner
                        elseif ($db.Users.name -contains $TargetLogin) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname on $instance has $TargetLogin as a mapped user. Mapped users can not be database owners."
                        }
                        else {
                            $db.SetOwner($TargetLogin)
                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database     = $db
                                Owner        = $TargetLogin
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure updating owner." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Set-DbaDatabaseState {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Sets various options for databases, hereby called "states"
 
.DESCRIPTION
Sets some common "states" on databases:
 - "RW" options (ReadOnly, ReadWrite)
 - "Status" options (Online, Offline, Emergency, plus a special "Detached")
 - "Access" options (SingleUser, RestrictedUser, MultiUser)
 
Returns an object with SqlInstance, Database, RW, Status, Access, Notes
 
Notes gets filled when something went wrong setting the state
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER AllDatabases
This is a parameter that was included for safety, so you don't accidentally set options on all databases without specifying
 
.PARAMETER ReadOnly
RW Option : Sets the database as READ_ONLY
 
.PARAMETER ReadWrite
RW Option : Sets the database as READ_WRITE
 
.PARAMETER Online
Status Option : Sets the database as ONLINE
 
.PARAMETER Offline
Status Option : Sets the database as OFFLINE
 
.PARAMETER Emergency
Status Option : Sets the database as EMERGENCY
 
.PARAMETER Detached
Status Option : Detaches the database
 
.PARAMETER SingleUser
Access Option : Sets the database as SINGLE_USER
 
.PARAMETER RestrictedUser
Access Option : Sets the database as RESTRICTED_USER
 
.PARAMETER MultiUser
Access Option : Sets the database as MULTI_USER
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER Force
For most options, this translates to istantly rolling back any open transactions
that may be stopping the process.
For -Detached it is required to break mirroring and Availability Groups
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
Internal parameter for piped objects - this will likely go away once we move to better dynamic parameters
 
.NOTES
Author: niphlod
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDatabaseState
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Offline
 
Sets the HR database as OFFLINE
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AllDatabases -Exclude HR -Readonly -Force
 
Sets all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance, except for HR, as READ_ONLY
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object Status -eq 'Offline' | Set-DbaDatabaseState -Online
 
Finds all offline databases and sets them to online
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser
 
Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser -Force
 
Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions)
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR | Set-DbaDatabaseState -SingleUser -Force
 
Gets the databases from Get-DbaDatabase, and sets them as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions)
 
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch]$ReadOnly,
        [switch]$ReadWrite,
        [switch]$Online,
        [switch]$Offline,
        [switch]$Emergency,
        [switch]$Detached,
        [switch]$SingleUser,
        [switch]$RestrictedUser,
        [switch]$MultiUser,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Database")]
        [PsCustomObject[]]$DatabaseCollection
    )

    begin {
        function Get-WrongCombo($optset, $allparams) {
            $x = 0
            foreach ($opt in $optset) {
                if ($allparams.ContainsKey($opt)) { $x += 1 }
            }
            if ($x -gt 1) {
                $msg = $optset -Join ',-'
                $msg = "You can only specify one of: -" + $msg
                throw $msg
            }
        }

        function Edit-DatabaseState($sqlinstance, $dbname, $opt, $immediate = $false) {
            $warn = $null
            $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET $opt"
            if ($immediate) {
                $sql += " WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
            }
            else {
                $sql += " WITH NO_WAIT"
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql
                if ($immediate) {
                    # this can be helpful only for SINGLE_USER databases
                    # but since $immediate is called, it does no more harm
                    # than the immediate rollback
                    $sqlinstance.KillAllProcesses($dbname)
                }
                $null = $sqlinstance.Query($sql)
            }
            catch {
                $warn = "Failed to set '$dbname' to $opt"
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $warn
            }
            return $warn
        }

        $UserAccessHash = @{
            'Single'     = 'SINGLE_USER'
            'Restricted' = 'RESTRICTED_USER'
            'Multiple'   = 'MULTI_USER'
        }
        $ReadOnlyHash = @{
            $true  = 'READ_ONLY'
            $false = 'READ_WRITE'
        }
        $StatusHash = @{
            'Offline'       = 'OFFLINE'
            'Normal'        = 'ONLINE'
            'EmergencyMode' = 'EMERGENCY'
        }

        function Get-DbState($databaseName, $dbStatuses) {
            $base = $dbStatuses | Where-Object DatabaseName -ceq $databaseName
            foreach ($status in $StatusHash.Keys) {
                if ($base.Status -match $status) {
                    $base.Status = $StatusHash[$status]
                    break
                }
            }
            return $base
        }

        $RWExclusive = @('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')
        $StatusExclusive = @('Online', 'Offline', 'Emergency', 'Detached')
        $AccessExclusive = @('SingleUser', 'RestrictedUser', 'MultiUser')
        $allparams = $PSBoundParameters
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $RWExclusive -allparams $allparams
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $StatusExclusive -allparams $allparams
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $AccessExclusive -allparams $allparams
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $dbs = @()
        if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$DatabaseCollection -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue"
            return
        }

        if ($DatabaseCollection) {
            if ($DatabaseCollection.Database) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabaseState
                $dbs += $DatabaseCollection.Database
            }
            elseif ($DatabaseCollection.Name) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabase
                $dbs += $DatabaseCollection
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                $all_dbs = $server.Databases
                $dbs += $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }

                if ($database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $database -contains $_.Name }
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            }
        }

        # need to pick up here
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {
            if ($db.Name -in @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution')) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a system one, skipping"
                Continue
            }
            $dbStatuses = @{}
            $server = $db.Parent
            if ($server -notin $dbStatuses.Keys) {
                $dbStatuses[$server] = Get-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance $server
            }

            # normalizing properties returned by SMO to something more "fixed"
            $db_status = Get-DbState -DatabaseName $db.Name -dbStatuses $dbStatuses[$server]


            $warn = @()

            if ($db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a snapshot, skipping"
                Continue
            }

            if ($ReadOnly -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_ONLY') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_ONLY"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_ONLY")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_ONLY"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_ONLY" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.RW = 'READ_ONLY'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($ReadWrite -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_WRITE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_WRITE"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_WRITE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_WRITE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_WRITE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.RW = 'READ_WRITE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Online -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'ONLINE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already ONLINE"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to ONLINE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to ONLINE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "ONLINE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'ONLINE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Offline -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'OFFLINE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already OFFLINE"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to OFFLINE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to OFFLINE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'OFFLINE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Emergency -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'EMERGENCY') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already EMERGENCY"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to EMERGENCY")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to EMERGENCY"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "EMERGENCY" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'EMERGENCY'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($SingleUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'SINGLE_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already SINGLE_USER"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to SINGLE_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to SINGLE_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "SINGLE_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'SINGLE_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($RestrictedUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'RESTRICTED_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already RESTRICTED_USER"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to RESTRICTED_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to RESTRICTED_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "RESTRICTED_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'RESTRICTED_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($MultiUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'MULTI_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already MULTI_USER"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to MULTI_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to MULTI_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "MULTI_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'MULTI_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Detached -eq $true) {
                # Refresh info about database state here (before detaching)
                $db.Refresh()
                # we need to see what snaps are on the server, as base databases cannot be dropped
                $snaps = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0 }
                $snaps = $snaps.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName | Get-Unique
                if ($db.Name -in $snaps) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db has snapshots, you need to drop them before detaching, skipping..."
                    Continue
                }
                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true -or $db.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) {
                    if ($Force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Needs -Force to detach $db, skipping"
                        Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Break mirroring for $db")) {
                        try {
                            $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                            $db.Alter()
                            $db.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Broke mirroring for $db"
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not break mirror for $db. Skipping." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName) {
                    $agname = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing $db from AG [$agname]")) {
                        try {
                            $server.AvailabilityGroups[$db.AvailabilityGroupName].AvailabilityDatabases[$db.Name].Drop()
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Successfully removed $db from AG [$agname] on $server"
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $db from AG [$agname] on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # DBA 101 should encourage detaching just OFFLINE databases
                # we can do that here
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Detaching $db")) {
                    if ($db_status.Status -ne 'OFFLINE') {
                        $opstatus = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $true
                    }
                    try {
                        $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_detach_db N'$($db.Name)'"
                        Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql
                        $null = $server.Query($sql)
                        $db_status.Status = 'DETACHED'
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to detach $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        $warn += "Failed to detach"
                    }

                }

            }
            if ($warn) {
                $warn = $warn | Get-Unique
                $warn = $warn -Join ';'
            }
            else {
                $warn = $null
            }
            if ($Detached -eq $true) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW           = $db_status.RW
                    Status       = $db_status.Status
                    Access       = $db_status.Access
                    Notes        = $warn
                    Database     = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            }
            else {
                $db.Refresh()
                if ($null -eq $warn) {
                    # we avoid reenumerating properties
                    $newstate = $db_status
                }
                else {
                    $newstate = Get-DbState -databaseName $db.Name -dbStatuses $stateCache[$server]
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW           = $newstate.RW
                    Status       = $newstate.Status
                    Access       = $newstate.Access
                    Notes        = $warn
                    Database     = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            }
        }

    }

    end {

    }
}
function Set-DbaDbCompression {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets tables and indexes with preferred compression setting.
 
     .DESCRIPTION
        This function set the appropriate compression recommendation.
        Remember Uptime is critical, the longer uptime, the more accurate the analysis is.
        You would probably be best if you utilized Get-DbaUptime first, before running this command.
 
        Set-DbaDbCompression script derived from GitHub and the tigertoolbox
        (https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/tree/master/Evaluate-Compression-Gains)
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is autopopulated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is autopopulated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER MaxRunTime
            Will continue to Alter tables and indexes for the given amount of minutes.
 
    .PARAMETER PercentCompression
            Will only work on the tables/indexes that have the calculated savings at and higher for the given number provided.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Jason Squires (@js_0505, jstexasdba@gmail.com)
        Tags: Compression, Table, Database
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbCompression
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance localhost -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25
        Set the compression run time to 60 minutes and will start the compression of tables/indexes
        that have a difference of 25% or higher between current and recommended.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25 | Out-GridView
        Set the compression run time to 60 minutes and will start the compression of tables/indexes
        that have a difference of 25% or higher between current and recommended and the results into a nicely formated GridView.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -ExcludeDatabase Database -SqlCredential $cred -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25
        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases
        with the recommendation of either Page or Row
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = 'Server1','Server2'
        foreach ($svr in $servers)
        {
            Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance $svr -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25 | Export-Csv -Path C:\temp\CompressionAnalysisPAC.csv -Append
        }
 
        This produces a full list of all your servers listed and is pushed to a csv for you to analyize.
        Set the compression run time to 60 minutes and will start the compression of tables/indexes; across all listed servers;
        that have a difference of 25% or higher between current and recommended.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [int]$MaxRunTime,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [int]$PercentCompression,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
        $sql = "SET NOCOUNT ON;
                IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##setdbacompression' , 'U') IS NOT NULL
                DROP TABLE ##setdbacompression
 
                IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimateRow' , 'U') IS NOT NULL
                DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow
                IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimatePage' , 'U') IS NOT NULL
                DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage
                DECLARE @MaxRunTimeInMinutes INT = $MaxRunTime
                DECLARE @PercentCompressed INT = $PercentCompression
                DECLARE @CompressedCount INT;
                SET @CompressedCount = 0;
                DECLARE @StartTime DATETIME2;
                SET @StartTime = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
                CREATE TABLE ##setdbacompression (PK INT IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
                    ,[Schema] sysname
                    ,[TableName] sysname
                    ,[IndexName] sysname NULL
                    ,[Partition] int
                    ,[IndexID] int
                    ,[IndexType] VARCHAR(12)
                    ,[PercentScan] smallint
                    ,[PercentUpdate] smallint
                    ,[RowEstimatePercentOriginal] bigint
                    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal] bigint
                    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation] VARCHAR(7)
                    ,SizeCurrent bigint
                    ,SizeRequested bigint
                    ,PercentCompression numeric(10,2)
                    ,AlreadyProcessed BIT
                );
                CREATE TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow (
                    objname sysname
                    ,schname sysname
                    ,indid int
                    ,partnr int
                    ,SizeCurrent bigint
                    ,SizeRequested bigint
                    ,SampleCurrent bigint
                    ,SampleRequested bigint
                );
                CREATE TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage (
                    objname sysname
                    ,schname sysname
                    ,indid int
                    ,partnr int
                    ,SizeCurrent bigint
                    ,SizeRequested bigint
                    ,SampleCurrent bigint
                    ,SampleRequested bigint
                );
                INSERT INTO ##setdbacompression
                ([Schema]
                ,[TableName]
                ,[IndexName]
                ,[Partition]
                ,[IndexID]
                ,[IndexType]
                ,[PercentScan]
                ,[PercentUpdate]
                ,[AlreadyProcessed]
                )
                SELECT s.name AS [Schema], o.name AS [TableName], x.name AS [IndexName],
                       i.partition_number AS [Partition], i.Index_ID AS [IndexID], x.type_desc AS [IndexType],
                       i.range_scan_count * 100.0 / (i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count) AS [PercentScan],
                       i.leaf_update_count * 100.0 / (i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count) AS [PercentUpdate], 0 as AlreadyProcessed
                FROM sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats (db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL) i
                    INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON o.object_id = i.object_id
                    INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON o.schema_id = s.schema_id
                    INNER JOIN sys.indexes x ON x.object_id = i.object_id AND x.Index_ID = i.Index_ID
                    INNER JOIN sys.partitions p on x.object_id = p.object_id and x.Index_ID = p.Index_ID
                WHERE (i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count) <> 0
                    AND objectproperty(i.object_id,'IsUserTable') = 1 and p.data_compression_desc = 'NONE' and p.rows>0
                ORDER BY [TableName] ASC;
                DECLARE @schema sysname, @tbname sysname, @ixid int
                DECLARE cur CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR SELECT [Schema], [TableName], [IndexID] FROM ##setdbacompression
                OPEN cur
                FETCH NEXT FROM cur INTO @schema, @tbname, @ixid
                WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
                BEGIN
                    DECLARE @sqlcmd NVARCHAR(500)
                    SET @sqlcmd = 'EXEC sp_estimate_data_compression_savings ''' + @schema + ''', ''' + @tbname + ''', ''' + cast(@ixid as varchar)+ ''', NULL, ''ROW''';
                    INSERT INTO ##tmpEstimateRow
                    (objname
                    ,schname
                    ,indid
                    ,partnr
                    ,SizeCurrent
                    ,SizeRequested
                    ,SampleCurrent
                    ,SampleRequested
                    )
                    EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd
 
                    SET @sqlcmd = 'EXEC sp_estimate_data_compression_savings ''' + @schema + ''', ''' + @tbname + ''', ''' + cast(@ixid as varchar)+ ''', NULL, ''PAGE''';
                    INSERT INTO ##tmpEstimatePage
                    (objname
                    ,schname
                    ,indid
                    ,partnr
                    ,SizeCurrent
                    ,SizeRequested
                    ,SampleCurrent
                    ,SampleRequested
                    )
                    EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd
                    FETCH NEXT FROM cur INTO @schema, @tbname, @ixid
                END
                CLOSE cur
                DEALLOCATE cur;
                WITH tmp_cte (objname, schname, indid, pct_of_orig_row, pct_of_orig_page, SizeCurrent,SizeRequested)
                     AS (SELECT tr.objname,
                                tr.schname,
                                tr.indid,
                                ( tr.SampleRequested * 100 ) / CASE
                                                            WHEN tr.SampleCurrent = 0 THEN 1
                                                            ELSE tr.SampleCurrent
                                                          END AS pct_of_orig_row,
                                ( tp.SampleRequested * 100 ) / CASE
                                                            WHEN tp.SampleCurrent = 0 THEN 1
                                                            ELSE tp.SampleCurrent
                                                          END AS pct_of_orig_page,
                                tr.SizeCurrent,
                                tr.SizeRequested
                         FROM ##tmpestimaterow tr
                                INNER JOIN ##tmpestimatepage tp
                                        ON tr.objname = tp.objname
                                           AND tr.schname = tp.schname
                                           AND tr.indid = tp.indid
                                           AND tr.partnr = tp.partnr)
                UPDATE ##setdbacompression
                SET [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] = tcte.pct_of_orig_row,
                       [PageEstimatePercentOriginal] = tcte.pct_of_orig_page,
                       SizeCurrent=tcte.SizeCurrent,
                       SizeRequested=tcte.SizeRequested
                FROM tmp_cte tcte,
                       ##setdbacompression tcomp
                WHERE tcte.objname = tcomp.TableName
                       AND tcte.schname = tcomp.[schema]
                       AND tcte.indid = tcomp.IndexID;
                WITH tmp_cte2 (TableName, [schema], IndexID, [CompressionTypeRecommendation]
                     )
                     AS (SELECT TableName,
                                [schema],
                                IndexID,
                                CASE
                                  WHEN [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] >= 100
                                       AND [PageEstimatePercentOriginal] >= 100 THEN 'NO_GAIN'
                                  WHEN [PercentUpdate] >= 10 THEN 'ROW'
                                  WHEN [PercentScan] <= 1
                                       AND [PercentUpdate] <= 1
                                       AND [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] <
                                           [PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                                THEN
                                  'ROW'
                                  WHEN [PercentScan] <= 1
                                       AND [PercentUpdate] <= 1
                                       AND [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] >
                                           [PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                                THEN
                                  'PAGE'
                                  WHEN [PercentScan] >= 60
                                       AND [PercentUpdate] <= 5 THEN 'PAGE'
                                  WHEN [PercentScan] <= 35
                                       AND [PercentUpdate] <= 5 THEN 'NONE'
                                  ELSE 'ROW'
                                END
                         FROM ##setdbacompression)
                UPDATE ##setdbacompression
                SET [CompressionTypeRecommendation] =
                       tcte2.[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
                FROM tmp_cte2 tcte2,
                       ##setdbacompression tcomp2
                WHERE tcte2.TableName = tcomp2.TableName
                       AND tcte2.[schema] = tcomp2.[schema]
                       AND tcte2.IndexID = tcomp2.IndexID;
                UPDATE ##setdbacompression
                set PercentCompression = 100 -(cast([SizeRequested] as numeric(38,2)) * 100/([SizeCurrent]-ABS(SIGN([SizeCurrent]))+1))
                from ##setdbacompression
                SET NOCOUNT ON;
                DECLARE @UpTime VARCHAR(12), @StartDate DATETIME, @sqlmajorver int, @params NVARCHAR(500)
                SELECT @sqlmajorver = CONVERT(int, (@@microsoftversion / 0x1000000) & 0xff);
                IF @sqlmajorver = 9
                BEGIN
                    SET @sqlcmd = N'SELECT @StartDateOUT = login_time, @UpTimeOUT = DATEDIFF(mi, login_time, GETDATE()) FROM master..sysprocesses WHERE spid = 1';
                END
                ELSE
                BEGIN
                    SET @sqlcmd = N'SELECT @StartDateOUT = sqlserver_start_time, @UpTimeOUT = DATEDIFF(mi,sqlserver_start_time,GETDATE()) FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info';
                END
                SET @params = N'@StartDateOUT DATETIME OUTPUT, @UpTimeOUT VARCHAR(12) OUTPUT';
                EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd, @params, @StartDateOUT=@StartDate OUTPUT, @UpTimeOUT=@UpTime OUTPUT;
                DECLARE @PK INT
                ,@TableName VARCHAR(150)
                ,@DAD VARCHAR(25)
                ,@Partition INT
                ,@indexID INT
                ,@IndexName VARCHAR(250)
                ,@SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
                ,@IndexType VARCHAR(50)
                ,@CompressionTypeRecommendation VARCHAR(10);
             -- set the compression
                  DECLARE cCompress CURSOR FAST_FORWARD
                  FOR
                          SELECT [Schema]
                                   ,TableName
                                   ,Partition
                                   ,IndexName
                                   ,IndexType
                                   ,CompressionTypeRecommendation
                                   ,PK
                          FROM ##setdbacompression
                          WHERE CompressionTypeRecommendation <> 'NONE'
                                and AlreadyProcessed=0
                                and PercentCompression >=@PercentCompressed
                          ORDER BY SizeRequested ASC; /* start with smallest tables first */
                  OPEN cCompress
                  FETCH cCompress INTO @Schema, @TableName, @Partition, @IndexName, @IndexType,
                        @CompressionTypeRecommendation, @PK -- prime the cursor;
                  WHILE @@Fetch_Status = 0
                        BEGIN
                              IF @IndexType = 'Clustered'
                                 OR @IndexType = 'heap'
                                 SET @SQL = 'ALTER TABLE ' + @Schema + '.' + @TableName
                                     + ' Rebuild with (data_compression = '
                                     + @CompressionTypeRecommendation + ', SORT_IN_TEMPDB=ON)';
                              ELSE
                                 SET @SQL = 'ALTER INDEX ' + @IndexName + ' on ' + @Schema
                                     + '.' + @TableName
                                     + ' Rebuild with (data_compression = '
                                     + @CompressionTypeRecommendation + ',SORT_IN_TEMPDB=ON)';
                              IF DATEDIFF(mi, @StartTime, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) < @MaxRunTimeInMinutes
                                 BEGIN
                                    PRINT 'Compressing table/index: '
                                    + @Schema + '.' + @TableName;
                                    EXEC sp_executesql
                                    @SQL;
                                    Update ##setdbacompression
                                    SET AlreadyProcessed = 1
                                    WHERE PK = @PK;
                                    SET @CompressedCount = @CompressedCount
                                    + 1;
                                 END
                              ELSE
                                 BEGIN
                                       PRINT 'Max runtime reached. Some compression performed. Exiting...';
                                       BREAK
                                 END
                              FETCH cCompress INTO @Schema, @TableName, @Partition, @IndexName,
                                    @IndexType, @CompressionTypeRecommendation, @PK;
                        END
                  CLOSE cCompress;
                  DEALLOCATE cCompress;
                  SELECT
                   PK
                  ,DBName = DB_Name()
                  ,[Schema]
                  ,[TableName]
                  ,[IndexName]
                  ,[Partition]
                  ,[IndexID]
                  ,[IndexType]
                  ,[PercentScan]
                  ,[PercentUpdate]
                  ,[RowEstimatePercentOriginal]
                  ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                  ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
                  ,SizeCurrentKB = [SizeCurrent]
                  ,SizeRequestedKB = [SizeRequested]
                  ,PercentCompression
                  ,AlreadyProcessed
                  FROM ##setdbacompression
                  WHERE AlreadyProcessed=1;
                  IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##setdbacompression' , 'U') IS NOT NULL
                  DROP TABLE ##setdbacompression
 
                  IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimateRow' , 'U') IS NOT NULL
                  DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow
                  IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimatePage' , 'U') IS NOT NULL
                  DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage;"
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance" -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $Server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0

            #The reason why we do this is because of SQL 2016 and they now allow for compression on standard edition.
            if ($Server.EngineEdition -notmatch 'Enterprise' -and $Server.VersionMajor -lt '13') {
                Stop-Function -Message "Only SQL Server Enterprise Edition supports compression on $Server" -Target $Server -Continue
            }
            #If IncludeSystemDBs is true, include systemdbs
            #look at all databases, online/offline/accessible/inaccessible and tell user if a db can't be queried.
            try {
                $dbs = $server.Databases
                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name -and $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -EQ 0 }
                }

                else {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -EQ 0 }
                }

                if (Test-Bound "ExcludeDatabase") {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather list of databases for $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }


            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying $instance - $db"
                    if ($db.status -ne 'Normal' -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible." -Target $db

                        continue
                    }
                    if ($db.CompatibilityLevel -lt 'Version100') {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$db has a compatibility level lower than Version100 and will be skipped." -Target $db -Continue
                    }
                    #Execute query against individual database and add to output
                    foreach ($row in ($server.Query($sql, $db.Name))) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName                  = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database                      = $row.DBName
                            Schema                        = $row.Schema
                            TableName                     = $row.TableName
                            IndexName                     = $row.IndexName
                            Partition                     = $row.Partition
                            IndexID                       = $row.IndexID
                            IndexType                     = $row.IndexType
                            PercentScan                   = $row.PercentScan
                            PercentUpdate                 = $row.PercentUpdate
                            RowEstimatePercentOriginal    = $row.RowEstimatePercentOriginal
                            PageEstimatePercentOriginal   = $row.PageEstimatePercentOriginal
                            CompressionTypeRecommendation = $row.CompressionTypeRecommendation
                            SizeCurrentKB                 = $row.SizeCurrentKB
                            SizeRequestedKB               = $row.SizeRequestedKB
                            PercentCompression            = $row.PercentCompression
                            AlreadyProcesssed             = $row.AlreadyProcessed
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Configure Query Store settings for a specific or multiple databases.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Configure Query Store settings for a specific or multiple databases.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER AllDatabases
            Run command against all user databases
 
        .PARAMETER State
            Set the state of the Query Store. Valid options are "ReadWrite", "ReadOnly" and "Off".
 
        .PARAMETER FlushInterval
            Set the flush to disk interval of the Query Store in seconds.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectionInterval
            Set the runtime statistics collection interval of the Query Store in minutes.
 
        .PARAMETER MaxSize
            Set the maximum size of the Query Store in MB.
 
        .PARAMETER CaptureMode
            Set the query capture mode of the Query Store. Valid options are "Auto" and "All".
 
        .PARAMETER CleanupMode
            Set the query cleanup mode policy. Valid options are "Auto" and "Off".
 
        .PARAMETER StaleQueryThreshold
            Set the stale query threshold in days.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:
 
            Are you sure you want to perform this action?
            Performing the operation "Changing Desired State" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
            [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"):
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: QueryStore
            Author: Enrico van de Laar ( @evdlaar )
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaQueryStoreOptions
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -State ReadWrite -FlushInterval 600 -CollectionInterval 10 -MaxSize 100 -CaptureMode All -CleanupMode Auto -StaleQueryThreshold 100 -AllDatabases
 
            Configure the Query Store settings for all user databases in the ServerA\SQL Instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -FlushInterval 600
 
            Only configure the FlushInterval setting for all Query Store databases in the ServerA\SQL Instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -Database AdventureWorks -State ReadWrite -FlushInterval 600 -CollectionInterval 10 -MaxSize 100 -CaptureMode all -CleanupMode Auto -StaleQueryThreshold 100
 
            Configure the Query Store settings for the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL Instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -Exclude AdventureWorks -State ReadWrite -FlushInterval 600 -CollectionInterval 10 -MaxSize 100 -CaptureMode all -CleanupMode Auto -StaleQueryThreshold 100
 
            Configure the Query Store settings for all user databases except the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL Instance.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [ValidateSet('ReadWrite', 'ReadOnly', 'Off')]
        [string[]]$State,
        [int64]$FlushInterval,
        [int64]$CollectionInterval,
        [int64]$MaxSize,
        [ValidateSet('Auto', 'All')]
        [string[]]$CaptureMode,
        [ValidateSet('Auto', 'Off')]
        [string[]]$CleanupMode,
        [int64]$StaleQueryThreshold,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $ExcludeDatabase += 'master', 'tempdb'
    }

    process {
        if (!$Database -and !$ExcludeDatabase -and !$AllDatabases) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a database(s) to execute against using either -Database, -ExcludeDatabase or -AllDatabases"
            return
        }

        if (!$State -and !$FlushInterval -and !$CollectionInterval -and !$MaxSize -and !$CaptureMode -and !$CleanupMode -and !$StaleQueryThreshold) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify something to change."
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 13

            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $instance. Moving on." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # We have to exclude all the system databases since they cannot have the Query Store feature enabled
            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase -Database $Database | Where-Object IsAccessible

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name) on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db on server $instance is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    Continue
                }

                if ($State) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing DesiredState to $state")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.DesiredState = $State
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.Alter()
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.Refresh()
                    }
                }

                if ($db.QueryStoreOptions.DesiredState -eq "Off" -and (Test-Bound -Parameter State -Not)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "State is set to Off; cannot change values. Please update State to ReadOnly or ReadWrite."
                    Continue
                }

                if ($FlushInterval) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing DataFlushIntervalInSeconds to $FlushInterval")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.DataFlushIntervalInSeconds = $FlushInterval
                    }
                }

                if ($CollectionInterval) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes to $CollectionInterval")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes = $CollectionInterval
                    }
                }

                if ($MaxSize) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing MaxStorageSizeInMB to $MaxSize")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.MaxStorageSizeInMB = $MaxSize
                    }
                }

                if ($CaptureMode) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing QueryCaptureMode to $CaptureMode")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.QueryCaptureMode = $CaptureMode
                    }
                }

                if ($CleanupMode) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing SizeBasedCleanupMode to $CleanupMode")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.SizeBasedCleanupMode = $CleanupMode
                    }
                }

                if ($StaleQueryThreshold) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing StaleQueryThresholdInDays to $StaleQueryThreshold")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.StaleQueryThresholdInDays = $StaleQueryThreshold
                    }
                }

                # Alter the Query Store Configuration
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Altering Query Store configuration on database")) {
                    try {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.Alter()
                        $db.Alter()
                        $db.Refresh()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not modify configuration." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Getting results from Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions")) {
                    # Display resulting changes
                    Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.name -Verbose:$false
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel sets the Recovery Model.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel sets the Recovery Model for user databases.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance or instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER AllDatabases
            This is a parameter that was included for safety, so you don't accidentally set options on all databases without specifying
 
        .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
            Recovery Model to be set. Valid options are 'Simple', 'Full', 'BulkLogged'
 
            Details about the recovery models can be found here:
            https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/backup-restore/recovery-models-sql-server
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts for confirmation. For example:
 
            Are you sure you want to perform this action?
            Performing the operation "ALTER DATABASE [model] SET RECOVERY Full" on target "[model] on WERES14224".
            [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"):
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Recovery, RecoveryModel, Simple, Full, Bulk, BulkLogged
            Author: Viorel Ciucu (@viorelciucu), https://www.cviorel.com
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel BulkLogged -Database model -Confirm:$true -Verbose
 
            Sets the Recovery Model to BulkLogged for database [model] on SQL Server instance sql2014. User is requested to confirm the action.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database TestDB | Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -RecoveryModel Simple -Confirm:$false
 
            Sets the Recovery Model to Simple for database [TestDB] on SQL Server instance sql2014. Confirmation is not required.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel Simple -Database TestDB -Confirm:$false
 
            Sets the Recovery Model to Simple for database [TestDB] on SQL Server instance sql2014. Confirmation is not required.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel Simple -AllDatabases -Confirm:$false
 
            Sets the Recovery Model to Simple for ALL uses databases MODEL database on SQL Server instance sql2014. Runs without asking for confirmation.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel BulkLogged -Database TestDB1, TestDB2 -Confirm:$false -Verbose
 
            Sets the Recovery Model to BulkLogged for [TestDB1] and [TestDB2] databases on SQL Server instance sql2014. Runs without asking for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('Simple', 'Full', 'BulkLogged')]
        [string]$RecoveryModel,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Pipeline")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$DatabaseCollection
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify -AllDatabases or -Database to continue"
                return
            }

            # We need to be able to change the RecoveryModel for model database
            $systemdbs = @("tempdb")
            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $systemdbs -notcontains $_.Name -and $_.IsAccessible }

            # filter collection based on -Database/-Exclude parameters
            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (!$databases) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database(s) you specified do not exist on the instance $instance."
                return
            }

            $DatabaseCollection += $databases
        }

        foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
            if ($db.RecoveryModel -eq $RecoveryModel) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Recovery Model for database $db is already set to $RecoveryModel" -Category ConnectionError -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            else {
                $db.RecoveryModel = $RecoveryModel;
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "ALTER DATABASE $db SET RECOVERY $RecoveryModel")) {
                    $db.Alter()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recovery Model set to $RecoveryModel for database $db"
                }
            }
            Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $db.name
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaJobOwner {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets SQL Agent job owners with a desired login if jobs do not match that owner.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function alters SQL Agent Job ownership to match a specified login if their current owner does not match the target login. By default, the target login will be 'sa', but the the user may specify a different login for ownership. This be applied to all jobs or only to a select collection of jobs.
 
            Best practice reference: http://sqlmag.com/blog/sql-server-tip-assign-ownership-jobs-sysadmin-account
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Job
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            Specifies the job(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            Specifies the job(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaJobOwner
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Sets SQL Agent Job owner to sa on all jobs where the owner does not match sa.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -Login DOMAIN\account
 
            Sets SQL Agent Job owner to sa on all jobs where the owner does not match 'DOMAIN\account'. Note
            that Login must be a valid security principal that exists on the target server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -Job job1, job2
 
            Sets SQL Agent Job owner to 'sa' on the job1 and job2 jobs if their current owner does not match 'sa'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            'sqlserver','sql2016' | Set-DbaJobOwner
 
            Sets SQL Agent Job owner to sa on all jobs where the owner does not match sa on both sqlserver and sql2016.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Jobs")]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [Alias("TargetLogin")]
        [string]$Login,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($servername in $SqlInstance) {
            #connect to the instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $servername."
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance $servername -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if (!$Login) {
                $Login = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Validate login
            if (($server.Logins.Name) -notcontains $Login) {
                if ($SqlInstance.count -eq 1) {
                    throw -Message "Invalid login: $Login."
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$Login is not a valid login on $servername. Moving on."
                    Continue
                }
            }

            if ($server.logins[$Login].LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup') {
                throw "$Login is a Windows Group and can not be a job owner."
            }

            #Get database list. If value for -Job is passed, massage to make it a string array.
            #Otherwise, use all jobs on the instance where owner not equal to -TargetLogin
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering jobs to update."

            if ($Job) {
                $jobcollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -ne $Login -and $Job -contains $_.Name }
            }
            else {
                $jobcollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -ne $Login }
            }

            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobcollection = $jobcollection | Where-Object { $ExcludeJob -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $($jobcollection.Count) job(s)."
            foreach ($j in $jobcollection) {
                $jobname = $j.name

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($servername, "Setting job owner for $jobname to $Login")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting job owner for $jobname to $Login on $servername."
                        #Set job owner to $TargetLogin (default 'sa')
                        $j.OwnerLoginName = $Login
                        $j.Alter()
                    }
                    catch {
                        # write-exception writes the full exception to file
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting job owner on $jobName." -Target $jobName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Category InvalidOperation
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaLogin {

    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Set-DbaLogin makes it possible to make changes to one or more logins.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Set-DbaLogin will enable you to change the password, unlock, rename, disable or enable, deny or grant login privileges to the login.
    It's also possible to add or remove server roles from the login.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
    $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
    To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Login
    The login that needs to be changed
 
    .PARAMETER Password
    The new password for the login This can be either a credential or a secure string.
 
    .PARAMETER Unlock
    Switch to unlock an account. This will only be used in conjunction with the -Password parameter.
    The default is false.
 
    .PARAMETER MustChange
    Does the user need to change his/her password. This will only be used in conjunction with the -Password parameter.
    The default is false.
 
    .PARAMETER NewName
    The new name for the login.
 
    .PARAMETER Disable
    Disable the login
 
    .PARAMETER Enable
    Enable the login
 
    .PARAMETER DenyLogin
    Deny access to SQL Server
 
    .PARAMETER GrantLogin
    Grant access to SQL Server
 
    .PARAMETER AddRole
    Add one or more server roles to the login
    The following roles can be used "bulkadmin", "dbcreator", "diskadmin", "processadmin", "public", "securityadmin", "serveradmin", "setupadmin", "sysadmin".
 
    .PARAMETER RemoveRole
    Remove one or more server roles to the login
    The following roles can be used "bulkadmin", "dbcreator", "diskadmin", "processadmin", "public", "securityadmin", "serveradmin", "setupadmin", "sysadmin".
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Original Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
    Tags: Login
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaLogin
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $password = ConvertTo-SecureString "PlainTextPassword" -AsPlainText -Force
    $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("username", $password)
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -Password $cred -Unlock -MustChange
 
    Set the new password for login1 using a credential, unlock the account and set the option
    that the usermust change password at next logon.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -Enable
 
    Enable the login
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1, login2, login3, login4 -Enable
 
    Enable multiple logins
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Login login1, login2, login3, login4 -Enable
 
    Enable multiple logins on multiple instances
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -Disable
 
    Disable the login
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -DenyLogin
 
    Deny the login to connect to the instance
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -GrantLogin
 
    Grant the login to connect to the instance
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login test -AddRole serveradmin
 
    Add the server role "serveradmin" to the login
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login test -RemoveRole bulkadmin
 
    Remove the server role "bulkadmin" to the login
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string[]]$Login,
        [object]$Password,
        [switch]$Unlock,
        [switch]$MustChange,
        [string]$NewName,
        [switch]$Disable,
        [switch]$Enable,
        [switch]$DenyLogin,
        [switch]$GrantLogin,
        [ValidateSet("bulkadmin", "dbcreator", "diskadmin", "processadmin", "public", "securityadmin", "serveradmin", "setupadmin", "sysadmin")]
        [string[]]$AddRole,
        [ValidateSet("bulkadmin", "dbcreator", "diskadmin", "processadmin", "public", "securityadmin", "serveradmin", "setupadmin", "sysadmin")]
        [string[]]$RemoveRole,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # Check the parameters
        if ($Login -eq $NewName) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Login name is the same as the value in -NewName" -Target $Login -Continue
        }

        if ($Disable -and $Enable) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You cannot use both -Enable and -Disable together" -Target $Login -Continue
        }

        if ($GrantLogin -and $DenyLogin) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You cannot use both -GrantLogin and -DenyLogin together" -Target $Login -Continue
        }

        # Check the password
        if ($Password) {
            switch ($Password.GetType().Name) {
                "PSCredential" { $newPassword = $Password.Password}
                "SecureString" { $newPassword = $Password}
            }
        }
        else {
        }

    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get all the logins
            $allLogins = $server.Logins | Where-Object {($_.IsSystemObject -eq $false) -and ($_.Name -notlike '##*')}
            $logins = $server.Logins | Where-Object {$Login -contains $_.Name}

            # Loop through all the logins
            foreach ($l in $logins) {

                # Create the notes
                $notes = @()

                # Change the name
                if ($NewName) {
                    # Check if the new name doesn't already exist
                    if ($allLogins.Name -notcontains $NewName) {
                        try {
                            $l.Rename($NewName)
                        }
                        catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't rename login"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the name for $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $notes += "New login name already exists"
                        Write-Message -Message "New login name $NewName already exists on $instance" -Level Verbose
                    }
                }

                # Change the password
                if ($Password) {
                    try {
                        $l.ChangePassword($newPassword, $Unlock, $MustChange)
                        $passwordChanged = $true
                    }
                    catch {
                        $notes += "Couldn't change password"
                        $passwordChanged = $false
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the password for $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                # Disable the login
                if ($Disable) {
                    if ($l.IsDisabled) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l is already disabled" -Level Verbose
                    }
                    else {
                        try {
                            $l.Disable()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't disable login"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong disabling $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Enable the login
                if ($Enable) {
                    if (-not $l.IsDisabled) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l is already enabled" -Level Verbose
                    }
                    else {
                        try {
                            $l.Enable()
                        }
                        catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't enable login"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong enabling $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Deny access
                if ($DenyLogin) {
                    if ($l.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l already has login access denied" -Level Verbose
                    }
                    else {
                        $l.DenyWindowsLogin = $true
                    }
                }

                # Grant access
                if ($GrantLogin) {
                    if (-not $l.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l already has login access granted" -Level Verbose
                    }
                    else {
                        $l.DenyWindowsLogin = $false
                    }
                }

                # Add server roles to login
                if ($AddRole) {
                    # Loop through each of the roles
                    foreach ($role in $AddRole) {
                        try {
                            $l.AddToRole($role)
                        }
                        catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't add role $role"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong adding role $role to $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Remove server roles from login
                if ($RemoveRole) {
                    # Loop through each of the roles
                    foreach ($role in $RemoveRole) {
                        try {
                            $server.Roles[$role].DropMember($l.Name)
                        }
                        catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't remove role $role"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing role $role to $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Alter the login to make the changes
                $l.Alter()

                # Retrieve the server roles for the login
                $roles = Get-DbaRoleMember -SqlInstance $instance -IncludeServerLevel | Where-Object {$null -eq $_.Database -and $_.Member -eq $l.Name}

                # Check if there were any notes to include in the results
                if ($notes) {
                    $notes = $notes | Get-Unique
                    $notes = $notes -Join ';'
                }
                else {
                    $notes = $null
                }

                # Return the results
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    LoginName          = $l.Name
                    DenyLogin          = $l.DenyWindowsLogin
                    IsDisabled         = $l.IsDisabled
                    IsLocked           = $l.IsLocked
                    MustChangePassword = $l.MustChangePassword
                    PasswordChanged    = $passwordChanged
                    ServerRole         = $roles.Role -join ","
                    Notes              = $notes
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Login

            } # end for each login

        } # end for each instance

    } # end process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing login(s)" -Level Verbose
    }


}
function Set-DbaMaxDop {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets SQL Server maximum degree of parallelism (Max DOP), then displays information relating to SQL Server Max DOP configuration settings. Works on SQL Server 2005 and higher.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Uses the Test-DbaMaxDop command to get the recommended value if -MaxDop parameter is not specified.
 
            These are just general recommendations for SQL Server and are a good starting point for setting the "max degree of parallelism" option.
 
            You can set MaxDop database scoped configurations if the server is version 2016 or higher
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more databases to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies one or more databases to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER MaxDop
            Specifies the Max DOP value to set.
 
        .PARAMETER AllDatabases
            If this switch is enabled, Max DOP will be set on all databases. This switch is only useful on SQL Server 2016 and higher.
 
        .PARAMETER Collection
            If Test-SQLMaxDop has been executed prior to this function, the results may be passed in via this parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Author: Claudio Silva (@claudioessilva)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaMaxDop
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012
 
            Sets Max DOP to the recommended value for servers sql2008 and sql2012.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2014 -MaxDop 4
 
            Sets Max DOP to 4 for server sql2014.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2008 | Set-DbaMaxDop
 
            Gets the recommended Max DOP from Test-DbaMaxDop and applies it to to sql2008.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1
 
            Set recommended Max DOP for database db1 on server sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2016 -AllDatabases
 
            Set recommended Max DOP for all databases on server sql2016.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [int]$MaxDop = -1,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [object]$Collection,
        [Alias("All")]
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $processed = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
        $results = @()
    }
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter Database) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter AllDatabases) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter ExcludeDatabase)) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "-Database, -AllDatabases and -ExcludeDatabase are mutually exclusive. Please choose only one. Quitting."
            return
        }

        $dbscopedconfiguration = $false

        if ($MaxDop -eq -1) {
            $UseRecommended = $true
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter Collection)) {
            $collection = Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Verbose:$false
        }
        elseif ($null -eq $collection.SqlInstance) {
            $collection = Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Verbose:$false
        }

        $collection | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName OldInstanceMaxDopValue -NotePropertyValue 0
        $collection | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName OldDatabaseMaxDopValue -NotePropertyValue 0

        #If we have servers 2016 or higher we will have a row per database plus the instance level, getting unique we only run one time per instance
        $servers = $collection | Select-Object SqlInstance -Unique

        foreach ($server in $servers) {
            $servername = $server.SqlInstance

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $servername"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $servername -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $servername -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $server)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $server. Skipping." -Category PermissionDenied -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $currentServer -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -ge 13) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server '$servername' supports Max DOP configuration per database."

                if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter Database) -and (Test-Bound -Not -Parameter ExcludeDatabase)) {
                    #Set at instance level
                    $collection = $collection | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseMaxDop -eq "N/A" }
                }
                else {
                    $dbscopedconfiguration = $true

                    if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter AllDatabases) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter Database)) {
                        $collection = $collection | Where-Object { $_.Database -in $Database }
                    }
                    elseif ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter AllDatabases) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter ExcludeDatabase)) {
                        $collection = $collection | Where-Object { $_.Database -notin $ExcludeDatabase }
                    }
                    else {
                        if (Test-Bound -Parameter AllDatabases) {
                            $collection = $collection | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseMaxDop -ne "N/A" }
                        }
                        else {
                            $collection = $collection | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseMaxDop -eq "N/A" }
                            $dbscopedconfiguration = $false
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                if ((Test-Bound -Parameter database) -or (Test-Bound -Parameter AllDatabases)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server '$servername' (v$($server.versionMajor)) does not support Max DOP configuration at the database level. Remember that this option is only available from SQL Server 2016 (v13). Run the command again without using database related parameters. Skipping."
                    Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($row in $collection | Where-Object { $_.SqlInstance -eq $servername }) {
                if ($UseRecommended -and ($row.RecommendedMaxDop -eq $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop) -and !($dbscopedconfiguration)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$servername is configured properly. No change required."
                    Continue
                }

                if ($UseRecommended -and ($row.RecommendedMaxDop -eq $row.DatabaseMaxDop) -and $dbscopedconfiguration) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database $($row.Database) on $servername is configured properly. No change required."
                    Continue
                }

                $row.OldInstanceMaxDopValue = $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop

                try {
                    if ($UseRecommended) {
                        if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                            $row.OldDatabaseMaxDopValue = $row.DatabaseMaxDop

                            if ($resetDatabases) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $($row.Database) database max DOP to $($row.DatabaseMaxDop)."
                                $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].MaxDop = $row.DatabaseMaxDop
                            }
                            else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $($row.Database) database max DOP from $($row.DatabaseMaxDop) to $($row.RecommendedMaxDop)."
                                $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].MaxDop = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                                $row.DatabaseMaxDop = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                            }

                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $server SQL Server max DOP from $($row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop) to $($row.RecommendedMaxDop)."
                            $server.Configuration.MaxDegreeOfParallelism.ConfigValue = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                            $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                            $row.OldDatabaseMaxDopValue = $row.DatabaseMaxDop

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $($row.Database) database max DOP from $($row.DatabaseMaxDop) to $MaxDop."
                            $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].MaxDop = $MaxDop
                            $row.DatabaseMaxDop = $MaxDop
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $servername SQL Server max DOP from $($row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop) to $MaxDop."
                            $server.Configuration.MaxDegreeOfParallelism.ConfigValue = $MaxDop
                            $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $MaxDop
                        }
                    }

                    if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($row.Database, "Setting max dop on database")) {
                            $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].Alter()
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($servername, "Setting max dop on instance")) {
                            $server.Configuration.Alter()
                        }
                    }

                    $results += [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName           = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName           = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        InstanceVersion        = $row.InstanceVersion
                        Database               = $row.Database
                        DatabaseMaxDop         = $row.DatabaseMaxDop
                        CurrentInstanceMaxDop  = $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop
                        RecommendedMaxDop      = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                        OldDatabaseMaxDopValue = $row.OldDatabaseMaxDopValue
                        OldInstanceMaxDopValue = $row.OldInstanceMaxDopValue
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not modify Max Degree of Parallelism for $server."  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property InstanceName, Database, OldDatabaseMaxDopValue, @{ name = "CurrentDatabaseMaxDopValue"; expression = { $_.DatabaseMaxDop } }
            }
            else {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property InstanceName, OldInstanceMaxDopValue, CurrentInstanceMaxDop
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Set-DbaMaxMemory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets SQL Server 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting to a new value then displays information this setting.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Sets SQL Server max memory then displays information relating to SQL Server Max Memory configuration settings.
 
            Inspired by Jonathan Kehayias's post about SQL Server Max memory (http://bit.ly/sqlmemcalc), this uses a formula to
            determine the default optimum RAM to use, then sets the SQL max value to that number.
 
            Jonathan notes that the formula used provides a *general recommendation* that doesn't account for everything that may
            be going on in your specific environment.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
        .PARAMETER MaxMB
            Specifies the max megabytes
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials
            being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: MaxMemory, Memory
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaMaxMemory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaMaxMemory sqlserver1
 
            Set max memory to the recommended MB on just one server named "sqlserver1"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlserver1 -MaxMB 2048
 
            Explicitly max memory to 2048 MB on just one server, "sqlserver1"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver | Test-DbaMaxMemory | Where-Object { $_.SqlMaxMB -gt $_.TotalMB } | Set-DbaMaxMemory
 
            Find all servers in SQL Server Central Management server that have Max SQL memory set to higher than the total memory
            of the server (think 2147483647), then pipe those to Set-DbaMaxMemory and use the default recommendation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Position = 1)]
        [int]$MaxMB,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -Parameter Collection)) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You must specify a server list source using -SqlInstance or you can pipe results from Test-DbaMaxMemory"
            return
        }

        if ($MaxMB -eq 0) {
            $UseRecommended = $true
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $server)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $server. Skipping." -Category PermissionDenied -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            try {
                $currentServer = Test-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance $server
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentServer -NotePropertyName OldMaxValue -NotePropertyValue 0
                $currentServer.OldMaxValue = $currentServer.SqlMaxMB
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Mesage "Issue collecting memory information on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -InnerException $_.Exception -Continue
            }

            try {
                if ($UseRecommended) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Change $server SQL Server Max Memory from $($currentServer.SqlMaxMB) to $($currentServer.RecommendedMB) MB"

                    if ($currentServer.RecommendedMB -eq 0 -or $null -eq $currentServer.RecommendedMB) {
                        $maxMem = (Test-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance $server).RecommendedMB
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Max memory recommended: $maxMem"
                        $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = $maxMem
                    }
                    else {
                        $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = $currentServer.RecommendedMB
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Change $server SQL Server Max Memory from $($currentServer.SqlMaxMB) to $MaxMB MB"
                    $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = $MaxMB
                }
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Change Max Memory from $($currentServer.OldMaxValue) to $($server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue)")) {
                    try {
                        $server.Configuration.Alter()
                        $currentServer.SqlMaxMB = $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to apply configuration change for $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not modify Max Server Memory for $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -InputObject $currentServer -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CurrentMaxValue -Value $currentServer.SqlMaxMB
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentServer -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, TotalMB, OldMaxValue, CurrentMaxValue
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Set-DbaNetworkCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the network certificate for SQL Server instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the network certificate for SQL Server instance. This setting is found in Configuration Manager.
 
        This command also grants read permissions for the service account on the certificate's private key.
 
        References:
        http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/7-steps-ssl-encryption
        https://azurebi.jppp.org/2016/01/23/using-lets-encrypt-certificates-for-secure-sql-server-connections/
        https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlserverfaq/2016/09/26/creating-and-registering-ssl-certificates/
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server - defaults to localhost.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not sql instance) using alternative credentials.
 
    .PARAMETER Certificate
        The target certificate object
 
    .PARAMETER Thumbprint
        The thumbprint of the target certificate
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaComputerCertificate | Set-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance localhost\SQL2008R2SP2
 
        Creates and imports a new certificate signed by an Active Directory CA on localhost then sets the network certificate for the SQL2008R2SP2 to that newly created certificate.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Set-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance sql1\SQL2008R2SP2 -Thumbprint 1223FB1ACBCA44D3EE9640F81B6BA14A92F3D6E2
 
        Sets the network certificate for the SQL2008R2SP2 instance to the certificate with the thumbprint of 1223FB1ACBCA44D3EE9640F81B6BA14A92F3D6E2 in LocalMachine\My on sql1
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low", DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [PSCredential]

        $Credential,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Certificate", ValueFromPipeline)]
        [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2]
        $Certificate,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Thumbprint")]
        [string]
        $Thumbprint,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $Certificate
        if (!$Certificate -and !$Thumbprint) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a certificate or thumbprint"
            return
        }

        if (!$Thumbprint) {
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Getting thumbprint"
            $Thumbprint = $Certificate.Thumbprint
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname"
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            $computername = $instance.ComputerName
            $instancename = $instance.instancename
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Connecting to SQL WMI on $computername"

            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instancename)"
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            if (-not $sqlwmi) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot find $instancename on $computerName" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regroot = $args[0]
                $serviceaccount = $args[1]
                $instancename = $args[2]
                $vsname = $args[3]
                $Thumbprint = $args[4]

                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$regroot\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"

                $oldthumbprint = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate

                $cert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine -Recurse -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $Thumbprint }

                if ($null -eq $cert) {
                    Write-Warning "Certificate does not exist on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                    return
                }

                $permission = $serviceaccount, "Read", "Allow"
                $accessRule = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule -ArgumentList $permission

                $keyPath = $env:ProgramData + "\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\"
                $keyName = $cert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName
                $keyFullPath = $keyPath + $keyName

                $acl = Get-Acl -Path $keyFullPath
                $null = $acl.AddAccessRule($accessRule)
                Set-Acl -Path $keyFullPath -AclObject $acl

                if ($acl) {
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate -Value $Thumbprint.ToString().ToLower() # to make it compat with SQL config
                }
                else {
                    Write-Warning "Read-only permissions could not be granted to certificate"
                    return
                }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($oldthumbprint)) {
                    $notes = "Granted $serviceaccount read access to certificate private key. Replaced thumbprint: $oldthumbprint."
                }
                else {
                    $notes = "Granted $serviceaccount read access to certificate private key"
                }

                $newthumbprint = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $instancename
                    SqlInstance           = $vsname
                    ServiceAccount        = $serviceaccount
                    CertificateThumbprint = $newthumbprint
                    Notes                 = $notes
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instanceName to import new cert")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $serviceaccount, $instancename, $vsname, $Thumbprint -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaPowerPlan {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets the SQL Server OS's Power Plan.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Sets the SQL Server OS's Power Plan. Defaults to High Performance which is best practice.
 
            If your organization uses a custom power plan that is considered best practice, specify -CustomPowerPlan.
 
            References:
            https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2207548
            http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/windows-power-plan-effects-on-newer-intel-processors/
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The server(s) to set the Power Plan on.
 
        .PARAMETER PowerPlan
            Specifies the Power Plan that you wish to use. Valid options for this match the Windows default Power Plans of "Power Saver", "Balanced", and "High Performance".
 
        .PARAMETER CustomPowerPlan
            Specifies the name of a custom Power Plan to use.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Requires: WMI access to servers
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaPowerPlan
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
            Sets the Power Plan to High Performance. Skips it if its already set.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlcluster -CustomPowerPlan 'Maximum Performance'
 
            Sets the Power Plan to the custom power plan called "Maximum Performance". Skips it if its already set.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [object[]]$ComputerName,
        [ValidateSet('High Performance', 'Balanced', 'Power saver')]
        [string]$PowerPlan = 'High Performance',
        [string]$CustomPowerPlan
    )

    begin {
        if ($CustomPowerPlan.Length -gt 0) {
            $PowerPlan = $CustomPowerPlan
        }

        function Set-DbaPowerPlan {
            try {
                Write-Verbose "Testing connection to $server and resolving IP address."
                $ipaddr = (Test-Connection $server -Count 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Ipv4Address | Select-Object -First 1

            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Can't connect to $server."
                return
            }

            try {
                Write-Verbose "Getting Power Plan information from $server."
                $query = "Select ElementName from Win32_PowerPlan WHERE IsActive = 'true'"
                $currentplan = Get-WmiObject -Namespace Root\CIMV2\Power -ComputerName $ipaddr -Query $query -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                $currentplan = $currentplan.ElementName
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Can't connect to WMI on $server."
                return
            }

            if ($null -eq $currentplan) {
                # the try/catch above isn't working, so make it silent and handle it here.
                Write-Warning "Cannot get Power Plan for $server."
                return
            }

            $planinfo = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Server            = $server
                PreviousPowerPlan = $currentplan
                ActivePowerPlan   = $PowerPlan
            }

            if ($PowerPlan -ne $currentplan) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Changing Power Plan from $CurrentPlan to $PowerPlan")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Verbose "Setting Power Plan to $PowerPlan."
                        $null = (Get-WmiObject -Name root\cimv2\power -ComputerName $ipaddr -Class Win32_PowerPlan -Filter "ElementName='$PowerPlan'").Activate()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Exception $_
                        Write-Warning "Couldn't set Power Plan on $server."
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Stating power plan is already set to $PowerPlan, won't change.")) {
                    Write-Warning "PowerPlan on $server is already set to $PowerPlan. Skipping."
                }
            }

            return $planinfo
        }


        $collection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
        $processed = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
    }

    process {
        foreach ($server in $ComputerName) {
            if ($server -match 'Server\=') {
                Write-Verbose "Matched that value was piped from Test-DbaPowerPlan."
                # I couldn't properly unwrap the output from Test-DbaPowerPlan so here goes.
                $lol = $server.Split("\;")[0]
                $lol = $lol.TrimEnd("\}")
                $lol = $lol.TrimStart("\@\{Server")
                # There was some kind of parsing bug here, don't clown
                $server = $lol.TrimStart("\=")
            }

            if ($server -match '\\') {
                $server = $server.Split('\\')[0]
            }

            if ($server -notin $processed) {
                $null = $processed.Add($server)
                Write-Verbose "Connecting to $server."
            }
            else {
                continue
            }

            $data = Set-DbaPowerPlan $server

            if ($data.Count -gt 1) {
                $data.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object { $null = $collection.Add($_) }
            }
            else {
                $null = $collection.Add($data)
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing results")) {
            return $collection
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaPrivilege {
    <#
      .SYNOPSIS
      Adds the SQL Service account to local privileges on one or more computers.
 
      .DESCRIPTION
      Adds the SQL Service account to local privileges 'Lock Pages in Memory', 'Instant File Initialization', 'Logon as Batch' on one or more computers.
 
      Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
      .PARAMETER ComputerName
      The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
      .PARAMETER Credential
      Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
      .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
      .PARAMETER Type
      Use this to choose the privilege(s) to which you want to add the SQL Service account.
      Accepts 'IFI', 'LPIM' and/or 'BatchLogon' for local privileges 'Instant File Initialization', 'Lock Pages in Memory' and 'Logon as Batch'.
 
      .NOTES
      Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )
      Tags: Privilege
      Website: https://dbatools.io
      Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
      License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
      https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaPrivilege
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Set-DbaPrivilege -ComputerName sqlserver2014a -Type LPIM,IFI
 
      Adds the SQL Service account(s) on computer sqlserver2014a to the local privileges 'SeManageVolumePrivilege' and 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege'.
 
      .EXAMPLE
      'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Set-DbaPrivilege -Type IFI
 
      Adds the SQL Service account(s) on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 to the local privilege 'SeManageVolumePrivilege'.
 
  #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [dbainstanceparameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateSet('IFI', 'LPIM', 'BatchLogon')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin {
        $ResolveAccountToSID = @"
function Convert-UserNameToSID ([string] `$Acc ) {
`$objUser = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount(`"`$Acc`")
`$strSID = `$objUser.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
`$strSID.Value
}
"@
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName.ComputerName | Select-Object -Unique
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer"
                $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Computer -Continue
                if (Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Computer) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Privileges on $Computer"
                    Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock {
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); secedit /export /cfg $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg > $NULL;
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Service Accounts on $computer"
                    $SQLServiceAccounts = (Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $computer -Type Engine).StartName
                    if ($SQLServiceAccounts.count -ge 1) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting Privileges on $Computer"
                        Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -Verbose -ArgumentList $ResolveAccountToSID, $SQLServiceAccounts, $BatchLogon, $IFI, $LPIM -ScriptBlock {
                            [CmdletBinding()]
                            Param ($ResolveAccountToSID,
                                $SQLServiceAccounts,
                                $BatchLogon,
                                $IFI,
                                $LPIM)
                            . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveAccountToSID))
                            $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                            $tempfile = "$temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg"
                            if ('BatchLogon' -in $Type) {
                                $BLline = Get-Content $tempfile | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeBatchLogonRight" }
                                ForEach ($acc in $SQLServiceAccounts) {
                                    $SID = Convert-UserNameToSID -Acc $acc;
                                    if ($BLline -notmatch $SID) {
                                        (Get-Content $tempfile) -replace "SeBatchLogonRight = ", "SeBatchLogonRight = *$SID," |
                                        Set-Content $tempfile
                                        Write-Verbose "Added $acc to Batch Logon Privileges on $env:ComputerName"
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        Write-Warning "$acc already has Batch Logon Privilege on $env:ComputerName"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            if ('IFI' -in $Type) {
                                $IFIline = Get-Content $tempfile | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeManageVolumePrivilege" }
                                ForEach ($acc in $SQLServiceAccounts) {
                                    $SID = Convert-UserNameToSID -Acc $acc;
                                    if ($IFIline -notmatch $SID) {
                                        (Get-Content $tempfile) -replace "SeManageVolumePrivilege = ", "SeManageVolumePrivilege = *$SID," |
                                        Set-Content $tempfile
                                        Write-Verbose "Added $acc to Instant File Initialization Privileges on $env:ComputerName"
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        Write-Warning "$acc already has Instant File Initialization Privilege on $env:ComputerName"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            if ('LPIM' -in $Type) {
                                $LPIMline = Get-Content $tempfile | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeLockMemoryPrivilege" }
                                ForEach ($acc in $SQLServiceAccounts) {
                                    $SID = Convert-UserNameToSID -Acc $acc;
                                    if ($LPIMline -notmatch $SID) {
                                        (Get-Content $tempfile) -replace "SeLockMemoryPrivilege = ", "SeLockMemoryPrivilege = *$SID," |
                                        Set-Content $tempfile
                                        Write-Verbose "Added $acc to Lock Pages in Memory Privileges on $env:ComputerName"
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        Write-Warning "$acc already has Lock Pages in Memory Privilege on $env:ComputerName"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            $null = secedit /configure /cfg $tempfile /db secedit.sdb /areas USER_RIGHTS /overwrite /quiet
                        } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing secpol file on $computer"
                        Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); Remove-Item $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg -Force > $NULL }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No SQL Service Accounts found on $Computer"
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Changes the server level system configuration (sys.configuration/sp_configure) value for a given configuration
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function changes the configured value for sp_configure settings. If the setting is dynamic this setting will be used, otherwise the user will be warned that a restart of SQL is required.
            This is designed to be safe and will not allow for configurations to be set outside of the defined configuration min and max values.
            While it is possible to set below the min, or above the max this can cause serious problems with SQL Server (including startup failures), and so is not permitted.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a
            collection and receive pipeline input
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            PSCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER ConfigName
            The name of the configuration to be set -- Configs is auto-populated for tabbing convenience.
 
        .PARAMETER Value
            The new value for the configuration
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
        .PARAMETER Mode
            Default: Strict
            How strict does the command take lesser issues?
            Strict: Interrupt if the configuration already has the same value as the one specified.
            Lazy: Silently skip over instances that already have this configuration at the specified value.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SpConfigure
            Author: Nic Cain, https://sirsql.net/
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaSpConfigure
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost -ConfigName ScanForStartupProcedures -value 1
 
            Adjusts the Scan for startup stored procedures configuration value to 1 and notifies the user that this requires a SQL restart to take effect
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost -ConfigName XPCmdShellEnabled -value 1
 
            Adjusts the xp_cmdshell configuration value to 1.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost -ConfigName XPCmdShellEnabled -value 1 -WhatIf
 
            Returns information on the action that would be performed. No actual change will be made.
        #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("NewValue", "NewConfig")]
        [int]
        $Value,

        [Alias("Config")]
        [object[]]
        $ConfigName,

        [ValidateSet('Strict', 'Lazy')]
        [DbaMode]
        $Mode = 'Strict',

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (!$ConfigName) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must select one or more configurations to modify" -Target $Instance
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        :main foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Grab the current config value
            $currentValues = ($server.Configuration.$ConfigName)
            if ($currentValues) {
                $currentRunValue = $currentValues.RunValue
                $minValue = $currentValues.Minimum
                $maxValue = $currentValues.Maximum
                $isDynamic = $currentValues.IsDynamic

                #Let us not waste energy setting the value to itself
                if ($currentRunValue -eq $value) {
                    switch ($Mode) {
                        'Lazy' {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping over <c='green'>$instance</c> since its <c='gray'>$ConfigName</c> is already set to <c='gray'>$Value</c>" -Target $instance
                            continue main
                        }
                        'Strict' {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Value to set is the same as the existing value. No work being performed." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                        }
                    }
                }

                #Going outside the min/max boundary can be done, but it can break SQL, so I don't think allowing that is wise at this juncture
                if ($value -lt $minValue -or $value -gt $maxValue) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Value out of range for $ConfigName ($minValue <-> $maxValue)" -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
                }

                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Adjusting server configuration $ConfigName from $currentRunValue to $value.")) {
                    try {
                        $server.Configuration.$ConfigName.ConfigValue = $value
                        $server.Configuration.Alter()

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            ConfigName   = $ConfigName
                            OldValue     = $currentRunValue
                            NewValue     = $value
                        }

                        #If it's a dynamic setting we're all clear, otherwise let the user know that SQL needs to be restarted for the change to take
                        if ($isDynamic -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Configuration setting $ConfigName has been set, but restart of SQL Server is required for the new value `"$value`" to be used (old value: `"$currentRunValue`")" -Target $Instance
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to change config setting" -Target $Instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -ContinueLabel main
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Config setting $ConfigName not found" -Target $Instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -ContinueLabel main
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Set-DbaSpn {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Sets an SPN for a given service account in active directory (and also enables delegation to the same SPN by default)
 
.DESCRIPTION
This function will connect to Active Directory and search for an account. If the account is found, it will attempt to add an SPN. Once the SPN
is added, the function will also set delegation to that service, unless -NoDelegation is specified. In order to run this function, the credential you provide must have write
access to Active Directory.
 
Note: This function supports -WhatIf
 
.PARAMETER SPN
The SPN you want to add
 
.PARAMETER ServiceAccount
The account you want the SPN added to
 
.PARAMETER Credential
The credential you want to use to connect to Active Directory to make the changes
 
.PARAMETER NoDelegation
Skips setting the delegation
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Turns confirmations before changes on or off
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command was executed
 
.NOTES
Tags: SPN
Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com
 
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaSpn
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account
 
Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account.
 
Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -EnableException
 
Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account, suppressing all error messages and throw exceptions that can be caught instead
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account. Uses alternative account to connect to AD.
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -NoDelegation
 
Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account, without the delegation.
 
.EXAMPLE
Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2016 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $false } | Set-DbaSpn
 
Sets all missing SPNs for sql2016
 
.EXAMPLE
Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2016 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $false } | Set-DbaSpn -WhatIf
 
Displays what would happen trying to set all missing SPNs for sql2016
 
#>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("RequiredSPN")]
        [string]$SPN,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("InstanceServiceAccount", "AccountName")]
        [string]$ServiceAccount,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$NoDelegation,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        #did we find the server account?
        Write-Message -Message "Looking for account $ServiceAccount..." -Level Verbose
        $searchfor = 'User'
        if ($ServiceAccount.EndsWith('$')) {
            $searchfor = 'Computer'
        }
        try {
            $Result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $ServiceAccount -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($ServiceAccount). $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
        }
        if ($Result.Count -gt 0) {
            try {
                $adentry = $Result.GetUnderlyingObject()
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its properties $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
            }
        }
        else {
            Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has not been found" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $ServiceAccount
        }
        # Cool! Add an SPN
        $delegate = $true
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Adding SPN to service account")) {
            try {
                $null = $adentry.Properties['serviceprincipalname'].Add($spn)
                $status = "Successfully added SPN"
                $adentry.CommitChanges()
                Write-Message -Message "Added SPN $spn to $ServiceAccount" -Level Verbose
                $set = $true
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Message "Could not add SPN. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
                $set = $false
                $status = "Failed to add SPN"
                $delegate = $false
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                Name           = $spn
                ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                Property       = "servicePrincipalName"
                IsSet          = $set
                Notes          = $status
            }
        }

        #if we have the SPN set, we can add the delegation
        if ($delegate) {
            # but only if $NoDelegation is not passed
            if (!$NoDelegation) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Adding constrained delegation to service account for SPN")) {
                    try {
                        $null = $adentry.Properties['msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo'].Add($spn)
                        $adentry.CommitChanges()
                        Write-Message -Message "Added kerberos delegation to $spn for $ServiceAccount" -Level Verbose
                        $set = $true
                        $status = "Successfully added constrained delegation"
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "Could not add delegation. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
                        $set = $false
                        $status = "Failed to add constrained delegation"
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        Name           = $spn
                        ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                        Property       = "msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo"
                        IsSet          = $set
                        Notes          = $status
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Message "Skipping delegation as instructed" -Level Verbose
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Set-DbaStartupParameter {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Sets the Startup Parameters for a SQL Server instance
 
.DESCRIPTION
Modifies the startup parameters for a specified SQL Server Instance
 
For full details of what each parameter does, please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190737(v=sql.105).aspx
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance to be modified
 
If the Sql Instance is offline path parameters will be ignored as we cannot test the instance's access to the path. If you want to force this to work then please use the Force switch
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Windows or Sql Login Credential with permission to log into the SQL instance
 
.PARAMETER Credential
Windows Credential with permission to log on to the server running the SQL instance
 
.PARAMETER MasterData
Path to the data file for the Master database
 
Will be ignored if SqlInstance is offline or the Offline switch is set. To override this behaviour use the Force switch. This is to ensure you understand the risk as we cannot validate the path if the instance is offline
 
.PARAMETER MasterLog
Path to the log file for the Master database
 
Will be ignored if SqlInstance is offline or the Offline switch is set. To override this behaviour use the Force switch. This is to ensure you understand the risk as we cannot validate the path if the instance is offline
 
.PARAMETER ErrorLog
path to the SQL Server error log file
 
Will be ignored if SqlInstance is offline or the Offline switch is set. To override this behaviour use the Force switch. This is to ensure you understand the risk as we cannot validate the path if the instance is offline
 
.PARAMETER TraceFlags
A comma separated list of TraceFlags to be applied at SQL Server startup
By default these will be appended to any existing trace flags set
 
.PARAMETER CommandPromptStart
 
Shortens startup time when starting SQL Server from the command prompt. Typically, the SQL Server Database Engine starts as a service by calling the Service Control Manager.
Because the SQL Server Database Engine does not start as a service when starting from the command prompt
 
.PARAMETER MinimalStart
 
Starts an instance of SQL Server with minimal configuration. This is useful if the setting of a configuration value (for example, over-committing memory) has
prevented the server from starting. Starting SQL Server in minimal configuration mode places SQL Server in single-user mode
 
.PARAMETER MemoryToReserve
Specifies an integer number of megabytes (MB) of memory that SQL Server will leave available for memory allocations within the SQL Server process,
but outside the SQL Server memory pool. The memory outside of the memory pool is the area used by SQL Server for loading items such as extended procedure .dll files,
the OLE DB providers referenced by distributed queries, and automation objects referenced in Transact-SQL statements. The default is 256 MB.
 
.PARAMETER SingleUser
Start Sql Server in single user mode
 
.PARAMETER NoLoggingToWinEvents
Don't use Windows Application events log
 
.PARAMETER StartAsNamedInstance
Allows you to start a named instance of SQL Server
 
.PARAMETER DisableMonitoring
Disables the following monitoring features:
 
SQL Server performance monitor counters
Keeping CPU time and cache-hit ratio statistics
Collecting information for the DBCC SQLPERF command
Collecting information for some dynamic management views
Many extended-events event points
 
** Warning *\* When you use the -x startup option, the information that is available for you to diagnose performance and functional problems with SQL Server is greatly reduced.
 
.PARAMETER SingleUserDetails
The username for single user
 
.PARAMETER IncreasedExtents
Increases the number of extents that are allocated for each file in a filegroup.
 
.PARAMETER TraceFlagsOverride
Overrides the default behaviour and replaces any existing trace flags. If not trace flags specified will just remove existing ones
 
.PARAMETER StartUpConfig
Pass in a previously saved SQL Instance startUpconfig
using this parameter will set TraceFlagsOverride to true, so existing Trace Flags will be overridden
 
.PARAMETER Offline
Setting this switch will try perform the requested actions without conntect to the SQL Server Instance, this will speed things up if you know the Instance is offline.
 
When working offline, path inputs (MasterData, MasterLog and ErrorLog) will be ignored, unless Force is specifiec
 
.PARAMETER Force
By default we test the values passed in via MasterData, MasterLog, ErrorLog
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
Tags:
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser
 
Will configure the SQL Instance server1\instance1 to startup up in Single User mode at next startup
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -IncreasedExtents
 
Will configure the SQL Instance sql2016 to IncreasedExtents = True (-E)
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -IncreasedExtents:$false -WhatIf
 
Shows what would happen if you attempted to configure the SQL Instance sql2016 to IncreasedExtents = False (no -E)
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser -TraceFlags 8032,8048
This will append Trace Flags 8032 and 8048 to the startup parameters
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -SingleUser:$false -TraceFlagsOverride
This will remove all trace flags and set SinguleUser to false
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser -TraceFlags 8032,8048 -TraceFlagsOverride
 
This will set Trace Flags 8032 and 8048 to the startup parameters, removing any existing Trace Flags
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -SingleUser:$false -TraceFlagsOverride -Offline
 
This will remove all trace flags and set SinguleUser to false from an offline instance
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -ErrorLog c:\Sql\ -Offline
 
This will attempt to change the ErrorLog path to c:\sql\. However, with the offline switch this will not happen. To force it, use the -Force switch like so:
 
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -ErrorLog c:\Sql\ -Offline -Force
 
.EXAMPLE
 
$StartupConfig = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser -NoLoggingToWinEvents
#Restart your SQL instance with the tool of choice
#Do Some work
Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -StartUpConfig $StartUpConfig
#Restart your SQL instance with the tool of choice and you're back to normal
 
In this example we take a copy of the existing startup configuration of server1\instance1
 
We then change the startup parameters ahead of some work
 
After the work has been completed, we can push the original startup parameters back to server1\instance1 and resume normal operation
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param ([parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$MasterData,
        [string]$MasterLog,
        [string]$ErrorLog,
        [string[]]$TraceFlags,
        [switch]$CommandPromptStart,
        [switch]$MinimalStart,
        [int]$MemoryToReserve,
        [switch]$SingleUser,
        [string]$SingleUserDetails,
        [switch]$NoLoggingToWinEvents,
        [switch]$StartAsNamedInstance,
        [switch]$DisableMonitoring,
        [switch]$IncreasedExtents,
        [switch]$TraceFlagsOverride,
        [object]$StartUpConfig,
        [switch]$Offline,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        if (-not $Offline) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance" -Target $SqlInstance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $SqlInstance, will try to work with just WMI. Path options will be ignored unless Force was indicated"
                $Server = $SqlInstance
                $Offline = $true
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Offline switch set, proceeding with just WMI"
            $Server = $SqlInstance
        }

        #Get Current parameters:
        $currentstartup = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance $server -Credential $Credential
        $originalparamstring = $currentstartup.ParameterString

        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Original startup parameter string: $originalparamstring"

        if ('startUpconfig' -in $PsBoundParameters.keys) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "StartupObject passed in"
            $newstartup = $StartUpConfig
            $TraceFlagsOverride = $true
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Parameters passed in"
            $newstartup = $currentstartup.PSObject.copy()
            foreach ($param in ($PsBoundParameters.keys | Where-Object { $_ -in ($newstartup.PSObject.Properties.name) })) {
                if ($PsBoundParameters.item($param) -ne $newstartup.$param) {
                    $newstartup.$param = $PsBoundParameters.item($param)
                }
            }
        }

        if (!($currentstartup.SingleUser)) {

            if ($newstartup.Masterdata.length -gt 0) {
                if ($Offline -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Working offline, skipping untested MasterData path"
                    $ParameterString += "-d$($CurrentStartup.MasterData);"

                }
                else {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $ParameterString += "-d$($newstartup.MasterData);"
                    }
                    elseif (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path (Split-Path $newstartup.MasterData -Parent)) {
                        $ParameterString += "-d$($newstartup.MasterData);"
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Specified folder for Master Data file is not reachable by instance $SqlInstance"
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "MasterData value must be provided"
                return
            }

            if ($newstartup.ErrorLog.length -gt 0) {
                if ($Offline -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Working offline, skipping untested ErrorLog path"
                    $ParameterString += "-e$($CurrentStartup.ErrorLog);"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $ParameterString += "-e$($newstartup.ErrorLog);"
                    }
                    elseif (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path (Split-Path $newstartup.ErrorLog -Parent)) {
                        $ParameterString += "-e$($newstartup.ErrorLog);"
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Specified folder for ErrorLog file is not reachable by $SqlInstance"
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "ErrorLog value must be provided"
                return
            }

            if ($newstartup.MasterLog.Length -gt 0) {
                if ($offline -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Working offline, skipping untested MasterLog path"
                    $ParameterString += "-l$($CurrentStartup.MasterLog);"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $ParameterString += "-l$($newstartup.MasterLog);"
                    }
                    elseif (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path (Split-Path $newstartup.MasterLog -Parent)) {
                        $ParameterString += "-l$($newstartup.MasterLog);"
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Specified folder for Master Log file is not reachable by $SqlInstance"
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "MasterLog value must be provided."
                return
            }
        }
        else {

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sql instance is presently configured for single user, skipping path validation"
            if ($newstartup.MasterData.Length -gt 0) {
                $ParameterString += "-d$($newstartup.MasterData);"
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Must have a value for MasterData"
                return
            }
            if ($newstartup.ErrorLog.Length -gt 0) {
                $ParameterString += "-e$($newstartup.ErrorLog);"
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Must have a value for Errorlog"
                return
            }
            if ($newstartup.MasterLog.Length -gt 0) {
                $ParameterString += "-l$($newstartup.MasterLog);"
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Must have a value for MsterLog"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($newstartup.CommandPromptStart) {
            $ParameterString += "-c;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.MinimalStart) {
            $ParameterString += "-f;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.MemoryToReserve -notin ($null, 0)) {
            $ParameterString += "-g$($newstartup.MemoryToReserve)"
        }
        if ($newstartup.SingleUser) {
            if ($SingleUserDetails.length -gt 0) {
                if ($SingleUserDetails -match ' ') {
                    $SingleUserDetails = """$SingleUserDetails"""
                }
                $ParameterString += "-m$SingleUserDetails;"
            }
            else {
                $ParameterString += "-m;"
            }
        }
        if ($newstartup.NoLoggingToWinEvents) {
            $ParameterString += "-n;"
        }
        If ($newstartup.StartAsNamedInstance) {
            $ParameterString += "-s;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.DisableMonitoring) {
            $ParameterString += "-x;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.IncreasedExtents) {
            $ParameterString += "-E;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.TraceFlags -eq 'None') {
            $newstartup.TraceFlags = ''
        }
        if ($TraceFlagsOverride -and 'TraceFlags' -in $PsBoundParameters.keys) {
            if ($null -ne $TraceFlags -and '' -ne $TraceFlags) {
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = $TraceFlags -join ','
                $ParameterString += (($TraceFlags.split(',') | ForEach-Object { "-T$_" }) -join ';') + ";"
            }
        }
        else {
            if ('TraceFlags' -in $PsBoundParameters.keys) {
                if ($null -eq $TraceFlags) { $TraceFlags = '' }
                $oldflags = @($currentstartup.TraceFlags) -split ',' | Where-Object { $_ -ne 'None' }
                $newflags = $TraceFlags
                $newflags = $oldflags + $newflags
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = ($oldFlags + $newflags | Sort-Object -Unique) -join ','
            }
            elseif ($TraceFlagsOverride) {
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = ''
            }
            else {
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = if ($currentstartup.TraceFlags -eq 'None') { }
                else { $currentstartup.TraceFlags -join ',' }
            }
            If ($newstartup.TraceFlags.Length -ne 0) {
                $ParameterString += (($newstartup.TraceFlags.split(',') | ForEach-Object { "-T$_" }) -join ';') + ";"
            }
        }

        $instance = $SqlInstance.ComputerName
        $instancename = $SqlInstance.InstanceName
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instancename on $instance"

        if ($instancename.Length -eq 0) { $instancename = "MSSQLSERVER" }

        $displayname = "SQL Server ($instancename)"

        if ($originalparamstring -eq "$ParameterString" -or "$originalparamstring;" -eq "$ParameterString") {
            Stop-Function -Message "New parameter string would be the same as the old parameter string. Nothing to do." -Target $ParameterString
            return
        }

        $Scriptblock = {
            $instance = $args[0]
            $displayname = $args[1]
            $ParameterString = $args[2]

            $wmisvc = $wmi.Services | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq $displayname }
            $wmisvc.StartupParameters = $ParameterString
            $wmisvc.Alter()
            $wmisvc.Refresh()
            if ($wmisvc.StartupParameters -eq $ParameterString) {
                $true
            }
            else {
                $false
            }
        }

        if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Setting Sql Server start parameters on $SqlInstance to $ParameterString")) {
            try {
                if ($Credential) {
                    $response = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $instance -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $instance, $displayname, $ParameterString -EnableException
                    $output = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance $server -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $output -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OriginalStartupParameters -Value $originalparamstring
                }
                else {
                    $response = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $instance -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $instance, $displayname, $ParameterString -EnableException
                    $output = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance $server -EnableException
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $output -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OriginalStartupParameters -Value $originalparamstring
                }

                $output

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Startup parameters changed on $SqlInstance. You must restart SQL Server for changes to take effect."
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Startup parameters failed to change on $SqlInstance. " -Target $SqlInstance -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Set-DbaTcpPort {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Changes the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This function changes the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
     .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server instance as a different user
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Windows server itself as a different user
 
    .PARAMETER Port
        TCPPort that SQLService should listen on.
 
    .PARAMETER IpAddress
        Wich IpAddress should the portchange , if omitted allip (0.0.0.0) will be changed with the new portnumber.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Set-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -Port 1433
 
        Sets the port number 1433 for allips on the default instance on SqlInstance2014a
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Set-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress -IpAddress 192.168.1.22 -Port 1433
 
        Sets the port number 1433 for IP 192.168.1.22 on the sqlexpress instance on winserver
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Set-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance 'SQLDB2014A' ,'SQLDB2016B' -port 1337
 
        Sets the port number 1337 for ALLIP's on SqlInstance SQLDB2014A and SQLDB2016B
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Hansson7707@gmail.com, @H0s0n77
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaTcpPort
#>
    [CmdletBinding(ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateRange(1, 65535)]
        [int]$Port,
        [IpAddress[]]$IpAddress,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if ($IpAddress.Length -eq 0) {
            $IpAddress = '0.0.0.0'
        }
        else {
            if ($SqlInstance.count -gt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Message "-IpAddress switch cannot be used with a collection of serveraddresses" -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $wmiinstancename = $server.ServiceName


            if ($server.IsClustered) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Instance is clustered fetching nodes..."
                $clusternodes = (Get-DbaClusterActiveNode -SqlInstance $server -Detailed).NodeName -join ", "

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "$instance is a clustered instance, portchanges will be reflected on all nodes ($clusternodes) after a failover"
            }

            $scriptblock = {
                $instance = $args[0]
                $wmiinstancename = $args[1]
                $port = $args[2]
                $IpAddress = $args[3]
                $sqlinstanceName = $args[4]

                $wmi = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Wmi.ManagedComputer $instance
                $wmiinstance = $wmi.ServerInstances | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $wmiinstancename }
                $tcp = $wmiinstance.ServerProtocols | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq 'TCP/IP' }
                $IpAddress = $tcp.IpAddresses | where-object { $_.IpAddress -eq $IpAddress }
                $tcpport = $IpAddress.IpAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq 'TcpPort' }

                $oldport = $tcpport.Value
                try {
                    $tcpport.value = $port
                    $tcp.Alter()
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        InstanceName  = $wmiinstancename
                        SqlInstance   = $sqlinstanceName
                        OldPortNumber = $oldport
                        PortNumber    = $Port
                        Status        = "Success"
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        InstanceName  = $wmiinstancename
                        SqlInstance   = $sqlinstanceName
                        OldPortNumber = $oldport
                        PortNumber    = $Port
                        Status        = "Failed: $_"
                    }
                }
            }

            try {
                $computerName = $instance.ComputerName
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computerName

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing TCPPort $port for $instance to $($resolved.FQDN)..."
                Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $Server.NetName, $wmiinstancename, $port, $IpAddress, $server.DomainInstanceName -Credential $Credential

            }
            catch {
                Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $Server.NetName, $wmiinstancename, $port, $IpAddress, $server.DomainInstanceName -Credential $Credential
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Sets tempdb data and log files according to best practices.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Calculates tempdb size and file configurations based on passed parameters, calculated values, and Microsoft best practices. User must declare SQL Server to be configured and total data file size as mandatory values. Function then calculates the number of data files based on logical cores on the target host and create evenly sized data files based on the total data size declared by the user, with a log file 25% of the total data file size.
 
            Other parameters can adjust the settings as the user desires (such as different file paths, number of data files, and log file size). No functions that shrink or delete data files are performed. If you wish to do this, you will need to resize tempdb so that it is "smaller" than what the function will size it to before running the function.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER DataFileCount
            Specifies the number of data files to create. If this number is not specified, the number of logical cores of the host will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER DataFileSizeMB
            Specifies the total data file size in megabytes. This is distributed across the total number of data files.
 
        .PARAMETER LogFileSizeMB
            Specifies the log file size in megabytes. If not specified, this will be set to 25% of total data file size.
 
        .PARAMETER DataFileGrowthMB
            Specifies the growth amount for the data file(s) in megabytes. The default is 512 MB.
 
        .PARAMETER LogFileGrowthMB
            Specifies the growth amount for the log file in megabytes. The default is 512 MB.
 
        .PARAMETER DataPath
            Specifies the filesystem path in which to create the tempdb data files. If not specified, current tempdb location will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER LogPath
            Specifies the filesystem path in which to create the tempdb log file. If not specified, current tempdb location will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
            If this switch is enabled, only the T-SQL script to change the tempdb configuration is created and output.
 
        .PARAMETER OutFile
            Specifies the filesystem path into which the generated T-SQL script will be saved.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableGrowth
            If this switch is enabled, the tempdb files will be configured to not grow. This overrides -DataFileGrowthMB and -LogFileGrowthMB.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSizeMB 1000
 
            Creates tempdb with a number of data files equal to the logical cores where each file is equal to 1000MB divided by the number of logical cores, with a log file of 250MB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSizeMB 1000 -DataFileCount 8
 
            Creates tempdb with 8 data files, each one sized at 125MB, with a log file of 250MB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSizeMB 1000 -OutputScriptOnly
 
            Provides a SQL script output to configure tempdb according to the passed parameters.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSizeMB 1000 -DisableGrowth
 
            Disables the growth for the data and log files.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSizeMB 1000 -OutputScriptOnly
 
            Returns the T-SQL script representing tempdb configuration.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$DataFileCount,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [int]$DataFileSizeMB,
        [int]$LogFileSizeMB,
        [int]$DataFileGrowthMB = 512,
        [int]$LogFileGrowthMB = 512,
        [string]$DataPath,
        [string]$LogPath,
        [string]$OutFile,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$DisableGrowth,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sql = @()
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

        if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
            Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 2000 is not supported"
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        $cores = $server.Processors
        if ($cores -gt 8) {
            $cores = 8
        }

        #Set DataFileCount if not specified. If specified, check against best practices.
        if (-not $DataFileCount) {
            $DataFileCount = $cores
            Write-Message -Message "Data file count set to number of cores: $DataFileCount" -Level Verbose
        }
        else {
            if ($DataFileCount -gt $cores) {
                Write-Message -Message "Data File Count of $DataFileCount exceeds the Logical Core Count of $cores. This is outside of best practices." -Level Warning
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Data file count set explicitly: $DataFileCount" -Level Verbose
        }

        $DataFilesizeSingleMB = $([Math]::Floor($DataFileSizeMB / $DataFileCount))
        Write-Message -Message "Single data file size (MB): $DataFilesizeSingleMB." -Level Verbose

        if ($DataPath) {
            if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $DataPath) -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$datapath is an invalid path."
                return
            }
        }
        else {
            $Filepath = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults('SELECT physical_name as FileName FROM sys.database_files WHERE file_id = 1').Tables[0].Rows[0].FileName
            $DataPath = Split-Path $Filepath
        }

        Write-Message -Message "Using data path: $datapath." -Level Verbose

        if ($LogPath) {
            if ((Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $LogPath) -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$LogPath is an invalid path."
                return
            }
        }
        else {
            $Filepath = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults('SELECT physical_name as FileName FROM sys.database_files WHERE file_id = 2').Tables[0].Rows[0].FileName
            $LogPath = Split-Path $Filepath
        }
        Write-Message -Message "Using log path: $LogPath." -Level Verbose

        # Check if the file growth needs to be disabled
        if ($DisableGrowth) {
            $DataFileGrowthMB = 0
            $LogFileGrowthMB = 0
        }

        # Check current tempdb. Throw an error if current tempdb is larger than config.
        $CurrentFileCount = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults('SELECT count(1) as FileCount FROM sys.database_files WHERE type=0').Tables[0].Rows[0].FileCount
        $TooBigCount = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("SELECT TOP 1 (size/128) as Size FROM sys.database_files WHERE size/128 > $DataFilesizeSingleMB AND type = 0").Tables[0].Rows[0].Size

        if ($CurrentFileCount -gt $DataFileCount) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Current tempdb not suitable to be reconfigured. The current tempdb has a greater number of files ($CurrentFileCount) than the calculated configuration ($DataFileCount)."
            return
        }

        if ($TooBigCount) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Current tempdb not suitable to be reconfigured. The current tempdb ($TooBigCount MB) is larger than the calculated individual file configuration ($DataFilesizeSingleMB MB)."
            return
        }

        $EqualCount = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("SELECT count(1) as FileCount FROM sys.database_files WHERE size/128 = $DataFilesizeSingleMB AND type = 0").Tables[0].Rows[0].FileCount

        if ($EqualCount -gt 0) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Current tempdb not suitable to be reconfigured. The current tempdb is the same size as the specified DataFileSizeMB."
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Message "tempdb configuration validated." -Level Verbose

        $DataFiles = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("select f.name as Name, f.physical_name as FileName from sys.filegroups fg join sys.database_files f on fg.data_space_id = f.data_space_id where fg.name = 'PRIMARY' and f.type_desc = 'ROWS'").Tables[0];

        #Checks passed, process reconfiguration
        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $DataFileCount; $i++) {
            $File = $DataFiles.Rows[$i]
            if ($File) {
                $Filename = Split-Path $File.FileName -Leaf
                $LogicalName = $File.Name
                $NewPath = "$datapath\$Filename"
                $sql += "ALTER DATABASE tempdb MODIFY FILE(name=$LogicalName,filename='$NewPath',size=$DataFilesizeSingleMB MB,filegrowth=$DataFileGrowthMB);"
            }
            else {
                $NewName = "tempdev$i.ndf"
                $NewPath = "$datapath\$NewName"
                $sql += "ALTER DATABASE tempdb ADD FILE(name=tempdev$i,filename='$NewPath',size=$DataFilesizeSingleMB MB,filegrowth=$DataFileGrowthMB);"
            }
        }

        if (-not $LogFileSizeMB) {
            $LogFileSizeMB = [Math]::Floor($DataFileSizeMB / 4)
        }

        $logfile = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("SELECT name, physical_name as FileName FROM sys.database_files WHERE file_id = 2").Tables[0].Rows[0];
        $Filename = Split-Path $logfile.FileName -Leaf
        $LogicalName = $logfile.Name
        $NewPath = "$LogPath\$Filename"
        $sql += "ALTER DATABASE tempdb MODIFY FILE(name=$LogicalName,filename='$NewPath',size=$LogFileSizeMB MB,filegrowth=$LogFileGrowthMB);"

        Write-Message -Message "SQL Statement to resize tempdb." -Level Verbose
        Write-Message -Message ($sql -join "`n`n") -Level Verbose

        if ($OutputScriptOnly) {
            return $sql
        }
        elseif ($OutFile) {
            $sql | Set-Content -Path $OutFile
        }
        else {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Executing query and informing that a restart is required.")) {
                try {
                    $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "tempdb successfully reconfigured."

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName         = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName         = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance          = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        DataFileCount        = $DataFileCount
                        DataFileSizeMB       = $DataFileSizeMB
                        SingleDataFileSizeMB = $DataFilesizeSingleMB
                        LogSizeMB            = $LogFileSizeMB
                        DataPath             = $DataPath
                        LogPath              = $LogPath
                        DataFileGrowthMB     = $DataFileGrowthMB
                        LogFileGrowthMB      = $LogFileGrowthMB
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "tempdb reconfigured. You must restart the SQL Service for settings to take effect."
                }
                catch {
                    # write-exception writes the full exception to file
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to reconfigure tempdb. Exception: $_" -Target $sql -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Set-SqlTempDbConfiguration
    }
}
function Show-DbaDatabaseList {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Shows a list of databases in a GUI.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Shows a list of databases in a GUI. Returns a string holding the name of the selected database. Hitting cancel returns null.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to connect to..
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Title
            Title of the window being displayed. Default is "Select Database".
 
        .PARAMETER Header
            Header text displayed above the database listing. Default is "Select the database:".
 
        .PARAMETER DefaultDb
            Specify a database to have selected when the window appears.
 
        .NOTES
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Show-DbaDatabaseList
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Show-DbaDatabaseList -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Shows a GUI list of databases using Windows Authentication to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected database.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Show-DbaDatabaseList -Source sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Shows a GUI list of databases using SQL credentials to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected database.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Title = "Select Database",
        [string]$Header = "Select the database:",
        [string]$DefaultDb
    )

    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName PresentationFramework
        }
        catch {
            throw "Windows Presentation Framework required but not installed"
        }

        function Add-TreeItem {
            Param (
                [string]$name,
                [object]$parent,
                [string]$tag
            )

            $childitem = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem
            $textblock = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock
            $textblock.Margin = "5,0"
            $stackpanel = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel
            $stackpanel.Orientation = "Horizontal"
            $image = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.Image
            $image.Height = 20
            $image.Width = 20
            $image.Stretch = "Fill"
            $image.Source = $dbicon
            $textblock.Text = $name
            $childitem.Tag = $name

            if ($name -eq $DefaultDb) {
                $childitem.IsSelected = $true
                $script:selected = $name
            }

            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($image)
            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($textblock)

            $childitem.Header = $stackpanel
            [void]$parent.Items.Add($childitem)
        }

        function Convert-b64toimg {
            param ($base64)

            $bitmap = New-Object System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapImage
            $bitmap.BeginInit()
            $bitmap.StreamSource = [System.IO.MemoryStream][System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64)
            $bitmap.EndInit()
            $bitmap.Freeze()
            return $bitmap
        }

        $dbicon = Convert-b64toimg "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAAYdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAHBhaW50Lm5ldCA0LjAuNWWFMmUAAAFRSURBVDhPY/j//z9VMVZBSjCCgQZunFn6/8zenv+7llf83zA75/+6WTn/N80v+L93ddP/M/tnY2jAayDIoNvn5/5/cX/t/89vdv7/9fUQGIPYj2+t/H/xyJT/O1ZUoWjCaeCOxcX///48ShSeWhMC14jXwC9Xs/5/fzHr/6/PW+GaQS78/WH9/y+Pe8DyT3fYEmcgKJw+HHECawJp/vZ60f8v95v/fzgd8P/tVtn/L1cw/n+0iOH/7TlMxBkIigBiDewr9iVsICg2qWrg6qnpA2dgW5YrYQOX9icPAQPfU9PA2S2RRLuwMtaGOAOf73X+//FyGl4DL03jIM5AEFjdH/x//+Lo/1cOlP9/dnMq2MA3x/z/312l/P/4JNH/axoU/0/INUHRhNdAEDi+pQ1cZIFcDEpvoPCaVOTwf1Gjy/9ds5MxNGAYSC2MVZB8/J8BAGcHwqQBNWHRAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"
        $foldericon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $dbatoolsicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"

        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }

    process {
        # Create XAML form in Visual Studio, ensuring the ListView looks chromeless
        [xml]$xaml = "<Window
        xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation'
        xmlns:x='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml'
        Title='$Title' SizeToContent='WidthAndHeight' Background='#F0F0F0'
        WindowStartupLocation='CenterScreen' MaxHeight='600'>
    <Grid>
        <TreeView Name='treeview' Height='Auto' Width='Auto' Background='#FFFFFF' BorderBrush='#FFFFFF' Foreground='#FFFFFF' Margin='11,36,11,79'/>
        <Label x:Name='label' Content='$header' HorizontalAlignment='Left' Margin='15,4,10,0' VerticalAlignment='Top'/>
        <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment='Right' Orientation='Horizontal' VerticalAlignment='Bottom' Margin='0,50,10,30'>
        <Button Name='okbutton' Content='OK' Margin='0,0,0,0' Width='75'/>
        <Label Width='10'/>
        <Button Name='cancelbutton' Content='Cancel' Margin='0,0,0,0' Width='75'/>
    </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>"
        #second pushes it down
        # Turn XAML into PowerShell objects
        $window = [Windows.Markup.XamlReader]::Load((New-Object System.Xml.XmlNodeReader $xaml))
        $window.icon = $dbatoolsicon

        $xaml.SelectNodes("//*[@Name]") | ForEach-Object { Set-Variable -Name ($_.Name) -Value $window.FindName($_.Name) -Scope Script }

        $childitem = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem
        $textblock = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock
        $textblock.Margin = "5,0"
        $stackpanel = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel
        $stackpanel.Orientation = "Horizontal"
        $image = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.Image
        $image.Height = 20
        $image.Width = 20
        $image.Stretch = "Fill"
        $image.Source = $foldericon
        $textblock.Text = "Databases"
        $childitem.Tag = "Databases"
        $childitem.isExpanded = $true
        [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($image)
        [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($textblock)
        $childitem.Header = $stackpanel
        $databaseParent = $treeview.Items.Add($childitem)

        try {
            $databases = $sourceserver.databases.name
        }
        catch {
            return
        }

        foreach ($database in $databases) {
            Add-TreeItem -Name $database -Parent $childitem -Tag $nameSpace
        }

        $okbutton.Add_Click( {
                $window.Close()
                $script:okay = $true
            })

        $cancelbutton.Add_Click( {
                $script:selected = $null
                $window.Close()
            })

        $window.Add_SourceInitialized( {
                [System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler]$Event = {
                    if ($_.OriginalSource -is [System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]) {
                        $script:selected = $_.OriginalSource.Tag
                    }
                }
                $treeview.AddHandler([System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]::SelectedEvent, $Event)
            })

        $null = $window.ShowDialog()
    }

    end {
        if ($script:selected.length -gt 0 -and $script:okay -eq $true) {
            return $script:selected
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-SqlDatabaseList
    }
}
function Show-DbaServerFileSystem {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Shows file system on remote SQL Server in a local GUI and returns the selected directory name
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Similar to the remote file system popup you see when browsing a remote SQL Server in SQL Server Management Studio, this function allows you to traverse the remote SQL Server's file structure.
 
            Show-DbaServerFileSystem uses SQL Management Objects to browse the directories and what you see is limited to the permissions of the account running the command.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server whose filesystem you want to view.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Show-DbaServerFileSystem
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Show-DbaServerFileSystem -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Shows a list of databases using Windows Authentication to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected path.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Show-DbaServerFileSystem -Source sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Shows a list of databases using SQL credentials to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected path.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$SqlCredential
    )

    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName PresentationFramework
        }
        catch {
            throw "Windows Presentation Framework required but not installed."
        }

        function Add-TreeItem {
            param (
                [string]$name,
                [object]$parent,
                [string]$tag
            )

            $childitem = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem

            $textblock = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock
            $textblock.Margin = "5,0"

            $stackpanel = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel
            $stackpanel.Orientation = "Horizontal"

            $image = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.Image
            $image.Height = 20
            $image.Width = 20
            $image.Stretch = "Fill"

            if ($name.length -eq 1) {
                $image.Source = $diskicon
                $textblock.Text = "$name`:"
                $childitem.Tag = "$name`:"

            }
            else {
                $image.Source = $foldericon
                $textblock.Text = $name
                $childitem.Tag = "$tag\$name"
            }

            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($image)
            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($textblock)

            $childitem.Header = $stackpanel

            [void]$childitem.Items.Add("*")
            [void]$parent.Items.Add($childitem)
        }

        function Get-SubDirectory {
            Param (
                [string]$nameSpace,
                [object]$treeviewItem
            )

            $textbox.Text = $nameSpace
            try {
                $dirs = $sourceserver.EnumDirectories($nameSpace)
            }
            catch {
                return
            }
            $subdirs = $dirs.Name

            foreach ($subdir in $subdirs) {
                if (!$subdir.StartsWith("$") -and $subdir -ne 'System Volume Information') {
                    Add-TreeItem -Name $subdir -Parent $treeviewItem -Tag $nameSpace
                }
            }
        }

        function Convert-b64toimg {
            param ($base64)

            $bitmap = New-Object System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapImage
            $bitmap.BeginInit()
            $bitmap.StreamSource = [System.IO.MemoryStream][System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64)
            $bitmap.EndInit()
            $bitmap.Freeze()
            return $bitmap
        }

        $diskicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $foldericon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $dbatoolsicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"

        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
    }

    process {
        # Create XAML form in Visual Studio, ensuring the ListView looks chromeless
        [xml]$xaml = '<Window
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="Locate Folder" Height="620" Width="440" Background="#F0F0F0"
        WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
    <Grid>
        <TreeView Name="treeview" Height="462" Width="391" Background="#FFFFFF" BorderBrush="#FFFFFF" Foreground="#FFFFFF" Margin="11,36,11,79"/>
        <Label x:Name="label" Content="Select the folder:" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="15,4,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <Label x:Name="path" Content="Selected Path" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="15,502,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <TextBox Name="textbox" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="Auto" Margin="111,504,0,0" TextWrapping="NoWrap" Text="C:\" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="292"/>
        <Button Name="okbutton" Content="OK" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="241,540,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75"/>
        <Button Name="cancelbutton" Content="Cancel" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="328.766,540,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>
'
        # Turn XAML into PowerShell objects
        $window = [Windows.Markup.XamlReader]::Load((New-Object System.Xml.XmlNodeReader $xaml))
        $window.icon = $dbatoolsicon

        $xaml.SelectNodes("//*[@Name]") | ForEach-Object { Set-Variable -Name ($_.Name) -Value $window.FindName($_.Name) -Scope Script }

        try {
            $drives = ($sourceserver.EnumAvailableMedia()).Name
        }
        catch {
            throw "No access to remote SQL Server files."
        }

        foreach ($drive in $drives) {
            $drive = $drive.Replace(":", "")
            Add-TreeItem -Name $drive -Parent $treeview -Tag $drive
        }

        $window.Add_SourceInitialized( {
                [System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler]$Event = {
                    if ($_.OriginalSource -is [System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]) {
                        $treeviewItem = $_.OriginalSource
                        $treeviewItem.items.clear()
                        Get-SubDirectory -NameSpace $treeviewItem.Tag -TreeViewItem $treeviewItem
                    }
                }
                $treeview.AddHandler([System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]::ExpandedEvent, $Event)
                $treeview.AddHandler([System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]::SelectedEvent, $Event)
            })

        $okbutton.Add_Click( {
                $window.Close()
            })

        $cancelbutton.Add_Click( {
                $textbox.Text = $null
                $window.Close()
            })

        $null = $window.ShowDialog()
    }

    end {

        if ($textbox.Text.length -gt 0) {
            $drive = $textbox.Text + '\'
            return $drive
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-SqlServerFileSystem
    }
}
function Start-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Starts a running SQL Server Agent Job.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command starts a job then returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Wait
            Wait for output until the job has started
 
        .PARAMETER JobCollection
            Internal parameter that enables piping
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Job, Agent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaAgentJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Starts all running SQL Agent Jobs on the local SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture | Start-DbaAgentJob
 
            Starts the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture
 
            Starts the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers | Find-DbaAgentJob -IsFailed | Start-DbaAgentJob
 
            Restarts all failed jobs on all servers in the $servers collection
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Job,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Object")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$JobCollection,
        [switch]$Wait,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobcollection += $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $jobcollection = $jobcollection | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobcollection = $jobcollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
        }

        foreach ($currentjob in $JobCollection) {
            $server = $currentjob.Parent.Parent
            $status = $currentjob.CurrentRunStatus
            if ($status -ne 'Idle') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$currentjob on $server is not idle ($status)" -Target $currentjob -Continue
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Starting job $currentjob")) {
                $null = $currentjob.Start()
                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 300
                $currentjob.Refresh()

                while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -eq 'Idle' -and $i++ -lt 60) {
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
                    $currentjob.Refresh()
                }

                if ($wait) {
                    while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle') {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "$currentjob is $($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus)"
                        Start-Sleep -Seconds 3
                        $currentjob.Refresh()
                    }
                    $currentjob
                }
                else {
                    $currentjob
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaMigration {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Migrates SQL Server *ALL* databases, logins, database mail profiles/accounts, credentials, SQL Agent objects, linked servers,
            Central Management Server objects, server configuration settings (sp_configure), user objects in systems databases,
            system triggers and backup devices from one SQL Server to another.
 
            For more granular control, please use one of the -No parameters and use the other functions available within the dbatools module.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Start-DbaMigration consolidates most of the migration tools in dbatools into one command. This is useful when you're looking to migrate entire instances. It less flexible than using the underlying functions. Think of it as an easy button. It migrates:
 
            All user databases to exclude support databases such as ReportServerTempDB (Use -IncludeSupportDbs for this). Use -NoDatabases to skip.
            All logins. Use -NoLogins to skip.
            All database mail objects. Use -NoDatabaseMail
            All credentials. Use -NoCredentials to skip.
            All objects within the Job Server (SQL Agent). Use -NoAgentServer to skip.
            All linked servers. Use -NoLinkedServers to skip.
            All groups and servers within Central Management Server. Use -NoCentralManagementServer to skip.
            All SQL Server configuration objects (everything in sp_configure). Use -NoSpConfigure to skip.
            All user objects in system databases. Use -NoSysDbUserObjects to skip.
            All system triggers. Use -NoSystemTriggers to skip.
            All system backup devices. Use -NoBackupDevices to skip.
            All Audits. Use -NoAudits to skip.
            All Endpoints. Use -NoEndpoints to skip.
            All Extended Events. Use -NoExtendedEvents to skip.
            All Policy Management objects. Use -NoPolicyManagement to skip.
            All Resource Governor objects. Use -NoResourceGovernor to skip.
            All Server Audit Specifications. Use -NoServerAuditSpecifications to skip.
            All Custom Errors (User Defined Messages). Use -NoCustomErrors to skip.
            Copies All Data Collector collection sets. Does not configure the server. Use -NoDataCollector to skip.
 
            This script provides the ability to migrate databases using detach/copy/attach or backup/restore. SQL Server logins, including passwords, SID and database/server roles can also be migrated. In addition, job server objects can be migrated and server configuration settings can be exported or migrated. This script works with named instances, clusters and SQL Express.
 
            By default, databases will be migrated to the destination SQL Server's default data and log directories. You can override this by specifying -ReuseSourceFolderStructure. Filestreams and filegroups are also migrated. Safety is emphasized.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER BackupRestore
            If this switch is enabled, the Copy-Only backup and restore method is used to perform database migrations. You must specify -NetworkShare with a valid UNC format as well (\\server\share).
 
        .PARAMETER NetworkShare
            Specifies the network location for the backup files. The SQL Server service accounts on both Source and Destination must have read/write permission to access this location.
 
        .PARAMETER WithReplace
            If this switch is enabled, databases are restored from backup using WITH REPLACE. This is useful if you want to stage some complex file paths.
 
        .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
            If this switch is enabled, the data and log directory structures on Source will be kept on Destination. Otherwise, databases will be migrated to Destination's default data and log directories.
 
            Consider this if you're migrating between different versions and use part of Microsoft's default SQL structure (MSSQL12.INSTANCE, etc.).
 
        .PARAMETER DetachAttach
            If this switch is enabled, the the detach/copy/attach method is used to perform database migrations. No files are deleted on Source. If the destination attachment fails, the source database will be reattached. File copies are performed over administrative shares (\\server\x$\mssql) using BITS. If a database is being mirrored, the mirror will be broken prior to migration.
 
        .PARAMETER Reattach
            If this switch is enabled, all databases are reattached to Source after a DetachAttach migration is complete.
 
            .PARAMETER NoRecovery
            If this switch is enabled, databases will be left in the No Recovery state to enable further backups to be added.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSupportDbs
            If this switch is enabled, the ReportServer, ReportServerTempDb, SSIDb, and distribution databases will be migrated if they exist. A logfile named $SOURCE-$DESTINATION-$date-Sqls.csv will be written to the current directory. Requires -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach.
 
        .PARAMETER SetSourceReadOnly
            If this switch is enabled, all migrated databases will be set to ReadOnly on the source instance prior to detach/attach & backup/restore. If -Reattach is specified, the database is set to read-only after reattaching.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDatabases
            If this switch is enabled, databases will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoLogins
            If this switch is enabled, Logins will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoAgentServer
            If this switch is enabled, SQL Agent jobs will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoCredentials
            If this switch is enabled, Credentials will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoLinkedServers
            If this switch is enabled, Linked Servers will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSpConfigure
            If this switch is enabled, options configured via sp_configure will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoCentralManagementServer
            If this switch is enabled, Central Management Server will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDatabaseMail
            If this switch is enabled, Database Mail will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSysDbUserObjects
            If this switch is enabled, user objects found in the master, msdb and model databases will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSystemTriggers
            If this switch is enabled, System Triggers will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoBackupDevices
            If this switch is enabled, Backup Devices will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoAudits
            If this switch is enabled, Audits will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoEndpoints
            If this switch is enabled, Endpoints will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoExtendedEvents
            If this switch is enabled, Extended Events will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoPolicyManagement
            If this switch is enabled, Policy-Based Management will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoResourceGovernor
            If this switch is enabled, Resource Governor will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoServerAuditSpecifications
            If this switch is enabled, the Server Audit Specification will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoCustomErrors
            If this switch is enabled, Custom Errors (User Defined Messages) will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoDataCollector
            If this switch is enabled, the Data Collector will not be migrated.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSaRename
            If this switch is enabled, the sa account will not be renamed on the destination instance to match the source.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnDestination
            If this switch is enabled, migrated SQL Agent jobs will be disabled on the destination instance.
 
        .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnSource
            If this switch is enabled, SQL Agent jobs will be disabled on the source instance.
 
        .PARAMETER Force
            If migrating users, forces drop and recreate of SQL and Windows logins.
            If migrating databases, deletes existing databases with matching names.
            If using -DetachAttach, -Force will break mirrors and drop dbs from Availability Groups.
 
            For other migration objects, it will just drop existing items and readd, if -force is supported within the underlying function.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire
            Limitations: Doesn't cover what it doesn't cover (certificates, etc)
                            SQL Server 2000 login migrations have some limitations (server perms aren't migrated)
                            SQL Server 2000 databases cannot be directly migrated to SQL Server 2012 and above.
                            Logins within SQL Server 2012 and above logins cannot be migrated to SQL Server 2008 R2 and below.
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaMigration
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaMigration -Source sqlserver\instance -Destination sqlcluster -DetachAttach
 
            All databases, logins, job objects and sp_configure options will be migrated from sqlserver\instance to sqlcluster. Databases will be migrated using the detach/copy files/attach method. Dbowner will be updated. User passwords, SIDs, database roles and server roles will be migrated along with the login.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaMigration -Verbose -Source sqlcluster -Destination sql2016 -SourceSqlCredential $scred -ReuseSourceFolderStructure -DestinationSqlCredential $cred -Force -NetworkShare \\fileserver\share\sqlbackups\Migration -BackupRestore
 
            Migrate databases uses backup/restore. Also migrate logins, database mail, credentials, SQL Agent, Central Management Server, SQL global configuration.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaMigration -Verbose -Source sqlcluster -Destination sql2016 -NoDatabases -NoLogins
 
            Migrates everything but logins and databases.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaMigration -Verbose -Source sqlcluster -Destination sql2016 -DetachAttach -Reattach -SetSourceReadonly
 
            Migrate databases using detach/copy/attach. Reattach at source and set source databases read-only. Also migrates everything else.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$DetachAttach,
        [parameter(Position = 4, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$Reattach,
        [parameter(Position = 5, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$BackupRestore,
        [parameter(Position = 6, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup",
            HelpMessage = "Specify a valid network share in the format \\server\share that can be accessed by your account and both Sql Server service accounts.")]
        [string]$NetworkShare,
        [parameter(Position = 7, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [parameter(Position = 8, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [parameter(Position = 9, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(Position = 10, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$SetSourceReadOnly,
        [Alias("ReuseFolderStructure")]
        [parameter(Position = 11, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(Position = 12, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [parameter(Position = 13, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(Position = 14, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$IncludeSupportDbs,
        [parameter(Position = 15)]
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Position = 16)]
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Alias("SkipDatabases")]
        [switch]$NoDatabases,
        [switch]$NoLogins,
        [Alias("SkipJobServer", "NoJobServer")]
        [switch]$NoAgentServer,
        [Alias("SkipCredentials")]
        [switch]$NoCredentials,
        [Alias("SkipLinkedServers")]
        [switch]$NoLinkedServers,
        [Alias("SkipSpConfigure")]
        [switch]$NoSpConfigure,
        [Alias("SkipCentralManagementServer")]
        [switch]$NoCentralManagementServer,
        [Alias("SkipDatabaseMail")]
        [switch]$NoDatabaseMail,
        [Alias("SkipSysDbUserObjects")]
        [switch]$NoSysDbUserObjects,
        [Alias("SkipSystemTriggers")]
        [switch]$NoSystemTriggers,
        [Alias("SkipBackupDevices")]
        [switch]$NoBackupDevices,
        [switch]$NoAudits,
        [switch]$NoEndpoints,
        [switch]$NoExtendedEvents,
        [switch]$NoPolicyManagement,
        [switch]$NoResourceGovernor,
        [switch]$NoServerAuditSpecifications,
        [switch]$NoCustomErrors,
        [switch]$NoDataCollector,
        [switch]$DisableJobsOnDestination,
        [switch]$DisableJobsOnSource,
        [switch]$NoSaRename,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        $started = Get-Date

        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName
    }

    process {

        if ($BackupRestore -eq $false -and $DetachAttach -eq $false -and $NoDatabases -eq $false) {
            throw "You must specify a database migration method (-BackupRestore or -DetachAttach) or -NoDatabases"
        }

        if (!$NoSpConfigure) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating SQL Server Configuration."
            try {
                Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Configuration migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }


        if (!$NoCustomErrors) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating custom errors (user defined messages)."
            try {
                Copy-DbaCustomError -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't copy custom errors."
            }
        }

        if (!$NoCredentials) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 9 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Credentials are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating SQL credentials."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaCredential -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Credential migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoDatabaseMail) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 9 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database Mail is only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating database mail."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaDatabaseMail -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database mail migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoSysDbUserObjects) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating user objects in system databases (this can take a second)."
            try {
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Copying user objects.")) {
                    Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver
                }

            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't copy all user objects in system databases."
            }
        }

        if (!$NoCentralManagementServer) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 10 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Central Management Server is only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Central Management Server."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Central Management Server migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoBackupDevices) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Backup Devices."
            try {
                Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backup device migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }

        if (!$NoLinkedServers) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating linked servers."
            try {
                Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Linked server migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }

        if (!$NoSystemTriggers) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 9 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server Triggers are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating System Triggers."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "System Triggers migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoDatabases) {
            # Test some things
            if ($networkshare.length -gt 0) {
                $netshare += "-NetworkShare $NetworkShare"
            }
            if (!$DetachAttach -and !$BackupRestore) {
                throw "You must specify a migration method using -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach."
            }
            # Do it
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`nMigrating databases."
            try {
                if ($BackupRestore) {
                    Copy-DbaDatabase -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -AllDatabases -SetSourceReadOnly:$SetSourceReadOnly -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -BackupRestore -NetworkShare $NetworkShare -Force:$Force -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -WithReplace:$WithReplace -IncludeSupportDbs:$IncludeSupportDbs
                }
                else {
                    Copy-DbaDatabase -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -AllDatabases -SetSourceReadOnly:$SetSourceReadOnly -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -DetachAttach:$DetachAttach -Reattach:$Reattach -Force:$Force -IncludeSupportDbs:$IncludeSupportDbs
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }


        if (!$NoLogins) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating logins."
            try {
                if ($NoSaRename -eq $false) {
                    Copy-DbaLogin -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force -SyncSaName
                }
                else {
                    Copy-DbaLogin -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Login migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }

        if (!$NoLogins -and !$NoDatabases -and !$NoRecovery) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating database owners to match newly migrated logins."
            try {
                $null = Update-SqlDbOwner -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Login migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }

        if (!$NoDataCollector) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 10 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Data Collection sets are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Data Collector collection sets."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Job Server migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }


        if (!$NoAudits) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 10 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server Audit Specifications are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Audits."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backup device migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoServerAuditSpecifications) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 10 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server Audit Specifications are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Server Audit Specifications."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server Audit Specification migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoEndpoints) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 9 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server Endpoints are only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Endpoints."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backup device migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }


        if (!$NoPolicyManagement) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 10 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Policy Management is only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Policy Management."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Policy Management migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoResourceGovernor) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 10 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 10) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resource Governor is only supported in SQL Server 2008 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Resource Governor."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Resource Governor migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoExtendedEvents) {
            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -lt 11 -or $destserver.versionMajor -lt 11) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Extended Events are only supported in SQL Server 2012 and above. Skipping."
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Extended Events."
                try {
                    Copy-DbaExtendedEvent -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -Force:$Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Extended Event migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$NoAgentServer) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating job server."
            try {
                Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent -Source $sourceserver -Destination $destserver -DisableJobsOnDestination:$DisableJobsOnDestination -DisableJobsOnSource:$DisableJobsOnSource -Force:$Force
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Job Server migration reported the following error $($_.Exception.Message)."
            }
        }

    }

    end {
        $totaltime = ($elapsed.Elapsed.toString().Split(".")[0])

        if ($sourceserver.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $true) {
            $sourceserver.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        }
        if ($destserver.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $true) {
            $destserver.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        }

        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing SQL Server migration finished message")) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server migration complete."
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration started: $started"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration completed: $(Get-Date)"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totaltime"
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Starts Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Starts Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The name of the Collector Set to start.
     
        .PARAMETER NoWait
            If this switch is enabled, the collector is started and the results are returned immediately.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Attempts to start all ready Collectors on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017
     
            Attempts to start all ready Collectors on localhost.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
     
            Starts the 'System Correlation' Collector on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Starts the 'System Correlation' Collector.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName=$env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$NoWait,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $wait = $NoWait -eq $false
        
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $wait = $args[1]
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.Query($setname, $null)
            $null = $collectorset.Start($wait)
        }
    }
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }
        
        # Check to see if its running first
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $setname = $set.Name
            $computer = $set.ComputerName
            $status = $set.State
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$setname on $ComputerName is $status."
            if ($status -eq "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is already running." -Continue
            }
            if ($status -eq "Disabled") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is disabled." -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer using Invoke-Command."
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $wait -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure starting $setname on $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
            
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $setname
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaPowerBi {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Launches the PowerBi dashboard for dbatools
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Launches the PowerBi dashboard for dbatools
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The location of the pbix file. "$script:ModuleRoot\bin\pbix\dbatools.pbix" by default.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Enables piping.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaPowerBi
 
            Launches PowerBi from "$script:ModuleRoot\bin\pbix\dbatools.pbix" using "C:\windows\Temp\dbatools\" (generated by Update-DbaPowerBiDataSource) as the datasource.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaPowerBi -Path \\nas\projects\dbatools.pbix
 
            Launches \\nas\projects\dbatools.pbix
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string]$Path = "$script:ModuleRoot\bin\pbix\dbatools.pbix",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [pscustomobject]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
            Stop-PSFFunction -Message "$Path does not exist"
            return
        }

        $association = Get-ItemProperty "Registry::HKEY_Classes_root\.pbix" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        if (-not $association) {
            Stop-PSFFunction -Message ".pbix not associated with any program. Please (re)install Power BI"
            return
        }

        if ($Path -match "Program Files") {
            $newpath = "$script:localapp\dbatools.pbix"
            #if ((Test-Path -Path $newpath)) { # Would be nice if we could tell if it needed to be replaced or not
            #I suppose we could use dbatools versioning and wintemp?
            Copy-Item -Path $Path -Destination $newpath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $Path = $newpath
        }

        try {
            Invoke-Item -Path $path
        }
        catch {
            Stop-PSFFunction -Message "Failure" -Exception $_
            return
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaSqlService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Starts SQL Server services on a computer.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Starts the SQL Server related services on one or more computers. Will follow SQL Server service dependencies.
 
    Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
    .PARAMETER InstanceName
    Only affects services that belong to the specific instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
    Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"
 
    .PARAMETER Timeout
    How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on. Specify 0 to wait indefinitely.
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceCollection
    A collection of services from Get-DbaSqlService
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov( @nvarscar )
    Tags:
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaSqlService
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
    Starts the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    'sql1','sql2','sql3'| Get-DbaSqlService | Start-DbaSqlService
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 and starts them.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Instance MSSQLSERVER
 
    Starts the SQL Server services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS
 
    Starts the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Server", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server", Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Service")]
        [object[]]$ServiceCollection,
        [int]$Timeout = 30,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $processArray = @()
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Server") {
            $serviceParams = @{ ComputerName = $ComputerName }
            if ($InstanceName) { $serviceParams.InstanceName = $InstanceName }
            if ($Type) { $serviceParams.Type = $Type }
            if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
            if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
            $serviceCollection = Get-DbaSqlService @serviceParams
        }
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $processArray += $serviceCollection
    }
    end {
        $processArray = $processArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.ServiceType -in $Type) }
        if ($processArray) {
            Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $processArray -Action 'start' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
        }
        else { Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No SQL Server services found with current parameters." -Category ObjectNotFound }
    }
}
function Start-DbaTrace {
     <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Start a list of trace(s) from specified SQL Server Instance
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        This command starts a trace on a SQL Server Instance
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
        .PARAMETER Id
        A list of trace ids
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter for piping
     
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
       .EXAMPLE
        Start-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008
 
        Starts all traces on sql2008
     
        .EXAMPLE
        Start-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 -Id 1
 
        Starts all trace with ID 1 on sql2008
     
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Start-DbaTrace
 
        Starts selected traces on sql2008
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id $Id
        }
        
        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }
            
            $server = $trace.Parent
            $traceid = $trace.id
            $default = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Default
            
            if ($default.id -eq $traceid) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The default trace on $server cannot be started. Use Set-DbaSpConfigure to turn it on." -Continue
            }
            
            $sql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 1"
            
            try {
                $server.Query($sql)
                Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Id $traceid
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                return
            }
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Starts Extended Events sessions.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This script starts Extended Events sessions on a SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Only start specific Extended Events sessions.
 
        .PARAMETER AllSessions
            Start all Extended Events sessions on an instance, ignoring the packaged sessions: AlwaysOn_health, system_health, telemetry_xevents.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Internal parameter to support piping from Get-DbaXESession
 
        .PARAMETER StopAt
            Specifies a datetime at which the session will be stopped. This is done via a self-deleting schedule.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Author: Doug Meyers
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaXESession
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllSessions
 
            Starts all Extended Event Session on the sqlserver2014 instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2
 
            Starts the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Start-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2 -StopAt (Get-Date).AddMinutes(30)
 
            Starts the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions and stops them in 30 minutes.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1 | Start-DbaXESession
 
            Starts the sessions returned from the Get-DbaXESession function.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Session')]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,
        [datetime]$StopAt,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [switch]$AllSessions,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Start each XESession
        function Start-XESessions {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions)

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $instance = $xe.Parent.Name
                $session = $xe.Name
                if (-Not $xe.isRunning) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting XEvent Session $session on $instance."
                    try {
                        $xe.Start()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not start XEvent Session on $instance." -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$session on $instance is already running."
                }
                Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $xe.Parent -Session $session
            }
        }

        function New-StopJob {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions,
                [datetime]$StopAt
            )

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $server = $xe.Parent
                $session = $xe.Name
                $name = "XE Session Stop - $session"

                # Setup the schedule time
                $time = ($StopAt).ToString("HHmmss")

                # Create the schedule
                $schedule = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $server -Schedule $name -FrequencyType Once -StartTime ($StopAt).ToString("HHmmss") -Force

                # Create the job and attach the schedule
                $job = New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server -Job $name -Schedule $schedule -DeleteLevel Always -Force

                # Create the job step
                $sql = "ALTER EVENT SESSION [$session] ON SERVER STATE = stop;"
                $jobstep = New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance $server -Job $job -StepName 'T-SQL Stop' -Subsystem TransactSql -Command $sql -Force
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject) {
            Start-XESessions $InputObject
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $xeSessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                # Filter xeSessions based on parameters
                if ($Session) {
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
                }
                elseif ($AllSessions) {
                    $systemSessions = @('AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health', 'telemetry_xevents')
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $systemSessions }
                }

                Start-XESessions $xeSessions

                if ($StopAt) {
                    New-StopJob -xeSessions $xeSessions -StopAt $stopat
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            XESmartTarget runs as a client application for an Extended Events session running on a SQL Server instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            XESmartTarget offers the ability to set up complex actions in response to Extended Events captured in sessions, without writing a single line of code.
 
            See more at https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Name of the Extended Events session to attach to.
 
            You can monitor a single session with an instance of XESmartTarget. In case you need to perform action on multiple sessions, run an additional instance of XESmartTarget, with its own configuration file.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the name of the database that contains the target table.
 
        .PARAMETER FailOnProcessingError
            If this switch is enabled, the a processing error will trigger a failure.
 
        .PARAMETER Responder
            The list of responses can include zero or more Response objects, each to be configured by specifying values for their public members.
 
        .PARAMETER Template
            Path to the dbatools built-in templates
 
        .PARAMETER NotAsJob
            If this switch is enabled, output will be sent to screen indefinitely. BY default, a job will be run in the background.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaXESmartTarget
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $response = New-DbaXESmartQueryExec -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Query "update table set whatever = 1"
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response
 
            Executes a T-SQL command against dbadb on sql2017 whenever a deadlock event is recorded.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $response = New-DbaXESmartQueryExec -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Query "update table set whatever = 1"
            $params = @{
                SmtpServer = "smtp.ad.local"
                To = "admin@ad.local"
                Sender = "reports@ad.local"
                Subject = "Query executed"
                Body = "Query executed at {collection_time}"
                Attachment = "batch_text"
                AttachmentFileName = "query.sql"
            }
            $emailresponse = New-DbaXESmartEmail @params
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session querytracker -Responder $response, $emailresponse
 
            Executes a T-SQL command against dbadb on sql2017 and sends an email whenever a querytracker event is recorded.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $columns = "cpu_time", "duration", "physical_reads", "logical_reads", "writes", "row_count", "batch_text"
            $response = New-DbaXESmartTableWriter -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Table deadlocktracker -OutputColumns $columns -Filter "duration > 10000"
            Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response
 
            Writes Extended Events to the deadlocktracker table in dbadb on sql2017.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Session,
        [switch]$FailOnProcessingError,
        [object[]]$Responder,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [switch]$NotAsJob,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Start-SmartFunction {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
                [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
                [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
                [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                [string]$Database,
                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                [string]$Session,
                [switch]$FailOnProcessingError,
                [object[]]$Responder,
                [string[]]$Template,
                [switch]$NotAsJob,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )
            begin {
                try {
                    Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
                    return
                }
            }
            process {
                if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

                foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    $target = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Target
                    $target.ServerName = $instance
                    $target.SessionName = $Session
                    $target.FailOnProcessingError = $FailOnProcessingError

                    if ($SqlCredential) {
                        $target.UserName = $SqlCredential.UserName
                        $target.Password = $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    }

                    foreach ($response in $Responder) {
                        $target.Responses.Add($response)
                    }

                    try {
                        $target.Start()
                    }
                    catch {
                        $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException | Out-String
                        
                        if ($message) {
                            Stop-Function -Message $message -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
                        }
                        else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target "XESmartTarget" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if (-not ($xesession = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Session $Session does not exist on $instance."
                return
            }
            if ($xesession.Status -ne "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Session $Session on $instance is not running."
                return
            }
        }

        if ($NotAsJob) {
            Start-SmartFunction @PSBoundParameters
        }
        else {
            $date = (Get-Date -UFormat "%H%M%S") #"%m%d%Y%H%M%S"
            Start-Job -Name "XESmartTarget-$session-$date" -ArgumentList $PSBoundParameters, $script:PSModuleRoot -ScriptBlock {
                param (
                    $Parameters,
                    $ModulePath
                )
                Import-Module "$ModulePath\dbatools.psd1"
                Add-Type -Path "$ModulePath\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
                $params = @{
                    SqlInstance    = $Parameters.SqlInstance.InputObject
                    Database       = $Parameters.Database
                    Session        = $Parameters.Session
                    Responder      = @()
                }
                if ($Parameters.SqlCredential) {
                    $params["SqlCredential"] = $Parameters.SqlCredential
                }
                foreach ($responder in $Parameters.Responder) {
                    $typename = $responder.PSObject.TypeNames[0] -replace "^Deserialized\.", ""
                    $newResponder = New-Object -TypeName $typename
                    foreach ($property in $responder.PSObject.Properties) {
                        if ($property.Value) {
                            $name = $property.Name
                            $newResponder.$name = $property.Value
                        }
                    }
                    $params["Responder"] += $newResponder
                }
                
                Start-DbaXESmartTarget @params -NotAsJob -FailOnProcessingError
            } | Select-Object -Property ID, Name, State
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Stops a running SQL Server Agent Job.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command stops a job then returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Wait
            Wait for output until the job has completely stopped
 
        .PARAMETER JobCollection
            Internal parameter that enables piping
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Job, Agent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaAgentJob
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Stops all running SQL Agent Jobs on the local SQL Server instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture | Stop-DbaAgentJob
 
            Stops the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture
 
            Stops the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Job,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Object")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$JobCollection,
        [switch]$Wait,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobcollection += $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $jobcollection = $jobcollection | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobcollection = $jobcollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
        }

        foreach ($currentjob in $JobCollection) {

            $server = $currentjob.Parent.Parent
            $status = $currentjob.CurrentRunStatus

            if ($status -eq 'Idle') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$currentjob on $server is idle ($status)" -Target $currentjob -Continue
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Stopping job $currentjob")) {
                $null = $currentjob.Stop()
                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 300
                $currentjob.Refresh()

                $waits = 0
                while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle' -and $waits++ -lt 10) {
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
                    $currentjob.Refresh()
                }

                if ($wait) {
                    while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle') {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "$currentjob is $($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus)"
                        Start-Sleep -Seconds 3
                        $currentjob.Refresh()
                    }
                    $currentjob
                }
                else {
                    $currentjob
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Stops Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Stops Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target computer. Defaults to localhost.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER CollectorSet
            The name of the Collector Set to stop.
     
        .PARAMETER NoWait
            If this switch is enabled, the collector is stopped and the results are returned immediately.
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
     
        .NOTES
            Tags: PerfMon
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
     
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Attempts to stop all ready Collectors on localhost.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017
     
            Attempts to stop all ready Collectors on localhost.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential (Get-Credential) -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'
     
            Stops the 'System Correlation' Collector on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.
     
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
     
            Stops the 'System Correlation' Collector.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$NoWait,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sets = @()
        $wait = $NoWait -eq $false
        
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $wait = $args[1]
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.Query($setname, $null)
            $null = $collectorset.Stop($wait)
        }
    }
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }
        
        # Check to see if its running first
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $setname = $set.Name
            $computer = $set.ComputerName
            $status = $set.State
            
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$setname on $ComputerName is $status."
            if ($status -ne "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is already stopped." -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer using Invoke-Command."
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $wait -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure stopping $setname on $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
            
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $setname
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaProcess {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This command finds and kills SQL Server processes.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This command kills all spids associated with a spid, login, host, program or database.
 
            If you are attempting to kill your own login sessions, the process performing the kills will be skipped.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Spid
            Specifies one or more spids to be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            Specifies one or more login names whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only login names that have active processes are offered.
 
        .PARAMETER Hostname
            Specifies one or more client hostnames whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only hostnames that have active processes are offered.
 
        .PARAMETER Program
            Specifies one or more client programs whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only programs that have active processes are offered.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more databases whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only databases that have active processes are offered.
 
            This parameter is auto-populated from -SqlInstance and allows only database names that have active processes. You can specify one or more Databases whose processes will be killed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeSpid
            Specifies one or more spids which will not be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
            Exclude is the last filter to run, so even if a spid matches (for example) Hosts, if it's listed in Exclude it wil be excluded.
 
        .PARAMETER ProcessCollection
            This is the process object passed by Get-DbaProcess if using a pipeline.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Processes
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaProcess
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login base\ctrlb, sa
 
            Finds all processes for base\ctrlb and sa on sqlserver2014a, then kills them. Uses Windows Authentication to login to sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential -Spids 56, 77
 
            Finds processes for spid 56 and 57, then kills them. Uses alternative (SQL or Windows) credentials to login to sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Programs 'Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio'
 
            Finds processes that were created in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, then kills them.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Hosts workstationx, server100
 
            Finds processes that were initiated by hosts (computers/clients) workstationx and server 1000, then kills them.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database tempdb -WhatIf
 
            Shows what would happen if the command were executed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sql2016 -Programs 'dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io' | Stop-DbaProcess
 
            Finds processes that were created with dbatools, then kills them.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Spid,
        [int[]]$ExcludeSpid,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$Hostname,
        [string[]]$Program,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Process")]
        [object[]]$ProcessCollection,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (!$ProcessCollection) {
            $ProcessCollection = Get-DbaProcess @PSBoundParameters
        }

        foreach ($session in $ProcessCollection) {
            $sourceserver = $session.Parent

            if (!$sourceserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Only process objects can be passed through the pipeline." -Category InvalidData -Target $session
                return
            }

            $currentspid = $session.spid

            if ($sourceserver.ConnectionContext.ProcessID -eq $currentspid) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Skipping spid $currentspid because you cannot use KILL to kill your own process." -Target $session
                Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Killing spid $currentspid")) {
                try {
                    $sourceserver.KillProcess($currentspid)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        SqlInstance = $sourceserver.name
                        Spid        = $session.Spid
                        Login       = $session.Login
                        Host        = $session.Host
                        Database    = $session.Database
                        Program     = $session.Program
                        Status      = 'Killed'
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't kill spid $currentspid." -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaSqlService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Stops SQL Server services on a computer.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Stops the SQL Server related services on one or more computers. Will follow SQL Server service dependencies.
 
    Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
    .PARAMETER InstanceName
    Only affects services that belong to the specific instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
    Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"
 
    .PARAMETER Timeout
    How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on. Specify 0 to wait indefinitely.
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceCollection
    A collection of services from Get-DbaSqlService
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    Use this switch to stop dependent services before proceeding with the specified service
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    Will stop dependent SQL Server agents when stopping Engine services.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov( @nvarscar )
    Tags:
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaSqlService
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Stop-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
    Stops the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    'sql1','sql2','sql3'| Get-DbaSqlService | Stop-DbaSqlService
 
    Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 and stops them.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Stop-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Instance MSSQLSERVER
 
    Stops the SQL Server services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Stop-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS
 
    Stops the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Stop-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Engine -Force
 
    Stops SQL Server database engine services on sql1 forcing dependent SQL Server Agent services to stop as well.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Server", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server", Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Service")]
        [object[]]$ServiceCollection,
        [int]$Timeout = 30,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $processArray = @()
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Server") {
            $serviceParams = @{ ComputerName = $ComputerName }
            if ($InstanceName) { $serviceParams.InstanceName = $InstanceName }
            if ($Type) { $serviceParams.Type = $Type }
            if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
            if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
            $serviceCollection = Get-DbaSqlService @serviceParams
        }
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $processArray += $serviceCollection
    }
    end {
        $processArray = [array]($processArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.ServiceType -in $Type) })
        foreach ($service in $processArray) {
            if ($Force -and $service.ServiceType -eq 'Engine' -and !($processArray | Where-Object { $_.ServiceType -eq 'Agent' -and $_.InstanceName -eq $service.InstanceName -and $_.ComputerName -eq $service.ComputerName })) {
                #Construct parameters to call Get-DbaSqlService
                $serviceParams = @{
                    ComputerName = $service.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $service.InstanceName
                    Type         = 'Agent'
                }
                if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
                if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
                $processArray += @(Get-DbaSqlService @serviceParams)
            }
        }
        if ($processArray) {
            Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $processArray -Action 'stop' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
        }
        else { Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No SQL Server services found with current parameters." -Category ObjectNotFound }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaTrace {
     <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Stop a list of trace(s) from specified SQL Server Instance
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        This command stops a trace on a SQL Server Instance
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A SQL Server instance to connect to
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication
 
        .PARAMETER Id
        A list of trace ids
     
        .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter for piping
     
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
       .EXAMPLE
        Stop-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008
 
        Stops all traces on sql2008
     
        .EXAMPLE
        Stop-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 -Id 1
 
        Stops all trace with ID 1 on sql2008
     
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Stop-DbaTrace
 
        Stops selected traces on sql2008
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id $Id
        }
        
        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }
            
            $server = $trace.Parent
            $traceid = $trace.id
            $default = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Default
            
            if ($default.id -eq $traceid) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The default trace on $server cannot be stopped. Use Set-DbaSpConfigure to turn it off." -Continue
            }
            
            $sql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 0"
            
            try {
                $server.Query($sql)
                $output = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Id $traceid
                if (-not $output) {
                    $output = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName            = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName            = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance             = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Id                      = $traceid
                        Status                  = $null
                        IsRunning               = $false
                        Path                    = $null
                        MaxSize                 = $null
                        StopTime                = $null
                        MaxFiles                = $null
                        IsRowset                = $null
                        IsRollover              = $null
                        IsShutdown              = $null
                        IsDefault               = $null
                        BufferCount             = $null
                        BufferSize              = $null
                        FilePosition            = $null
                        ReaderSpid              = $null
                        StartTime               = $null
                        LastEventTime           = $null
                        EventCount              = $null
                        DroppedEventCount       = $null
                        Parent                  = $server
                    } | Select-DefaultView -Property 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Id', 'IsRunning'
                }
                $output
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                return
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Stops Extended Events sessions.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This script stops Extended Events sessions on a SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Specifies individual Extended Events sessions to stop.
 
        .PARAMETER AllSessions
            If this switch is enabled, all Extended Events sessions will be stopped except the packaged sessions AlwaysOn_health, system_health, telemetry_xevents.
 
        .PARAMETER SessionCollection
            Accepts the object output by Get-DbaXESession as the list of sessions to be stopped.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Author: Doug Meyers
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaXESession
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllSessions
 
            Stops all Extended Event Session on the sqlserver2014 instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2
 
            Stops the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1 | Stop-DbaXESession
 
            Stops the sessions returned from the Get-DbaXESession function.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Session')]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [switch]$AllSessions,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$SessionCollection,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Stop each XESession
        function Stop-XESessions {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions)

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $instance = $xe.Parent.Name
                $session = $xe.Name
                if ($xe.isRunning) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Stopping XEvent Session $session on $instance."
                    try {
                        $xe.Stop()
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop XEvent Session on $instance" -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$session on $instance is already stopped"
                }
                Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $xe.Parent -Session $session
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($SessionCollection) {
            Stop-XESessions $SessionCollection
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $xeSessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                # Filter xesessions based on parameters
                if ($Session) {
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
                }
                elseif ($AllSessions) {
                    $systemSessions = @('AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health', 'telemetry_xevents')
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $systemSessions }
                }

                Stop-XESessions $xeSessions
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Stops an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job. Useful if you want to run a target, but not right now.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Stops an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job. Useful if you want to run a target, but not right now.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            The XESmartTarget job object.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
             
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
            SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaXESmartTarget
            https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Stop-DbaXESmartTarget
 
            Stops all XESmartTarget jobs.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Where-Object Id -eq 2 | Stop-DbaXESmartTarget
 
            Stops a specific XESmartTarget job.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Stopping job $id")) {
            try {
                $id = $InputObject.Id
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Stopping job $id, this may take a couple minutes."
                Get-Job -ID $InputObject.Id | Stop-Job
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Successfully Stopped $id. If you need to remove the job for good, use Remove-DbaXESmartTarget."
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Copies SQL login permission from one server to another.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Syncs only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. Does not add or drop logins. If a matching login does not exist on the destination, the login will be skipped. Credential removal is not currently supported for this operation.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            The login(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
            The login(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration, Login
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
            Limitations: Does not support Application Roles yet
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            Syncs only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. Does not add or drop logins or users. To copy logins and their permissions, use Copy-SqlLogin.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Exclude realcajun -SourceSqlCredential $scred -DestinationSqlCredential $dcred
 
            Copies all login permissions except for realcajun using SQL Authentication to connect to each server. If a login already exists on the destination, the permissions will not be migrated.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Login realcajun, netnerds
 
            Copies permissions ONLY for logins netnerds and realcajun.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Sync-Only {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [object]$sourceServer,
                [object]$destServer,
                [array]$Logins,
                [array]$Exclude
            )

            try {
                $sa = ($destServer.Logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }
            catch {
                $sa = "sa"
            }

            foreach ($sourceLogin in $sourceServer.Logins) {

                $username = $sourceLogin.Name
                $currentLogin = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin

                if (!$Login -and $currentLogin -eq $username) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Sync does not modify the permissions of the current user. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                if ($null -ne $Logins -and $Logins -notcontains $username) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($Exclude -contains $username -or $username.StartsWith("##") -or $username -eq $sa) {
                    continue
                }

                $serverName = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer
                $userBase = ($username.Split("\")[0]).ToLower()
                if ($serverName -eq $userBase -or $username.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                    continue
                }
                if ($null -eq ($destLogin = $destServer.Logins.Item($username))) {
                    continue
                }

                Update-SqlPermissions -SourceServer $sourceServer -SourceLogin $sourceLogin -DestServer $destServer -DestLogin $destLogin
            }
        }

        if ($source -eq $destination) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Source and Destination SQL Servers are the same. Quitting."
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to SQL Servers."
        $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 8
        $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 8

        $source = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (!$Login) {
            $logins = $sourceServer.Logins.Name
        }

        Sync-Only -SourceServer $sourceServer -DestServer $destServer -Logins $logins -Exclude $ExcludeLogin
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Sync-SqlLoginPermissions
    }
}
function Test-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests a dbatools backuphistory object is correct for restoring
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Normally takes in a backuphistory object from Format-DbaBackupInformation
 
        This is then parse to check that it's valid for restore. Tests performed include:
            Checking unbroken LSN chain
            if the target database exists and WithReplace has been provided
            if any files already exist, but owned by other databases
            Creates any new folders required
            That the backupfiles exists at the location specified, and can be seen by the Sql Instance
 
        if no errors are found then the objects for that database will me marked as Verified.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        dbatools BackupHistory object. Normally this will have been process with Select- and then Format-DbaBackupInformation
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The Sql Server instance that wil be performing the restore
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A Sql Credential to connect to $SqlInstance
 
    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        By default we won't overwrite an existing database, this switch tells us you want to
 
    .PARAMETER Continue
        Switch to indicate a continuing restore
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        This switch indicates that you only wish to verify a restore, so runs a smaller number of tests as you won't be writing anything to the restore servere
 
    .PARAMETER Whatif
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
    .EXAMPLE
 
        $BackupHistory | Test-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance MyInstance
 
        $PassedDbs = $BackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -eq $True}
        $FailedDbs = $BackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -ne $True}
 
        Pass in a BackupHistory object to be tested against MyInstance.
 
        Those records that pass are marked as verified. We can then use the IsVerified property to divide the failures and succeses
 
    .NOTES
    Author:Stuart Moore (@napalmgram stuart-moore.com )
    DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaBackupInformation
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$BackupHistory,
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $RestoreInstance = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        $InternalHistory = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($bh in $BackupHistory) {
            $InternalHistory += $bh
        }
    }
    end {
        $RegisteredFileCheck = Get-DbaDbPhysicalFile -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance

        $Databases = $InternalHistory.Database | Select-Object -Unique
        foreach ($Database in $Databases) {
            $VerificationErrors = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Testing restore for $Database" -Level Verbose
            #Test we're only restoring backups from one database, or hilarity will ensure
            $DbHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}
            if (( $DbHistory | Select-Object -Property OriginalDatabase -Unique ).Count -gt 1) {
                Write-Message -Message "Trying to restore $Database from multiple sources databases" -Level Warning
                $VerificationErrors++
            }
            #Test Db Existance on destination
            $DbCheck = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Database $Database
            # Only do file and db tests if we're not verifing
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VerifyOnly = $VerifyOnly"
            If ($VerifyOnly -ne $true) {
                if ($null -ne $DbCheck -and ($WithReplace -ne $true -and $Continue -ne $true)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Database $Database exists and WithReplace not specified, stopping" -Level Warning
                    $VerificationErrors++
                }

                $DBFileCheck = ($RegisteredFileCheck | Where-Object Name -eq $Database).PhysicalName
                $OtherFileCheck = ($RegisteredFileCheck | Where-Object Name -ne $Database).PhysicalName
                $DBHistoryPhysicalPaths = ($DbHistory | Select-Object -ExpandProperty filelist | Select-Object PhysicalName -Unique).PhysicalName
                $DBHistoryPhysicalPathsTest = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $DBHistoryPhysicalPaths
                $DBHistoryPhysicalPathsExists = ($DBHistoryPhysicalPathsTest | Where-Object FileExists -eq $True).FilePath
                foreach ($path in $DBHistoryPhysicalPaths) {
                    if (($DBHistoryPhysicalPathsTest | Where-Object FilePath -eq $path).FileExists) {
                        if ($path -in $DBFileCheck) {
                            #If the Files are owned by the db we're restoring check for Continue or WithReplace. If not, then report error otherwise just carry on
                            if  ($WithReplace -ne $True -and $Continue -ne $True) {
                                Write-Message -Message "File $path already exists on $SqlInstance and WithReplace not specified, cannot restore" -Level Warning
                                $VerificationErrors++
                            }
                        }
                        elseif ($path -in $OtherFileCheck) {
                            Write-Message -Message "File $path already exists on $SqlInstance and owned by another database, cannot restore" -Level Warning
                            $VerificationErrors++
                        }
                        elseif ($path -in $DBHistoryPhysicalPathsExists) {
                                Write-Message -Message "File $path already exists on $($SqlInstance.NetName), not owned by any database in $SqlInstance, will not overwrite." -Level Warning
                                $VerificationErrors++
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $ParentPath = Split-Path $path -Parent
                        if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $ParentPath) ) {
                            $ConfirmMessage = "`n Creating Folder $ParentPath on $SqlInstance `n"
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Path on $SqlInstance `n `n", $ConfirmMessage)) {
                                if (New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $ParentPath) {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Created Folder $ParentPath on $SqlInstance" -Level Verbose
                                }
                                else {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Failed to create $ParentPath on $SqlInstance" -Level Warning
                                    $VerificationErrors++
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                #Easier to do FileStream checks out of the loop:
                if ('s' -in ($DbHistory | Select-Object -ExpandProperty filelist | Select-Object FileType -Unique).FileType) {
                    if ((Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -ConfigName FilestreamAccessLevel).RunningValue -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $Database contains FileStream data, and FileStream is not enable on the destination server"
                        $VerificationErrors++
                    }

                    $ExistingFS = Get-DbaFileStreamFolder -SqlInstance $SqlInstance
                    foreach ($FileStreamFolder in ($DbHistory | Select-Object -ExpandProperty filelist | Where-Object {$_.FileType -eq 's'} | Select-Object PhysicalName -unique).PhysicalName) {
                        if ($null -ne $ExistingFS) {
                            if ($null -ne ($ExistingFs | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}) -and $Withreplace -ne $True) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Folder $FileStreamFolder already in use for Filestream data on $SqlInstance and WithReplace not specified, cannot restore"
                                $VerificationErrors++
                            }
                            $OtherOwners = $ExistingFs | Where-Object {$_.FileStreamFolder -eq $FileStreamFolder -and $_.Database -ne $Database}
                            if ($null -ne $OtherOwners) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Folder $FileStreamFolder already in use for Filestream data by $($OtherOwners.Database) on $SqlInstance, cannot restore"
                                $VerificationErrors++
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

            }

            #Test all backups readable
            $allpaths = $DbHistory | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
            $allpaths_validity = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $allpaths
            foreach ($path in $allpaths_validity) {
                if ($path.FileExists -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Backup File $($path.FilePath) cannot be read" -Level Warning
                    $VerificationErrors++
                }
            }
            #Test for LSN chain
            if ($true -ne $Continue) {
                if (!($DbHistory | Test-DbaLsnChain)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "LSN Check failed" -Level Verbose
                    $VerificationErrors++
                }
            }
            if ($VerificationErrors -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Message "Marking $Database as verified" -Level Verbose
                $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database} | foreach-Object {$_.IsVerified = $True}
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Message "Verification errors = $VerificationErrors - Has not Passed" -Level Verbose
            }
        }
        $InternalHistory
    }
}
function Test-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests over which paths a computer can be managed.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Tests over which paths a computer can be managed.
 
        This function tries out the connectivity for:
            - Cim over WinRM
            - Cim over DCOM
            - Wmi
            - PowerShellRemoting
        Results will be written to the connectivity cache and will cause Get-DbaCmObject and Invoke-DbaCmMethod to connect using the way most likely to succeed. This way, it is likely the other commands will take less time to execute. These others too cache their results, in order to dynamically update connection statistics.
 
        This function ignores global configuration settings limiting which protocols may be used.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to test against.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credentials to use when running the test. Bad credentials are automatically cached as non-working. This behavior can be disabled by the 'Cache.Management.Disable.BadCredentialList' configuration.
 
    .PARAMETER Type
        The connection protocol types to test.
        By default, all types are tested.
 
        Note that this function will ignore global configurations limiting the types of connections available and test all connections specified here instead.
 
        Available connection protocol types: "CimRM", "CimDCOM", "Wmi", "PowerShellRemoting"
 
    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Alert will be dropped and recreated on Destination.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Fred Winmann (@FredWeinmann)
        Tags: ComputerManagement
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        **This function should not be called from within dbatools. It is meant as a tool for users only.**
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaCmConnection
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014
 
        Performs a full-spectrum connection test against the computer sql2014. The results will be reported and registered. Future calls from Get-DbaCmObject will recognize the results and optimize the query.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014 -Credential $null -Type CimDCOM, CimRM
 
        This test will run a connectivity test of CIM over DCOM and CIM over WinRM against the computer sql2014 using Windows Authentication.
 
        The results will be reported and registered. Future calls from Get-DbaCmObject will recognize the results and optimize the query.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType[]]
        $Type = @("CimRM", "CimDCOM", "Wmi", "PowerShellRemoting"),

        [switch]
        $Force,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    Begin {
        #region Configuration Values
        $disable_cache = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name "ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.All" -Fallback $false
        $disable_badcredentialcache = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name "ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.BadCredentialList" -Fallback $false
        #endregion Configuration Values

        #region Helper Functions
        function Test-ConnectionCimRM {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                $os = $ComputerName.Connection.GetCimRMInstance($Credential, "Win32_OperatingSystem", "root\cimv2")

                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
            catch {
                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $false
                    }
                }
                else {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $true
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-ConnectionCimDCOM {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                $os = $ComputerName.Connection.GetCimDComInstance($Credential, "Win32_OperatingSystem", "root\cimv2")

                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
            catch {
                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $false
                    }
                }
                else {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $true
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-ConnectionWmi {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [string]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                $os = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -ErrorAction Stop
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
            catch [System.UnauthorizedAccessException] {
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Error"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $false
                }
            }
            catch {
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Error"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-ConnectionPowerShellRemoting {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [string]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                $parameters = @{
                    ScriptBlock  = { Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -ErrorAction Stop }
                    ComputerName = $ComputerName
                    ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                }
                if ($Credential) { $parameters["Credential"] = $Credential }
                $os = Invoke-Command @parameters

                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
            catch {
                # Will always consider authenticated, since any call with credentials to a server that doesn't exist will also carry invalid credentials error.
                # There simply is no way to differentiate between actual authentication errors and server not reached
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Error"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Helper Functions
    }
    Process {
        foreach ($ConnectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $ConnectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret input: $($ConnectionObject.Input)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $ConnectionObject.Input -Continue}

            $Computer = $ConnectionObject.Connection.ComputerName.ToLower()
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management connection"

            #region Setup connection object
            $con = $ConnectionObject.Connection
            #endregion Setup connection object

            #region Handle credentials
            $BadCredentialsFound = $false
            if ($con.DisableBadCredentialCache) { $con.KnownBadCredentials.Clear() }
            elseif ($con.IsBadCredential($Credential) -and (-not $Force)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied are on the list of known bad credentials, skipping. Use -Force to override this." -Continue -Category InvalidArgument -Target $Computer
            }
            elseif ($con.IsBadCredential($Credential) -and $Force) {
                $con.RemoveBadCredential($Credential)
            }
            #endregion Handle credentials

            #region Connectivity Tests
            :types foreach ($ConnectionType in $Type) {
                switch ($ConnectionType) {
                    #region CimRM
                    "CimRM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using CIM over WinRM"
                        $res = Test-ConnectionCimRM -ComputerName $con -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastCimRM = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.CimRM = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] CIM over WinRM Results | Success: $($res.Success), Authentication: $($res.Authenticated)"

                        if (-not $res.Authenticated) {
                            Write-Message -Level Important -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied proved to be invalid. Skipping further tests"
                            $con.AddBadCredential($Credential)
                            break types
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimRM

                    #region CimDCOM
                    "CimDCOM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using CIM over DCOM."
                        $res = Test-ConnectionCimDCOM -ComputerName $con -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastCimDCOM = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.CimDCOM = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] CIM over DCOM Results | Success: $($res.Success), Authentication: $($res.Authenticated)"

                        if (-not $res.Authenticated) {
                            Write-Message -Level Important -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied proved to be invalid. Skipping further tests."
                            $con.AddBadCredential($Credential)
                            break types
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimDCOM

                    #region Wmi
                    "Wmi" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using WMI."
                        $res = Test-ConnectionWmi -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastWmi = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.Wmi = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] WMI Results | Success: $($res.Success), Authentication: $($res.Authenticated)"

                        if (-not $res.Authenticated) {
                            Write-Message -Level Important -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied proved to be invalid. Skipping further tests"
                            $con.AddBadCredential($Credential)
                            break types
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion Wmi

                    #region PowerShell Remoting
                    "PowerShellRemoting" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using PowerShell Remoting."
                        $res = Test-ConnectionPowerShellRemoting -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastPowerShellRemoting = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.PowerShellRemoting = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] PowerShell Remoting Results | Success: $($res.Success)"
                    }
                    #endregion PowerShell Remoting
                }
            }
            #endregion Connectivity Tests

            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$Computer] = $con }
            $con
        }
    }
    End {

    }
}

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Test-DbaConnection {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tests the connection to a single instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Tests the ability to connect to an SQL Server instance outputting information about the server and instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to test connection
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the Computer as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaConnection SQL2016
 
            ComputerName : SQL2016
            InstanceName : MSSQLSERVER
            SqlInstance : sql2016
            SqlVersion : 13.0.4001
            ConnectingAsUser : BASE\ctrlb
            ConnectSuccess : True
            AuthType : Windows Authentication
            AuthScheme : KERBEROS
            TcpPort : 1433
            IPAddress : 10.2.1.5
            NetBiosName : sql2016.base.local
            IsPingable : True
            PSRemotingAccessible : True
            DomainName : base.local
            LocalWindows : 10.0.15063.0
            LocalPowerShell : 5.1.15063.502
            LocalCLR : 4.0.30319.42000
            LocalSMOVersion : 13.0.0.0
            LocalDomainUser : True
            LocalRunAsAdmin : False
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: CIM, Test, Connection
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            # Get local environment
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting local environment information"
            $localInfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                Windows    = [environment]::OSVersion.Version.ToString()
                PowerShell = $PSVersionTable.PSversion.ToString()
                CLR        = $PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.ToString()
                SMO        = ((([AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }).FullName -Split ", ")[1]).TrimStart("Version=")
                DomainUser = $env:computername -ne $env:USERDOMAIN
                RunAsAdmin = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")
            }

            try {
                <# gather following properties #>
                <#
                        InputName :
                        ComputerName :
                        IPAddress :
                        DNSHostName :
                        DNSDomain :
                        Domain :
                        DNSHostEntry :
                        FQDN :
                        FullComputerName :
                     #>
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Credential $Credential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to resolve server information" -Category ConnectionError -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            # Test for WinRM #Test-WinRM neh
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking remote acccess"
            try {
                $null = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { Get-ChildItem } -ErrorAction Stop
                $remoting = $true
            }
            catch {
                $remoting = $_
            }

            # Test Connection first using Test-Connection which requires ICMP access then failback to tcp if pings are blocked
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing ping to $($instance.ComputerName)"
            $pingable = Test-Connection -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Count 1 -Quiet

            # SQL Server connection
            if ($instance.InstanceName -ne "MSSQLSERVER") {
                $sqlport = "N/A"
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing raw socket connection to default SQL port"
                $tcp = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
                try {
                    $tcp.Connect($baseaddress, 1433)
                    $tcp.Close()
                    $tcp.Dispose()
                    $sqlport = $true
                }
                catch {
                    $sqlport = $false
                }
            }

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance.FullSmoName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                $connectSuccess = $true
            }
            catch {
                $connectSuccess = $false
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue connection to SQL Server on $instance" -Category ConnectionError -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            $username = $server.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin
            if ($username -like "*\*") {
                $authType = "Windows Authentication"
            }
            else {
                $authType = "SQL Authentication"
            }

            # TCP Port
            try {
                $tcpport = (Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance $server -EnableException).Port
            }
            catch {
                $tcpport = $_
            }

            # Auth Scheme
            try {
                $authscheme = (Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance $server -WarningVariable authwarning -WarningAction SilentlyContinue).AuthScheme
            }
            catch {
                $authscheme = $_
            }

            if ($authwarning) {
                $authscheme = "N/A"
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName         = $resolved.ComputerName
                InstanceName         = $instance.InstanceName
                SqlInstance          = $instance.FullSmoName
                SqlVersion           = $server.Version
                ConnectingAsUser     = $username
                ConnectSuccess       = $connectSuccess
                AuthType             = $authType
                AuthScheme           = $authscheme
                TcpPort              = $tcpport
                IPAddress            = $resolved.IPAddress
                NetBiosName          = $resolved.FullComputerName
                IsPingable           = $pingable
                PSRemotingAccessible = $remoting
                DomainName           = $resolved.Domain
                LocalWindows         = $localInfo.Windows
                LocalPowerShell      = $localInfo.PowerShell
                LocalCLR             = $localInfo.CLR
                LocalSMOVersion      = $localInfo.SMO
                LocalDomainUser      = $localInfo.DomainUser
                LocalRunAsAdmin      = $localInfo.RunAsAdmin
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlConnection
    }
}
function Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns the transport protocol and authentication scheme of the connection. This is useful to determine if your connection is using Kerberos.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            By default, this command will return the ConnectName, ServerName, Transport and AuthScheme of the current connection.
 
            ConnectName is the name you used to connect. ServerName is the name that the SQL Server reports as its @@SERVERNAME which is used to register its SPN. If you were expecting a Kerberos connection and got NTLM instead, ensure ConnectName and ServerName match.
 
            If -Kerberos or -Ntlm is specified, the $true/$false results of the test will be returned. Returns $true or $false by default for one server. Returns Server name and Results for more than one server.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to. Server(s) must be SQL Server 2005 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER Kerberos
            If this switch is enabled, checks will be made for Kerberos authentication.
 
        .PARAMETER Ntlm
            If this switch is enabled, checks will be made for NTLM authentication.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
            .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SPN, Kerberos
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016
 
            Returns ConnectName, ServerName, Transport and AuthScheme for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Kerberos
 
            Returns $true or $false depending on if the connection is Kerberos or not.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Select-Object *
 
            Returns the results of "SELECT * from sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential", "Cred")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Kerberos,
        [switch]$Ntlm,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                            session_id as SessionId, most_recent_session_id as MostRecentSessionId, connect_time as ConnectTime,
                            net_transport as Transport, protocol_type as ProtocolType, protocol_version as ProtocolVersion,
                            endpoint_id as EndpointId, encrypt_option as EncryptOption, auth_scheme as AuthScheme, node_affinity as NodeAffinity,
                            num_reads as NumReads, num_writes as NumWrites, last_read as LastRead, last_write as LastWrite,
                            net_packet_size as PacketSize, client_net_address as ClientNetworkAddress, client_tcp_port as ClientTcpPort,
                            local_net_address as ServerNetworkAddress, local_tcp_port as ServerTcpPort, connection_id as ConnectionId,
                            parent_connection_id as ParentConnectionId, most_recent_sql_handle as MostRecentSqlHandle
                            FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting results for the following query: $sql."
            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -Exception $_ -Continue
            }

            # sorry, standards!
            if ($Kerberos -or $Ntlm) {
                if ($Ntlm) {
                    $auth = 'NTLM'
                }
                else {
                    $auth = 'Kerberos'
                }
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $results.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $results.InstanceName
                    SqlInstance  = $results.SqlInstance
                    Result       = ($server.AuthScheme -eq $auth)
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property SqlInstance, Result
            }
            else {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Transport, AuthScheme
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDatabaseCollation {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Compares Database Collations to Server Collation
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Compares Database Collations to Server Collation
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The target SQL Server instance or instances.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Database, Collation
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDatabaseCollation
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseCollation -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns server name, database name and true/false if the collations match for all databases on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseCollation -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2
 
            Returns inforamtion for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseCollation -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Exclude db1
 
            Returns information for database and server collations for all databases except db1 on sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Test-DbaDatabaseCollation
 
            Returns db/server collation information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Detailed"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name) on $servername."
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database          = $db.name
                    ServerCollation   = $server.collation
                    DatabaseCollation = $db.collation
                    IsEqual           = $db.collation -eq $server.collation
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Compares Database Compatibility level to Server Compatibility
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Compares Database Compatibility level to Server Compatibility
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if Credential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns server name, database name and true/false if the compatibility level match for all databases on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2
 
            Returns detailed information for database and server compatibility level for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Exclude db1
 
            Returns detailed information for database and server compatibility level for all databases except db1 on sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility
 
            Returns db/server compatibility information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType("System.Collections.ArrayList")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Detailed"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $serverversion = "Version$($server.VersionMajor)0"
            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name) on $instance."
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    ServerLevel           = $serverversion
                    Database              = $db.name
                    DatabaseCompatibility = $db.CompatibilityLevel
                    IsEqual               = $db.CompatibilityLevel -eq $serverversion
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDatabaseOwner {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Checks database owners against a login to validate which databases do not match that owner.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function will check all databases on an instance against a SQL login to validate if that
            login owns those databases or not. By default, the function will check against 'sa' for
            ownership, but the user can pass a specific login if they use something else.
 
            Best Practice reference: http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/dang/archive/2008/01/13/Database-Owner-Troubles.aspx
 
        .NOTES
            Tags:
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER TargetLogin
            Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDatabaseOwner
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseOwner -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all databases where the owner does not match 'sa'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDatabaseOwner -SqlInstance localhost -TargetLogin 'DOMAIN\account'
 
            Returns all databases where the owner does not match 'DOMAIN\account'.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string]$TargetLogin ,
        [Switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [Switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Detailed"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName TargetLogin -Not) {
                $TargetLogin = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Validate login
            if (($server.Logins.Name) -notmatch $TargetLogin) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$TargetLogin is not a valid login on $instance. Moving on." -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
        #use online/available dbs
        $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

        #filter database collection based on parameters
        if ($Database) {
            $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        #for each database, create custom object for return set.
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {

            if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue -Target $db
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking $db"
            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.NetName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Server       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database     = $db.Name
                DBState      = $db.Status
                CurrentOwner = $db.Owner
                TargetOwner  = $TargetLogin
                OwnerMatch   = ($db.owner -eq $TargetLogin)
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Server
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbCompression {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns tables and indexes with preferred compression setting.
     .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns the results of a full table/index compression analysis.
        This function returns the best option to date for either NONE, Page, or Row Compression.
        Remember Uptime is critical, the longer uptime, the more accurate the analysis is.
        You would probably be best if you utilized Get-DbaUptime first, before running this command.
 
        Test-DbaCompression script derived from GitHub and the tigertoolbox
        (https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/tree/master/Evaluate-Compression-Gains)
        In the output, you will find the following information:
        Column Percent_Update shows the percentage of update operations on a specific table, index, or partition,
        relative to total operations on that object. The lower the percentage of Updates
        (that is, the table, index, or partition is infrequently updated), the better candidate it is for page compression.
        Column Percent_Scan shows the percentage of scan operations on a table, index, or partition, relative to total
        operations on that object. The higher the value of Scan (that is, the table, index, or partition is mostly scanned),
        the better candidate it is for page compression.
        Column Compression_Type_Recommendation can have four possible outputs indicating where there is most gain,
        if any: 'PAGE', 'ROW', 'NO_GAIN' or '?'. When the output is '?' this approach could not give a recommendation,
        so as a rule of thumb I would lean to ROW if the object suffers mainly UPDATES, or PAGE if mainly INSERTS,
        but this is where knowing your workload is essential. When the output is 'NO_GAIN' well, that means that according
        to sp_estimate_data_compression_savings no space gains will be attained when compressing, as in the above output example,
        where compressing would grow the affected object.
 
        Note: Note that this script will execute on the context of the current database.
        Also be aware that this may take awhile to execute on large objects, because if the IS locks taken by the
        sp_estimate_data_compression_savings cannot be honored, the SP will be blocked.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object to connect as. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is autopopulated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is autopopulated from the server
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Jason Squires (@js_0505, jstexasdba@gmail.com)
        Tags: Compression, Table, Database
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaCompression
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaCompression -SqlInstance localhost
 
        Returns all user database files and free space information for the local host
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName | Out-GridView
        Returns results of all potential compression options for a single database
        with the recommendation of either Page or Row into and nicely formated GridView
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaCompression -SqlInstance ServerA
        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases
        with the recommendation of either Page or Row
    .EXAMPLE
        $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        Test-DbaCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -ExcludeDatabase Database -SqlCredential $cred
        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases
        with the recommendation of either Page or Row
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = 'Server1','Server2'
        foreach ($svr in $servers)
        {
            Test-DbaCompression -SqlInstance $svr | Export-Csv -Path C:\temp\CompressionAnalysisPAC.csv -Append
        }
 
        This produces a full analysis of all your servers listed and is pushed to a csv for you to
        analyize.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
        $sql = "SET NOCOUNT ON;
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##testdbacompression', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##testdbacompression
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimateRow', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimatePage', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage
 
CREATE TABLE ##testdbacompression (
    [Schema] SYSNAME
    ,[TableName] SYSNAME
    ,[IndexName] SYSNAME NULL
    ,[Partition] INT
    ,[IndexID] INT
    ,[IndexType] VARCHAR(12)
    ,[PercentScan] SMALLINT
    ,[PercentUpdate] SMALLINT
    ,[RowEstimatePercentOriginal] BIGINT
    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal] BIGINT
    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation] VARCHAR(7)
    ,SizeCurrent BIGINT
    ,SizeRequested BIGINT
    ,PercentCompression NUMERIC(10, 2)
    );
 
CREATE TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow (
    objname SYSNAME
    ,schname SYSNAME
    ,indid INT
    ,partnr INT
    ,SizeCurrent BIGINT
    ,SizeRequested BIGINT
    ,SampleCurrent BIGINT
    ,SampleRequested BIGINT
    );
 
CREATE TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage (
    objname SYSNAME
    ,schname SYSNAME
    ,indid INT
    ,partnr INT
    ,SizeCurrent BIGINT
    ,SizeRequested BIGINT
    ,SampleCurrent BIGINT
    ,SampleRequested BIGINT
    );
 
INSERT INTO ##testdbacompression (
    [Schema]
    ,[TableName]
    ,[IndexName]
    ,[Partition]
    ,[IndexID]
    ,[IndexType]
    ,[PercentScan]
    ,[PercentUpdate]
    )
SELECT s.NAME AS [Schema]
    ,o.NAME AS [TableName]
    ,x.NAME AS [IndexName]
    ,p.partition_number AS [Partition]
    ,x.Index_ID AS [IndexID]
    ,x.type_desc AS [IndexType]
    ,NULL AS [PercentScan]
    ,NULL AS [PercentUpdate]
FROM sys.objects o
INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON o.schema_id = s.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes x ON x.object_id = o.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.partitions p ON x.object_id = p.object_id
    AND x.Index_ID = p.Index_ID
WHERE objectproperty(o.object_id, 'IsUserTable') = 1
    AND p.data_compression_desc = 'NONE'
    AND p.rows > 0
ORDER BY [TableName] ASC;
 
DECLARE @schema SYSNAME
    ,@tbname SYSNAME
    ,@ixid INT
 
DECLARE cur CURSOR FAST_FORWARD
FOR
SELECT [Schema]
    ,[TableName]
    ,[IndexID]
FROM ##testdbacompression
 
OPEN cur
 
FETCH NEXT
FROM cur
INTO @schema
    ,@tbname
    ,@ixid
 
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    DECLARE @sqlcmd NVARCHAR(500)
 
    SET @sqlcmd = 'EXEC sp_estimate_data_compression_savings ''' + @schema + ''', ''' + @tbname + ''', ''' + cast(@ixid AS VARCHAR) + ''', NULL, ''ROW''';
 
    INSERT INTO ##tmpEstimateRow (
        objname
        ,schname
        ,indid
        ,partnr
        ,SizeCurrent
        ,SizeRequested
        ,SampleCurrent
        ,SampleRequested
        )
    EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd
 
    SET @sqlcmd = 'EXEC sp_estimate_data_compression_savings ''' + @schema + ''', ''' + @tbname + ''', ''' + cast(@ixid AS VARCHAR) + ''', NULL, ''PAGE''';
 
    INSERT INTO ##tmpEstimatePage (
        objname
        ,schname
        ,indid
        ,partnr
        ,SizeCurrent
        ,SizeRequested
        ,SampleCurrent
        ,SampleRequested
        )
    EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd
 
    FETCH NEXT
    FROM cur
    INTO @schema
        ,@tbname
        ,@ixid
END
 
CLOSE cur
 
DEALLOCATE cur;
 
--Update usage and partition_number - If database was restore the sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats will be empty until tables have accesses. Executing the sp_estimate_data_compression_savings first will make those entries appear
UPDATE ##testdbacompression
SET [PercentScan] = i.range_scan_count * 100.0 / NULLIF((i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count), 0)
    ,[PercentUpdate] = i.leaf_update_count * 100.0 / NULLIF((i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count), 0)
FROM sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL) i
INNER JOIN ##testdbacompression tmp ON OBJECT_ID(tmp.TableName) = i.[object_id]
    AND tmp.IndexID = i.index_id;
 
WITH tmp_cte (
    objname
    ,schname
    ,indid
    ,pct_of_orig_row
    ,pct_of_orig_page
    ,SizeCurrent
    ,SizeRequested
    )
AS (
    SELECT tr.objname
        ,tr.schname
        ,tr.indid
        ,(tr.SampleRequested * 100) / CASE
            WHEN tr.SampleCurrent = 0
                THEN 1
            ELSE tr.SampleCurrent
            END AS pct_of_orig_row
        ,(tp.SampleRequested * 100) / CASE
            WHEN tp.SampleCurrent = 0
                THEN 1
            ELSE tp.SampleCurrent
            END AS pct_of_orig_page
        ,tr.SizeCurrent
        ,tr.SizeRequested
    FROM ##tmpestimaterow tr
    INNER JOIN ##tmpestimatepage tp ON tr.objname = tp.objname
        AND tr.schname = tp.schname
        AND tr.indid = tp.indid
        AND tr.partnr = tp.partnr
    )
UPDATE ##testdbacompression
SET [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] = tcte.pct_of_orig_row
    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal] = tcte.pct_of_orig_page
    ,SizeCurrent = tcte.SizeCurrent
    ,SizeRequested = tcte.SizeRequested
    ,PercentCompression = 100 - (cast(tcte.[SizeRequested] AS NUMERIC(21, 2)) * 100 / (tcte.[SizeCurrent] - ABS(SIGN(tcte.[SizeCurrent])) + 1))
FROM tmp_cte tcte
    ,##testdbacompression tcomp
WHERE tcte.objname = tcomp.TableName
    AND tcte.schname = tcomp.[schema]
    AND tcte.indid = tcomp.IndexID;
 
WITH tmp_cte2 (
    TableName
    ,[schema]
    ,IndexID
    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
    )
AS (
    SELECT TableName
        ,[schema]
        ,IndexID
        ,CASE
            WHEN [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] >= 100
                AND [PageEstimatePercentOriginal] >= 100
                THEN 'NO_GAIN'
            WHEN [PercentUpdate] >= 10
                THEN 'ROW'
            WHEN [PercentScan] <= 1
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 1
                AND [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] < [PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                THEN 'ROW'
            WHEN [PercentScan] <= 1
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 1
                AND [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] > [PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                THEN 'PAGE'
            WHEN [PercentScan] >= 60
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 5
                THEN 'PAGE'
            WHEN [PercentScan] <= 35
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 5
                THEN '?'
            ELSE 'ROW'
            END
    FROM ##testdbacompression
    )
UPDATE ##testdbacompression
SET [CompressionTypeRecommendation] = tcte2.[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
FROM tmp_cte2 tcte2
    ,##testdbacompression tcomp2
WHERE tcte2.TableName = tcomp2.TableName
    AND tcte2.[schema] = tcomp2.[schema]
    AND tcte2.IndexID = tcomp2.IndexID;
 
SET NOCOUNT ON;
 
SELECT DBName = DB_Name()
    ,[Schema]
    ,[TableName]
    ,[IndexName]
    ,[Partition]
    ,[IndexID]
    ,[IndexType]
    ,[PercentScan]
    ,[PercentUpdate]
    ,[RowEstimatePercentOriginal]
    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
    ,SizeCurrentKB = [SizeCurrent]
    ,SizeRequestedKB = [SizeRequested]
    ,PercentCompression
FROM ##testdbacompression;
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##setdbacompression', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##testdbacompression
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimateRow', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimatePage', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage;
 
"
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance" -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $Server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0

            [long]$instanceVersionNumber = $($server.VersionString).Replace(".", "")


            #If SQL Server 2016 SP1 (13.0.4001.0) or higher every version supports compression.
            if ($Server.EngineEdition -ne "EnterpriseOrDeveloper" -and $instanceVersionNumber -lt 13040010) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Compresison before SQLServer 2016 SP1 (13.0.4001.0) is only supported by enterprise, developer or evaluation edition. $Server has version $($server.VersionString) and edition is $($Server.EngineEdition)." -Target $db -Continue
            }
            #If IncludeSystemDBs is true, include systemdbs
            #look at all databases, online/offline/accessible/inaccessible and tell user if a db can't be queried.
            try {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                else {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                if (Test-Bound "ExcludeDatabase") {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather list of databases for $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $dbCompatibilityLevel = [int]($db.CompatibilityLevel.ToString().Replace('Version', ''))

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying $instance - $db"
                    if ($db.status -ne 'Normal' -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible." -Target $db
                        Continue
                    }

                    if ($dbCompatibilityLevel -lt 100) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$db has a compatibility level lower than Version100 and will be skipped." -Target $db -Continue
                        Continue
                    }
                    #Execute query against individual database and add to output
                    foreach ($row in ($server.Query($sql, $db.Name))) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName                  = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database                      = $row.DBName
                            Schema                        = $row.Schema
                            TableName                     = $row.TableName
                            IndexName                     = $row.IndexName
                            Partition                     = $row.Partition
                            IndexID                       = $row.IndexID
                            IndexType                     = $row.IndexType
                            PercentScan                   = $row.PercentScan
                            PercentUpdate                 = $row.PercentUpdate
                            RowEstimatePercentOriginal    = $row.RowEstimatePercentOriginal
                            PageEstimatePercentOriginal   = $row.PageEstimatePercentOriginal
                            CompressionTypeRecommendation = $row.CompressionTypeRecommendation
                            SizeCurrent                   = [dbasize]($row.SizeCurrentKB * 1024)
                            SizeRequested                 = [dbasize]($row.SizeRequestedKB * 1024)
                            PercentCompression            = $row.PercentCompression
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDiskAlignment {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Verifies that your non-dynamic disks are aligned according to physical constraints.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Returns $true or $false by default for one server. Returns Server name and IsBestPractice for more than one server.
 
            Please refer to your storage vendor best practices before following any advice below.
 
            By default issues with disk alignment should be resolved by a new installation of Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, or later operating systems, but verifying disk alignment continues to be recommended as a best practice.
            While some versions of Windows use different starting alignments, if you are starting anew 1MB is generally the best practice offset for current operating systems (because it ensures that the partition offset % common stripe unit sizes == 0 )
 
            Caveats:
            * Dynamic drives (or those provisioned via third party software) may or may not have accurate results when polled by any of the built in tools, see your vendor for details.
            * Windows does not have a reliable way to determine stripe unit Sizes. These values are obtained from vendor disk management software or from your SAN administrator.
            * System drives in versions previous to Windows Server 2008 cannot be aligned, but it is generally not recommended to place SQL Server databases on system drives.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The server(s) to check disk configuration on.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Specifies an alternate Windows account to use when enumerating drives on the server. May require Administrator privileges. To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER SQLCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSqlCheck
            If this switch is enabled, the disk(s) will not be checked for SQL Server data or log files.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDiskAlignment -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
            Tests the disk alignment of a single server named sqlserver2014a
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDiskAlignment -ComputerName sqlserver2014a, sqlserver2014b, sqlserver2014c
 
            Tests the disk alignment of multiple servers
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Storage
            The preferred way to determine if your disks are aligned (or not) is to calculate:
            1. Partition offset - stripe unit size
            2. Stripe unit size - File allocation unit size
 
            References:
            Disk Partition Alignment Best Practices for SQL Server - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd758814(v=sql.100).aspx
            A great article and behind most of this code.
 
            Getting Partition Offset information with Powershell - http://sqlblog.com/blogs/jonathan_kehayias/archive/2010/03/01/getting-partition-Offset-information-with-powershell.aspx
            Thanks to Jonathan Kehayias!
 
            Decree: Set your partition Offset and block Size and make SQL Server faster - http://www.midnightdba.com/Jen/2014/04/decree-set-your-partition-Offset-and-block-Size-make-sql-server-faster/
            Thanks to Jen McCown!
 
            Disk Performance Hands On - http://www.kendalvandyke.com/2009/02/disk-performance-hands-on-series-recap.html
            Thanks to Kendal Van Dyke!
 
            Get WMI Disk Information - http://powershell.com/cs/media/p/7937.aspx
            Thanks to jbruns2010!
 
            Author: Constantine Kokkinos (https://constantinekokkinos.com, @mobileck)
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com,)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDiskAlignment
    #>
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [object[]]$ComputerName,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$NoSqlCheck,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter 'Detailed'

        $sessionoption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom

        function Get-DiskAlignment {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $CimSession,
                [string]$FunctionName = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command,
                [bool]$NoSqlCheck,
                [string]$ComputerName,
                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                [bool]$EnableException = $EnableException
            )

            $SqlInstances = @()
            $offsets = @()

            #region Retrieving partition/disk Information
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering information about first partition on each disk for $ComputerName." -FunctionName $FunctionName

                try {
                    $partitions = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CimSession -ClassName Win32_DiskPartition -Namespace "root\cimv2" -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    if ($_.Exception -match "namespace") {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Can't get disk alignment info for $ComputerName. Unsupported operating system." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName -FunctionName $FunctionName
                        return
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Can't get disk alignment info for $ComputerName. Check logs for more details." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName -FunctionName $FunctionName
                        return
                    }
                }


                $disks = @()
                $disks += $($partitions | ForEach-Object {
                        Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CimSession -Query "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID=""$($_.DeviceID.Replace("\", "\\"))""} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition" |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name BlockSize -Value $_.BlockSize -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name BootPartition -Value $_.BootPartition -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name DiskIndex -Value $_.DiskIndex -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name Index -Value $_.Index -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name NumberOfBlocks -Value $_.NumberOfBlocks -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name StartingOffset -Value $_.StartingOffset -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name Type -Value $_.Type -PassThru
                    } |
                        Select-Object BlockSize, BootPartition, Description, DiskIndex, Index, Name, NumberOfBlocks, Size, StartingOffset, Type
                )
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathered CIM information." -FunctionName $FunctionName
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to CIM on $ComputerName." -FunctionName $FunctionName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
            #endregion Retrieving partition Information

            #region Retrieving Instances
            if (-not $NoSqlCheck) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for SQL Services." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                $sqlservices = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Service -CimSession $CimSession | Where-Object DisplayName -like 'SQL Server (*'
                foreach ($service in $sqlservices) {
                    $instance = $service.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '')
                    $instance = $instance.TrimEnd(')')

                    $instancename = $instance.Replace("MSSQLSERVER", "Default")
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found instance $instancename" -FunctionName $FunctionName
                    if ($instance -eq 'MSSQLSERVER') {
                        $SqlInstances += $ComputerName
                    }
                    else {
                        $SqlInstances += "$ComputerName\$instance"
                    }
                }
                $sqlcount = $SqlInstances.Count
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$sqlcount instance(s) found." -FunctionName $FunctionName
            }
            #endregion Retrieving Instances

            #region Offsets
            foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                if (!$disk.name.StartsWith("\\")) {
                    $diskname = $disk.Name
                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        $sqldisk = $false

                        foreach ($SqlInstance in $SqlInstances) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to SQL instance ($SqlInstance)." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                            try {
                                if ($null -ne $SqlCredential) {
                                    $smoserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                                }
                                else {
                                    $smoserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance # win auth
                                }
                                $sql = "Select count(*) as Count from sys.master_files where physical_name like '$diskname%'"
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Query is: $sql" -FunctionName $FunctionName
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server is: $SqlInstance." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                                $sqlcount = $smoserver.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0].Count
                                if ($sqlcount -gt 0) {
                                    $sqldisk = $true
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $ComputerName ($SqlInstance)." -FunctionName $FunctionName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        if ($sqldisk -eq $true) {
                            $offsets += $disk
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $offsets += $disk
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion Offsets

            #region Processing results
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking $($offsets.count) partitions." -FunctionName $FunctionName

            $allpartitions = @()
            foreach ($partition in $offsets) {
                # Unfortunately "Windows does not have a reliable way to determine stripe unit Sizes. These values are obtained from vendor disk management software or from your SAN administrator."
                # And this is the #1 most impactful issue with disk alignment :D
                # What we can do is test common stripe unit Sizes against the Offset we have and give advice if the Offset they chose would work in those scenarios
                $offset = $partition.StartingOffset / 1kb
                $type = $partition.Type
                $stripe_units = @(64, 128, 256, 512, 1024) # still wish I had a better way to verify this or someone to pat my back and say its alright.

                # testing dynamic disks, everyone states that info from dynamic disks is not to be trusted, so throw a warning.
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing for dynamic disks." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                if ($type -eq "Logical Disk Manager") {
                    $IsDynamicDisk = $true
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Disk is dynamic, all Offset calculations should be suspect, please refer to your vendor to determine actual Offset calculations." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                }
                else {
                    $IsDynamicDisk = $false
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for best practices offsets." -FunctionName $FunctionName

                if ($offset -ne 64 -and $offset -ne 128 -and $offset -ne 256 -and $offset -ne 512 -and $offset -ne 1024) {
                    $IsOffsetBestPractice = $false
                }
                else {
                    $IsOffsetBestPractice = $true
                }

                # as we cant tell the actual size of the file strip unit, just check all the sizes I know about
                foreach ($size in $stripe_units) {
                    if ($offset % $size -eq 0) {
                        # for proper alignment we really only need to know that your offset divided by your stripe unit size has a remainder of 0
                        $OffsetModuloKB = "$($offset % $size)"
                        $isBestPractice = $true
                    }
                    else {
                        $OffsetModuloKB = "$($offset % $size)"
                        $isBestPractice = $false
                    }

                    $output = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        Server                    = $ComputerName
                        Name                      = "$($partition.Name)"
                        PartitonSizeInMB          = $($partition.Size / 1MB)
                        PartitionType             = $partition.Type
                        TestingStripeSizeKB       = $size
                        OffsetModuluCalculationKB = $OffsetModuloKB
                        StartingOffsetKB          = $offset
                        IsOffsetBestPractice      = $IsOffsetBestPractice
                        IsBestPractice            = $isBestPractice
                        NumberOfBlocks            = $partition.NumberOfBlocks
                        BootPartition             = $partition.BootPartition
                        PartitionBlockSize        = $partition.BlockSize
                        IsDynamicDisk             = $IsDynamicDisk
                    }
                    $allpartitions += $output
                }
            }
            #endregion Processing results
            return $allpartitions
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing: $computer."

            $computer = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $credential
            $Computer = $computer.ComputerName

            if (!$Computer) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            #region Connecting to server via Cim
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan"

            if (!$Credential) {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Ignore
            }
            else {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Ignore -Credential $Credential
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CimSession on $computer over DCOM."

                if (!$Credential) {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction Ignore -Credential $Credential
                }
                else {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction Ignore
                }
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't create CimSession on $computer." -Target $Computer -Continue
            }
            #endregion Connecting to server via Cim

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $Computer."


            try {
                $data = Get-DiskAlignment -CimSession $cimsession -NoSqlCheck $NoSqlCheck -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process $($Computer): $($_.Exception.Message)" -Continue -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $Computer
            }

            if ($null -eq $data.Server) {
                Stop-Function -Message "CIM query to $Computer failed." -Continue -Target $computer
            }

            if ($data.Count -gt 1) {
                $data.GetEnumerator()
            }
            else {
                $data
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDiskAllocation {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Checks all disks on a computer to see if they are formatted with allocation units of 64KB.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Checks all disks on a computer for disk allocation units that match best practice recommendations. If one server is checked, only $true or $false is returned. If multiple servers are checked, each server's name and an IsBestPractice field are returned.
 
            Specify -Detailed for details.
 
            References:
            https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd758814(v=sql.100).aspx - "The performance question here is usually not one of correlation per the formula, but whether the cluster size has been explicitly defined at 64 KB, which is a best practice for SQL Server."
 
            http://tk.azurewebsites.net/2012/08/
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The server(s) to check disk configuration on.
 
        .PARAMETER NoSqlCheck
            If this switch is enabled, the disk(s) will not be checked for SQL Server data or log files.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: CIM, Storage
            Requires: Windows sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDiskAllocation
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDiskAllocation -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
            Scans all disks on server sqlserver2014a for best practice allocation unit size.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDiskAllocation -ComputerName sqlserver2014 | Select-Output *
 
            Scans all disks on server sqlserver2014a for allocation unit size and returns detailed results for each.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaDiskAllocation -ComputerName sqlserver2014a -NoSqlCheck
 
            Scans all disks not hosting SQL Server data or log files on server sqlserver2014a for best practice allocation unit size.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    [OutputType("System.Collections.ArrayList", "System.Boolean")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [object[]]$ComputerName,
        [switch]$NoSqlCheck,
        [object]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $sessionoptions = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCOM

        function Get-AllDiskAllocation {
            $alldisks = @()
            $SqlInstances = @()

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting disk information from $computer."

                # $query = "Select Label, BlockSize, Name from Win32_Volume WHERE FileSystem='NTFS'"
                # $disks = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $ipaddr -Query $query | Sort-Object -Property Name
                $disks = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CIMsession -ClassName win32_volume -Filter "FileSystem='NTFS'" -ErrorAction Stop | Sort-Object -Property Name
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to WMI on $computer."
                return
            }

            if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for SQL Services"
                $sqlservices = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like 'SQL Server (*' }
                foreach ($service in $sqlservices) {
                    $instance = $service.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '')
                    $instance = $instance.TrimEnd(')')

                    $instancename = $instance.Replace("MSSQLSERVER", "Default")
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found instance $instancename."

                    if ($instance -eq 'MSSQLSERVER') {
                        $SqlInstances += $ipaddr
                    }
                    else {
                        $SqlInstances += "$ipaddr\$instance"
                    }
                }
                $sqlcount = $SqlInstances.Count

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$sqlcount instance(s) found."
            }

            foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                if (!$disk.name.StartsWith("\\")) {
                    $diskname = $disk.Name

                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        $sqldisk = $false

                        foreach ($SqlInstance in $SqlInstances) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to SQL instance ($SqlInstance)."
                            try {
                                $smoserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                                $sql = "Select count(*) as Count from sys.master_files where physical_name like '$diskname%'"
                                $sqlcount = $smoserver.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0].Count
                                if ($sqlcount -gt 0) {
                                    $sqldisk = $true
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($disk.BlockSize -eq 65536) {
                        $IsBestPractice = $true
                    }
                    else {
                        $IsBestPractice = $false
                    }

                    $windowsdrive = "$env:SystemDrive\"

                    if ($diskname -eq $windowsdrive) {
                        $IsBestPractice = $false
                    }

                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        $alldisks += [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Server         = $computer
                            Name           = $diskname
                            Label          = $disk.Label
                            BlockSize      = $disk.BlockSize
                            IsSqlDisk      = $sqldisk
                            IsBestPractice = $IsBestPractice
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $alldisks += [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Server         = $computer
                            Name           = $diskname
                            Label          = $disk.Label
                            BlockSize      = $disk.BlockSize
                            IsBestPractice = $IsBestPractice
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return $alldisks
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

            $computer = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $credential
            $ipaddr = $computer.IpAddress
            $Computer = $computer.ComputerName

            if (!$Computer) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan."

            if (!$Credential) {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
            else {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CimSession on $computer over DCOM."

                if (!$Credential) {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
                else {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                }
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't create CimSession on $computer" -Target $Computer
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $Computer"

            $data = Get-AllDiskAllocation $computer

            if ($data.Count -gt 1) {
                $data.GetEnumerator()
            }
            else {
                $data
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Find if database is really in the Full recovery model or not.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            When you switch a database into FULL recovery model, it will behave like a SIMPLE recovery model until a full backup is taken in order to begin a log backup chain. This state is also known as 'pseudo-Simple'.
 
            Inspired by Paul Randal's post (http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/new-script-is-that-database-really-in-the-full-recovery-mode/)
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2005
 
            Shows all databases where the configured recovery model is FULL and indicates whether or not they are really in FULL recovery model.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel -SqlInstance . | Where-Object {$_.ActualRecoveryModel -ne "FULL"}
 
            Only shows the databases that are in 'pseudo-simple' mode.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2008 | Sort-Object Server, ActualRecoveryModel -Descending
 
            Shows all databases where the configured recovery model is FULL and indicates whether or not they are really in FULL recovery model. The Sort-Object will cause the databases in 'pseudo-simple' mode to show first.
         
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel -SqlInstance localhost | Select-Object -Property *
 
            Shows all of the properties for the databases that have Full Recovery Model
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType("System.Collections.ArrayList")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        
        $sqlRecoveryModel = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                        , d.[name] AS [Database]
                        , d.recovery_model AS RecoveryModel
                        , d.recovery_model_desc AS RecoveryModelDesc
                        , CASE
                            WHEN d.recovery_model = 1 AND drs.last_log_backup_lsn IS NOT NULL THEN 1
                            ELSE 0
                           END AS IsReallyInFullRecoveryModel
                  FROM sys.databases AS D
                    INNER JOIN sys.database_recovery_status AS drs
                       ON D.database_id = drs.database_id
                  WHERE d.recovery_model = 1"
        
        if ($Database) {
            $dblist = $Database -join "','"
            $databasefilter += "AND d.[name] in ('$dblist')"
        }
        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $dblist = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
            $databasefilter += "AND d.[name] NOT IN ('$dblist')"
        }
        
        $sql = "$sqlRecoveryModel $databasefilter"
        
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            
            try {
                $recoverymodel = $server.Query($sql)
                
                if (-not $recoverymodel) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server '$instance' does not have any databases in FULL recovery model."
                }
                
                foreach ($row in $recoverymodel) {
                    if (!([bool]$row.IsReallyInFullRecoveryModel)) {
                        $notes = "Database is still in SIMPLE recovery model until a full database backup is taken."
                        $ActualRecoveryModel = "pseudo-SIMPLE"
                    }
                    else {
                        $notes = $null
                        $ActualRecoveryModel = "FULL"
                    }
                    
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $row.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $row.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance    = $row.SqlInstance
                        Database       = $row.Database
                        ConfiguredRecoveryModel = $row.RecoveryModelDesc
                        ActualRecoveryModel = $ActualRecoveryModel
                        Notes          = $notes
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Notes
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaIdentityUsage {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays information relating to IDENTITY seed usage. Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            IDENTITY seeds have max values based off of their data type. This module will locate identity columns and report the seed usage.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
            $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
        .PARAMETER Threshold
            Allows you to specify a minimum % of the seed range being utilized. This can be used to ignore seeds that have only utilized a small fraction of the range.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemDb
            Allows you to suppress output on system databases
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net
            Tags: Identity
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaIdentityUsage
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaIdentityUsage -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
 
            Check identity seeds for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaIdentityUsage -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB
 
            Check identity seeds on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaIdentityUsage -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -Threshold 20
 
            Check identity seeds on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database, limiting results to 20% utilization of seed range or higher
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $false)]
        [int]$Threshold = 0,
        [parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("NoSystemDb")]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemDb,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NoSystemDb

        $sql = ";WITH CT_DT AS
        (
            SELECT 'tinyint' AS DataType, 0 AS MinValue ,255 AS MaxValue UNION
            SELECT 'smallint' AS DataType, -32768 AS MinValue ,32767 AS MaxValue UNION
            SELECT 'int' AS DataType, -2147483648 AS MinValue ,2147483647 AS MaxValue UNION
            SELECT 'bigint' AS DataType, -9223372036854775808 AS MinValue ,9223372036854775807 AS MaxValue
        ), CTE_1
        AS
        (
          SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(o.schema_id) AS SchemaName,
                 OBJECT_NAME(a.Object_id) as TableName,
                 a.Name as ColumnName,
                 seed_value AS SeedValue,
                 CONVERT(bigint, increment_value) as IncrementValue,
 
                 CONVERT(bigint, ISNULL(a.last_value, seed_value)) AS LastValue,
 
                 (CASE
                        WHEN CONVERT(bigint, increment_value) < 0 THEN
                            (CONVERT(bigint, seed_value)
                            - CONVERT(bigint, ISNULL(last_value, seed_value))
                            + (CASE WHEN CONVERT(bigint, seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(bigint, increment_value)) ELSE 0 END))
                        ELSE
                            (CONVERT(bigint, ISNULL(last_value, seed_value))
                            - CONVERT(bigint, seed_value)
                            + (CASE WHEN CONVERT(bigint, seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(bigint, increment_value)) ELSE 0 END))
                    END) / ABS(CONVERT(bigint, increment_value)) AS NumberOfUses,
 
                  CAST (
                        (CASE
                            WHEN CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value) < 0 THEN
                                ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0),dt.MinValue)
                                - CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value)
                                - (CASE WHEN CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value)) ELSE 0 END))
                            ELSE
                                CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0),dt.MaxValue)
                                - CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value)
                                + (CASE WHEN CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value)) ELSE 0 END)
                        END) / ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value))
                    AS Numeric(20, 0)) AS MaxNumberRows
 
            FROM sys.identity_columns a
                INNER JOIN sys.objects o
                   ON a.object_id = o.object_id
                INNER JOIN sys.types As b
                     ON a.system_type_id = b.system_type_id
                INNER JOIN CT_DT dt
                     ON b.name = dt.DataType
          WHERE a.seed_value is not null
        ),
        CTE_2
        AS
        (
        SELECT SchemaName, TableName, ColumnName, CONVERT(BIGINT, SeedValue) AS SeedValue, CONVERT(BIGINT, IncrementValue) AS IncrementValue, LastValue, ABS(CONVERT(NUMERIC(20,0),MaxNumberRows)) AS MaxNumberRows, NumberOfUses,
               CONVERT(Numeric(18,2), ((CONVERT(Float, NumberOfUses) / ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0),MaxNumberRows)) * 100))) AS [PercentUsed]
          FROM CTE_1
        )
        SELECT DB_NAME() as DatabaseName, SchemaName, TableName, ColumnName, SeedValue, IncrementValue, LastValue, MaxNumberRows, NumberOfUses, [PercentUsed]
          FROM CTE_2"

        if ($Threshold -gt 0) {
            $sql += " WHERE [PercentUsed] >= " + $Threshold + " ORDER BY [PercentUsed] DESC"
        }
        else {
            $sql += " ORDER BY [PercentUsed] DESC"
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystemDb) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -EQ $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping." -Continue
                }

                try {
                    $results = $db.Query($sql)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error capturing data on $db" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
                }

                foreach ($row in $results) {
                    if ($row.PercentUsed -eq [System.DBNull]::Value) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($row.PercentUsed -ge $threshold) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database       = $row.DatabaseName
                            Schema         = $row.SchemaName
                            Table          = $row.TableName
                            Column         = $row.ColumnName
                            SeedValue      = $row.SeedValue
                            IncrementValue = $row.IncrementValue
                            LastValue      = $row.LastValue
                            MaxNumberRows  = $row.MaxNumberRows
                            NumberOfUses   = $row.NumberOfUses
                            PercentUsed    = $row.PercentUsed
                        } | Select-DefaultView -Exclude MaxNumberRows, NumberOfUses
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function Test-DbaJobOwner {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Checks SQL Agent Job owners against a login to validate which jobs do not match that owner.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function checks all SQL Agent Jobs on an instance against a SQL login to validate if that login owns those SQL Agent Jobs or not.
 
            By default, the function checks against 'sa' for ownership, but the user can pass a specific login if they use something else.
 
            Only SQL Agent Jobs that do not match this ownership will be displayed.
 
            Best practice reference: http://sqlmag.com/blog/sql-server-tip-assign-ownership-jobs-sysadmin-account
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Job
            Specifies the job(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
            Specifies the job(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Agent, Job, Owner
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaJobOwner
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Jobs where the owner does not match 'sa'.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeJob 'syspolicy_purge_history'
 
            Returns SQL Agent Jobs except for the syspolicy_purge_history job
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -Login DOMAIN\account
 
            Returns all SQL Agent Jobs where the owner does not match DOMAIN\account. Note
            that Login must be a valid security principal that exists on the target server.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType('System.Object[]')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Jobs")]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [Alias("TargetLogin")]
        [string]$Login,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        #connect to the instance and set return array empty
        $return = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($servername in $SqlInstance) {
            #connect to the instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $servername."
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance $servername -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            #Validate login
            if ($Login -and ($server.Logins.Name) -notcontains $Login) {
                if ($SqlInstance.count -eq 1) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid login: $Login."
                    return
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$Login is not a valid login on $servername. Moving on."
                    continue
                }
            }
            if ($Login -and $server.Logins[$Login].LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Login is a Windows Group and can not be a job owner."
                return
            }

            #Sets the Default Login to sa if the Login Paramater is not set.
            if(!($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Login'))){
                $Login = "sa"
            }
            #sql2000 id property is empty -force target login to 'sa' login
            if ($Login -and ( ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) -and ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Login)) )) {
                $Login = "sa"
            }
            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if ($Login -eq "sa") {
                $Login = ($server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Get database list. If value for -Job is passed, massage to make it a string array.
            #Otherwise, use all jobs on the instance where owner not equal to -TargetLogin
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering jobs to check."
            if ($Job) {
                $jobCollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $Job -contains $_.Name }
            }
            elseif ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobCollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $ExcludeJob -notcontains $_.Name }
            }
            else {
                $jobCollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs
            }

            #for each database, create custom object for return set.
            foreach ($j in $jobCollection) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking $j"
                $row = [ordered]@{
                    Server       = $server.Name
                    Job          = $j.Name
                    CurrentOwner = $j.OwnerLoginName
                    TargetOwner  = $Login
                    OwnerMatch   = ($j.OwnerLoginName -eq $Login)

                }
                #add each custom object to the return array
                $return += New-Object PSObject -Property $row
            }
            if($Job){
                $results = $return
            }
            else{
                $results = $return | Where-Object {$_.OwnerMatch -eq $False}
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        #return results
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property Server,Job,CurrentOwner,TargetOwner,OwnerMatch
    }

}
function Test-DbaLastBackup {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Quickly and easily tests the last set of full backups for a server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Restores all or some of the latest backups and performs a DBCC CHECKDB.
 
            1. Gathers information about the last full backups
            2. Restores the backups to the Destination with a new name. If no Destination is specified, the originating SqlServer wil be used.
            3. The database is restored as "dbatools-testrestore-$databaseName" by default, but you can change dbatools-testrestore to whatever you would like using -Prefix
            4. The internal file names are also renamed to prevent conflicts with original database
            5. A DBCC CHECKDB is then performed
            6. And the test database is finally dropped
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server to connect to. Unlike many of the other commands, you cannot specify more than one server.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            The destination server to use to test the restore. By default, the Destination will be set to the source server
 
            If a different Destination server is specified, you must ensure that the database backups are on a shared location
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database backups to test. If -Database is not provided, all database backups will be tested.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Exclude specific Database backups to test.
 
        .PARAMETER DataDirectory
            Specifies an alternative directory for mdfs, ndfs and so on. The command uses the SQL Server's default data directory for all restores.
 
        .PARAMETER LogDirectory
            Specifies an alternative directory for ldfs. The command uses the SQL Server's default log directory for all restores.
 
        .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
            If this switch is enabled, VERIFYONLY will be performed. An actual restore will not be executed.
 
        .PARAMETER NoCheck
            If this switch is enabled, DBCC CHECKDB will be skipped
 
        .PARAMETER NoDrop
            If this switch is enabled, the newly-created test database will not be dropped.
 
        .PARAMETER CopyFile
            If this switch is enabled, the backup file will be copied to the destination default backup location unless CopyPath is specified.
 
        .PARAMETER CopyPath
            Specifies a path relative to the SQL Server to copy backups when CopyFile is specified. If not specified will use destination default backup location. If destination SQL Server is not local, admin UNC paths will be utilized for the copy.
 
        .PARAMETER MaxMB
            Databases larger than this value will not be restored.
 
        .PARAMETER AzureCredential
            The name of the SQL Server credential on the destination instance that holds the key to the azure storage account.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeCopyOnly
            If this switch is enabled, copy only backups will not be counted as a last backup.
 
        .PARAMETER IgnoreLogBackup
            If this switch is enabled, transaction log backups will be ignored. The restore will stop at the latest full or differential backup point.
 
        .PARAMETER Prefix
            The database is restored as "dbatools-testrestore-$databaseName" by default. You can change dbatools-testrestore to whatever you would like using this parameter.
 
       .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaLastBackup
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016
 
            Determines the last full backup for ALL databases, attempts to restore all databases (with a different name and file structure), then performs a DBCC CHECKDB.
 
            Once the test is complete, the test restore will be dropped.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master
 
            Determines the last full backup for master, attempts to restore it, then performs a DBCC CHECKDB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database model, master -VerifyOnly
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -NoCheck -NoDrop
 
            Skips the DBCC CHECKDB check. This can help speed up the tests but makes it less tested. The test restores will remain on the server.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -DataDirectory E:\bigdrive -LogDirectory L:\bigdrive -MaxMB 10240
 
            Restores data and log files to alternative locations and only restores databases that are smaller than 10 GB.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2014 -Destination sql2016 -CopyFile
 
            Copies the backup files for sql2014 databases to sql2016 default backup locations and then attempts restore from there.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2014 -Destination sql2016 -CopyFile -CopyPath "\\BackupShare\TestRestore\"
 
            Copies the backup files for sql2014 databases to sql2016 default backup locations and then attempts restore from there.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "Source")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [object]$DestinationCredential,
        [string]$DataDirectory,
        [string]$LogDirectory,
        [string]$Prefix = "dbatools-testrestore-",
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [switch]$NoCheck,
        [switch]$NoDrop,
        [switch]$CopyFile,
        [string]$CopyPath,
        [int]$MaxMB,
        [switch]$IncludeCopyOnly,
        [switch]$IgnoreLogBackup,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            if (-not $destination -or $nodestination) {
                $nodestination = $true
                $destination = $instance
                $DestinationCredential = $SqlCredential
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $destination."
                $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destination -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $destination." -Target $destination -Continue
            }

            if ($destserver.VersionMajor -lt $sourceserver.VersionMajor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination is a lower version than $instance. Backups would be incompatible." -Continue
            }

            if ($destserver.VersionMajor -eq $sourceserver.VersionMajor -and $destserver.VersionMinor -lt $sourceserver.VersionMinor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination is a lower version than $instance. Backups would be incompatible." -Continue
            }

            if ($CopyPath) {
                $testpath = Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $CopyPath
                if (!$testpath) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$destserver cannot access $CopyPath." -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                # If not CopyPath is specified, use the destination server default backup directory
                $copyPath = $destserver.BackupDirectory
            }

            if ($instance -ne $destination -and !$CopyFile) {
                $sourcerealname = $sourceserver.ComputerNetBiosName
                $destrealname = $destserver.ComputerNetBiosName

                if ($BackupFolder) {
                    if ($BackupFolder.StartsWith("\\") -eq $false -and $sourcerealname -ne $destrealname) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Backup folder must be a network share if the source and destination servers are not the same." -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
            $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName

            if ($datadirectory) {
                if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $datadirectory)) {
                    $serviceaccount = $destserver.ServiceAccount
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't access $datadirectory Please check if $serviceaccount has permissions." -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                $datadirectory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $destserver -FileType mdf
            }

            if ($logdirectory) {
                if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $logdirectory)) {
                    $serviceaccount = $destserver.ServiceAccount
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Destination can't access its local directory $logdirectory. Please check if $serviceaccount has permissions." -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                $logdirectory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $destserver -FileType ldf
            }

            if ((Test-Bound "AzureCredential") -and (Test-Bound "CopyFile")) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use copyfile with Azure backups, set to false." -continue
                $CopyFile = $false
            }

            if (!$Database) {
                $database = $sourceserver.databases.Name | Where-Object Name -ne 'tempdb'
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $database = $database | Where-Object { $_ -notin $ExcludeDatabase }
            }

            if ($Database -or $ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dblist = $database

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting recent backup history for $instance."

                foreach ($dbname in $dblist) {
                    if ($dbname -eq 'tempdb') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping tempdb."
                        continue
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $dbname."

                    $copysuccess = $true
                    $db = $sourceserver.databases[$dbname]

                    # The db check is needed when the number of databases exceeds 255, then it's no longer auto-populated
                    if (!$db) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$dbname does not exist on $source." -Continue
                    }

                    $lastbackup = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -Last -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly #-raw
                    if ($CopyFile) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering information for file copy."
                            $removearray = @()

                            if (Test-Bound "IgnoreLogBackup") {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log backups as requested."
                                $lastbackup = @()
                                $lastbackup += $full = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -LastFull #-raw
                                $diff = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -LastDiff # -raw
                                if ($full.start -le $diff.start) {
                                    $lastbackup += $diff
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                $lastbackup = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -Last -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly #-raw
                            }

                            foreach ($backup in $lastbackup) {
                                foreach ($file in $backup) {
                                    $filename = Split-Path -Path $file.FullName -Leaf
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $filename."

                                    $sourcefile = Join-AdminUnc -servername $sourceserver.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -filepath $file.Path

                                    if ($destserver.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -ne $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                                        $remotedestdirectory = Join-AdminUnc -servername $destserver.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -filepath $copyPath
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        $remotedestdirectory = $copyPath
                                    }

                                    $remotedestfile = "$remotedestdirectory\$filename"
                                    $localdestfile = "$copyPath\$filename"
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination directory is $destdirectory."
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination filename is $remotedestfile."

                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying $sourcefile to $remotedestfile."
                                        Copy-Item -Path $sourcefile -Destination $remotedestfile -ErrorAction Stop
                                        $backup.Path = $localdestfile
                                        $backup.FullName = $localdestfile
                                        $removearray += $remotedestfile
                                    }
                                    catch {
                                        $backup.Path = $sourcefile
                                        $backup.FullName = $sourcefile
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            $copysuccess = $true
                        }
                        catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to copy backups for $dbname on $instance to $destdirectory - $_."
                            $copysuccess = $false
                        }
                    }
                    if ($null -eq $lastbackup) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No backups exist for this database."
                        $lastbackup = @{ Path = "No backups exist for this database" }
                        $fileexists = $false
                        $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                    }
                    if (!$copysuccess) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to copy backups."
                        $lastbackup = @{ Path = "Failed to copy backups" }
                        $fileexists = $false
                        $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                    }
                    elseif (!($lastbackup | Where-Object { $_.type -eq 'Full' })) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No full backup returned from lastbackup."
                        $lastbackup = @{ Path = "Not found" }
                        $fileexists = $false
                        $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                    }
                    elseif ($source -ne $destination -and $lastbackup[0].Path.StartsWith('\\') -eq $false -and !$CopyFile) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Path not UNC and source does not match destination. Use -CopyFile to move the backup file."
                        $fileexists = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                        $success = $restoreresult = "Restore not located on shared location"
                    }
                    elseif (($lastbackup[0].Path | ForEach-Object { Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $_ }) -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server cannot find backup."
                        $fileexists = $false
                        $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                    }
                    if ($restoreresult -ne "Skipped" -or $lastbackup[0].Path -like 'http*') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking good!"

                        $fileexists = $true
                        $ogdbname = $dbname
                        $restorelist = Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $lastbackup[0].Path -AzureCredential $AzureCredential
                        $mb = $restorelist.BackupSizeMB

                        if ($MaxMB -gt 0 -and $MaxMB -lt $mb) {
                            $success = "The backup size for $dbname ($mb MB) exceeds the specified maximum size ($MaxMB MB)."
                            $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                        }
                        else {
                            $dbccElapsed = $restoreElapsed = $startRestore = $endRestore = $startDbcc = $endDbcc = $null

                            $dbname = "$prefix$dbname"
                            $destdb = $destserver.databases[$dbname]

                            if ($destdb) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$dbname already exists on $destination - skipping." -Continue
                            }

                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Restoring $ogdbname as $dbname.")) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing restore."
                                $startRestore = Get-Date
                                if ($verifyonly) {
                                    $restoreresult = $lastbackup | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix $prefix -DestinationFilePrefix $Prefix -DestinationDataDirectory $datadirectory -DestinationLogDirectory $logdirectory -VerifyOnly:$VerifyOnly -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -TrustDbBackupHistory
                                }
                                else {
                                    $restoreresult = $lastbackup | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix $prefix -DestinationFilePrefix $Prefix -DestinationDataDirectory $datadirectory -DestinationLogDirectory $logdirectory -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -TrustDbBackupHistory
                                    Write-verbose " Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix $prefix -DestinationFilePrefix $Prefix -DestinationDataDirectory $datadirectory -DestinationLogDirectory $logdirectory -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -TrustDbBackupHistory"

                                }

                                $endRestore = Get-Date
                                $restorets = New-TimeSpan -Start $startRestore -End $endRestore
                                $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($restorets.TotalSeconds)
                                $restoreElapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)

                                if ($restoreresult.RestoreComplete -eq $true) {
                                    $success = "Success"
                                }
                                else {
                                    $success = "Failure"
                                }
                            }

                            $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destination -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential

                            if (!$NoCheck -and !$VerifyOnly) {
                                # shouldprocess is taken care of in Start-DbccCheck
                                if ($ogdbname -eq "master") {
                                    $dbccresult = "DBCC CHECKDB skipped for restored master ($dbname) database."
                                }
                                else {
                                    if ($success -eq "Success") {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting DBCC."

                                        $startDbcc = Get-Date
                                        $dbccresult = Start-DbccCheck -Server $destserver -DbName $dbname 3>$null
                                        $endDbcc = Get-Date

                                        $dbccts = New-TimeSpan -Start $startDbcc -End $endDbcc
                                        $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($dbccts.TotalSeconds)
                                        $dbccElapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)
                                    }
                                    else {
                                        $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            if ($VerifyOnly) {
                                $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                            }

                            if (!$NoDrop -and $null -ne $destserver.databases[$dbname]) {
                                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Dropping Database $dbname on $destination")) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping database."

                                    ## Drop the database
                                    try {
                                        $removeresult = Remove-SqlDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -DbName $dbname
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropped $dbname Database on $destination."
                                    }
                                    catch {
                                        $destserver.Databases.Refresh()
                                        if ($destserver.databases[$dbname]) {
                                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to Drop database $dbname on $destination."
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            #Cleanup BackupFiles if -CopyFile and backup was moved to destination
                            if ($CopyFile) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing copied backup file from $destination."
                                try {
                                    $removearray | Remove-item -ErrorAction Stop
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                                }
                            }

                            $destserver.Databases.Refresh()
                            if ($destserver.Databases[$dbname] -and !$NoDrop) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname was not dropped."
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing results")) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceServer   = $source
                            TestServer     = $destination
                            Database       = $db.name
                            FileExists     = $fileexists
                            Size           = [dbasize](($lastbackup.TotalSize | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum)
                            RestoreResult  = $success
                            DbccResult     = $dbccresult
                            RestoreStart   = [dbadatetime]$startRestore
                            RestoreEnd     = [dbadatetime]$endRestore
                            RestoreElapsed = $restoreElapsed
                            DbccStart      = [dbadatetime]$startDbcc
                            DbccEnd        = [dbadatetime]$endDbcc
                            DbccElapsed    = $dbccElapsed
                            BackupDate     = $lastbackup.Start
                            BackupFiles    = $lastbackup.FullName
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Test all linked servers from the sql servers passed
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Test each linked server on the instance
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
                By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
 
                This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
                Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: LinkedServer
            Author: Thomas LaRock ( https://thomaslarock.com )
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
            Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlInstance DEV01
 
            Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instance DEV01
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-File C:\temp\results.txt
 
            Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instance sql2016 and output results to file
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlInstance sql2016, sql2014, sql2012
 
            Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instances sql2016, sql2014 and sql2012
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers = "sql2016","sql2014","sql2012"
            $servers | Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlCredential (Get-Credential sqladmin)
 
            Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instances sql2016, sql2014 and sql2012 using SQL login credentials
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $servers | Get-DbaLinkedServer | Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection
 
            Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instances sql2016, sql2014 and sql2012
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($instance.LinkedLive) {
                $linkedServerCollection = $instance.LinkedServer
            }
            else {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            $linkedServerCollection = $server.LinkedServers

            foreach ($ls in $linkedServerCollection) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing linked server $($ls.name) on server $($ls.parent.name)"
                try {
                    $null = $ls.TestConnection()
                    $result = "Success"
                    $connectivity = $true
                }
                catch {
                    $result = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                    $connectivity = $false
                }

                New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Validation.LinkedServerResult($ls.parent.NetName, $ls.parent.ServiceName, $ls.parent.DomainInstanceName, $ls.Name, $ls.DataSource, $connectivity, $result)
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaLogShippingStatus {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Test-DbaLogShippingStatus returns the status of your log shipping databases
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Most of the time your log shipping "just works".
    Checking your log shipping status can be done really easy with this function.
 
    Make sure you're connecting to the monitoring instance of your log shipping infrastructure.
 
    The function will return the status for a database. This can be one or more messages in a comma separated list.
    If everything is OK with the database than you should only see the message "All OK".
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
    $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
    To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
    This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name. See examples for more info.
 
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
    Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're not interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
    This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name.
 
    .PARAMETER Primary
    Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the primary instance.
 
    .PARAMETER Secondary
    Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the secondary instance.
 
    .PARAMETER Simple
    By default all the information will be returned.
    If this parameter is used you get an overview with the SQL Instance, Database, Instance Type and the status
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Original Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
    Tags: LogShipping
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaLogShippingStatus
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Test-DbaLogShippingStatus -SqlInstance sql1
 
    Retrieves the log ship informaton from sql1 and displays all the information present including the status.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Test-DbaLogShippingStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Database AdventureWorks2014
 
    Retrieves the log ship information for just the database AdventureWorks.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Test-DbaLogShippingStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Primary
 
    Retrieves the log ship information and only returns the information for the databases on the primary instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Test-DbaLogShippingStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Secondary
 
    Retrieves the log ship information and only returns the information for the databases on the secondary instance.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Test-DbaLogShippingStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Simple
 
    Retrieves the log ship information and only returns the columns SQL Instance, Database, Instance Type and Status
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [switch]$Primary,
        [switch]$Secondary,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # Create array list to hold the results
        $collection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

        # Setup the query
        [string[]]$query = "
IF ( OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#logshippingstatus') ) IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
DROP TABLE #logshippingstatus;
END;
 
CREATE TABLE #logshippingstatus
(
    Status BIT ,
    IsPrimary BIT ,
    Server VARCHAR(100) ,
    DatabaseName VARCHAR(100) ,
    TimeSinceLastBackup INT ,
    LastBackupFile VARCHAR(255) ,
    BackupThresshold INT ,
    IsBackupAlertEnabled BIT ,
    TimeSinceLastCopy INT ,
    LastCopiedFile VARCHAR(255) ,
    TimeSinceLastRestore INT ,
    LastRestoredFile VARCHAR(255) ,
    LastRestoredLatency INT ,
    RestoreThresshold INT ,
    IsRestoreAlertEnabled BIT
);
 
INSERT INTO #logshippingstatus
( Status ,
    IsPrimary ,
    Server ,
    DatabaseName ,
    TimeSinceLastBackup ,
    LastBackupFile ,
    BackupThresshold ,
    IsBackupAlertEnabled ,
    TimeSinceLastCopy ,
    LastCopiedFile ,
    TimeSinceLastRestore ,
    LastRestoredFile ,
    LastRestoredLatency ,
    RestoreThresshold ,
    IsRestoreAlertEnabled
)
EXEC master.sys.sp_help_log_shipping_monitor"

        $select = "SELECT * FROM #logshippingstatus"

        if ($Database -or $ExcludeDatabase) {

            if ($database) {
                $where += "DatabaseName IN ('$($Database -join ''',''')')"
            }
            elseif ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $where += "DatabaseName NOT IN ('$($ExcludeDatabase -join ''',''')')"
            }

            $select = "$select WHERE $where"
        }

        $query += $select
        $query += "DROP TABLE #logshippingstatus"
        $sql = $query -join ";`n"
        Write-Message -level Debug -Message $sql
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.EngineEdition -match "Express") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance is Express Edition which does not support Log Shipping"
                continue
            }

            # Check the variables
            if ($Primary -and $Secondary) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid parameter combination. Please enter either -Primary or -Secondary" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get the log shipped databases
            $results = $server.Query($sql)

            # Check if any rows were returned
            if ($results.Count -lt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No information available about any log shipped databases for $instance. Please check the instance name." -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Filter the results
            if ($Primary) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimary -eq $true }
            }

            if ($Secondary) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimary -eq $false }
            }

            # Loop through each of the results
            foreach ($result in $results) {

                # Setup a variable to hold the errors
                $statusDetails = @()

                # Check if there are any results that need to be returned
                if ($result.Status -notin 0, 1) {
                    $statusDetails += "N/A"
                }
                else {
                    # Check the status of the row is true which indicates that something is wrong
                    if ($result.Status) {
                        # Check if the row is part of the primary or secondary instance
                        if ($result.IsPrimary) {
                            # Check the backup
                            if (-not $result.TimeSinceLastBackup) {
                                $statusDetails += "The backup has never been executed."
                            }
                            elseif ($result.TimeSinceLastBackup -ge $result.BackupThresshold) {
                                $statusDetails += "The backup has not been executed in the last $($result.BackupThresshold) minutes"
                            }
                        }
                        elseif (-not $result.IsPrimary) {
                            # Check the restore
                            if ($null -eq $result.TimeSinceLastRestore) {
                                $statusDetails += "The restore has never been executed."
                            }
                            elseif ($result.TimeSinceLastRestore -ge $result.RestoreThresshold) {
                                $statusDetails += "The restore has not been executed in the last $($result.RestoreThresshold) minutes"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        $statusDetails += "All OK"
                    }


                    # Check the time for the backup, copy and restore
                    if ($result.TimeSinceLastBackup -eq [DBNull]::Value) {
                        $lastBackup = "N/A"
                    }
                    else {
                        $lastBackup = (Get-Date).AddMinutes( - $result.TimeSinceLastBackup)
                    }

                    if ($result.TimeSinceLastCopy -eq [DBNull]::Value) {
                        $lastCopy = "N/A"
                    }
                    else {
                        $lastCopy = (Get-Date).AddMinutes( - $result.TimeSinceLastCopy)
                    }

                    if ($result.TimeSinceLastRestore -eq [DBNull]::Value) {
                        $lastRestore = "N/A"
                    }
                    else {
                        $lastRestore = (Get-Date).AddMinutes( - $result.TimeSinceLastRestore)
                    }
                }

                # Set up the custom object
                $null = $collection.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName          = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database              = $result.DatabaseName
                        InstanceType          = switch ($result.IsPrimary) { $true { "Primary Instance" } $false { "Secondary Instance" } }
                        TimeSinceLastBackup   = $lastBackup
                        LastBackupFile        = $result.LastBackupFile
                        BackupThresshold      = $result.BackupThresshold
                        IsBackupAlertEnabled  = $result.IsBackupAlertEnabled
                        TimeSinceLastCopy     = $lastCopy
                        LastCopiedFile        = $result.LastCopiedFile
                        TimeSinceLastRestore  = $lastRestore
                        LastRestoredFile      = $result.LastRestoredFile
                        LastRestoredLatency   = $result.LastRestoredLatency
                        RestoreThresshold     = $result.RestoreThresshold
                        IsRestoreAlertEnabled = $result.IsRestoreAlertEnabled
                        Status                = $statusDetails -join ","
                    })

            }

            if ($Simple) {
                return $collection | Select-Object SqlInstance, Database, InstanceType, Status
            }
            else {
                return $collection
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaMaxDop {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays information relating to SQL Server Max Degree of Parallelism setting. Works on SQL Server 2005-2016.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Inspired by Sakthivel Chidambaram's post about SQL Server MAXDOP Calculator (https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlsakthi/p/maxdop-calculator-SqlInstance/),
            this script displays a SQL Server's: max dop configured, and the calculated recommendation.
 
            For SQL Server 2016 shows:
                - Instance max dop configured and the calculated recommendation
                - max dop configured per database (new feature)
 
            More info:
                https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2806535
                https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlsakthi/2012/05/23/wow-we-have-maxdop-calculator-for-sql-server-it-makes-my-job-easier/
 
            These are just general recommendations for SQL Server and are a good starting point for setting the "max degree of parallelism" option.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance(s) to connect to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: MaxDop, SPConfigure
            Author : Claudio Silva (@claudioessilva)
            Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaMaxDop
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
 
            Get Max DOP setting for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 and also the recommended one.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2014 | Select-Object *
 
            Shows Max DOP setting for server sql2014 with the recommended value. As the -Detailed switch was used will also show the 'NUMANodes' and 'NumberOfCores' of each instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 | Select-Object *
 
            Get Max DOP setting for servers sql2016 with the recommended value. As the -Detailed switch was used will also show the 'NUMANodes' and 'NumberOfCores' of each instance. Because it is an 2016 instance will be shown 'InstanceVersion', 'Database' and 'DatabaseMaxDop' columns.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $notesDopLT = "Before changing MaxDop, consider that the lower value may have been intentionally set."
        $notesDopGT = "Before changing MaxDop, consider that the higher value may have been intentionally set."
        $notesDopZero = "This is the default setting. Consider using the recommended value instead."
        $notesDopOne = "Some applications like SharePoint, Dynamics NAV, SAP, BizTalk has the need to use MAXDOP = 1. Please confirm that your instance is not supporting one of these applications prior to changing the MaxDop."
        $notesAsRecommended = "Configuration is as recommended."
        $collection = @()
    }

    process {
        $hasScopedConfig = $false

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Get current configured value
            $maxDop = $server.Configuration.MaxDegreeOfParallelism.ConfigValue

            try {
                #represents the Number of NUMA nodes
                $sql = "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT memory_node_id) AS NUMA_Nodes FROM sys.dm_os_memory_clerks WHERE memory_node_id!=64"
                $numaNodes = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to get Numa node count." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            try {
                #represents the Number of Processor Cores
                $sql = "SELECT COUNT(scheduler_id) FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers WHERE status = 'VISIBLE ONLINE'"
                $numberOfCores = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to get number of cores." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            #Calculate Recommended Max Dop to instance
            #Server with single NUMA node
            if ($numaNodes -eq 1) {
                if ($numberOfCores -lt 8) {
                    #Less than 8 logical processors - Keep MAXDOP at or below # of logical processors
                    $recommendedMaxDop = $numberOfCores
                }
                else {
                    #Equal or greater than 8 logical processors - Keep MAXDOP at 8
                    $recommendedMaxDop = 8
                }
            }
            else {
                #Server with multiple NUMA nodes
                if (($numberOfCores / $numaNodes) -lt 8) {
                    # Less than 8 logical processors per NUMA node - Keep MAXDOP at or below # of logical processors per NUMA node
                    $recommendedMaxDop = [int]($numberOfCores / $numaNodes)
                }
                else {
                    # Greater than 8 logical processors per NUMA node - Keep MAXDOP at 8
                    $recommendedMaxDop = 8
                }
            }

            #Setting notes for instance max dop value
            $notes = $null
            if ($maxDop -eq 1) {
                $notes = $notesDopOne
            }
            else {
                if ($maxDop -ne 0 -and $maxDop -lt $recommendedMaxDop) {
                    $notes = $notesDopLT
                }
                else {
                    if ($maxDop -ne 0 -and $maxDop -gt $recommendedMaxDop) {
                        $notes = $notesDopGT
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($maxDop -eq 0) {
                            $notes = $notesDopZero
                        }
                        else {
                            $notes = $notesAsRecommended
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            #$collection +=
            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName          = $server.NetName
                InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                InstanceVersion       = $server.Version
                Database              = "N/A"
                DatabaseMaxDop        = "N/A"
                CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $maxDop
                RecommendedMaxDop     = $recommendedMaxDop
                NUMANodes             = $numaNodes
                NumberOfCores         = $numberOfCores
                Notes                 = $notes
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, DatabaseMaxDop, CurrentInstanceMaxDop, RecommendedMaxDop, Notes

            # On SQL Server 2016 and higher, MaxDop can be set on a per-database level
            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 13) {
                $hasScopedConfig = $true
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server 2016 or higher detected, checking each database's MaxDop."

                $databases = $server.Databases | where-object {$_.IsSystemObject -eq $false}

                foreach ($database in $databases) {
                    if ($database.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database $database is not accessible."
                        continue
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking database '$($database.Name)'."

                    $dbmaxdop = $database.MaxDop

                    #$collection +=
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName          = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        InstanceVersion       = $server.Version
                        Database              = $database.Name
                        DatabaseMaxDop        = $dbmaxdop
                        CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $maxDop
                        RecommendedMaxDop     = $recommendedMaxDop
                        NUMANodes             = $numaNodes
                        NumberOfCores         = $numberOfCores
                        Notes                 = if ($dbmaxdop -eq 0) { "Will use CurrentInstanceMaxDop value" } else { "$notes" }
                    }  | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, DatabaseMaxDop, CurrentInstanceMaxDop, RecommendedMaxDop, Notes
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaMaxMemory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Calculates the recommended value for SQL Server 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting. Works on SQL Server 2000-2014.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Inspired by Jonathan Kehayias's post about SQL Server Max memory (http://bit.ly/sqlmemcalc), this script displays a SQL Server's: total memory, currently configured SQL max memory, and the calculated recommendation.
 
            Jonathan notes that the formula used provides a *general recommendation* that doesn't account for everything that may be going on in your specific environment.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Windows or Sql Login Credential with permission to log into the SQL instance
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Windows Credential with permission to log on to the server running the SQL instance
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: MaxMemory, Memory
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaMaxMemory
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlcluster,sqlserver2012
 
            Calculate the 'Max Server Memory' settings for all servers within the SQL Server Central Management Server "sqlcluster"
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Where-Object { $_.SqlMaxMB -gt $_.TotalMB } | Set-DbaMaxMemory
 
            Find all servers in CMS that have Max SQL memory set to higher than the total memory of the server (think 2147483647) and set it to recommended value.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Target $instance -Message "Retrieving maximum memory statistics from $instance"
            $serverMemory = Get-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance $server
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Target $instance -Message "Retrieving number of instances from $($instance.ComputerName)"
                if ($Credential) {
                    $serverService = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $instance -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                }
                else {
                    $serverService = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $instance -EnableException
                }
                $instanceCount = ($serverService | Where-Object State -Like Running | Where-Object InstanceName | Group-Object InstanceName | Measure-Object Count).Count
            }
            catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't get accurate SQL Server instance count on $instance. Defaulting to 1." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                $instanceCount = 1
            }

            if ($null -eq $serverMemory) {
                continue
            }
            $reserve = 1

            $maxMemory = $serverMemory.SqlMaxMB
            $totalMemory = $serverMemory.TotalMB

            if ($totalMemory -ge 4096) {
                $currentCount = $totalMemory
                while ($currentCount / 4096 -gt 0) {
                    if ($currentCount -gt 16384) {
                        $reserve += 1
                        $currentCount += -8192
                    }
                    else {
                        $reserve += 1
                        $currentCount += -4096
                    }
                }
                $recommendedMax = [int]($totalMemory - ($reserve * 1024))
            }
            else {
                $recommendedMax = $totalMemory * .5
            }

            $recommendedMax = $recommendedMax / $instanceCount

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName  = $server.NetName
                InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                InstanceCount = $instanceCount
                TotalMB       = [int]$totalMemory
                SqlMaxMB      = [int]$maxMemory
                RecommendedMB = [int]$recommendedMax
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, InstanceCount, TotalMB, SqlMaxMB, RecommendedMB
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaMigrationConstraint {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Show if you can migrate the database(s) between the servers.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            When you want to migrate from a higher edition to a lower one there are some features that can't be used.
            This function will validate if you have any of this features in use and will report to you.
            The validation will be made ONLY on on SQL Server 2008 or higher using the 'sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features' dmv.
 
            This function only validate SQL Server 2008 versions or higher.
            The editions supported by this function are:
                - Enterprise
                - Developer
                - Evaluation
                - Standard
                - Express
 
            Take into account the new features introduced on SQL Server 2016 SP1 for all versions. More information at https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlreleaseservices/sql-server-2016-service-pack-1-sp1-released/
 
            The -Database parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion.
 
        .PARAMETER Source
            Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SourceSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Destination
            Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            The database(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Migration
 
            Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaMigrationConstraint
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMigrationConstraint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster
 
            All databases on sqlserver2014a will be verified for features in use that can't be supported on sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMigrationConstraint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SqlCredential $cred
 
            All databases will be verified for features in use that can't be supported on the destination server. SQL credentials are used to authenticate against sqlserver2014 and Windows Authentication is used for sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaMigrationConstraint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Database db1
 
            Only db1 database will be verified for features in use that can't be supported on the destination server.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "DbMigration")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [DbaInstance]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [DbaInstance]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        <#
            1804890536 = Enterprise
            1872460670 = Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing
            610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation
            284895786 = Business Intelligence
            -2117995310 = Developer
            -1592396055 = Express
            -133711905= Express with Advanced Services
            -1534726760 = Standard
            1293598313 = Web
            1674378470 = SQL Database
        #>

        $editions = @{
            "Enterprise" = 10;
            "Developer"  = 10;
            "Evaluation" = 10;
            "Standard"   = 5;
            "Express"    = 1
        }
        $notesCanMigrate = "Database can be migrated."
        $notesCannotMigrate = "Database cannot be migrated."
    }
    process {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Source."
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source -Continue
        }

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $Destination."
            $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination -Continue
        }

        if (-Not $Database) {
            $Database = $sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq 0 | Select-Object Name, Status
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $Database = $sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        if ($Database.Count -gt 0) {
            if ($Database -in @("master", "msdb", "tempdb")) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Migrating system databases is not currently supported."
                return
            }

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -gt 10) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Sql Server 2000 databases cannot be migrated to SQL Server version 2012 and above. Quitting."
                return
            }

            if ($sourceServer.Collation -ne $destServer.Collation) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Collation on $Source, $($sourceServer.collation) differs from the $Destination, $($destServer.collation)."
            }

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -gt $destServer.VersionMajor) {
                #indicate they must use 'Generate Scripts' and 'Export Data' options?
                Stop-Function -Message "You can't migrate databases from a higher version to a lower one. Quitting."
                return
            }

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2008 (v10)"
                return
            }

            #if editions differs, from higher to lower one, verify the sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features - only available from SQL 2008 +
            if (($sourceServer.VersionMajor -ge 10 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -ge 10)) {
                foreach ($db in $Database) {
                    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($db.Status)) {
                        $dbstatus = ($sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object Name -eq $db).Status.ToString()
                        $dbName = $db
                    }
                    else {
                        $dbstatus = $db.Status.ToString()
                        $dbName = $db.Name
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking database '$dbName'."

                    if ($dbstatus.Contains("Offline") -eq $false -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $true) {

                        [long]$destVersionNumber = $($destServer.VersionString).Replace(".", "")
                        [string]$sourceVersion = "$($sourceServer.Edition) $($sourceServer.ProductLevel) ($($sourceServer.Version))"
                        [string]$destVersion = "$($destServer.Edition) $($destServer.ProductLevel) ($($destServer.Version))"
                        [string]$dbFeatures = ""

                        #Check if database has any FILESTREAM filegroup
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if FileStream is in use for database '$dbName'."
                        if ($sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found FileStream filegroup and files."
                            $fileStreamSource = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $sourceServer -ConfigName FilestreamAccessLevel
                            $fileStreamDestination = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $destServer -ConfigName FilestreamAccessLevel

                            if ($fileStreamSource.RunningValue -ne $fileStreamDestination.RunningValue) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $false
                                    Notes               = "$notesCannotMigrate. Destination server dones not have the 'FilestreamAccessLevel' configuration (RunningValue: $($fileStreamDestination.RunningValue)) equal to source server (RunningValue: $($fileStreamSource.RunningValue))."
                                }
                                Continue
                            }
                        }

                        try {
                            $sql = "SELECT feature_name FROM sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features"

                            $skuFeatures = $sourceServer.Query($sql, $dbName)

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking features in use..."

                            if (@($skuFeatures).Count -gt 0) {
                                foreach ($row in $skuFeatures) {
                                    $dbFeatures += ",$($row["feature_name"])"
                                }

                                $dbFeatures = $dbFeatures.TrimStart(",")
                            }
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting sku features." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sourceServer -Continue
                        }

                        #If SQL Server 2016 SP1 (13.0.4001.0) or higher
                        if ($destVersionNumber -ge 13040010) {
                            <#
                                Need to verify if Edition = EXPRESS and database uses 'Change Data Capture' (CDC)
                                This means that database cannot be migrated because Express edition doesn't have SQL Server Agent
                            #>
                            if ($editions.Item($destServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0]) -eq 1 -and $dbFeatures.Contains("ChangeCapture")) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $false
                                    Notes               = "$notesCannotMigrate. Destination server edition is EXPRESS which does not support 'ChangeCapture' feature that is in use."
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $true
                                    Notes               = $notesCanMigrate
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        #Version is lower than SQL Server 2016 SP1
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Source Server Edition: $($sourceServer.Edition) (Weight: $($editions.Item($sourceServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0])))"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination Server Edition: $($destServer.Edition) (Weight: $($editions.Item($destServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0])))"

                            #Check for editions. If destination edition is lower than source edition and exists features in use
                            if (($editions.Item($destServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0]) -lt $editions.Item($sourceServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0])) -and (!([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dbFeatures)))) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $false
                                    Notes               = "$notesCannotMigrate There are features in use not available on destination instance."
                                }
                            }
                            #
                            else {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $true
                                    Notes               = $notesCanMigrate
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$dbName' is offline or not accessible. Bring database online and re-run the command."
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                #SQL Server 2005 or under
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This validation will not be made on versions lower than SQL Server 2008 (v10)."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Source server version: $($sourceServer.VersionMajor)."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination server version: $($destServer.VersionMajor)."
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "There are no databases to validate."
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlMigrationConstraint
    }
}
function Test-DbaNetworkLatency {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tests how long a query takes to return from SQL Server
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function is intended to help measure SQL Server network latency by establishing a connection and executing a simple query. This is a better than a simple ping because it actually creates the connection to the SQL Server and measures the time required for only the entire routine, but the duration of the query as well how long it takes for the results to be returned.
 
            By default, this command will execute "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" three times.
 
            It will then output how long the entire connection and command took, as well as how long *only* the execution of the command took.
 
            This allows you to see if the issue is with the connection or the SQL Server itself.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server you want to run the test on.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Query
            Specifies the query to be executed. By default, "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" will be executed on master. To execute in other databases, use fully qualified object names.
 
        .PARAMETER Count
            Specifies how many times the query should be executed. By default, the query is executed three times.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Performance, Network
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaNetworkLatency
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaNetworkLatency -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sqlcluster
 
            Tests the roundtrip return of "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" on sqlserver2014a and sqlcluster using Windows credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaNetworkLatency -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred
 
            Tests the execution results return of "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" on sqlserver2014a using SQL credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaNetworkLatency -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sqlcluster, sqlserver -Query "select top 10 * from otherdb.dbo.table" -Count 10
 
            Tests the execution results return of "select top 10 * from otherdb.dbo.table" 10 times on sqlserver2014a, sqlcluster, and sqlserver using Windows credentials.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Object[]])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Query = "select top 100 * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES",
        [int]$Count = 3,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $start = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                $currentCount = 0
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                do {
                    if (++$currentCount -eq 1) {
                        $first = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                    }
                    $null = $server.Query($query)
                    if ($currentCount -eq $count) {
                        $last = $first.Elapsed
                    }
                }
                while ($currentCount -lt $count)

                $end = $start.Elapsed
                $totalTime = $end.TotalMilliseconds
                $average = $totalTime / $count

                $totalWarm = $last.TotalMilliseconds
                if ($Count -eq 1) {
                    $averageWarm = $totalWarm
                }
                else {
                    $averageWarm = $totalWarm / $count
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName     = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Count            = $count
                    Total            = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($totalTime)
                    Avg              = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($average)
                    ExecuteOnlyTotal = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($totalWarm)
                    ExecuteOnlyAvg   = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($averageWarm)
                    NetworkOnlyTotal = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($totalTime - $totalWarm)
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, 'Count as ExecutionCount', Total, 'Avg as Average', ExecuteOnlyTotal, 'ExecuteOnlyAvg as ExecuteOnlyAverage', NetworkOnlyTotal #backwards compat
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error occurred testing dba network latency: $_" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlNetworkLatency
    }
}
function Test-DbaOptimizeForAdHoc {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Displays information relating to SQL Server Optimize for AdHoc Workloads setting. Works on SQL Server 2008-2016.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            When this option is set, plan cache size is further reduced for single-use ad hoc OLTP workload.
 
            More info: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645587.aspx
            http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/glennberry/2011/02/25/some-suggested-sql-server-2008-r2-instance-configuration-settings/
 
            These are just general recommendations for SQL Server and are a good starting point for setting the "optimize for adhoc workloads" option.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            A collection of one or more SQL Server instance names to query.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Configure, SPConfigure
            Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaOptimizeForAdHoc
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaOptimizeForAdHoc -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012
 
            Validates whether Optimize for AdHoc Workloads setting is enabled for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $notesAdHocZero = "Recommended configuration is 1 (enabled)."
        $notesAsRecommended = "Configuration is already set as recommended."
        $recommendedValue = 1
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Get current configured value
            $optimizeAdHoc = $server.Configuration.OptimizeAdhocWorkloads.ConfigValue

            #Setting notes for optimize adhoc value
            if ($optimizeAdHoc -eq $recommendedValue) {
                $notes = $notesAsRecommended
            }
            else {
                $notes = $notesAdHocZero
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName             = $server.NetName
                InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                CurrentOptimizeAdHoc     = $optimizeAdHoc
                RecommendedOptimizeAdHoc = $recommendedValue
                Notes                    = $notes
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaPowerPlan {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Checks the Power Plan settings for compliance with best practices, which recommend High Performance for SQL Server.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Checks the Power Plan settings on a computer against best practices recommendations. If one server is checked, only $true or $false is returned. If multiple servers are checked, each server's name and an isBestPractice field are returned.
 
            References:
            https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2207548
            http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/windows-power-plan-effects-on-newer-intel-processors/
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The server(s) to check Power Plan settings on.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Specifies a PSCredential object to use in authenticating to the server(s), instead of the current user account.
 
        .PARAMETER CustomPowerPlan
            If your organization uses a custom power plan that's considered best practice, specify it here.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
             Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: PowerPlan
            Requires: WMI access to servers
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaPowerPlan
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlserver2014a
 
            Checks the Power Plan settings for sqlserver2014a and indicates whether or not it complies with best practices.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlserver2014a -CustomPowerPlan 'Maximum Performance'
 
            Checks the Power Plan settings for sqlserver2014a and indicates whether or not it is set to the custom plan "Maximum Performance".
    #>
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$CustomPowerPlan,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $bpPowerPlan = [PSCustomObject]@{
            InstanceID  = '8c5e7fda-e8bf-4a96-9a85-a6e23a8c635c'
            ElementName = $null
        }

        $sessionOption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $credential

            $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName

            if (!$computerResolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan."

            if (!$Credential) {
                $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computerResolved -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
            else {
                $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computerResolved -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimSession.id) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CimSession on $computer over DCOM."

                if (!$Credential) {
                    $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computerResolved -SessionOption $sessionOption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
                else {
                    $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computerResolved -SessionOption $sessionOption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                }
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimSession.id) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't create CimSession on $computer." -Target $computer
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $computer."

            try {
                $powerPlans = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $cimSession -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power" -ErrorAction Stop | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceID, IsActive
            }
            catch {
                if ($_.Exception -match "namespace") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Unsupported operating system." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Check logs for more details." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                }
            }

            $powerPlan = $powerPlans | Where-Object IsActive -eq 'True' | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceID
            $powerPlan.InstanceID = $powerPlan.InstanceID.Split('{')[1].Split('}')[0]

            if ($CustomPowerPlan.Length -gt 0) {
                $bpPowerPlan.ElementName = $CustomPowerPlan
                $bpPowerPlan.InstanceID = $($powerPlans | Where-Object { $_.ElementName -eq $CustomPowerPlan }).InstanceID
            }
            else {
                $bpPowerPlan.ElementName = $($powerPlans | Where-Object { $_.InstanceID.Split('{')[1].Split('}')[0] -eq $bpPowerPlan.InstanceID }).ElementName
                if ($null -eq $bpPowerplan.ElementName) {
                    $bpPowerPlan.ElementName = "You do not have the high performance plan installed on this machine."
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recommended GUID is $($bpPowerPlan.InstanceID) and you have $($powerPlan.InstanceID)."

            if ($null -eq $powerPlan.InstanceID) {
                $powerPlan.ElementName = "Unknown"
            }

            if ($powerPlan.InstanceID -eq $bpPowerPlan.InstanceID) {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            }
            else {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName         = $computer
                ActivePowerPlan      = $powerPlan.ElementName
                RecommendedPowerPlan = $bpPowerPlan.ElementName
                isBestPractice       = $isBestPractice
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaServerName {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tests to see if it's possible to easily rename the server at the SQL Server instance level, or if it even needs to be changed.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            When a SQL Server's host OS is renamed, the SQL Server should be as well. This helps with Availability Groups and Kerberos.
 
            This command helps determine if your OS and SQL Server names match, and whether a rename is required.
 
            It then checks conditions that would prevent a rename, such as database mirroring and replication.
 
            https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2525/steps-to-change-the-server-name-for-a-sql-server-machine/
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if Credential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeSsrs
            If this switch is enabled, checking for SQL Server Reporting Services will be skipped.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SPN, ServerName
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaServerName
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a
 
            Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016
 
            Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -ExcludeSsrs
 
            Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a and sql2016, but skips validating if SSRS is installed on both instances.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 | Select-Object *
 
            Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
 
            If a Rename is required, it will also show Updatable, and Reasons if the servername is not updatable.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias("NoWarning")]
        [switch]$ExcludeSsrs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NoWarning
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Verbose "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsClustered) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message  "$instance is a cluster. Renaming clusters is not supported by Microsoft."
            }

            $sqlInstanceName = $server.Query("SELECT @@servername AS ServerName").ServerName
            $instance = $server.InstanceName

            if ($instance.Length -eq 0) {
                $serverInstanceName = $server.NetName
                $instance = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }
            else {
                $netname = $server.NetName
                $serverInstanceName = "$netname\$instance"
            }

            $serverInfo = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                IsEqual        = $serverInstanceName -eq $sqlInstanceName
                RenameRequired = $serverInstanceName -ne $sqlInstanceName
                Updatable      = "N/A"
                Warnings       = $null
                Blockers       = $null
            }

            $reasons = @()
            $ssrsService = "SQL Server Reporting Services ($instance)"

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for $serverName on $netBiosName"
            $rs = $null
            if ($SkipSsrs -eq $false -or $NoWarning -eq $false) {
                try {
                    $rs = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Instance $server.ServiceName -Type SSRS -EnableException -WarningAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message  "Unable to pull information on $ssrsService." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ($null -ne $rs -or $rs.Count -gt 0) {
                if ($rs.State -eq 'Running') {
                    $rstext = "$ssrsService must be stopped and updated."
                }
                else {
                    $rstext = "$ssrsService exists. When it is started again, it must be updated."
                }
                $serverInfo.Warnings = $rstext
            }
            else {
                $serverInfo.Warnings = "N/A"
            }

            # check for mirroring
            $mirroredDb = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true }

            Write-Debug "Found the following mirrored dbs: $($mirroredDb.Name)"

            if ($mirroredDb.Length -gt 0) {
                $dbs = $mirroredDb.Name -join ", "
                $reasons += "Databases are being mirrored: $dbs"
            }

            # check for replication
            $sql = "SELECT name FROM sys.databases WHERE is_published = 1 OR is_subscribed = 1 OR is_distributor = 1"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            $replicatedDb = $server.Query($sql)

            if ($replicatedDb.Count -gt 0) {
                $dbs = $replicatedDb.Name -join ", "
                $reasons += "Database(s) are involved in replication: $dbs"
            }

            # check for even more replication
            $sql = "SELECT srl.remote_name as RemoteLoginName FROM sys.remote_logins srl JOIN sys.sysservers sss ON srl.server_id = sss.srvid"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            $results = $server.Query($sql)

            if ($results.RemoteLoginName.Count -gt 0) {
                $remoteLogins = $results.RemoteLoginName -join ", "
                $reasons += "Remote logins still exist: $remoteLogins"
            }

            if ($reasons.Length -gt 0) {
                $serverInfo.Updatable = $false
                $serverInfo.Blockers = $reasons
            }
            else {
                $serverInfo.Updatable = $true
                $serverInfo.Blockers = "N/A"
            }

            $serverInfo | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Warnings, Blockers
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Test-DbaSpn {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Test-DbaSpn will determine what SPNs *should* be set for a given server (and any instances of SQL running on it) and return
            whether the SPNs are set or not.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function is designed to take in a server name(s) and attempt to determine required SPNs. It was initially written to mimic the (previously)
            broken functionality of the Microsoft Kerberos Configuration manager and SQL Server 2016. The functon will connect to a remote server and,
            through WMI, discover all running intances of SQL Server. For any instances with TCP/IP enabled, the script will determine which port(s)
            the instances are listening on and generate the required SPNs. For named instances NOT using dynamic ports, the script will generate a port-
            based SPN for those instances as well. At a minimum, the script will test a base, port-less SPN for each instance discovered.
 
            Once the required SPNs are generated, the script will connect to Active Directory and search for any of the SPNs (if any) that are already
            set.
 
            The function will return a custom object(s) that contains the server name checked, the instance name discovered, the account the service is
            running under, and what the "required" SPN should be. It will also return a boolean property indicating if the SPN is set in Active Directory
            or not.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The computer you want to discover any SQL Server instances on. This parameter is required.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            The credential you want to use to connect to the remote server and active directory.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SPN
            Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com
            Editor: niphlod
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaSpn
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERA -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
            Connects to a computer (SQLSERVERA) and queries WMI for all SQL instances and return "required" SPNs. It will then take each SPN it generates
            and query Active Directory to make sure the SPNs are set.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERA,SQLSERVERB -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
            Connects to multiple computers (SQLSERVERA, SQLSERVERB) and queries WMI for all SQL instances and return "required" SPNs.
            It will then take each SPN it generates and query Active Directory to make sure the SPNs are set.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERC -Credential (Get-Credential)
 
            Connects to a computer (SQLSERVERC) on a specified and queries WMI for all SQL instances and return "required" SPNs.
            It will then take each SPN it generates and query Active Directory to make sure the SPNs are set. Note that the credential you pass must have be a valid login with appropriate rights on the domain
    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # spare the cmdlet to search for the same account over and over
        $resultCache = @{}
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Turbo
            }

            if ($null -eq $resolved.IPAddress) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot resolve IP address, moving on."
                continue
            }

            $hostEntry = $resolved.FullComputerName

            Write-Message -Message "Resolved ComputerName to FQDN: $hostEntry" -Level Verbose

            $Scriptblock = {

                function Convert-SqlVersion {
                    [cmdletbinding()]
                    param (
                        [version]$version
                    )

                    switch ($version.Major) {
                        9 { "SQL Server 2005" }
                        10 {
                            if ($version.Minor -eq 0) {
                                "SQL Server 2008"
                            }
                            else {
                                "SQL Server 2008 R2"
                            }
                        }
                        11 { "SQL Server 2012" }
                        12 { "SQL Server 2014" }
                        13 { "SQL Server 2016" }
                        14 { "SQL Server 2017" }
                        default { $version }
                    }
                }

                $spns = @()
                $servereName = $args[0]
                $hostEntry = $args[1]
                $instanceName = $args[2]
                $instanceCount = $wmi.ServerInstances.Count

                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose "Found $instanceCount instances"

                foreach ($instance in $wmi.ServerInstances) {
                    $spn = [pscustomobject] @{
                        ComputerName           = $servereName
                        InstanceName           = $instanceName
                        #SKUNAME
                        SqlProduct             = $null
                        InstanceServiceAccount = $null
                        RequiredSPN            = $null
                        IsSet                  = $false
                        Cluster                = $false
                        TcpEnabled             = $false
                        Port                   = $null
                        DynamicPort            = $false
                        Warning                = "None"
                        Error                  = "None"
                        # for piping
                        Credential             = $Credential
                    }

                    $spn.InstanceName = $instance.Name
                    $instanceName = $spn.InstanceName

                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose "Parsing $instanceName"

                    $services = $wmi.Services | Where-Object DisplayName -EQ "SQL Server ($instanceName)"
                    $spn.InstanceServiceAccount = $services.ServiceAccount
                    $spn.Cluster = ($services.advancedproperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'Clustered').Value

                    if ($spn.Cluster) {
                        $hostEntry = ($services.advancedproperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'VSNAME').Value.ToLower()
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Verbose "Found cluster $hostEntry"
                        $hostEntry = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($hostEntry)).HostName
                        $spn.ComputerName = $hostEntry
                    }

                    $rawVersion = [version]($services.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'VERSION').Value

                    $version = Convert-SqlVersion $rawVersion
                    $skuName = ($services.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'SKUNAME').Value

                    $spn.SqlProduct = "$version $skuName"

                    #is tcp enabled on this instance? If not, we don't need an spn, son
                    if ((($instance.ServerProtocols | Where-Object { $_.Displayname -eq "TCP/IP" }).ProtocolProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "Enabled" }).Value -eq $true) {
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Verbose "TCP is enabled, gathering SPN requirements"
                        $spn.TcpEnabled = $true
                        #Each instance has a default SPN of MSSQLSvc\<fqdn> or MSSSQLSvc\<fqdn>:Instance
                        if ($instance.Name -eq "MSSQLSERVER") {
                            $spn.RequiredSPN = "MSSQLSvc/$hostEntry"
                        }
                        else {
                            $spn.RequiredSPN = "MSSQLSvc/" + $hostEntry + ":" + $instance.Name
                        }
                    }

                    $spns += $spn
                }
                # Now, for each spn, do we need a port set? Only if TCP is enabled and NOT DYNAMIC!
                foreach ($spn in $spns) {
                    $ports = @()

                    $ips = (($wmi.ServerInstances | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $spn.InstanceName }).ServerProtocols | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq "TCP/IP" -and $_.IsEnabled -eq "True" }).IpAddresses
                    $ipAllPort = $null
                    foreach ($ip in $ips) {
                        if ($ip.Name -eq "IPAll") {
                            $ipAllPort = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TCPPort" }).Value
                            if (($ip.IpAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }).Value -ne "") {
                                $ipAllPort = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }).Value + "d"
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $enabled = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "Enabled" }).Value
                            $active = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "Active" }).Value
                            $tcpDynamicPorts = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }).Value
                            if ($enabled -and $active -and $tcpDynamicPorts -eq "") {
                                $ports += ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TCPPort" }).Value
                            }
                            elseif ($enabled -and $active -and $tcpDynamicPorts -ne "") {
                                $ports += $ipAllPort + "d"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if ($ipAllPort -ne "") {
                        #IPAll overrides any set ports. Not sure why that's the way it is?
                        $ports = $ipAllPort
                    }

                    $ports = $ports | Select-Object -Unique
                    foreach ($port in $ports) {
                        $newspn = $spn.PSObject.Copy()
                        if ($port -like "*d") {
                            $newspn.Port = ($port.replace("d", ""))
                            $newspn.RequiredSPN = $newspn.RequiredSPN.Replace($newSPN.InstanceName, $newspn.Port)
                            $newspn.DynamicPort = $true
                            $newspn.Warning = "Dynamic port is enabled"
                        }
                        else {
                            #If this is a named instance, replace the instance name with a port number (for non-dynamic ported named instances)
                            $newspn.Port = $port
                            $newspn.DynamicPort = $false

                            if ($newspn.InstanceName -eq "MSSQLSERVER") {
                                $newspn.RequiredSPN = $newspn.RequiredSPN + ":" + $port
                            }
                            else {
                                $newspn.RequiredSPN = $newspn.RequiredSPN.Replace($newSPN.InstanceName, $newspn.Port)
                            }
                        }
                        $spns += $newspn
                    }
                }
                $spns
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to SQL WMI on remote computer " -Level Verbose

            try {
                $spns = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $hostEntry -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $resolved.FullComputerName, $hostEntry, $computer.InstanceName -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't connect to $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            #Now query AD for each required SPN
            foreach ($spn in $spns) {
                $searchfor = 'User'
                if ($spn.InstanceServiceAccount -eq 'LocalSystem' -or $spn.InstanceServiceAccount -like 'NT SERVICE\*') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Virtual account detected, changing target registration to computername"
                    $spn.InstanceServiceAccount = "$($resolved.Domain)\$($resolved.ComputerName)$"
                    $searchfor = 'Computer'
                }
                elseif ($spn.InstanceServiceAccount -like '*\*$') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Managed Service Account detected"
                    $searchfor = 'Computer'
                }

                $serviceAccount = $spn.InstanceServiceAccount
                # spare the cmdlet to search for the same account over and over
                if ($spn.InstanceServiceAccount -notin $resultCache.Keys) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Searching for $serviceAccount" -Level Verbose
                    try {
                        $result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $serviceAccount -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                        $resultCache[$spn.InstanceServiceAccount] = $result
                    }
                    catch {
                        if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($spn.InstanceServiceAccount)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($serviceAccount)." -Level Warning
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $result = $resultCache[$spn.InstanceServiceAccount]
                }
                if ($result.Count -gt 0) {
                    try {
                        $results = $result.GetUnderlyingObject()
                        if ($results.Properties.servicePrincipalName -contains $spn.RequiredSPN) {
                            $spn.IsSet = $true
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "The SQL Service account ($serviceAccount) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its SPNs" -Level Warning
                        continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SQL Service account not found. Results may not be accurate."
                    $spn
                    continue
                }
                if (!$spn.IsSet -and $spn.TcpEnabled) {
                    $spn.Error = "SPN missing"
                }

                $spn | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential, DomainName
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaSqlBuild {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns SQL Server Build "compliance" level on a build
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        It answers the question "is this build up to date ?"
        Returns info about the specific build of a SQL instance, including the SP, the CU and the reference KB, End Of Support, wherever possible.
        It adds a Compliance property as true/false, and adds details about the "targeted compliance"
 
    .PARAMETER Build
        Instead of connecting to a real instance, pass a string identifying the build to get the info back.
 
    .PARAMETER MinimumBuild
        This is the build version to test "compliance" against. Anything below this is flagged as not compliant
 
    .PARAMETER MaxBehind
        Instead of using a specific MinimumBuild here you can pass "how many service packs and cu back" is the targeted compliance level
        You can use xxSP or xxCU or both, where xx is a number. See Examples for more informations
 
    .PARAMETER Latest
        Shortcut for specifying the very most up-to-date build available.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target any number of instances, in order to return their compliance state.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        When connecting to an instance, use the credentials specified.
 
    .PARAMETER Update
        Looks online for the most up to date reference, replacing the local one.
 
    .PARAMETER Quiet
        Makes the function just return $true/$false. It's useful if you use Test-DbaSqlBuild in your own scripts, like
            if (Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "0CU" -Quiet) {
                Do-Something
            }
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MinimumBuild "12.0.5557"
 
        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540" (which is SQL 2014 with SP2 and CU4), which is not compliant as the minimum required
        build is "12.0.5557" (which is SQL 2014 with SP2 and CU8)
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "1SP"
 
        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is AT MOST 1 Service Pack "behind". For that version,
        that identifies an SP2, means accepting as the lowest compliance version as "12.0.4110", that identifies 2014 with SP1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "1SP 1CU"
 
        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is AT MOST 1 Service Pack "behind", plus 1 CU "behind". For that version,
        that identifies an SP2 and CU, rolling back 1 SP brings you to "12.0.4110", but given the latest CU for SP1 is CU13, the target "compliant" build
        will be "12.0.4511", which is 2014 with SP1 and CU12
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "0CU"
 
        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is the latest CU release.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -Latest
 
        Same as previous, returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is the latest build available.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.00.4502" -MinimumBuild "12.0.4511" -Update
 
        Same as before, but tries to fetch the most up to date index online. When the online version is newer, the local one gets overwritten
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSqlBuild -Build "12.0.4502","10.50.4260" -MinimumBuild "12.0.4511"
 
        Returns information builds identified by these versions strings
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Test-DbaSqlBuild -MinimumBuild "12.0.4511"
 
        Integrate with other commandlets to have builds checked for all your registered servers on sqlserver2014a
 
    .NOTES
        Author: niphlod
        Editor: Fred
        Tags: SqlBuild
 
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaSqlBuild
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [version[]]
        $Build,

        [version]
        $MinimumBuild,

        [string]
        $MaxBehind,

        [switch]
        $Latest,

        [parameter(Mandatory = $false, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,

        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [switch]
        $Update,

        [switch]
        $Quiet,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Helper functions
        function Get-DbaSqlBuildReferenceIndex {
            [CmdletBinding()]

            $DbatoolsData = Get-DbaConfigValue -Name 'Path.DbatoolsData'
            $writable_idxfile = Join-Path $DbatoolsData "dbatools-buildref-index.json"
            $result = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
            $result.Data | Select-Object @{ Name = "VersionObject"; Expression = { [version]$_.Version } }, *
        }

        $ComplianceSpec = @()
        $ComplianceSpecExclusiveParams = @('MinimumBuild', 'MaxBehind', 'Latest')
        foreach ($exclParam in $ComplianceSpecExclusiveParams) {
            if (Test-Bound -Parameter $exclParam) { $ComplianceSpec += $exclParam }
        }
        if ($ComplianceSpec.Length -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "-MinimumBuild, -MaxBehind and -Latest are mutually exclusive. Please choose only one. Quitting."
            return
        }
        if ($ComplianceSpec.Length -eq 0) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You need to choose one from -MinimumBuild, -MaxBehind and -Latest. Quitting."
            return
        }
        try {
            # Empty call just to make sure the buildref is updated and on the right path
            Get-DbaSqlBuildReference -Update:$Update -EnableException:$true
            $IdxRef = Get-DbaSqlBuildReferenceIndex
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Error loading SQL build reference" -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
        if ($MaxBehind) {
            $MaxBehindValidator = [regex]'^(?<howmany>[\d]+)(?<what>SP|CU)$'
            $pieces = $MaxBehind.Split(' ')    | Where-Object { $_ }
            try {
                $ParsedMaxBehind = @{}
                foreach ($piece in $pieces) {
                    $pieceMatch = $MaxBehindValidator.Match($piece)
                    if ($pieceMatch.Success -ne $true) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "MaxBehind has an invalid syntax ('$piece' could not be parsed correctly)" -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                    else {
                        $howmany = [int]$pieceMatch.Groups['howmany'].Value
                        $what = $pieceMatch.Groups['what'].Value
                        if ($ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey($what)) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The specifier $what has been already passed" -ErrorRecord $_
                            return
                        }
                        else {
                            $ParsedMaxBehind[$what] = $howmany
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (-not $ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey('SP')) {
                    $ParsedMaxBehind['SP'] = 0
                }
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error parsing MaxBehind" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $hiddenProps = @()
        if (-not $SqlInstance) {
            $hiddenProps += 'SqlInstance'
        }
        if ($MinimumBuild) {
            $hiddenProps += 'MaxBehind', 'SPTarget', 'CUTarget', 'BuildTarget'
        }
        elseif ($MaxBehind -or $Latest) {
            $hiddenProps += 'MinimumBuild'
        }
        $BuildVersions = Get-DbaSqlBuildReference -Build $Build -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Update:$Update -EnableException:$EnableException
        foreach ($BuildVersion in $BuildVersions) {
            $inputbuild = $BuildVersion.Build
            $compliant = $false
            $targetSPName = $null
            $targetCUName = $null
            if ($BuildVersion.MatchType -eq 'Approximate') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$($BuildVersion.Build) is not recognized as a correct version" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
            if ($MinimumBuild) {
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Comparing $MinimumBuild to $inputbuild"
                if ($inputbuild -ge $MinimumBuild) {
                    $compliant = $true
                }
            }
            elseif ($MaxBehind -or $Latest) {
                $IdxVersion = $IdxRef | Where-Object Version -like "$($inputbuild.Major).$($inputbuild.Minor).*"
                $lastsp = ''
                $SPsAndCUs = @()
                foreach ($el in $IdxVersion) {
                    if ($null -ne $el.SP) {
                        $lastsp = $el.SP | Where-Object { $_ -ne 'LATEST' }
                        $SPsAndCUs += @{
                            VersionObject = $el.VersionObject
                            SP            = $lastsp
                        }
                    }
                    if ($null -ne $el.CU) {
                        $SPsAndCUs += @{
                            VersionObject = $el.VersionObject
                            SP            = $lastsp
                            CU            = $el.CU
                        }
                    }
                }
                $targetedBuild = $SPsAndCUs[0]
                if ($Latest) {
                    $targetedBuild = $IdxVersion[$IdxVersion.Length - 1]
                }
                else {
                    if ($ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey('SP')) {
                        $AllSPs = $SPsAndCUs.SP | Select-Object -Unique
                        $targetSP = $AllSPs.Length - $ParsedMaxBehind['SP'] - 1
                        if ($targetSP -lt 0) {
                            $targetSP = 0
                        }
                        $targetSPName = $AllSPs[$targetSP]
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Target SP is $targetSPName - $targetSP on $($AllSPs.Length)"
                        $targetedBuild = $SPsAndCUs | Where-Object SP -eq $targetSPName | Select-Object -First 1
                    }
                    if ($ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey('CU')) {
                        $AllCUs = ($SPsAndCUs | Where-Object VersionObject -gt $targetedBuild.VersionObject).CU | Select-Object -Unique
                        if ($AllCUs.Length -gt 0) {
                            #CU after the targeted build available
                            $targetCU = $AllCUs.Length - $ParsedMaxBehind['CU'] - 1
                            if ($targetCU -lt 0) {
                                $targetCU = 0
                            }
                            $targetCUName = $AllCUs[$targetCU]
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Target CU is $targetCUName - $targetCU on $($AllCUs.Length)"
                            $targetedBuild = $SPsAndCUs | Where-Object VersionObject -gt $targetedBuild.VersionObject | Where-Object CU -eq $targetCUName | Select-Object -First 1
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($inputbuild -ge $targetedBuild.VersionObject) {
                    $compliant = $true
                }
            }
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Compliant -Value $compliant
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MinimumBuild -Value $MinimumBuild
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MaxBehind -Value $MaxBehind
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SPTarget -Value $targetSPName
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CUTarget -Value $targetCUName
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name BuildTarget -Value $targetedBuild.VersionObject
            if ($Quiet) {
                $BuildVersion.Compliant
            }
            else {
                $BuildVersion | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $hiddenProps
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaSqlManagementObject {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tests to see if the SMO version specified exists on the computer.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The Test-DbaSqlManagementObject returns True if the Version is on the computer, and False if it does not exist.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The name of the target you would like to check
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            This command uses Windows credentials. This parameter allows you to connect remotely as a different user.
 
        .PARAMETER VersionNumber
            This is the specific version number you are looking for and the return will be True.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: SMO
            Author: Ben Miller (@DBAduck - http://dbaduck.com)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaSqlManagementObject
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaSqlManagementObject -VersionNumber 13
 
            Returns True if the version exists, if it does not exist it will return False
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int[]]$VersionNumber,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            foreach ($number in $args) {
                $smoList = (Get-ChildItem -Path "$($env:SystemRoot)\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo" -Filter "$number.*" | Sort-Object Name -Descending).Name

                if ($smoList) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $number
                        Exists       = $true
                    }
                }
                else {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $number
                        Exists       = $false
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $VersionNumber -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaSqlPath {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tests if file or directory exists from the perspective of the SQL Server service account.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Uses master.dbo.xp_fileexist to determine if a file or directory exists.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server you want to run the test on.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The Path to test. This can be a file or directory
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .OUTPUTS
            System.Boolean
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Path, ServiceAccount
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: Admin access to server (not SQL Services),
            Remoting must be enabled and accessible if $SqlInstance is not local
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaSqlPath
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP
 
            Tests whether the service account running the "sqlcluster" SQL Server instance can access L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP. Logs into sqlcluster using Windows credentials.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $credential = Get-Credential
            Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance sqlcluster -SqlCredential $credential -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP
 
            Tests whether the service account running the "sqlcluster" SQL Server instance can access L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP. Logs into sqlcluster using SQL authentication.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $counter = [pscustomobject] @{ Value = 0 }
        $groupSize = 100
        $groups = $Path | Group-Object -Property { [math]::Floor($counter.Value++ / $groupSize) }
        foreach ($g in $groups) {
            $PathsBatch = $g.Group
            $query = @()
            foreach ($p in $PathsBatch) {
                $query += "EXEC master.dbo.xp_fileexist '$p'"
            }
            $sql = $query -join ';'
            $batchresult = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql)
            if ($Path.Count -eq 1) {
                if ($batchresult.Tables.rows[0] -eq $true -or $batchresult.Tables.rows[1] -eq $true) {
                    return $true
                }
                else {
                    return $false
                }
            }
            else {
                $i = 0
                foreach ($r in $batchresult.tables.rows) {
                    $DoesPass = $r[0] -eq $true -or $r[1] -eq $true
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        FilePath   = $PathsBatch[$i]
                        FileExists = $DoesPass
                    }
                    $i += 1
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlPath
    }
}
function Test-DbaTempDbConfiguration {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Evaluates tempdb against several rules to match best practices.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Evaluates tempdb against a set of rules to match best practices. The rules are:
 
            * TF 1118 enabled - Is Trace Flag 1118 enabled (See KB328551).
            * File Count - Does the count of data files in tempdb match the number of logical cores, up to 8?
            * File Growth - Are any files set to have percentage growth? Best practice is all files have an explicit growth value.
            * File Location - Is tempdb located on the C:\? Best practice says to locate it elsewhere.
            * File MaxSize Set (optional) - Do any files have a max size value? Max size could cause tempdb problems if it isn't allowed to grow.
 
            Other rules can be added at a future date.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server Instance to connect to. SQL Server 2005 and higher are supported.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be depreciated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: tempdb, configuration
            Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net
            Based off of Amit Bannerjee's (@banerjeeamit) Get-TempDB function (https://github.com/amitmsft/SqlOnAzureVM/blob/master/Get-TempdbFiles.ps1)
 
            dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
            Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaTempDbConfiguration
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost
 
            Checks tempdb on the localhost machine.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaTempDbConfiguration -SqlInstance localhost | Select-Object *
 
            Checks tempdb on the localhost machine. All rest results are shown.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $result = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #test for TF 1118
            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 13) {
                $notes = 'SQL Server 2016 has this functionality enabled by default'
                # DBA May have changed setting. May need to check.
                $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Rule           = 'TF 1118 Enabled'
                    Recommended    = $true
                    CurrentSetting = $true
                }
            }
            else {
                $sql = "DBCC TRACEON (3604);DBCC TRACESTATUS(-1)"
                $tfCheck = $server.Databases['tempdb'].Query($sql)
                $notes = 'KB328551 describes how TF 1118 can benefit performance.'

                if (($tfCheck.TraceFlag -join ',').Contains('1118')) {
                    $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Rule           = 'TF 1118 Enabled'
                        Recommended    = $true
                        CurrentSetting = $true
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Rule           = 'TF 1118 Enabled'
                        Recommended    = $true
                        CurrentSetting = $false
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($value.Recommended -ne $value.CurrentSetting -and $null -ne $value.Recommended) {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }
            else {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsBestPractice -Value $isBestPractice
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value $notes
            $result += $value
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TF 1118 evaluated"

            #get files and log files
            $tempdbFiles = Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance $server -Database tempdb
            [array]$dataFiles = $tempdbFiles | Where-Object Type -ne 1
            $logFiles = $tempdbFiles | Where-Object Type -eq 1
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TempDB file objects gathered"

            $cores = $server.Processors
            if ($cores -gt 8) {
                $cores = 8
            }

            $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File Count'
                Recommended    = $cores
                CurrentSetting = $dataFiles.Count
            }

            if ($value.Recommended -ne $value.CurrentSetting -and $null -ne $value.Recommended) {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }
            else {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsBestPractice -Value $isBestPractice
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value 'Microsoft recommends that the number of tempdb data files is equal to the number of logical cores up to 8.'
            $result += $value

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File counts evaluated."

            #test file growth
            $percData = $dataFiles | Where-Object GrowthType -ne 'KB' | Measure-Object
            $percLog = $logFiles  | Where-Object GrowthType -ne 'KB' | Measure-Object

            $totalCount = $percData.Count + $percLog.Count
            if ($totalCount -gt 0) {
                $totalCount = $true
            }
            else {
                $totalCount = $false
            }

            $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File Growth in Percent'
                Recommended    = $false
                CurrentSetting = $totalCount
            }

            if ($value.Recommended -ne $value.CurrentSetting -and $null -ne $value.Recommended) {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }
            else {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsBestPractice -Value $isBestPractice
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value 'Set file growth to explicit values, not by percent.'
            $result += $value

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File growth settings evaluated."
            #test file Location

            $cdata = ($dataFiles | Where-Object PhysicalName -like 'C:*' | Measure-Object).Count + ($logFiles | Where-Object PhysicalName -like 'C:*' | Measure-Object).Count
            if ($cdata -gt 0) {
                $cdata = $true
            }
            else {
                $cdata = $false
            }

            $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File Location'
                Recommended    = $false
                CurrentSetting = $cdata
            }

            if ($value.Recommended -ne $value.CurrentSetting -and $null -ne $value.Recommended) {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }
            else {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsBestPractice -Value $isBestPractice
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value "Do not place your tempdb files on C:\."
            $result += $value

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File locations evaluated."

            #Test growth limits
            $growthLimits = ($dataFiles | Where-Object MaxSize -gt 0 | Measure-Object).Count + ($logFiles | Where-Object MaxSize -gt 0 | Measure-Object).Count
            if ($growthLimits -gt 0) {
                $growthLimits = $true
            }
            else {
                $growthLimits = $false
            }

            $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File MaxSize Set'
                Recommended    = $false
                CurrentSetting = $growthLimits
            }

            if ($value.Recommended -ne $value.CurrentSetting -and $null -ne $value.Recommended) {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }
            else {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsBestPractice -Value $isBestPractice
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $value -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value "Consider setting your tempdb files to unlimited growth."
            $result += $value

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "MaxSize values evaluated."

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Rule, Recommended, IsBestPractice
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlTempDbConfiguration
    }
}
function Test-DbaValidLogin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Test-DbaValidLogin finds any logins on SQL instance that are AD logins with either disabled AD user accounts or ones that no longer exist
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            The purpose of this function is to find SQL Server logins that are used by active directory users that are either disabled or removed from the domain. It allows you to keep your logins accurate and up to date by removing accounts that are no longer needed.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance you're checking logins on. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Login
            Specifies a list of logins to include in the results. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
            Specifies a list of logins to exclude from the results. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER FilterBy
            Specifies the object types to return. By default, both Logins and Groups are returned. Valid options for this parameter are 'GroupsOnly' and 'LoginsOnly'.
 
        .PARAMETER IgnoreDomains
            Specifies a list of Active Directory domains to ignore. By default, all domains in the forest as well as all trusted domains are traversed.
 
        .PARAMETER Detailed
            Output all properties, will be depreciated in 1.0.0 release.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Stephen Bennett: https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
 
            dWebsite: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaValidLogin
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaValidLogin -SqlInstance Dev01
 
            Tests all logins in the current Active Directory domain that are either disabled or do not exist on the SQL Server instance Dev01
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaValidLogin -SqlInstance Dev01 -FilterBy GroupsOnly | Select-Object -Property *
 
            Tests all Active Directory groups that have logins on Dev01, and shows all information for those logins
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaValidLogin -SqlInstance Dev01 -IgnoreDomains testdomain
 
            Tests all Domain logins excluding any that are from the testdomain
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [ValidateSet("LoginsOnly", "GroupsOnly", "None")]
        [string]$FilterBy = "None",
        [string[]]$IgnoreDomains,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        if ($IgnoreDomains) {
            $IgnoreDomainsNormalized = $IgnoreDomains.ToUpper()
            Write-Message -Message ("Excluding logins for domains " + ($IgnoreDomains -join ',')) -Level Verbose
        }

        $mappingRaw = @{
            'SCRIPT'                                 = 1
            'ACCOUNTDISABLE'                         = 2
            'HOMEDIR_REQUIRED'                       = 8
            'LOCKOUT'                                = 16
            'PASSWD_NOTREQD'                         = 32
            'PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE'                     = 64
            'ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED'        = 128
            'TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT'                 = 256
            'NORMAL_ACCOUNT'                         = 512
            'INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT'              = 2048
            'WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT'              = 4096
            'SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT'                   = 8192
            'DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD'                     = 65536
            'MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT'                      = 131072
            'SMARTCARD_REQUIRED'                     = 262144
            'TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION'                 = 524288
            'NOT_DELEGATED'                          = 1048576
            'USE_DES_KEY_ONLY'                       = 2097152
            'DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH'                   = 4194304
            'PASSWORD_EXPIRED'                       = 8388608
            'TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION' = 16777216
            'NO_AUTH_DATA_REQUIRED'                  = 33554432
            'PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT'                = 67108864
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                Write-Message -Message "Connected to: $instance." -Level Verbose
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            # we can only validate AD logins
            $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.LoginType -in ('WindowsUser', 'WindowsGroup') }

            # we cannot validate local users
            $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object { $_.Name.StartsWith("NT ") -eq $false -and $_.Name.StartsWith($server.NetName) -eq $false -and $_.Name.StartsWith("BUILTIN") -eq $false }
            if ($Login) {
                $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object Name -In $Login
            }
            if ($ExcludeLogin) {
                $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLogin
            }
            switch ($FilterBy) {
                "LoginsOnly" {
                    Write-Message -Message "Search restricted to logins." -Level Verbose
                    $windowsLogins = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsUser'
                }
                "GroupsOnly" {
                    Write-Message -Message "Search restricted to groups." -Level Verbose
                    $windowsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup'
                }
                "None" {
                    Write-Message -Message "Search both logins and groups." -Level Verbose
                    $windowsLogins = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsUser'
                    $windowsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup'
                }
            }
            foreach ($login in $windowsLogins) {
                $adLogin = $login.Name
                $loginSid = $login.Sid -join ''
                $domain, $username = $adLogin.Split("\")
                if ($domain.ToUpper() -in $IgnoreDomainsNormalized) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Skipping Login $adLogin." -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Parsing Login $adLogin." -Level Verbose
                $exists = $false
                try {
                    $u = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $adLogin -Type User -EnableException
                    $foundUser = $u.GetUnderlyingObject()
                    $foundSid = $foundUser.ObjectSid.Value -join ''
                    if ($foundUser) {
                        $exists = $true
                    }
                    if ($foundSid -ne $loginSid) {
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin." -Level Warning
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin (MSSQL: $loginSid, AD: $foundSid)." -Level Debug
                        $exists = $false
                    }
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "AD Searcher Error for $username." -Level Warning
                }

                $uac = $foundUser.Properties.UserAccountControl

                $additionalProps = @{
                    AccountNotDelegated               = $null
                    AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = $null
                    CannotChangePassword              = $null
                    PasswordExpired                   = $null
                    LockedOut                         = $null
                    Enabled                           = $null
                    PasswordNeverExpires              = $null
                    PasswordNotRequired               = $null
                    SmartcardLogonRequired            = $null
                    TrustedForDelegation              = $null
                }
                if ($uac) {
                    $additionalProps = @{
                        AccountNotDelegated               = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['NOT_DELEGATED'])
                        AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED'])
                        CannotChangePassword              = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE'])
                        PasswordExpired                   = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['PASSWORD_EXPIRED'])
                        LockedOut                         = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['LOCKOUT'])
                        Enabled                           = !($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['ACCOUNTDISABLE'])
                        PasswordNeverExpires              = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD'])
                        PasswordNotRequired               = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['PASSWD_NOTREQD'])
                        SmartcardLogonRequired            = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['SMARTCARD_REQUIRED'])
                        TrustedForDelegation              = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION'])
                        UserAccountControl                = $uac.Value
                    }
                }
                $rtn = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Server                            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Domain                            = $domain
                    Login                             = $username
                    Type                              = "User"
                    Found                             = $exists
                    DisabledInSQLServer               = $login.IsDisabled
                    AccountNotDelegated               = $additionalProps.AccountNotDelegated
                    AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = $additionalProps.AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption
                    CannotChangePassword              = $additionalProps.CannotChangePassword
                    PasswordExpired                   = $additionalProps.PasswordExpired
                    LockedOut                         = $additionalProps.LockedOut
                    Enabled                           = $additionalProps.Enabled
                    PasswordNeverExpires              = $additionalProps.PasswordNeverExpires
                    PasswordNotRequired               = $additionalProps.PasswordNotRequired
                    SmartcardLogonRequired            = $additionalProps.SmartcardLogonRequired
                    TrustedForDelegation              = $additionalProps.TrustedForDelegation
                    UserAccountControl                = $additionalProps.UserAccountControl
                }

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $rtn -ExcludeProperty AccountNotDelegated, AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption, CannotChangePassword, PasswordNeverExpires, SmartcardLogonRequired, TrustedForDelegation, UserAccountControl

            }

            foreach ($login in $windowsGroups) {
                $adLogin = $login.Name
                $loginSid = $login.Sid -join ''
                $domain, $groupName = $adLogin.Split("\")
                if ($domain.ToUpper() -in $IgnoreDomainsNormalized) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Skipping Login $adLogin." -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Parsing Login $adLogin on $server." -Level Verbose
                $exists = $false
                if ($true) {
                    $u = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $adLogin -Type Group -EnableException
                    $foundUser = $u.GetUnderlyingObject()
                    if ($foundUser) {
                        $exists = $true
                    }
                    $foundSid = $foundUser.objectSid.Value -join ''
                    if ($foundSid -ne $loginSid) {
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin." -Level Warning
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin (MSSQL: $loginSid, AD: $foundSid)." -Level Debug
                        $exists = $false
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Write-Warning -Message "AD Searcher Error for $groupName on $server" -Level Warning
                }
                $rtn = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Server                            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Domain                            = $domain
                    Login                             = $groupName
                    Type                              = "Group"
                    Found                             = $exists
                    DisabledInSQLServer               = $login.IsDisabled
                    AccountNotDelegated               = $null
                    AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = $null
                    CannotChangePassword              = $null
                    PasswordExpired                   = $null
                    LockedOut                         = $null
                    Enabled                           = $null
                    PasswordNeverExpires              = $null
                    PasswordNotRequired               = $null
                    SmartcardLogonRequired            = $null
                    TrustedForDelegation              = $null
                    UserAccountControl                = $null
                }

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $rtn -ExcludeProperty AccountNotDelegated, AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption, CannotChangePassword, PasswordNeverExpires, SmartcardLogonRequired, TrustedForDelegation, UserAccountControl

            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaVirtualLogFile {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns calculations on the database virtual log files for database on a SQL instance.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Having a transaction log file with too many virtual log files (VLFs) can hurt database performance.
 
            Too many VLFs can cause transaction log backups to slow down and can also slow down database recovery and, in extreme cases, even affect insert/update/delete performance.
 
            References:
                http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
                http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx
 
            If you've got a high number of VLFs, you can use Expand-SqlTLogResponsibly to reduce the number.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to scan.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
            Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
            If this switch is enabled, system database information will be displayed.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: VLF, Database
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaVirtualLogFile
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster
 
            Returns all user database virtual log file counts for the sqlcluster instance.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlserver | Where-Object {$_.Count -ge 50}
 
            Returns user databases that have 50 or more VLFs.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            @('sqlserver','sqlcluster') | Test-DbaVirtualLogFile
 
            Returns all VLF information for the sqlserver and sqlcluster SQL Server instances. Processes data via the pipeline.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-DbaVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1, db2
 
            Returns VLF counts for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlcluster.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (!$IncludeSystemDBs) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $data = Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
                    $logFile = Get-DbaDatabaseFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Where-Object Type -eq 1

                    $active = $data | Where-Object Status -EQ 2
                    $inactive = $data | Where-Object Status -EQ 0

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName      = $server.NetName
                        InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database          = $db.name
                        Total             = $data.Count
                        TotalCount        = $data.Count
                        Inactive          = if ($inactive -and $null -eq $inactive.Count) {1} else {$inactive.Count}
                        Active            = if ($active -and $null -eq $active.Count) {1} else {$active.Count}
                        LogFileName       = $logFile.LogicalName -join ","
                        LogFileGrowth     = $logFile.Growth -join ","
                        LogFileGrowthType = $logFile.GrowthType -join ","
                    } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Total
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $($db.name) on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Removes the scheduled task created for Watch-DbaUpdate by Install-DbaWatchUpdate so that notifications no longer pop up.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Removes the scheduled task created for Watch-DbaUpdate by Install-DbaWatchUpdate so that notifications no longer pop up.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: JustForFun, Module
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate
 
            Removes the scheduled task created by Install-DbaWatchUpdate.
    #>
    process {
        if (([Environment]::OSVersion).Version.Major -lt 10) {
            Write-Warning "This command only supports Windows 10 and higher."
            return
        }

        <# Does not utilize message system because of script block #>
        $script = {
            try {
                $task = Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if ($null -eq $task) {
                    Write-Warning "Task doesn't exist. Skipping removal."
                }
                else {
                    Write-Output "Removing watchupdate.xml."
                    $file = "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\dbatools\watchupdate.xml"
                    Remove-Item $file -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                    Write-Output "Removing Scheduled Task 'dbatools version check'."
                    $task | Unregister-ScheduledTask -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop

                    Write-Output "Task removed"

                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Warning "Task could not be deleted. Please remove 'dbatools version check' manually."
            }
        }
        # Needs admin credentials to remove the task because of the way it was setup

        $task = Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        if ($null -eq $task) {
            Write-Warning "dbatools update watcher is not installed."
            return
        }

        if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
            Write-Warning "Removal of this scheduled task requires elevated permissions."
            Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate -Wait
        }
        else {
            Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $script
        }

        Write-Output "All done!"
    }
}
function Update-DbaPowerBiDataSource {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Converts the results of dbatools commands for our PowerBI Dashboard related commands. This command is specific to our toolset and not a general Power BI command.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Converts the results of dbatools commands for our PowerBI Dashboard related commands. This command is specific to our toolset and not a general Power BI command.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Enables piping
 
        .PARAMETER Path
            The directory to store your files. "C:\windows\temp\dbatools\" by default
 
        .PARAMETER Enviornment
            Tag your data with an enviornment. Defaults to "Default"
 
        .PARAMETER Append
            Don't delete previous default data sources.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2016 | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -AllowClobber | Update-DbaPowerBiDataSource | Start-DbaPowerBi
 
            Converts the results of the performance monitor data source and stores it in the appropriate directory then launches our Power BI dashboard
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [pscustomobject]$InputObject,
        [string]$Path = "$env:windir\temp\dbatools",
        [string]$Enviornment = "Default",
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Environment -ne "Default" -and -not $Append) {
            $null = Remove-Item "$Path\*Default*.*sv" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
        $orginalpath = $Path
    }
    process {
        ++$i

        if ($InputObject.RelogFile) {
            $Path = "$orginalpath\perfmon"
        }
        else {
            $Path = "$orginalpath\xevents"
        }

        try {
            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
                $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $Path -ErrorAction Stop
            }
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Exception $_
            return
        }

        $extension = $InputObject.Extension.TrimStart(".")
        $basename = "dbatools_$i"
        if ($InputObject.TagFilter) {
            $basename = "$basename`_$($InputObject.TagFilter -join "_")"
        }

        if ($Enviornment) {
            $basename = "$basename`_$Enviornment"
        }

        $filename = "$basename.$extension"

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing $filename to $path"
            $inputObject | Copy-Item -Destination "$path\$filename"
            Get-ChildItem "$path\$filename"
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
    end {
        if ($InputObject -isnot [System.IO.FileInfo] -and $InputObject -isnot [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Invalid input"
            return
        }
    }
}
function Update-DbaSqlServiceAccount {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Changes service account (or just its password) of the SQL Server service.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Reconfigures service account or updates password of the specified SQL Server service. The service will be restarted in the event of changing the account.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
    The SQL Server (or server in general) that you're connecting to. This command handles named instances.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Windows Credential with permission to log on to the server running the SQL instance
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceCollection
    A collection of services. Basically, any object that has ComputerName and ServiceName properties. Can be piped from Get-DbaSqlService.
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceName
    A name of the service on which the action is performed. E.g. MSSQLSERVER or SqlAgent$INSTANCENAME
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceCredential
    Windows Credential object under which the service will be setup to run. Cannot be used with -Username. For local service accounts use one of the following usernames with empty password:
    LOCALSERVICE
    NETWORKSERVICE
    LOCALSYSTEM
 
    .PARAMETER OldPassword
    An old password of the service account. Optional when run under local admin privileges.
 
    .PARAMETER NewPassword
    New password of the service account. The function will ask for a password if not specified. MSAs and local system accounts will ignore the password.
 
    .PARAMETER Username
    Username of the service account. Cannot be used with -ServiceCredential. For local service accounts use one of the following usernames omitting the -Password parameter:
    LOCALSERVICE
    NETWORKSERVICE
    LOCALSYSTEM
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
    By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
    This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
    Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)
    Tags:
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $NewPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Qwerty1234' -AsPlainText -Force
    Update-DbaSqlServiceAccount -ComputerName sql1 -ServiceName 'MSSQL$MYINSTANCE' -Password $NewPassword
 
    Changes the current service account's password of the service MSSQL$MYINSTANCE to 'Qwerty1234'
 
    .EXAMPLE
    $cred = Get-Credential
    Get-DbaSqlService sql1 -Type Engine,Agent -Instance MYINSTANCE | Update-DbaSqlServiceAccount -ServiceCredential $cred
 
    Requests credentials from the user and configures them as a service account for the SQL Server engine and agent services of the instance sql1\MYINSTANCE
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Update-DbaSqlServiceAccount -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -ServiceName 'MSSQLSERVER','SQLSERVERAGENT' -Username NETWORKSERVICE
 
    Configures SQL Server engine and agent services on the machines sql1 and sql2 to run under Network Service system user.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaSqlService sql1 -Type Engine -Instance MSSQLSERVER | Update-DbaSqlServiceAccount -Username 'MyDomain\sqluser1'
 
    Configures SQL Server engine service on the machine sql1 to run under 'MyDomain\sqluser1'. Will request user to input the account password.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, DefaultParameterSetName = "ServiceName" )]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServiceName")]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "ServiceCollection")]
        [object[]]$ServiceCollection,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServiceName", Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("Name", "Service")]
        [string[]]$ServiceName,
        [Alias("User")]
        [string]$Username,
        [PSCredential]$ServiceCredential,
        [securestring]$OldPassword = (New-Object System.Security.SecureString),
        [Alias("Password")]
        [securestring]$NewPassword = (New-Object System.Security.SecureString),
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $svcCollection = @()
        $scriptAccountChange = {
            $service = $wmi.Services[$args[0]]
            $service.SetServiceAccount($args[1], $args[2])
            $service.Alter()
        }
        $scriptPasswordChange = {
            $service = $wmi.Services[$args[0]]
            $service.ChangePassword($args[1], $args[2])
            $service.Alter()
        }
        #Check parameters
        if ($Username) {
            $actionType = 'Account'
            if ($ServiceCredential) {
                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "You cannot specify both -UserName and -ServiceCredential parameters" -Category InvalidArgument
                return
            }
            #System logins should not have a domain name, whitespaces or passwords
            $trimmedUsername = (Split-Path $Username -Leaf).Trim().Replace(' ', '')
            #Request password input if password was not specified and account is not MSA or system login
            if ($NewPassword.Length -eq 0 -and $PSBoundParameters.Keys -notcontains 'NewPassword' -and $trimmedUsername -notin 'NETWORKSERVICE', 'LOCALSYSTEM', 'LOCALSERVICE' -and $Username.EndsWith('$') -eq $false -and $Username.StartsWith('NT Service\') -eq $false) {
                $NewPassword = Read-Host -Prompt "Input new password for account $UserName" -AsSecureString
                $NewPassword2 = Read-Host -Prompt "Repeat password" -AsSecureString
                if ((New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $NewPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password -ne `
                    (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $NewPassword2)).GetNetworkCredential().Password) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match" -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
                    return
                }
            }
            $currentCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($Username, $NewPassword)
        }
        elseif ($ServiceCredential) {
            $actionType = 'Account'
            $currentCredential = $ServiceCredential
        }
        else {
            $actionType = 'Password'
        }
        if ($actionType -eq 'Account') {
            #System logins should not have a domain name, whitespaces or passwords
            $credUserName = (Split-Path $currentCredential.UserName -Leaf).Trim().Replace(' ', '')
            #Check for system logins and replace the Credential object to simplify passing localsystem-like login names
            if ($credUserName -in 'NETWORKSERVICE', 'LOCALSYSTEM', 'LOCALSERVICE') {
                $currentCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($credUserName, (New-Object System.Security.SecureString))
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'ServiceName') {
            foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
                $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
                if ($Server.ComputerName) {
                    foreach ($service in $ServiceName) {
                        $svcCollection += [psobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            ServiceName  = $service
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer" -Continue
                }
            }
        }
        elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'ServiceCollection') {
            foreach ($service in $ServiceCollection) {
                $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $service.ComputerName -Credential $credential
                if ($Server.ComputerName) {
                    $svcCollection += [psobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $Server.ComputerName
                        ServiceName  = $service.ServiceName
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to connect to $($service.ComputerName)" -Continue
                }
            }
        }

    }
    end {
        foreach ($svc in $svcCollection) {
            if ($serviceObject = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -ServiceName $svc.ServiceName -Credential $Credential -EnableException:$EnableException) {
                $outMessage = $outStatus = $agent = $null
                if ($actionType -eq 'Password' -and $NewPassword.Length -eq 0) {
                    $currentPassword = Read-Host -Prompt "New password for $($serviceObject.StartName) ($($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName))" -AsSecureString
                    $currentPassword2 = Read-Host -Prompt "Repeat password" -AsSecureString
                    if ((New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $currentPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password -ne `
                        (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $currentPassword2)).GetNetworkCredential().Password) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match. This service will not be updated" -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException -Continue
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $currentPassword = $NewPassword
                }
                if ($serviceObject.ServiceType -eq 'Engine') {
                    #Get SQL Agent running status
                    $agent = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Type Agent -InstanceName $serviceObject.InstanceName
                }
                if ($PsCmdlet.ShouldProcess($serviceObject, "Changing account information for service $($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName)")) {
                    try {
                        if ($actionType -eq 'Account') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting an account change for service $($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName)"
                            $null = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptAccountChange -ArgumentList @($svc.ServiceName, $currentCredential.UserName, $currentCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password) -EnableException:$EnableException
                            $outMessage = "The login account for the service has been successfully set."
                        }
                        elseif ($actionType -eq 'Password') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting a password change for service $($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName)"
                            $null = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptPasswordChange -ArgumentList @($svc.ServiceName, (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $OldPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password, (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $currentPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password) -EnableException:$EnableException
                            $outMessage = "The password has been successfully changed."
                        }
                        $outStatus = 'Successful'
                    }
                    catch {
                        $outStatus = 'Failed'
                        $outMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_.Exception.Message -EnableException $EnableException
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $outStatus = 'Successful'
                    $outMessage = 'No changes made - running in -WhatIf mode.'
                }
                if ($serviceObject.ServiceType -eq 'Engine' -and $actionType -eq 'Account' -and $outStatus -eq 'Successful' -and $agent.State -eq 'Running') {
                    #Restart SQL Agent after SQL Engine has been restarted
                    if ($PsCmdlet.ShouldProcess($serviceObject, "Starting SQL Agent after Engine account change on $($svc.ComputerName)")) {
                        $res = Start-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Type Agent -InstanceName $serviceObject.InstanceName
                        if ($res.Status -ne 'Successful') {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to restart SQL Agent after changing credentials. $($res.Message)"
                        }
                    }
                }
                $serviceObject = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -ServiceName $svc.ServiceName -Credential $Credential -EnableException:$EnableException
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serviceObject -NotePropertyName Message -NotePropertyValue $outMessage
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serviceObject -NotePropertyName Status -NotePropertyValue $outStatus
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $serviceObject -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, State, StartName, Status, Message
            }
            Else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The service $($svc.ServiceName) has not been found on $($svc.ComputerName)" -EnableException $EnableException -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Update-Dbatools {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Exported function. Updates dbatools. Deletes current copy and replaces it with freshest copy.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Exported function. Updates dbatools. Deletes current copy and replaces it with freshest copy.
 
        .PARAMETER Development
            If this switch is enabled, the current development branch will be installed. By default, the latest official release is installed.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Module
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Update-DbaTools
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Update-Dbatools
 
            Updates dbatools. Deletes current copy and replaces it with freshest copy.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Update-Dbatools -dev
 
            Updates dbatools to the current development branch. Deletes current copy and replaces it with latest from github.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("dev", "devbranch")]
        [switch]$Development,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    $MyModuleBase = [SqlCollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.SystemHost]::ModuleBase
    $InstallScript = join-path -path $MyModuleBase -ChildPath "install.ps1";
    if ($Development) {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Installing dev/beta channel via $Installscript.";
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("development branch", "Updating dbatools")) {
            & $InstallScript -beta;
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Installing release version via $Installscript."
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("release branch", "Updating dbatools")) {
            & $InstallScript;
        }
    }
}
function Watch-DbaDbLogin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tracks SQL Server logins: which host they came from, what database they're using, and what program is being used to log in.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Watch-DbaDbLogin uses SQL Server DMVs to track logins into a SQL Server table. This is helpful when you need to migrate a SQL Server and update connection strings, but have inadequate documentation on which servers/applications are logging into your SQL instance.
 
            Running this script every 5 minutes for a week should give you a sufficient idea about database and login usage.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server that stores the Watch database.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCms
            Specifies a Central Management Server to query for a list of servers to watch.
 
        .PARAMETER ServersFromFile
            Specifies a file containing a list of servers to watch. This file must contain one server name per line.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The name of the Watch database.
 
        .PARAMETER Table
            The name of the Watch table. By default, this is DbaTools-WatchDbLogins.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted).
 
            To use:
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: Login
            Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
            Requires: sysadmin access on all SQL Servers for the most accurate results
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Watch-DbaDbLogin
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Watch-DbaDbLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver -SqlCms SqlCms1
 
            A list of all database instances within the Central Management Server SqlCms1 is generated. Using this list, the script enumerates all the processes and gathers login information and saves it to the table Dblogins in the DatabaseLogins database on SQL Server sqlserver.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Watch-DbaDbLogin -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database CentralAudit -ServersFromFile .\sqlservers.txt
 
            A list of servers is gathered from the file sqlservers.txt in the current directory. Using this list, the script enumerates all the processes and gathers login information and saves it to the table Dblogins in the CentralAudit database on SQL Server sqlcluster.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Watch-DbaDbLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver -SqlCms SqlCms1 -SqlCredential $cred
 
            A list of servers is generated using database instance names within the SQL2014Clusters group on the Central Management Server SqlCms1. Using this list, the script enumerates all the processes and gathers login information and saves it to the table Dblogins in the DatabaseLogins database on sqlserver.
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$Database,
        [string]$Table = "DbaTools-WatchDbLogins",
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        # Central Management Server
        [string]$SqlCms,

        # File with one server per line
        [string]$ServersFromFile,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-Bound 'SqlCms', 'ServersFromFile' -Not) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a server list source using -SqlCms or -ServersFromFile"
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance"
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
            $serverDest = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }

        $systemdbs = "master", "msdb", "model", "tempdb"
        $excludedPrograms = "Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query", "SQL Management"

        <#
            Get servers to query from Central Management Server or File
        #>
        if ($SqlCms) {
            try {
                $servers = Get-DbaRegisteredServerName -SqlInstance $SqlCms -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "The CMS server, $SqlCms, was not accessible." -Target $SqlCms -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
        if (Test-Bound 'ServersFromFile') {
            if (Test-Path $ServersFromFile) {
                $servers = Get-Content $ServersFromFile
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "$ServersFromFile was not found." -Target $ServersFromFile
                return
            }
        }

        <#
            Process each server
        #>
        foreach ($instance in $servers) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa $server)) {
                Write-Warning "Not a sysadmin on $instance, resultset would be underwhelming. Skipping.";
                continue
            }

            $sql = "
            SELECT
                s.login_time AS [LoginTime]
                , s.login_name AS [Login]
                , ISNULL(s.host_name,N'') AS [Host]
                , ISNULL(s.program_name,N'') AS [Program]
                , ISNULL(r.database_id,N'') AS [DatabaseId]
                , ISNULL(DB_NAME(r.database_id),N'') AS [Database]
                , CAST(~s.is_user_process AS bit) AS [IsSystem]
                , CaptureTime = (SELECT GETDATE())
            FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests AS r
                ON r.session_id = s.session_id"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            $procs = $server.Query($sql) | Where-Object { $_.Host -ne $sourceserver.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS -and ![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Host) }
            $procs = $procs | Where-Object { $systemdbs -notcontains $_.Database -and $excludedPrograms -notcontains $_.Program }

            if ($procs.Count -gt 0) {
                $procs | Select-Object @{Label = "ComputerName"; Expression = {$server.NetName}}, @{Label = "InstanceName"; Expression = {$server.ServiceName}}, @{Label = "SqlInstance"; Expression = {$server.DomainInstanceName}}, LoginTime, Login, Host, Program, DatabaseId, Database, IsSystem, CaptureTime | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable | Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance $serverDest -Database $Database -Table $Table -AutoCreateTable

                Write-Output "Added process information for $instance to datatable."
            }
            else {
                Write-message -Level Verbose -Message "No data returned for $instance."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Watch-SqlDbLogin
    }
}
function Watch-DbaUpdate {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Just for fun - checks the PowerShell Gallery every 1 hour for updates to dbatools. Notifies once per release.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Just for fun - checks the PowerShell Gallery every 1 hour for updates to dbatools. Notifies once max per release.
 
            Anyone know how to make it clickable so that it opens an URL?
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: JustForFun, Module
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Watch-DbaUpdate
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Watch-DbaUpdate
 
            Watches the gallery for updates to dbatools.
    #>

    process {
        if (([Environment]::OSVersion).Version.Major -lt 10) {
            Write-Warning "This command only supports Windows 10 and higher."
            return
        }

        if ($null -eq (Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
            Install-DbaWatchUpdate
        }

        # leave this in for the scheduled task
        $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools

        if (!$module) {
            Import-Module dbatools
            $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools
        }

        $galleryVersion = (Find-Module -Name dbatools -Repository PSGallery).Version
        $localVersion = $module.Version

        if ($galleryVersion -le $localVersion) { return }

        $file = "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\dbatools\watchupdate.xml"

        $new = [pscustomobject]@{
            NotifyVersion = $galleryVersion
        }

        # now that notifications stay until they are checked, we just have to keep
        # track of the last version we notified about

        if (Test-Path $file) {
            $old = Import-Clixml -Path $file -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            if ($galleryVersion -gt $old.NotifyVersion) {
                Export-Clixml -InputObject $new -Path $file
                Show-Notification
            }
        }
        else {
            $directory = Split-Path $file

            if (!(Test-Path $directory)) {
                $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $directory
            }

            Export-Clixml -InputObject $new -Path $file
            Show-Notification
        }
    }
}
function Watch-DbaXESession {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Watch live XEvent Data as it happens
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Watch live XEvent Data as it happens. This command runs until you stop the session, kill the PowerShell session, or Ctrl-C.
 
            Thanks to Dave Mason (@BeginTry) for some straightforward code samples https://itsalljustelectrons.blogspot.be/2017/01/SQL-Server-Extended-Event-Handling-Via-Powershell.html
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            Target SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Session
            Only return a specific session. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            If this switch is enabled, the Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData enumeration object is returned.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            Accepts an XESession object returned by Get-DbaXESession.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, Xevent
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Watch-DbaXESession
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Watch-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health
 
            Shows events for the system_health session as it happens.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Watch-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Path C:\temp\system_health.csv
 
            Exports live events to CSV. Ctrl-C may not not cancel out of it - fastest way is to stop the session.
         
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health | Start-DbaXESession | Watch-DbaXESession | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Path C:\temp\system_health.csv
 
            Exports live events to CSV. Ctrl-C may not not cancel out of this. The fastest way to do so is to stop the session.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance", Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Session,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "piped", Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $SqlInstance) {
            $server = $InputObject.Parent
        }
        else {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
            }
            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $XEStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting XEvents Sessions on $SqlInstance."
            $InputObject = $XEStore.sessions | Where-Object Name -eq $Session | Select-Object -First 1
        }
        
        if ($InputObject) {
            $status = $InputObject.Status
            if ($status -ne "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$($InputObject.Name) is in a $status state."
                return
            }
            
            # Setup all columns for csv but do it in an order
            $columns = @("name", "timestamp")
            $newcolumns = @()
            
            $fields = ($InputObject.Events.EventFields.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($column in $fields) {
                $newcolumns += $column.TrimStart("collect_")
            }
            
            $actions = ($InputObject.Events.Actions.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($action in $actions) {
                $newcolumns += ($action -Split '\.')[-1]
            }
            
            $newcolumns = $newcolumns | Sort-Object
            $columns = ($columns += $newcolumns) | Select-Object -Unique
            
            try {
                $xevent = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData(
                    ($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString),
                    ($InputObject.Name),
                    [Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.EventStreamSourceOptions]::EventStream,
                    [Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.EventStreamCacheOptions]::DoNotCache
                )
                
                if ($raw) {
                    return $xevent
                }
                
                # Format output
                foreach ($event in $xevent) {
                    $hash = [ordered]@{}
                    
                    foreach ($column in $columns) {
                        $null = $hash.Add($column, $event.$column) # this basically adds name and timestamp then nulls
                    }
                    
                    foreach ($action in $event.Actions) {
                        $hash[$action.Name] = $action.Value
                    }
                    
                    foreach ($field in $event.Fields) {
                        $hash[$field.Name] = $field.Value
                    }
                    
                    [pscustomobject]($hash)
                }
            }
            catch {
                Start-Sleep 1
                $status = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $Session
                if ($status.Status -ne "Running") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$($InputObject.Name) was stopped."
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $session
                }
            }
            finally {
                if ($xevent -is [IDisposable]) {
                    $xevent.Dispose()
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            Stop-Function -Message "Session not found." -Target $session
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Write-DbaDataTable {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Writes data to a SQL Server Table.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Writes a .NET DataTable to a SQL Server table using SQL Bulk Copy.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
 
            $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
 
            Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.
 
            To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            The database to import the table into.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            This is the DataTable (or datarow) to import to SQL Server.
 
        .PARAMETER Table
            The table name to import data into. You can specify a one, two, or three part table name. If you specify a one or two part name, you must also use -Database.
 
            If the table does not exist, you can use -AutoCreateTable to automatically create the table with inefficient data types.
 
        .PARAMETER Schema
            Defaults to dbo if no schema is specified.
 
        .PARAMETER BatchSize
            The BatchSize for the import defaults to 5000.
 
        .PARAMETER NotifyAfter
            Sets the option to show the notification after so many rows of import
 
        .PARAMETER AutoCreateTable
            If this switch is enabled, the table will be created if it does not already exist. The table will be created with sub-optimal data types such as nvarchar(max)
 
        .PARAMETER NoTableLock
            If this switch is enabled, a table lock (TABLOCK) will not be placed on the destination table. By default, this operation will lock the destination table while running.
 
        .PARAMETER CheckConstraints
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to process check constraints will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked."
 
        .PARAMETER FireTriggers
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to fire insert triggers will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the Database."
 
        .PARAMETER KeepIdentity
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve source identity values will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination."
 
        .PARAMETER KeepNulls
            If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve NULL values will be enabled.
 
            Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable."
 
        .PARAMETER Truncate
            If this switch is enabled, the destination table will be truncated after prompting for confirmation.
 
        .PARAMETER BulkCopyTimeOut
            Value in seconds for the BulkCopy operations timeout. The default is 30 seconds.
 
        .PARAMETER RegularUser
            If this switch is enabled, the user connecting will be assumed to be a non-administrative user. By default, the underlying connection assumes that the user has administrative privileges.
 
            This is particularly important when connecting to a SQL Azure Database.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
            If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
            If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER UseDynamicStringLength
            By default, all string columns will be NVARCHAR(MAX).
            If this switch is enabled, all columns will get the length specified by the column's MaxLength property (if specified)
 
        .NOTES
            Tags: DataTable, Insert
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Write-DbaDataTable
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable
            Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Table mydb.dbo.customers
 
            Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv into database mydb, schema dbo, table customers. A progress bar will be shown as rows are inserted. If the destination table does not exist, the import will be halted.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable
            $DataTable | Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -Table mydb.dbo.customers
 
            Performs a row by row insert of the data in customers.csv. This is significantly slower than a bulk insert and will not show a progress bar.
 
            This method is not recommended. Use -InputObject instead.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable
            Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Table mydb.dbo.customers -AutoCreateTable
 
            Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv. If mydb.dbo.customers does not exist, it will be created with inefficient but forgiving DataTypes.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable
            Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Table mydb.dbo.customers -Truncate
 
            Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv. Prior to importing into mydb.dbo.customers, the user is informed that the table will be truncated and asks for confirmation. The user is prompted again to perform the import.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable
            Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Database mydb -Table customers -KeepNulls
 
            Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv into mydb.dbo.customers. Because Schema was not specified, dbo was used. NULL values in the destination table will be preserved.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString "P@ssw0rd" -AsPlainText -Force
            $AzureCredential = Mew-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("AzureAccount"),$passwd)
            $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable
            Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance AzureDB.database.windows.net -InputObject $DataTable -Database mydb -Table customers -KeepNulls -Credential $AzureCredential -RegularUser -BulkCopyTimeOut 300
 
            This performs the same operation as the previous example, but against a SQL Azure Database instance using the required credentials. The -RegularUser switch is needed to prevent trying to get administrative privilege, and we increase the BulkCopyTimeout value to cope with any latency.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $process = Get-Process | Out-DbaDataTable
            Write-DbaDataTable -InputObject $process -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database mydb -Table myprocesses -AutoCreateTable
 
            Creates a table based on the Process object with over 60 columns, converted from PowerShell data types to SQL Server data types. After the table is created a bulk insert is performed to add process information into the table.
 
            This is an example of the type conversion in action. All process properties are converted, including special types like TimeSpan. Script properties are resolved before the type conversion starts thanks to Out-DbaDataTable.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Position = 1)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Position = 2)]
        [object]$Database,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("DataTable")]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [object]$InputObject,
        [Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Table,
        [Parameter(Position = 4)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Schema = 'dbo',
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [int]$BatchSize = 50000,
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [int]$NotifyAfter = 5000,
        [switch]$AutoCreateTable,
        [switch]$NoTableLock,
        [switch]$CheckConstraints,
        [switch]$FireTriggers,
        [switch]$KeepIdentity,
        [switch]$KeepNulls,
        [switch]$Truncate,
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [int]$bulkCopyTimeOut = 5000,
        [switch]$RegularUser,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [switch]$UseDynamicStringLength
    )
    
    begin {
        #region Utility Functions
        function Invoke-BulkCopy {
        <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Copies a datatable in bulk over to a table.
             
            .DESCRIPTION
                Copies a datatable in bulk over to a table.
             
            .PARAMETER DataTable
                The datatable to copy.
             
            .PARAMETER SqlInstance
                Needs not be specified. The SqlInstance targeted. For message purposes only.
             
            .PARAMETER Fqtn
                Needs not be specified. The fqtn written to. For message purposes only.
             
            .PARAMETER BulkCopy
                Needs not be specified. The bulk copy object used to perform the copy operation.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                $DataTable,
                [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance = $SqlInstance,
                [string]$Fqtn = $fqtn,
                $BulkCopy = $bulkCopy
            )
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing in bulk to $fqtn"
            
            $rowCount = $DataTable.Rows.Count
            if ($rowCount -eq 0) {
                $rowCount = 1
            }
            
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Writing $rowCount rows to $Fqtn")) {
                $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($DataTable)
                if ($rowCount -is [int]) {
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $rowCount rows" -status "Complete" -Completed
                }
            }
        }
        
        function New-Table {
        <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Creates a table, based upon a DataTable.
             
            .DESCRIPTION
                Creates a table, based upon a DataTable.
             
            .PARAMETER DataTable
                The DataTable to base the table structure upon.
             
            .PARAMETER PStoSQLTypes
                Automatically inherits from parent.
             
            .PARAMETER SqlInstance
                Automatically inherits from parent.
             
            .PARAMETER Fqtn
                Automatically inherits from parent.
             
            .PARAMETER Server
                Automatically inherits from parent.
             
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
                Automatically inherits from parent.
             
            .PARAMETER EnableException
                By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
                This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
                Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
            .PARAMETER UseDynamicStringLength
                Automatically inherits from parent.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                $DataTable,
                $PStoSQLTypes = $PStoSQLTypes,
                $SqlInstance = $SqlInstance,
                $Fqtn = $fqtn,
                $Server = $server,
                $DatabaseName = $databaseName,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )
            
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating table for $fqtn"
            
            # Get SQL datatypes by best guess on first data row
            $sqlDataTypes = @();
            $columns = $DataTable.Columns
            
            if ($null -eq $columns) {
                $columns = $DataTable.Table.Columns
            }
            
            foreach ($column in $columns) {
                $sqlColumnName = $column.ColumnName
                
                try {
                    $columnValue = $DataTable.Rows[0].$sqlColumnName
                }
                catch {
                    $columnValue = $DataTable.$sqlColumnName
                }
                
                if ($null -eq $columnValue) {
                    $columnValue = $DataTable.$sqlColumnName
                }
                
            <#
                PS to SQL type conversion
                If data type exists in hash table, use the corresponding SQL type
                Else, fallback to nvarchar.
                If UseDynamicStringLength is specified, the DataColumn MaxLength is used if specified
            #>
                if ($PStoSQLTypes.Keys -contains $column.DataType) {
                    $sqlDataType = $PStoSQLTypes[$($column.DataType.toString())]
                    if($UseDynamicStringLength -and $column.MaxLength -gt 0 -and ($column.DataType -in ("String", "System.String"))) {
                        $sqlDataType = $sqlDataType.Replace("(MAX)", "($($column.MaxLength))")
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $sqlDataType = "nvarchar(MAX)"
                }
                
                $sqlDataTypes += "[$sqlColumnName] $sqlDataType"
            }
            
            $sql = "BEGIN CREATE TABLE $fqtn ($($sqlDataTypes -join ' NULL,')) END"
            
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating table $Fqtn")) {
                try {
                    $null = $Server.Databases[$DatabaseName].Query($sql)
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The following query failed: $sql" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }
        
        #endregion Utility Functions
        
        #region Prepare type for bulk copy
        if (-not $Truncate) { $ConfirmPreference = "None" }

        # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension.
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete

        $source = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient {
            using Reflection;
 
            public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension
            {
                const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied";
                static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null;
 
                public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy)
                {
                    if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance);
                    return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy);
                }
            }
        }'

        Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies 'System.Data.dll' -TypeDefinition $source -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        #endregion Prepare type for bulk copy
        
        #region Resolve Full Qualified Table Name
        $dotCount = ([regex]::Matches($Table, "\.")).count

        if ($dotCount -lt 2 -and $null -eq $Database) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a database or fully qualified table name."
            return
        }
        
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Database) {
            $databaseName = "$Database"
        }
        
        $tableName = $Table
        $schemaName = $Schema

        if ($dotCount -eq 1) {
            $schemaName = $Table.Split(".")[0]
            $tableName = $Table.Split(".")[1]
        }

        if ($dotCount -eq 2) {
            $databaseName = $Table.Split(".")[0]
            $schemaName = $Table.Split(".")[1]
            $tableName = $Table.Split(".")[2]
        }

        if ($databaseName -match "\[.*\]") {
            $databaseName = ($databaseName -replace '\[', '') -replace '\]', ''
        }

        if ($schemaName -match "\[.*\]") {
            $schemaName = ($schemaName -replace '\[', '') -replace '\]', ''
        }

        if ($tableName -match "\[.*\]") {
            $tableName = ($tableName -replace '\[', '') -replace '\]', ''
        }
        
        $fqtn = "[$databaseName].[$schemaName].[$tableName]"
        Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "FQTN processed: $fqtn"
        #endregion Resolve Full Qualified Table Name

        #region Connect to server and get database
        Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance." -Level Verbose -Target $SqlInstance
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -RegularUser:$RegularUser
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        if ($server.ServerType -eq 'SqlAzureDatabase') {
            <#
                For some reasons SMO wants an initial pull when talking to Azure Sql DB
                This will throw and be caught, and then we can continue as normal.
            #>
            try {
                $null = $server.Databases
            }
            catch {
                #do nothing
            }
        }
        $databaseObject = $server.Databases[$databaseName]
        #endregion Connect to server and get database

        #region Prepare database and bulk operations
        if ($null -eq $databaseObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$databaseName does not exist." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
        
        $databaseObject.Tables.Refresh()
        if ($schemaName -notin $databaseObject.Schemas.Name) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Schema does not exist."
            return
        }
        
        $tableExists = ($tableName -in $databaseObject.Tables.Name) -and ($databaseObject.Tables.Schema -eq $schemaName)
        
        if ((-not $tableExists) -and (-not $AutoCreateTable)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Table does not exist and automatic creation of the table has not been selected. Specify the '-AutoCreateTable'-parameter to generate a suitable table."
            return
        }
        
        $bulkCopyOptions = 0
        $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default"

        foreach ($option in $options) {
            $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($option -eq "TableLock" -and (!$NoTableLock)) {
                $optionValue = $true
            }
            if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                $bulkCopyOptions += $([Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyOptions]::$option).value__
            }
        }

        if ($Truncate -eq $true) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Truncating $fqtn")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Truncating $fqtn."
                    $null = $server.Databases[$databaseName].Query("TRUNCATE TABLE $fqtn")
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Could not truncate $fqtn. Table may not exist or may have key constraints." -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        $bulkCopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy("$($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString);Database=$databaseName", $bulkCopyOptions)
        $bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = $fqtn
        $bulkCopy.BatchSize = $BatchSize
        $bulkCopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter
        $bulkCopy.BulkCopyTimeOut = $BulkCopyTimeOut

        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        # Add RowCount output
        $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowsCopied( {
                $script:totalRows = $args[1].RowsCopied
                $percent = [int](($script:totalRows / $rowCount) * 100)
                $timeTaken = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 1)
                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $rowCount rows." -PercentComplete $percent -Status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} rows ({1}%) in {2} seconds", $script:totalRows, $percent, $timeTaken))
            })

        $PStoSQLTypes = @{
            #PS datatype = SQL data type
            'System.Int32'    = 'int';
            'System.UInt32'   = 'bigint';
            'System.Int16'    = 'smallint';
            'System.UInt16'   = 'int';
            'System.Int64'    = 'bigint';
            'System.UInt64'   = 'decimal(20,0)';
            'System.Decimal'  = 'decimal(20,5)';
            'System.Single'   = 'bigint';
            'System.Double'   = 'float';
            'System.Byte'     = 'tinyint';
            'System.SByte'    = 'smallint';
            'System.TimeSpan' = 'nvarchar(30)';
            'System.String'   = 'nvarchar(MAX)';
            'System.Char'     = 'nvarchar(1)'
            'System.DateTime' = 'datetime2';
            'System.Boolean'  = 'bit';
            'System.Guid'     = 'uniqueidentifier';
            'Int32'           = 'int';
            'UInt32'          = 'bigint';
            'Int16'           = 'smallint';
            'UInt16'          = 'int';
            'Int64'           = 'bigint';
            'UInt64'          = 'decimal(20,0)';
            'Decimal'         = 'decimal(20,5)';
            'Single'          = 'bigint';
            'Double'          = 'float';
            'Byte'            = 'tinyint';
            'SByte'           = 'smallint';
            'TimeSpan'        = 'nvarchar(30)';
            'String'          = 'nvarchar(MAX)';
            'Char'            = 'nvarchar(1)'
            'DateTime'        = 'datetime2';
            'Boolean'         = 'bit';
            'Bool'            = 'bit';
            'Guid'            = 'uniqueidentifier';
            'int'             = 'int';
            'long'            = 'bigint';
        }
        
        $validTypes = @([System.Data.DataSet], [System.Data.DataTable], [System.Data.DataRow], [System.Data.DataRow[]])
        #endregion Prepare database and bulk operations
        
        #region ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
        try {
            $wrappedCmd = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand('ConvertTo-DbaDataTable', [System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes]::Function)
            $splatCDDT = @{
                TimeSpanType  = (Get-DbaConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.timespantype' -Fallback 'TotalMilliseconds')
                SizeType       = (Get-DbaConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.sizetype' -Fallback 'Int64')
                IgnoreNull     = (Get-DbaConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.ignorenull' -Fallback $false)
                Raw = (Get-DbaConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.raw' -Fallback $false)
            }
            $scriptCmd = { & $wrappedCmd @splatCDDT }
            $steppablePipeline = $scriptCmd.GetSteppablePipeline()
            $steppablePipeline.Begin($true)
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to initialize "
        }
        #endregion ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        if ($null -ne $InputObject) { $inputType = $InputObject.GetType() }
        else { $inputType = $null }
        
        if ($inputType -eq [System.Data.DataSet]) {
            $inputData = $InputObject.Tables
            $inputType = [System.Data.DataTable[]]
        }
        else {
            $inputData = $InputObject
        }
        
        #region Scenario 1: Single valid table
        if ($inputType -in $validTypes) {
            if (-not $tableExists) {
                try {
                    New-Table -DataTable $InputObject -EnableException
                    $tableExists = $true
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create table $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }
            
            try { Invoke-BulkCopy -DataTable $InputObject }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to bulk import to $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
            }
            return
        }
        #endregion Scenario 1: Single valid table
        
        foreach ($object in $inputData) {
            #region Scenario 2: Multiple valid tables
            if ($object.GetType() -in $validTypes) {
                if (-not $tableExists) {
                    try {
                        New-Table -DataTable $object -EnableException
                        $tableExists = $true
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create table $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                        return
                    }
                }
                
                try { Invoke-BulkCopy -DataTable $object }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to bulk import to $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
                }
                continue
            }
            #endregion Scenario 2: Multiple valid tables
            
            #region Scenario 3: Invalid data types
            else {
                $null = $steppablePipeline.Process($object)
                continue
            }
            #endregion Scenario 3: Invalid data types
        }
    }
    end {
        #region ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
        $dataTable = $steppablePipeline.End()
        
        if (-not $tableExists) {
            try {
                New-Table -DataTable $dataTable[0] -EnableException
                $tableExists = $true
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create table $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }
        
        try { Invoke-BulkCopy -DataTable $dataTable[0] }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to bulk import to $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
        }
        #endregion ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
        
        if ($bulkCopy) {
            $bulkCopy.Close()
            $bulkCopy.Dispose()
        }
    }
}
function Connect-AsServer {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Internal function that creates SMO server object.
 
.DESCRIPTION
Internal function that creates SMO server object.
 
.PARAMETER AsServer
Analysis Server
 
.PARAMETER ParameterConnection
Shorten the timeout
 
.NOTES
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
Connect-AsServer -AsServer localhost
Connects to SSAS on the local server
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [object]$AsServer,
        [switch]$ParameterConnection
    )

    if ($AsServer.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.AnalysisServices.Server]) {

        if ($ParameterConnection) {
            $paramserver = New-Object Microsoft.AnalysisServices.Server
            $paramserver.Connect("Data Source=$($AsServer.Name);Connect Timeout=2")
            return $paramserver
        }

        if ($AsServer.Connected -eq $false) { $AsServer.Connect("Data Source=$($AsServer.Name);Connect Timeout=3") }
        return $AsServer
    }

    $server = New-Object Microsoft.AnalysisServices.Server

    try {
        if ($ParameterConnection) {
            $server.Connect("Data Source=$AsServer;Connect Timeout=2")
        }
        else { $server.Connect("Data Source=$AsServer;Connect Timeout=3") }
    }
    catch {
        $message = $_.Exception.InnerException
        $message = $message.ToString()
        $message = ($message -Split '-->')[0]
        $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.SqlClient')[0]
        $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.ProviderBase')[0]
        throw "Can't connect to $asserver`: $message "
    }

    return $server
}
function Connect-SqlInstance {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Internal function to establish smo connections.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Internal function to establish smo connections.
 
            Can interpret any of the following types of information:
            - String
            - Smo Server objects
            - Smo Linked Server objects
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance to restore to.
 
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.
 
        .PARAMETER ParameterConnection
            This call is for dynamic parameters only and is no longer used, actually.
 
        .PARAMETER AzureUnsupported
            Throw if Azure is detected but not supported
     
        .PARAMETER RegularUser
            The connection doesn't require SA privileges.
            By default, the assumption is that SA is no longer required.
 
        .PARAMETER MinimumVersion
           The minimum version that the calling command will support
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance sql2014
 
            Connect to the Server sql2014 with native credentials.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidDefaultValueSwitchParameter", "")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingEmptyCatchBlock", "")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][object]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$ParameterConnection,
        [switch]$RegularUser = $true,
        [int]$MinimumVersion,
        [switch]$AzureUnsupported,
        [switch]$NonPooled
    )

    #region Utility functions
    function Invoke-TEPPCacheUpdate {
        [CmdletBinding()]
        param (
            [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
            $ScriptBlock
        )

        try {
            [ScriptBlock]::Create($scriptBlock).Invoke()
        }
        catch {
            # If the SQL Server version doesn't support the feature, we ignore it and silently continue
            if ($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.GetType().FullName -eq "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.InvalidVersionEnumeratorException") {
                return
            }

            if ($ENV:APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER -or ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::DeveloperMode)) { throw }
            <#
            elseif ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::DevelopmentBranch) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed TEPP Caching: $($s | Select-String '"(.*?)"' | ForEach-Object { $_.Matches[0].Groups[1].Value })" -ErrorRecord $_ -EnableException $false
            }
            #>
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed TEPP Caching: $($scriptBlock.ToString() | Select-String '"(.*?)"' | ForEach-Object { $_.Matches[0].Groups[1].Value })" -ErrorRecord $_ 3>$null
            }
        }
    }
    #endregion Utility functions

    #region Ensure Credential integrity
    <#
    Usually, the parameter type should have been not object but off the PSCredential type.
    When binding null to a PSCredential type parameter on PS3-4, it'd then show a prompt, asking for username and password.
 
    In order to avoid that and having to refactor lots of functions (and to avoid making regular scripts harder to read), we created this workaround.
    #>
    if ($SqlCredential) {
        if ($SqlCredential.GetType() -ne [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]) {
            throw "The credential parameter was of a non-supported type! Only specify PSCredentials such as generated from Get-Credential. Input was of type $($SqlCredential.GetType().FullName)"
        }
    }
    #endregion Ensure Credential integrity

    #region Safely convert input into instance parameters
    <#
    This is a bit ugly, but:
    In some cases functions would directly pass their own input through when the parameter on the calling function was typed as [object[]].
    This would break the base parameter class, as it'd automatically be an array and the parameterclass is not designed to handle arrays (Shouldn't have to).
 
    Note: Multiple servers in one call were never supported, those old functions were liable to break anyway and should be fixed soonest.
    #>
    if ($SqlInstance.GetType() -eq [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter]) {
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$ConvertedSqlInstance = $SqlInstance
        if ($ConvertedSqlInstance.Type -like "SqlConnection") {
            [DbaInstanceParameter]$ConvertedSqlInstance = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server($ConvertedSqlInstance.InputObject)
        }
    }
    else {
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$ConvertedSqlInstance = [DbaInstanceParameter]($SqlInstance | Select-Object -First 1)

        if ($SqlInstance.Count -gt 1) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $true -Message "More than on server was specified when calling Connect-SqlInstance from $((Get-PSCallStack)[1].Command)"
        }
    }
    #endregion Safely convert input into instance parameters

    #region Input Object was a server object
    if ($ConvertedSqlInstance.InputObject.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
        $server = $ConvertedSqlInstance.InputObject
        if ($server.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
            if ($NonPooled) {
                $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
            }
            else {
                $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.Open()
            }

        }

        # Register the connected instance, so that the TEPP updater knows it's been connected to and starts building the cache
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::SetInstance($ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower(), $server.ConnectionContext.Copy(), ($server.ConnectionContext.FixedServerRoles -match "SysAdmin"))

        # Update cache for instance names
        if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::Cache["sqlinstance"] -notcontains $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower()) {
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::Cache["sqlinstance"] += $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower()
        }

        # Update lots of registered stuff
        if (-not [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppSyncDisabled) {
            $FullSmoName = $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower()
            foreach ($scriptBlock in ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppGatherScriptsFast)) {
                Invoke-TEPPCacheUpdate -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
            }
        }
        return $server
    }
    #endregion Input Object was a server object

    #region Input Object was anything else
    # This seems a little complex but is required because some connections do TCP,SqlInstance
    $loadedSmoVersion = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.FullName -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }

    if ($loadedSmoVersion) {
        $loadedSmoVersion = $loadedSmoVersion | ForEach-Object {
            if ($_.Location -match "__") {
                ((Split-Path (Split-Path $_.Location) -Leaf) -split "__")[0]
            }
            else {
                ((Get-ChildItem -Path $_.Location).VersionInfo.ProductVersion)
            }
        }
    }

    $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName
    $server.ConnectionContext.ApplicationName = "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io"
    if ($ConvertedSqlInstance.IsConnectionString) { $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = $ConvertedSqlInstance.InputObject }

    try {
        $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectTimeout = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::SqlConnectionTimeout

        if ($null -ne $SqlCredential.Username) {
            $username = ($SqlCredential.Username).TrimStart("\")

            if ($username -like "*\*") {
                $username = $username.Split("\")[1]
                $authtype = "Windows Authentication with Credential"
                $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $true
                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUser = $true
                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserName = $username
                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserPassword = ($SqlCredential).GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            else {
                $authtype = "SQL Authentication"
                $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $false
                $server.ConnectionContext.set_Login($username)
                $server.ConnectionContext.set_SecurePassword($SqlCredential.Password)
            }
        }
    }
    catch { }

    try {
        if ($NonPooled) {
            $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
        }
        else {
            $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.Open()
        }
    }
    catch {
        $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException
        if ($message) {
            $message = $message.ToString()
            $message = ($message -Split '-->')[0]
            $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.SqlClient')[0]
            $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.ProviderBase')[0]

            if ($message -match "network path was not found") {
                $message = "Can't connect to $sqlinstance`: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections."
            }

            throw "Can't connect to $ConvertedSqlInstance`: $message "
        }
        else {
            throw $_
        }
    }

    if ($MinimumVersion -and $server.VersionMajor) {
        if ($server.versionMajor -lt $MinimumVersion) {
            throw "SQL Server version $MinimumVersion required - $server not supported."
        }
    }
    
    
    if ($AzureUnsupported -and $server.DatabaseEngineType -eq "SqlAzureDatabase") {
        throw "SQL Azure DB not supported :("
    }
    
    if (-not $RegularUser) {
        if ($server.ConnectionContext.FixedServerRoles -notmatch "SysAdmin") {
            throw "Not a sysadmin on $ConvertedSqlInstance. Quitting."
        }
    }

    if ($loadedSmoVersion -ge 11) {
        try {
            if ($Server.ServerType -ne 'SqlAzureDatabase') {
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Trigger], 'IsSystemObject')
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Schema], 'IsSystemObject')
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlAssembly], 'IsSystemObject')
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Table], 'IsSystemObject')
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.View], 'IsSystemObject')
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.StoredProcedure], 'IsSystemObject')
                $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserDefinedFunction], 'IsSystemObject')

                if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                    # 2000
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], 'ReplicationOptions', 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'PrimaryFilePath', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'Status', 'Version')
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], 'CreateDate', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'Name', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType')
                }
                elseif ($server.VersionMajor -eq 9 -or $server.VersionMajor -eq 10) {
                    # 2005 and 2008
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], 'ReplicationOptions', 'BrokerEnabled', 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsMirroringEnabled', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'PrimaryFilePath', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'Status', 'Trustworthy', 'Version')
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], 'AsymmetricKey', 'Certificate', 'CreateDate', 'Credential', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'ID', 'IsDisabled', 'IsLocked', 'IsPasswordExpired', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'MustChangePassword', 'Name', 'PasswordExpirationEnabled', 'PasswordPolicyEnforced', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType')
                }
                else {
                    # 2012 and above
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], 'ReplicationOptions', 'ActiveConnections', 'AvailabilityDatabaseSynchronizationState', 'AvailabilityGroupName', 'BrokerEnabled', 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'ContainmentType', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsMirroringEnabled', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'PrimaryFilePath', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'Status', 'Trustworthy', 'Version')
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], 'AsymmetricKey', 'Certificate', 'CreateDate', 'Credential', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'ID', 'IsDisabled', 'IsLocked', 'IsPasswordExpired', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'MustChangePassword', 'Name', 'PasswordExpirationEnabled', 'PasswordHashAlgorithm', 'PasswordPolicyEnforced', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType')
                }
            }
        }
        catch {
            # perhaps a DLL issue, continue going
        }
    }

    # Register the connected instance, so that the TEPP updater knows it's been connected to and starts building the cache
    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::SetInstance($ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower(), $server.ConnectionContext.Copy(), ($server.ConnectionContext.FixedServerRoles -match "SysAdmin"))

    # Update cache for instance names
    if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::Cache["sqlinstance"] -notcontains $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower()) {
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::Cache["sqlinstance"] += $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower()
    }

    # Update lots of registered stuff
    if (-not [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppSyncDisabled) {
        $FullSmoName = $ConvertedSqlInstance.FullSmoName.ToLower()
        foreach ($scriptBlock in ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppGatherScriptsFast)) {
            Invoke-TEPPCacheUpdate -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
        }
    }

    return $server
    #endregion Input Object was anything else
}
function Convert-ByteToHexString {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Converts byte object into hex string
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Converts byte object ([byte[]]@(1,100,23,54)) into the hex string (e.g. '0x01641736')
    Used when working with SMO logins and their byte parameters: sids and hashed passwords
 
    .PARAMETER InputObject
    Input byte[] object (e.g. [byte[]]@(18,52))
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Login, Internal
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Convert-ByteToHexString ([byte[]]@(1,100,23,54))
 
    Returns hex string '0x01641736'
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Convert-ByteToHexString 18,52
 
    Returns hex string '0x1234'
#>
    param ([byte[]]$InputObject)
    $outString = "0x"
    $InputObject | ForEach-Object { $outString += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
    $outString
}
function Convert-DbVersionToSqlVersion {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Internal function that makes db versions human readable
 
.DESCRIPTION
Internal function that makes db versions human readable
 
.PARAMETER dbversion
Analysis Server
 
.EXAMPLE
Convert-DbVersionToSqlVersion -dbversion 856
 
Returns "SQL Server vNext CTP1"
 
#>
    param (
        [string]$dbversion
    )

    $dbversion = switch ($dbversion) {
        856 { "SQL Server vNext CTP1" }
        852 { "SQL Server 2016" }
        829 { "SQL Server 2016 Prerelease" }
        782 { "SQL Server 2014" }
        706 { "SQL Server 2012" }
        684 { "SQL Server 2012 CTP1" }
        661 { "SQL Server 2008 R2" }
        660 { "SQL Server 2008 R2" }
        655 { "SQL Server 2008 SP2+" }
        612 { "SQL Server 2005" }
        611 { "SQL Server 2005" }
        539 { "SQL Server 2000" }
        515 { "SQL Server 7.0" }
        408 { "SQL Server 6.5" }
        default { $dbversion }
    }

    return $dbversion
}
function Convert-HexStringToByte {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Converts hex string into byte object
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Converts hex string (e.g. '0x01641736') into the byte object ([byte[]]@(1,100,23,54))
    Used when working with SMO logins and their byte parameters: sids and hashed passwords
 
    .PARAMETER InputObject
    Input hex string (e.g. '0x1234' or 'DBA2FF')
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Login, Internal
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Convert-HexStringToByte '0x01641736'
 
    Returns byte[] object [byte[]]@(1,100,23,54)
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Convert-HexStringToByte '1234'
 
    Returns byte[] object [byte[]]@(18,52)
#>
    param (
        [string]$InputObject
    )
    $hexString = $InputObject.TrimStart("0x")
    if ($hexString.Length % 2 -eq 1) { $hexString = '0' + $hexString }
    [byte[]]$outByte = $null; $outByte += 0 .. (($hexString.Length) / 2 - 1) | ForEach-Object { [Int16]::Parse($hexString.Substring($_ * 2, 2), 'HexNumber') }
    Return $outByte
}
function Get-BackupAncientHistory {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Returns details of the last full backup of a SQL Server 2000 database
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Backup History command to pull limited history from a SQL 2000 instance. If not using SQL 2000, please use Get-DbaBackupHistory which pulls more infomation, and has more options. This is just here to cope with 2k and copy-DbaDatabase issues
 
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.
 
        .PARAMETER Database
            Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
        .NOTES
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
 
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [string]$FileNameStub,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    BEGIN {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance." -Target $SqlInstance
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $SqlInstance." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
        if ($server.SoftwareVersionMajor -gt 8) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This is not the function you're looking for. This is for SQL 2000 only, please use Get-DbaBackupHistory instead. It's much nicer"
        }

        $databases = @()
        if ($null -ne $Database) {
            ForEach ($db in $Database) {
                $databases += [PScustomObject]@{name = $db}
            }
        }
        else {
            $databases = $server.Databases
        }
    }

    PROCESS {
        foreach ($db in $Database) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing database $db"
            $sql = "
            SELECT
            a.Server,
             a.[Database],
             a.Username,
             a.Start,
             a.[End],
             a.Duration,
             a.[Path],
             a.Type,
            NULL as TotalSize,
             a.MediaSetId,
             a.BackupSetID,
             a.Software,
              a.position,
              a.first_lsn,
              a.database_backup_lsn,
              a.checkpoint_lsn,
              a.last_lsn,
             a.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
              a.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
              a.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
              a.last_lsn as 'Lastlsn',
              a.software_major_version,
             a.DeviceType,
                NULL as is_copy_only,
            NULL as last_recovery_fork_guid
            FROM (
            SELECT
              backupset.database_name AS [Database],
              backupset.user_name AS Username,
              backupset.backup_start_date AS Start,
              backupset.server_name as [Server],
              backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
              DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
              mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
              CASE backupset.type
             WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
             WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
             WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
             WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
             WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
             WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
             WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
             ELSE NULL
              END AS Type,
              backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
              mediafamily.media_family_id as mediafamilyid,
              backupset.backup_set_id as BackupSetID,
              CASE mediafamily.device_type
             WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
             WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
             WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
             WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
             WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
             WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
             WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
             ELSE 'Unknown'
             END AS DeviceType,
              backupset.position,
              backupset.first_lsn,
              backupset.database_backup_lsn,
              backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
              backupset.last_lsn,
              backupset.software_major_version,
              mediaset.software_name AS Software
            FROM msdb..backupmediafamily AS mediafamily
            JOIN msdb..backupmediaset AS mediaset
              ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
            JOIN msdb..backupset AS backupset
              ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
            WHERE backupset.database_name = '$db'
                    ) AS a
            where a.backupsetid in (Select max(backup_set_id) from msdb..backupset where database_name='$db')"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty BackupSetRank, RowError, Rowstate, table, itemarray, haserrors
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as grouped output."
            $GroupedResults = $results | Group-Object -Property backupsetid
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($GroupedResults.Count) result-groups found."
            $groupResults = @()
            foreach ($group in $GroupedResults) {

                $fileSql = "select file_type as FileType, logical_name as LogicalName, physical_name as PhysicalName
                            from msdb.dbo.backupfile where backup_set_id='$($Group.group[0].BackupSetID)'"

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "FileSQL: $fileSql"

                $historyObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory
                $historyObject.ComputerName = $server.NetName
                $historyObject.InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                $historyObject.SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                $historyObject.Database = $group.Group[0].Database
                $historyObject.UserName = $group.Group[0].UserName
                $historyObject.Start = ($group.Group.Start | Measure-Object -Minimum).Minimum
                $historyObject.End = ($group.Group.End | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                $historyObject.Duration = New-TimeSpan -Seconds ($group.Group.Duration | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                $historyObject.Path = $group.Group.Path
                $historyObject.TotalSize = $NULL
                $historyObject.Type = $group.Group[0].Type
                $historyObject.BackupSetId = $group.Group[0].BackupSetId
                $historyObject.DeviceType = $group.Group[0].DeviceType
                $historyObject.Software = $group.Group[0].Software
                $historyObject.FullName = $group.Group.Path
                $historyObject.FileList = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($fileSql).Tables.Rows
                $historyObject.Position = $group.Group[0].Position
                $historyObject.FirstLsn = $group.Group[0].First_LSN
                $historyObject.DatabaseBackupLsn = $group.Group[0].database_backup_lsn
                $historyObject.CheckpointLsn = $group.Group[0].checkpoint_lsn
                $historyObject.LastLsn = $group.Group[0].Last_Lsn
                $historyObject.SoftwareVersionMajor = $group.Group[0].Software_Major_Version
                $historyObject.IsCopyOnly = if ($group.Group[0].is_copy_only -eq 1) {
                    $true
                }
                else {
                    $false
                }
                $groupResults += $historyObject
            }
            $groupResults | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type
        }

    }

    END {}
}
function Get-CodePage {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Converts Microsoft's code page ID to human readable format
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Converts Microsoft's code page ID to human readable format
 
        .PARAMETER Id
            The code page ID
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-CodePage 1252
 
            Returns a pscustomobject with id, alias and name
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [int]$id
    )
    process {
        $encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding($id)
        $IncludeProps = 'CodePage', 'BodyName', 'EncodingName', 'HeaderName', 'WebName', 'IsSingleByte'
        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $encoding -Property $IncludeProps
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaADObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Get-DbaADObject tries to facilitate searching AD with dbatools, which ATM can't require AD cmdlets.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    As working with multiple domains, forests, ldap filters, partitions, etc is quite hard to grasp, let's try to do "the right thing" here and
    facilitate everybody's work with it. It either returns the exact matched result or None if it isn't found. You can inspect the raw object
    calling GetUnderlyingObject() on the returned object.
 
    .PARAMETER ADObject
    Pass in both the domain and the login name in Domain\sAMAccountName format (the one everybody is accustomed to)
    You can also pass a UserPrincipalName format (with the correct IdentityType, either with Domain\UserPrincipalName or UserPrincipalName@Domain)
    Beware: the "Domain" part of the UPN *can* be different from the real domain, see "UPN suffixes" (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa380525(v=vs.85).aspx)
    It's always best to pass the real domain name in (see the examples)
    For any other format, please beware that the domain part must always be specified (again, for the best result, before the slash)
 
    .PARAMETER Type
    You *should* always know what you are asking for. Please pass in Computer,Group or User to help speeding up the search
 
    .PARAMETER IdentityType
    By default objects are searched using sAMAccountName format, here you can pass different representation that need to match the passed in ADObject
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
    Use this credential to connect to the domain and search for the needed ADObject. If not passed, uses the current process' one.
 
    .PARAMETER SearchAllDomains
    Search for the object in all domains connected to the current one. If you are unsure what domain the object is coming from,
    using this switch will search through all domains in your forest and also in the ones that are trusted. This is HEAVY, but it can save
    some headaches.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Niphlod, https://github.com/niphlod
    Tags:
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "contoso\ctrlb" -Type User
 
    Searches in the contoso domain for a ctrlb user
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "ctrlb@contoso.com" -Type User -IdentityType UserPrincipalName
 
    Searches in the contoso domain for a ctrlb user using the UserPrincipalName format. Again, beware of the UPN suffixes in elaborate AD structures!
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "contoso\ctrlb@super.contoso.com" -Type User -IdentityType UserPrincipalName
 
    Searches in the contoso domain for a ctrlb@super.contoso.com user using the UserPrincipalName format. This kind of search is better than the previous one
    because it takes into account possible UPN suffixes
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "ctrlb@super.contoso.com" -Type User -IdentityType UserPrincipalName -SearchAllDomains
 
    As a last resort, searches in all the current forest for a ctrlb@super.contoso.com user using the UserPrincipalName format
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "contoso\sqlcollaborative" -Type Group
 
    Searches in the contoso domain for a sqlcollaborative group
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "contoso\SqlInstance2014$" -Type Group
 
    Searches in the contoso domain for a SqlInstance2014 computer (remember the ending $ for computer objects)
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaADObject -ADObject "contoso\ctrlb" -Type User -EnableException
 
    Searches in the contoso domain for a ctrlb user, suppressing all error messages and throw exceptions that can be caught instead
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$ADObject,
        [ValidateSet("User", "Group", "Computer")]
        [string]$Type,

        [ValidateSet("DistinguishedName", "Guid", "Name", "SamAccountName", "Sid", "UserPrincipalName")]
        [string]$IdentityType = "SamAccountName",

        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$SearchAllDomains,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to load the required module $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
        switch ($Type) {
            "User" {
                $searchClass = [System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.UserPrincipal]
            }
            "Group" {
                $searchClass = [System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.GroupPrincipal]
            }
            "Computer" {
                $searchClass = [System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.ComputerPrincipal]
            }
            default {
                $searchClass = [System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.Principal]
            }
        }

        function Get-DbaADObjectInternal($Domain, $IdentityType, $obj, $EnableException) {
            try {
                # can we simply resolve the passed domain ? This has the benefit of raising almost instantly if the domain is not valid
                $Context = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DirectoryContext('Domain', $Domain)
                $null = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetDomain($Context)
                if ($Credential) {
                    $ctx = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.PrincipalContext('Domain', $Domain, $Credential.UserName, $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password)
                }
                else {
                    $ctx = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.PrincipalContext('Domain', $Domain)
                }
                $found = $searchClass::FindByIdentity($ctx, $IdentityType, $obj)
                $found
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Errors trying to connect to the domain $Domain $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ADObj
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($ADObj in $ADObject) {
            # passing the domain as the first part before the \ wins always in defining the domain to search into
            $Splitted = $ADObj.Split("\")
            if ($Splitted.Length -ne 2) {
                # we can also take the object@domain format
                $Splitted = $ADObj.Split("@")
                if ($Splitted.Length -ne 2) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "You need to pass ADObject either DOMAIN\object or object@domain format" -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
                }
                else {
                    if ($IdentityType -ne 'UserPrincipalName') {
                        $obj, $Domain = $Splitted
                    }
                    else {
                        # if searching for a UserPrincipalName format without a specific domain passed in before the slash,
                        # we can assume there are no custom UPN suffixes in place
                        $obj, $Domain = $AdObj, $Splitted[1]
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                $Domain, $obj = $Splitted
            }
            if ($SearchAllDomains) {
                Write-Message -Message "Searching for $obj under all domains in $IdentityType format" -Level 4 -EnableException $EnableException
                # if we're lucky, we can resolve the domain right away
                try {
                    Get-DbaADObjectInternal -Domain $Domain -IdentityType $IdentityType -obj $obj -EnableException $true
                }
                catch {
                    # if not, let's build up all domains
                    $ForestObject = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()
                    $AllDomains = $ForestObject.Domains.Name
                    foreach ($ForestDomain in $AllDomains) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Searching for $obj under domain $ForestDomain in $IdentityType format" -Level 4 -EnableException $EnableException
                        $found = Get-DbaADObjectInternal -Domain $ForestDomain -IdentityType $IdentityType -obj $obj
                        if ($found) {
                            $found
                            break
                        }
                    }
                    # we are very unlucky, let's search also in all trusted domains
                    $AllTrusted = ($ForestObject.GetAllTrustRelationships().TopLevelNames | Where-Object Status -eq 'Enabled').Name
                    foreach ($ForestDomain in $AllTrusted) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Searching for $obj under domain $ForestDomain in $IdentityType format" -Level 4 -EnableException $EnableException
                        $found = Get-DbaADObjectInternal -Domain $ForestDomain -IdentityType $IdentityType -obj $obj
                        if ($found) {
                            $found
                            break
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Message "Searching for $obj under domain $domain in $IdentityType format" -Level 4 -EnableException $EnableException
                Get-DbaADObjectInternal -Domain $Domain -IdentityType $IdentityType -obj $obj
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DbaDbPhysicalFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets raw information about physical files linked to databases
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Fastest way to fetch just the paths of the physical files for every database on the instance, also for offline databases.
    Incidentally, it also fetches the paths for MMO and FS filegroups.
    This is partly already in Get-DbaDatabaseFile, but this internal needs to stay lean and fast, as it's heavily used in top-level functions
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-DbaDbPhysicalFile -SqlInstance server1\instance2
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Simone Bizzotto
 
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential
    )
    try {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
        $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
        return
    }
    if ($Server.versionMajor -le 8) {
        $sql = "SELECT DB_NAME(db_id) AS Name, filename AS PhysicalName FROM sysaltfiles"
    }
    else {
        $sql = "SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS Name, physical_name AS PhysicalName FROM sys.master_files"
    }
    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$sql"
    try {
        $Server.Query($sql)
    }
 catch {
        throw "Error enumerating files"
    }
}
function Get-DbaFileStreamFolder {
    <#
 
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns basic information about Filestream folders from a Sql Instance
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Given a SQL Instance, and an optional list of databases returns the FileStream containing folders on that Instance. Without the Database parameter, all dbs with FileStream are returned
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The Sql Server instance to be queries
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A Sql Credential to connect to $SqlInstance
 
    .PARAMETER Database
        Database to be tested, multiple databases may be specified as a comma seperated list.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaFileStreamFolder -SqlInstance server1\instance2
 
        Returns all FileStream folders from server1\instance2
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaFileStreamFolder -SqlInstance server1\instance2 -Database Archive
 
        Returns any FileStream folders from the Archive database on server1\instance2
 
    .NOTES
    Author:Stuart Moore (@napalmgram stuart-moore.com )
 
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance." -Target $SqlInstance
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $SqlInstance." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }

    PROCESS {
        $sql = "select d.name as 'dbname', mf.Physical_Name from sys.master_files mf inner join sys.databases d on mf.database_id = d.database_id
        where mf.type=2"
        $databases = @()
        if ($null -ne $Database) {
            ForEach ($db in $Database) {
                $databases += "'$db'"
            }
            $sql = $sql + " and d.name in ( $($databases -join ',') )"
        }

        $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty  RowError, Rowstate, table, itemarray, haserrors
        foreach ($result in $results) {
            [PsCustomObject]@{
                ServerInstance   = $SqlInstance
                Database         = $result.dbname
                FileStreamFolder = $result.Physical_Name
            }
        }


    }

    END {}
}
function Get-DbaRunspace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns registered runspaces.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns a list of runspaces that have been registered with dbatools
 
    .PARAMETER Name
        Default: "*"
        Only registered runspaces of similar names are returned.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRunspace
 
        Returns all registered runspaces
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRunspace -Name 'mymodule.maintenance'
 
        Returns the runspace registered under the name 'mymodule.maintenance'
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string]
        $Name = "*"
    )

    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces.Values | Where-Object Name -Like $Name
}
function Get-DbaService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Uses WMI/CIM to scan for the existance of a specific windows services.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses WMI/CIM to scan for the existance of a specific windows services.
 
        Use Get-DbaSqlService if you are interested in scanning for sql server services exclusively.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to target. Uses localhost by default.
 
    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the service to search for.
 
    .PARAMETER DisplayName
        The display-name of the service to search for.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credentials to use when connecting to the computer.
 
    .PARAMETER DoNotUse
        Connection Protocols that should not be used when retrieving the information.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaService -Name LanmanServer
 
        Returns information on the LanmanServer service from localhost.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-ADComputer -Filter * | Get-DbaService -Name Browser
 
        First retrieves all computer accounts from active directory, then scans all of those computers for the browser service.
        Note: THis may take seriously long time, you may also want to filter out computers that are offline before scanning for services.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaService -ComputerName "server1","server2","server3" -Name Lanman%
 
        Scans the servers server1, server2 and server3 for all services whose name starts with 'lanman'
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]
        $Name,

        [string[]]
        $DisplayName,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType[]]
        $DoNotUse,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        if (-not (Test-Bound "Name") -and -not (Test-Bound "DisplayName")) {
            $Name = "%"
        }
    }
    process {
        :main foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing queries to $($computer.ComputerName)" -Target $computer.ComputerName
            foreach ($serviceName in $Name) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching for services with name: $serviceName" -Target $computer.ComputerName
                try {
                    if (Test-Bound "Credential") { Get-DbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Service WHERE Name LIKE '$serviceName'" -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -EnableException -DoNotUse $DoNotUse }
                    else { Get-DbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Service WHERE Name LIKE '$serviceName'" -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -EnableException -DoNotUse $DoNotUse }
                }
                catch {
                    if ($_.CategoryInfo.Category -eq "OpenError") {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access computer $($computer.ComputerName)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer.ComputerName -Continue -ContinueLabel main
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to retrieve service" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer.ComputerName -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            foreach ($serviceDisplayName in $DisplayName) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching for services with display name: $serviceDisplayName" -Target $computer.ComputerName
                try {
                    if (Test-Bound "Credential") { Get-DbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Service WHERE DisplayName LIKE '$serviceDisplayName'" -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -EnableException -DoNotUse $DoNotUse }
                    else { Get-DbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Service WHERE DisplayName LIKE '$serviceDisplayName'" -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -EnableException -DoNotUse $DoNotUse }
                }
                catch {
                    if ($_.CategoryInfo.Category -eq "OpenError") {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access computer $($computer.ComputerName)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer.ComputerName -Continue -ContinueLabel main
                    }
                    else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to retrieve service" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer.ComputerName -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
function Get-DBASQLServiceErrorMessage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Internal function. Returns the list of error code messages for Windows service management.
 
#>
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 1)]
        [int]$ErrorNumber
    )
    $returnCodes = @("The request was accepted.",
        "The request is not supported.",
        "The user did not have the necessary access.",
        "The service cannot be stopped because other services that are running are dependent on it.",
        "The requested control code is not valid, or it is unacceptable to the service.",
        "The requested control code cannot be sent to the service because the state of the service (Win32_BaseService.State property) is equal to 0, 1, or 2.",
        "The service has not been started.",
        "The service did not respond to the start request in a timely fashion.",
        "Unknown failure when starting the service.",
        "The directory path to the service executable file was not found.",
        "The service is already running.",
        "The database to add a new service is locked.",
        "A dependency this service relies on has been removed from the system.",
        "The service failed to find the service needed from a dependent service.",
        "The service has been disabled from the system.",
        "The service does not have the correct authentication to run on the system.",
        "This service is being removed from the system.",
        "The service has no execution thread.",
        "The service has circular dependencies when it starts.",
        "A service is running under the same name.",
        "The service name has invalid characters.",
        "Invalid parameters have been passed to the service.",
        "The account under which this service runs is either invalid or lacks the permissions to run the service.",
        "The service exists in the database of services available from the system.",
        "The service is currently paused in the system.")
    if ($ErrorNumber -in 0..($returnCodes.Length - 1)) { Return $returnCodes[$ErrorNumber] }
    else { Return "Unknown error." }
}
function Get-DirectoryRestoreFile {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Internal Function to get SQL Server backfiles from a specified folder
 
.DESCRIPTION
Takes path, checks for validity. Scans for usual backup file
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$Recurse,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting"
    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking Path"
    if ((Test-Path $Path) -ne $true) {
        Stop-Function -Message "$Path is not reachable"
        return
    }
    #Path needs to end \* to use includes, which is faster than Where-Object
    $PathCheckArray = $path.ToCharArray()
    if ($PathCheckArray[-2] -eq '\' -and $PathCheckArray[-1] -eq '*') {
        #We're good
    }
    elseif ($PathCheckArray[-2] -ne '\' -and $PathCheckArray[-1] -eq '*') {
        $Path = ($PathCheckArray[0..(($PathCheckArray.length) - 2)] -join ('')) + "\*"
    }
    elseif ($PathCheckArray[-2] -eq '\' -and $PathCheckArray[-1] -ne '*') {
        #Append a * to the end
        $Path = "$Path*"
    }
    elseif ($PathCheckArray[-2] -ne '\' -and $PathCheckArray[-1] -ne '*') {
        #Append a \* to the end
        $Path = "$Path\*"
    }
    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scanning $path"
    $Results = Get-ChildItem -path $Path -Recurse:$Recurse | Where-Object {$_.PsIsContainer -eq $false}
    return $Results
}
function Get-JobList {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Helper function to get SQL Agent jobs.
    .DESCRIPTION
        Helper function to get all SQL Agent jobs or provide filter
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server instance
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential to use if SqlInstance did not include it.
    .PARAMETER JobFilter
        Object of jobs to filter on, also supports wildcard patterns
    .PARAMETER StepFilter
        Object of job steps to filter on, also supports wildcard patterns
    .PARAMETER Not
        Reverse results where object returned excludes filtered content.
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance sql2016
 
        Returns the full JobServer.Jobs object found on sql2016
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance sql2016 -JobFilter '*job*'
 
        Returns the Job object for each job name found to have "job" in the name on sql2016
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance sql2016 -JobFilter '*job*' -Not
 
        Returns any Job object that does not have "job" in the name on sql2016
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance YourServer -JobFilter 'JobName'
 
        Returns the Job object where the job name is 'JobName' on sql2016
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance YourServer -JobFilter 'JobName' -Not
 
        Returns any Job object where the job name is not 'JobName' on sql2016
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance YourServer -JobFilter job_3_upload, job_3_download
 
        Returns the Job object for where job is job_3_upload or job_3_download on sql2016
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-JobList -SqlInstance YourServer -JobFilter job_3_upload, job_3_download -Not
 
        Returns any Job object where job is not job_3_upload or job_3_download on sql2016
    .NOTES
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton)
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$JobFilter,
        [string[]]$StepFilter,
        [switch]$Not,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

        $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs
        if ( (Test-Bound 'JobFilter') -or (Test-Bound 'StepFilter') ) {
            if ($JobFilter.Count -gt 1) {
                if ($Not) {
                    $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $JobFilter
                }
                else {
                    $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $JobFilter
                }
            }
            else {
                foreach ($job in $jobs) {
                    if ($JobFilter -match '`*') {
                        if ($Not) {
                            $job | Where-Object Name -NotLike $JobFilter
                        }
                        else {
                            $job | Where-Object Name -Like $JobFilter
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Not) {
                            $job | Where-Object Name -NE $JobFilter
                        }
                        else {
                            $job | Where-Object Name -EQ $JobFilter
                        }
                    }
                    if ($StepFilter -match '`*') {
                        if ($Not) {
                            $stepFound = $job.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -NotLike $StepFilter
                            if ($stepFound.Count -gt 0) {
                                $job
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $stepFound = $job.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -Like $StepFilter
                            if ($stepFound.Count -gt 0) {
                                $job
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    elseif ($StepName.Count -gt 1) {
                        if ($Not) {
                            $stepFound = $job.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -NotIn $StepName
                            if ($stepFound.Count -gt 0) {
                                $job
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $stepFound = $job.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -In $StepName
                            if ($stepFound.Count -gt 0) {
                                $job
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Not) {
                            $stepFound = $job.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -NE $StepName
                            if ($stepFound.Count -gt 0) {
                                $job
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $stepFound = $job.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -EQ $StepName
                            if ($stepFound.Count -gt 0) {
                                $job
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            $jobs
        }
    }
}
function Get-Language {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Converts Microsoft's language ID to human readable format
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Converts Microsoft's language ID to human readable format
 
        .PARAMETER Id
            The language ID
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Get-Language 1033
 
            Returns a pscustomobject with id, alias and name
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [int]$id
    )
    process {

        $culture = [System.Globalization.CultureInfo]::GetCultureInfo($id)

        $excludeProps = 'Parent', 'IetfLanguageTag', 'CompareInfo', 'TextInfo', 'IsNeutralCulture', 'NumberFormat', 'DateTimeFormat', 'Calendar'
        , 'OptionalCalendars', 'UseUserOverride', 'IsReadOnly'
        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $culture -ExcludeProperty $excludeProps
    }
}
function Get-OfflineSqlFileStructure {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Internal function. Returns dictionary object that contains file structures for SQL databases.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 1)]
        [string]$dbname,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 2)]
        [object]$filelist,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, Position = 3)]
        [bool]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

    $destinationfiles = @{ };
    $logfiles = $filelist | Where-Object { $_.Type -eq "L" }
    $datafiles = $filelist | Where-Object { $_.Type -ne "L" }
    $filestream = $filelist | Where-Object { $_.Type -eq "S" }

    if ($filestream) {
        $sql = "select coalesce(SERVERPROPERTY('FilestreamConfiguredLevel'),0) as fs"
        $fscheck = $server.databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
        if ($fscheck.tables.fs -eq 0) { return $false }
    }

    # Data Files
    foreach ($file in $datafiles) {
        # Destination File Structure
        $d = @{ }
        if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure -eq $true) {
            $d.physical = $file.PhysicalName
        }
        else {
            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $server data
            $filename = Split-Path $($file.PhysicalName) -leaf
            $d.physical = "$directory\$filename"
        }

        $d.logical = $file.LogicalName
        $destinationfiles.add($file.LogicalName, $d)
    }

    # Log Files
    foreach ($file in $logfiles) {
        $d = @{ }
        if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
            $d.physical = $file.PhysicalName
        }
        else {
            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $server log
            $filename = Split-Path $($file.PhysicalName) -leaf
            $d.physical = "$directory\$filename"
        }

        $d.logical = $file.LogicalName
        $destinationfiles.add($file.LogicalName, $d)
    }

    return $destinationfiles
}
function Get-PasswordHash {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Generates a password hash for SQL Server login
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Generates a hash string based on the plaintext or securestring password and a SQL Server version. Salt is optional
 
    .PARAMETER Password
    Either plain text or Securestring password
 
    .PARAMETER SqlMajorVersion
    Major version of the SQL Server. Defines the hash algorithm.
 
    .PARAMETER byteSalt
    Optional. Inserts custom salt into the hash instead of randomly generating new salt
 
    .NOTES
    Tags: Login, Internal
    Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)
    dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
    Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-PasswordHash $securePassword 11
 
    Generates password hash for SQL 2012
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-PasswordHash $securePassword 9 $byte
 
    Generates password hash for SQL 2005 using custom salt from the $byte variable
 
#>
    param (
        [object]$Password,
        $SqlMajorVersion,
        [byte[]]$byteSalt
    )
    #Choose hash algorithm
    if ($SqlMajorVersion -lt 11) {
        $algorithm = 'SHA1'
        $hashVersion = '0100'
    }
    else {
        $algorithm = 'SHA512'
        $hashVersion = '0200'
    }

    #Generate salt
    if (!$byteSalt) {
        0 .. 3 | ForEach-Object { $byteSalt += Get-Random -Minimum 0 -Maximum 255 }
    }

    #Convert salt to a hex string
    [string]$stringSalt = ""
    $byteSalt | ForEach-Object { $stringSalt += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }

    #Extract password
    if ($Password.GetType().Name -eq 'SecureString') {
        $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList 'foo', $Password
        $plainPassword = $cred.GetNetworkCredential().Password
    }
    else {
        $plainPassword = $Password
    }
    #Get byte representation of the password string
    $enc = [system.Text.Encoding]::Unicode
    $data = $enc.GetBytes($plainPassword)
    #Run hash algorithm
    $hash = [Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create($algorithm)
    $bytes = $hash.ComputeHash($data + $byteSalt)
    #Construct hex string
    $hashString = "0x$hashVersion$stringSalt"
    $bytes | ForEach-Object { $hashString += ("{0:X2}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
    #Add UPPERCASE hash for SQL 2000 and lower
    if ($SqlMajorVersion -lt 9) {
        $data = $enc.GetBytes($plainPassword.ToUpper())
        $bytes = $hash.ComputeHash($data + $byteSalt)
        $bytes | ForEach-Object { $hashString += ("{0:X2}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
    }
    return $hashString
}
function Get-RestoreContinuableDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets a list of databases from a SQL instance that are in a state for further restores
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Takes a SQL instance and checks for databases with a redo_start_lsn value, and returns the database name and that value
    -gt SQl 2005 it comes from master.sys.master_files
    -eq SQL 2000 DBCC DBINFO
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    try {
        $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -Sqlinstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
        break
    }
    if ($Server.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
        $sql = "select distinct db_name(database_id) as 'Database', redo_start_lsn, redo_start_fork_guid as 'FirstRecoveryForkID' from master.sys.master_files where redo_start_lsn is not NULL"
    }
    else {
        $sql = "
              CREATE TABLE #db_info
                (
                ParentObject NVARCHAR(128) COLLATE database_default ,
                Object NVARCHAR(128) COLLATE database_default,
                Field NVARCHAR(128) COLLATE database_default,
                Value SQL_VARIANT
                )"
    }
    $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows
}
function Get-SaLoginName {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Gets the login matching the standard "sa" user
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    Gets the login matching the standard "sa" user, useful in case of renames
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    The SQL Server instance.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted).
 
    .EXAMPLE
    Get-SaLoginName -SqlInstance base\sql2016
 
    .NOTES
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    $saname = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name

    return $saname
}
function Get-SmoServerForDynamicParams {
    ##############################
    # THIS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE USED
    ##############################
    if ($fakeBoundParameter.length -eq 0) { return }

    $SqlInstance = $fakeBoundParameter['SqlInstance']
    $sqlcredential = $fakeBoundParameter['SqlCredential']

    if ($null -eq $SqlInstance) {
        $SqlInstance = $fakeBoundParameter['sqlinstance']
    }
    if ($null -eq $SqlInstance) {
        $SqlInstance = $fakeBoundParameter['source']
    }
    if ($null -eq $sqlcredential) {
        $sqlcredential = $fakeBoundParameter['Credential']
    }

    if ($SqlInstance) {
        Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -ParameterConnection
    }
}
function Get-SqlCmdVars {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Retrieves the values of PowerShell parameters and updates values of SqlmdVars listed in the publish.xml.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Attempt to resolve SQLCmd variables via matching powershell variables explicitly defined in the current context.
            To try and avoid 'bad' default values getting deployed, block a deployment if we have SqlCmd variables that aren't defined in current context.
            Function has one reference and is executed when the "getSqlCmdVars" switch is included.
        .PARAMETER SqlCommandVariableValues
            Mandatory. The SqlCommandVariableValues from the DeployOptions property in the Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacProfile
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Richie lee (@bzzzt_io)
 
            Website: https://dbatools.io
            Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
            License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
        .LINK
            https://dbatools.io/Test-Noun
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Imagine content of MyDbProject.publish.xml is as follows -
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
        <Project ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
        <PropertyGroup>
            <IncludeCompositeObjects>True</IncludeCompositeObjects>
            <TargetDatabaseName>MyDbProject</TargetDatabaseName>
            <DeployScriptFileName>MyDbProject.sql</DeployScriptFileName>
            <TargetConnectionString>Data Source=.;Integrated Security=True;Persist Security Info=False;Pooling=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=False;Connect Timeout=60;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=True</TargetConnectionString>
            <BlockOnPossibleDataLoss>True</BlockOnPossibleDataLoss>
            <CreateNewDatabase>False</CreateNewDatabase>
            <ProfileVersionNumber>1</ProfileVersionNumber>
        </PropertyGroup>
        <ItemGroup>
            <SqlCmdVariable Include="DeployTag">
            <Value>OldValue</Value>
            </SqlCmdVariable>
        </ItemGroup>
        </Project>
        We will need one PowerShell parameter named $DeployTag to update the value
 
        The following scenario will fail as no $deployTag -
        "
            $publishXml = "C:\MyDbProject\bin\Debug\MyDbProject.publish.xml"
            $dacProfile = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacProfile]::Load($publishXml)
            Get-SqlCmdVars $dacProfile.DeployOptions.SqlCommandVariableValues -EnableException
        "
        This scenario will pass.
        "
            $deployTag = "NewValue"
            $publishXml = "C:\MyDbProject\bin\Debug\MyDbProject.publish.xml"
            $dacProfile = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacProfile]::Load($publishXml)
            Get-SqlCmdVars $dacProfile.DeployOptions.SqlCommandVariableValues -EnableException
        "
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        $SqlCommandVariableValues,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    $missingVariables = @()
    $keys = $($SqlCommandVariableValues.Keys)
    foreach ($var in $keys) {
        if (Test-Path variable:$var) {
            $value = Get-Variable $var -ValueOnly
            $SqlCommandVariableValues[$var] = $value
        }
        else {
            $missingVariables += $var
        }
    }
    if ($missingVariables.Count -gt 0) {
        $errorMsg = 'The following SqlCmd variables are not defined in the session (but are defined in the publish profile): {0}' -f ($missingVariables -join " `n")
        Stop-Function -Message $errorMsg -EnableException $EnableException
    }
}
function Get-SqlDefaultPaths {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Returns the default data and log paths for SQL Server. Needed because SMO's server.defaultpath is sometimes null.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$filetype,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    try {
        if ($SqlInstance -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject]) {
            $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        else {
            $server = $SqlInstance
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Message -Lvel Warning -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
        break
    }
    switch ($filetype) { "mdf" { $filetype = "data" } "ldf" { $filetype = "log" } }

    if ($filetype -eq "log") {
        # First attempt
        $filepath = $server.DefaultLog
        # Second attempt
        if ($filepath.Length -eq 0) { $filepath = $server.Information.MasterDbLogPath }
        # Third attempt
        if ($filepath.Length -eq 0) {
            $sql = "select SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultLogPath') as physical_name"
            $filepath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
        }
    }
    else {
        # First attempt
        $filepath = $server.DefaultFile
        # Second attempt
        if ($filepath.Length -eq 0) { $filepath = $server.Information.MasterDbPath }
        # Third attempt
        if ($filepath.Length -eq 0) {
            $sql = "select SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultDataPath') as physical_name"
            $filepath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
        }
    }

    if ($filepath.Length -eq 0) { throw "Cannot determine the required directory path" }
    $filepath = $filepath.TrimEnd("\")
    return $filepath
}
function Get-SqlDefaultSpConfigure {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Returns the default sp_configure options for a given version of SQL Server.
 
        .NOTES
        Server Configuration Options BOL (links subject to change):
        SQL Server 2017 - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.140).aspx
        SQL Server 2016 - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.130).aspx
        SQL Server 2014 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.120).aspx
        SQL Server 2012 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.110).aspx
        SQL Server 2008 R2 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.105).aspx
        SQL Server 2008 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.100).aspx
        SQL Server 2005 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189631(v=sql.90).aspx
        SQL Server 2000 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa196706(v=sql.80).aspx (requires PDF download)
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-SqlDefaultSpConfigure -SqlVersion 11
        Returns a list of sp_configure (sys.configurations) items for SQL 2012.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("Version")]
        [object]$SqlVersion
    )

    switch ($SqlVersion) {

        #region SQL2000
        8 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "affinity mask"                  = 0
                "allow updates"                  = 0
                "aweenabled"                     = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                  = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism" = 5
                "Cross DB Ownership Chaining"    = 0
                "cursor threshold"               = -1
                "default full-text language"     = 1033
                "default language"               = 0
                "fill factor (%)"                = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"       = 0
                "lightweight pooling"            = 0
                "locks"                          = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"      = 0
                "max server memory (MB)"         = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"         = 65536
                "max worker threads"             = 255
                "media retention"                = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"      = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"         = 0
                "Using Nested Triggers"          = 1
                "network packet size (B)"        = 4096
                "open objects"                   = 0
                "priority boost"                 = 0
                "query governor cost limit"      = 0
                "query wait (s)"                 = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"        = 0
                "remoteaccess"                   = 1
                "remotelogin timeout"            = 20
                "remote proc trans"              = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"       = 600
                "scan for startup procs"         = 0
                "set working set size"           = 0
                "show advanced options"          = 0
                "two digityear cutoff"           = 2049
                "user connections"               = 0
                "user options"                   = 0
            }
        }
        #endregion SQL2000

        #region SQL2005
        9 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "Ad Hoc Distributed Queries"         = 0
                "affinity I/O mask"                  = 0
                "affinity64 I/O mask"                = 0
                "affinity mask"                      = 0
                "affinity64 mask"                    = 0
                "Agent XPs"                          = 0
                "allow updates"                      = 0
                "awe enabled"                        = 0
                "blocked process threshold (s)"      = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                      = 0
                "clr enabled"                        = 0
                "common criteria compliance enabled" = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism"     = 5
                "cross db ownership chaining"        = 0
                "cursor threshold"                   = -1
                "Database Mail XPs"                  = 0
                "default full-text language"         = 1033
                "default language"                   = 0
                "default trace enabled"              = 1
                "disallow results from triggers"     = 0
                "fill factor (%)"                    = 0
                "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"           = 100
                "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"           = 0
                "ft notify bandwidth (max)"          = 100
                "ft notify bandwidth (min)"          = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"           = 0
                "in-doubt xact resolution"           = 0
                "lightweight pooling"                = 0
                "locks"                              = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"          = 0
                "max full-text crawl range"          = 4
                "max server memory (MB)"             = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"             = 65536
                "max worker threads"                 = 0
                "media retention"                    = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"          = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"             = 8
                "nested triggers"                    = 1
                "network packet size (B)"            = 4096
                "Ole Automation Procedures"          = 0
                "open objects"                       = 0
                "PH timeout (s)"                     = 60
                "precompute rank"                    = 0
                "priority boost"                     = 0
                "query governor cost limit"          = 0
                "query wait (s)"                     = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"            = 0
                "remote access"                      = 1
                "remote admin connections"           = 0
                "remote login timeout (s)"           = 20
                "remote proc trans"                  = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"           = 600
                "Replication XPs"                    = 0
                "scan for startup procs"             = 0
                "server trigger recursion"           = 1
                "set working set size"               = 0
                "show advanced options"              = 0
                "SMO and DMO XPs"                    = 1
                "SQL Mail XPs"                       = 0
                "transform noise words"              = 0
                "two digit year cutoff"              = 2049
                "user connections"                   = 0
                "User Instance Timeout"              = 60
                "user instances enabled"             = 0
                "user options"                       = 0
                "Web Assistant Procedures"           = 0
                "xp_cmdshell"                        = 0
            }
        }

        #endregion SQL2005

        #region SQL2008&2008R2
        10 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "access check cache bucket count"    = 0
                "access check cache quota"           = 0
                "ad hoc distributed queries"         = 0
                "affinity I/O mask"                  = 0
                "affinity64 I/O mask"                = 0
                "affinity mask"                      = 0
                "affinity64 mask"                    = 0
                "Agent XPs"                          = 0
                "allow updates"                      = 0
                "awe enabled"                        = 0
                "backup compression default"         = 0
                "blocked process threshold (s)"      = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                      = 0
                "clr enabled"                        = 0
                "common criteria compliance enabled" = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism"     = 5
                "cross db ownership chaining"        = 0
                "cursor threshold"                   = -1
                "Database Mail XPs"                  = 0
                "default full-text language"         = 1033
                "default language"                   = 0
                "default trace enabled"              = 1
                "disallow results from triggers"     = 0
                "EKM provider enabled"               = 0
                "filestream access level"            = 0
                "fill factor (%)"                    = 0
                "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"           = 100
                "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"           = 0
                "ft notify bandwidth (max)"          = 100
                "ft notify bandwidth (min)"          = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"           = 0
                "in-doubt xact resolution"           = 0
                "lightweight pooling"                = 0
                "locks"                              = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"          = 0
                "max full-text crawl range"          = 4
                "max server memory (MB)"             = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"             = 65536
                "max worker threads"                 = 0
                "media retention"                    = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"          = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"             = 0
                "nested triggers"                    = 1
                "network packet size (B)"            = 4096
                "Ole Automation Procedures"          = 0
                "open objects"                       = 0
                "optimize for ad hoc workloads"      = 0
                "PH timeout (s)"                     = 60
                "precompute rank"                    = 0
                "priority boost"                     = 0
                "query governor cost limit"          = 0
                "query wait (s)"                     = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"            = 0
                "remote access"                      = 1
                "remote admin connections"           = 0
                "remote login timeout (s)"           = 20
                "remote proc trans"                  = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"           = 600
                "Replication XPs"                    = 0
                "scan for startup procs"             = 0
                "server trigger recursion"           = 1
                "set working set size"               = 0
                "show advanced options"              = 0
                "SMO and DMO XPs"                    = 1
                "SQL Mail XPs"                       = 0
                "transform noise words"              = 0
                "two digit year cutoff"              = 2049
                "user connections"                   = 0
                "User Instance Timeout"              = 60
                "user instances enabled"             = 0
                "user options"                       = 0
                "xp_cmdshell"                        = 0
            }
        }
        #endregion SQL2008&2008R2

        #region SQL2012
        11 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "access check cache bucket count"    = 0
                "access check cache quota"           = 0
                "ad hoc distributed queries"         = 0
                "affinity I/O mask"                  = 0
                "affinity64 I/O mask"                = 0
                "affinity mask"                      = 0
                "affinity64 mask"                    = 0
                "Agent XPs"                          = 0
                "allow updates"                      = 0
                "backup compression default"         = 0
                "blocked process threshold (s)"      = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                      = 0
                "clr enabled"                        = 0
                "common criteria compliance enabled" = 0
                "contained database authentication"  = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism"     = 5
                "cross db ownership chaining"        = 0
                "cursor threshold"                   = -1
                "Database Mail XPs"                  = 0
                "default full-text language"         = 1033
                "default language"                   = 0
                "default trace enabled"              = 1
                "disallow results from triggers"     = 0
                "EKM provider enabled"               = 0
                "filestream access level"            = 0
                "fill factor (%)"                    = 0
                "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"           = 100
                "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"           = 0
                "ft notify bandwidth (max)"          = 100
                "ft notify bandwidth (min)"          = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"           = 0
                "in-doubt xact resolution"           = 0
                "lightweight pooling"                = 0
                "locks"                              = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"          = 0
                "max full-text crawl range"          = 4
                "max server memory (MB)"             = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"             = 65536
                "max worker threads"                 = 0
                "media retention"                    = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"          = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"             = 0
                "nested triggers"                    = 1
                "network packet size (B)"            = 4096
                "Ole Automation Procedures"          = 0
                "open objects"                       = 0
                "optimize for ad hoc workloads"      = 0
                "PH_timeou"                          = 60
                "precompute rank"                    = 0
                "priority boost"                     = 0
                "query governor cost limit"          = 0
                "query wait (s)"                     = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"            = 0
                "remote access"                      = 1
                "remote admin connections"           = 0
                "remote login timeout (s)"           = 10
                "remote proc trans"                  = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"           = 600
                "Replication XPs"                    = 0
                "scan for startup procs"             = 0
                "server trigger recursion"           = 1
                "set working set size"               = 0
                "show advanced options"              = 0
                "SMO and DMO XPs"                    = 1
                "transform noise words"              = 0
                "two digit year cutoff"              = 2049
                "user connections"                   = 0
                "user options"                       = 0
                "xp_cmdshell"                        = 0
            }
        }
        #endregion SQL2012

        #region SQL2014
        12 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "access check cache bucket count"    = 0
                "access check cache quota"           = 0
                "ad hoc distributed queries"         = 0
                "affinity I/O mask"                  = 0
                "affinity64 I/O mask"                = 0
                "affinity mask"                      = 0
                "affinity64 mask"                    = 0
                "Agent XPs"                          = 0
                "allow updates"                      = 0
                "backup checksum default"            = 0
                "backup compression default"         = 0
                "blocked process threshold (s)"      = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                      = 0
                "clr enabled"                        = 0
                "common criteria compliance enabled" = 0
                "contained database authentication"  = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism"     = 5
                "cross db ownership chaining"        = 0
                "cursor threshold"                   = -1
                "Database Mail XPs"                  = 0
                "default full-text language"         = 1033
                "default language"                   = 0
                "default trace enabled"              = 1
                "disallow results from triggers"     = 0
                "EKM provider enabled"               = 0
                "filestream access level"            = 0
                "fill factor (%)"                    = 0
                "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"           = 100
                "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"           = 0
                "ft notify bandwidth (max)"          = 100
                "ft notify bandwidth (min)"          = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"           = 0
                "in-doubt xact resolution"           = 0
                "lightweight pooling"                = 0
                "locks"                              = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"          = 0
                "max full-text crawl range"          = 4
                "max server memory (MB)"             = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"             = 65536
                "max worker threads"                 = 0
                "media retention"                    = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"          = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"             = 0
                "nested triggers"                    = 1
                "network packet size (B)"            = 4096
                "Ole Automation Procedures"          = 0
                "open objects"                       = 0
                "optimize for ad hoc workloads"      = 0
                "PH timeout (s)"                     = 60
                "precompute rank"                    = 0
                "priority boost"                     = 0
                "query governor cost limit"          = 0
                "query wait (s)"                     = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"            = 0
                "remote access"                      = 1
                "remote admin connections"           = 0
                "remote login timeout (s)"           = 10
                "remote proc trans"                  = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"           = 600
                "Replication XPs"                    = 0
                "scan for startup procs"             = 0
                "server trigger recursion"           = 1
                "set working set size"               = 0
                "show advanced options"              = 0
                "SMO and DMO XPs"                    = 1
                "transform noise words"              = 0
                "two digit year cutoff"              = 2049
                "user connections"                   = 0
                "user options"                       = 0
                "xp_cmdshell"                        = 0
            }
        }
        #endregion SQL2014

        #region SQL2016
        13 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "access check cache bucket count"        = 0
                "access check cache quota"               = 0
                "ad hoc distributed queries"             = 0
                "affinity I/O mask"                      = 0
                "affinity64 I/O mask"                    = 0
                "affinity mask"                          = 0
                "affinity64 mask"                        = 0
                "Agent XPs"                              = 0
                "allow updates"                          = 0
                "automatic soft-NUMA disabled"           = 0
                "backup checksum default"                = 0
                "backup compression default"             = 0
                "blocked process threshold (s)"          = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                          = 0
                "clr enabled"                            = 0
                "common criteria compliance enabled"     = 0
                "contained database authentication"      = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism"         = 5
                "cross db ownership chaining"            = 0
                "cursor threshold"                       = -1
                "Database Mail XPs"                      = 0
                "default full-text language"             = 1033
                "default language"                       = 0
                "default trace enabled"                  = 1
                "disallow results from triggers"         = 0
                "EKM provider enabled"                   = 0
                "external scripts enabled"               = 0
                "filestream access level"                = 0
                "fill factor (%)"                        = 0
                "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"               = 100
                "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"               = 0
                "ft notify bandwidth (max)"              = 100
                "ft notify bandwidth (min)"              = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"               = 0
                "in-doubt xact resolution"               = 0
                "lightweight pooling"                    = 0
                "locks"                                  = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"              = 0
                "max full-text crawl range"              = 4
                "max server memory (MB)"                 = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"                 = 65536
                "max worker threads"                     = 0
                "media retention"                        = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"              = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"                 = 0
                "nested triggers"                        = 1
                "network packet size (B)"                = 4096
                "Ole Automation Procedures"              = 0
                "open objects"                           = 0
                "optimize for ad hoc workloads"          = 0
                "PH timeout (s)"                         = 60
                "PolyBase Hadoop and Azure blob storage" = 0
                "precompute rank"                        = 0
                "priority boost"                         = 0
                "query governor cost limit"              = 0
                "query wait (s)"                         = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"                = 0
                "remote access"                          = 1
                "remote admin connections"               = 0
                "remote data archive"                    = 0
                "remote login timeout (s)"               = 10
                "remote proc trans"                      = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"               = 0
                "Replication XPs"                        = 0
                "scan for startup procs"                 = 0
                "server trigger recursion"               = 1
                "set working set size"                   = 0
                "show advanced options"                  = 0
                "SMO and DMO XPs"                        = 1
                "transform noise words"                  = 0
                "two digit year cutoff"                  = 2049
                "user connections"                       = 0
                "user options"                           = 0
                "xp_cmdshell"                            = 0
            }
        }
        #endregion SQL2016

        #region SQL2017
        14 {
            [pscustomobject]@{
                "access check cache bucket count"    = 0
                "access check cache quota"           = 0
                "Ad Hoc Distributed Queries"         = 0
                "affinity I / O mask"                = 0
                "affinity mask"                      = 0
                "affinity64 I / O mask"              = 0
                "affinity64 mask"                    = 0
                "Agent XPs"                          = 0
                "allow polybase export"              = 0
                "allow updates"                      = 0
                "automatic soft-NUMA disabled"       = 0
                "backup checksum default"            = 0
                "backup compression default"         = 0
                "blocked process threshold (s)"      = 0
                "c2 audit mode"                      = 0
                "clr enabled"                        = 0
                "clr strict security"                = 1
                "common criteria compliance enabled" = 0
                "contained database authentication"  = 0
                "cost threshold for parallelism"     = 5
                "cross db ownership chaining"        = 0
                "cursor threshold"                   = -1
                "Database Mail XPs"                  = 0
                "default full-text language"         = 1033
                "default language"                   = 0
                "default trace enabled"              = 1
                "disallow results from triggers"     = 0
                "EKM provider enabled"               = 0
                "external scripts enabled"           = 0
                "filestream access level"            = 0
                "fill factor ( % )"                  = 0
                "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"           = 100
                "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"           = 0
                "ft notify bandwidth (max)"          = 100
                "ft notify bandwidth (min)"          = 0
                "hadoop connectivity"                = 0
                "index create memory (KB)"           = 0
                "in-doubt xact resolution"           = 0
                "lightweight pooling"                = 0
                "locks"                              = 0
                "max degree of parallelism"          = 0
                "max full-text crawl range"          = 4
                "max server memory (MB)"             = 2147483647
                "max text repl size (B)"             = 65536
                "max worker threads"                 = 0
                "media retention"                    = 0
                "min memory per query (KB)"          = 1024
                "min server memory (MB)"             = 0
                "nested triggers"                    = 1
                "network packet size (B)"            = 4096
                "Ole Automation Procedures"          = 0
                "open objects"                       = 0
                "optimize for ad hoc workloads"      = 0
                "PH timeout (s)"                     = 60
                "polybase network encryption"        = 1
                "precompute rank"                    = 0
                "priority boost"                     = 0
                "query governor cost limit"          = 0
                "query wait (s)"                     = -1
                "recovery interval (min)"            = 0
                "remote access"                      = 1
                "remote admin connections"           = 0
                "remote data archive"                = 0
                "remote login timeout (s)"           = 10
                "remote proc trans"                  = 0
                "remote query timeout (s)"           = 600
                "Replication XPs"                    = 0
                "scan for startup procs"             = 0
                "server trigger recursion"           = 1
                "set working set size"               = 0
                "show advanced options"              = 0
                "SMO and DMO XPs"                    = 1
                "transform noise words"              = 0
                "two digit year cutoff"              = 2049
                "user connections"                   = 0
                "user options"                       = 0
                "xp_cmdshell"                        = 0

            }
        }
        #endregion SQL2017


    }

}
function Get-SqlFileStructure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Internal function. Returns custom object that contains file structures on destination paths (\\SqlInstance\m$\mssql\etc\etc\file.mdf) for
    source and destination servers.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$source,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 1)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$destination,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false, Position = 2)]
        [bool]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential
    )

    $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
    $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
    $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
    $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName

    $sourcenetbios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceserver
    $destnetbios = Resolve-NetBiosName $destserver

    $dbcollection = @{ };

    foreach ($db in $sourceserver.databases) {
        $dbstatus = $db.status.toString()
        if ($dbstatus.StartsWith("Normal") -eq $false) { continue }
        $destinationfiles = @{ }; $sourcefiles = @{ }

        # Data Files
        foreach ($filegroup in $db.filegroups) {
            foreach ($file in $filegroup.files) {
                # Destination File Structure
                $d = @{ }
                if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                    $d.physical = $file.filename
                }
                else {
                    $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destserver data
                    $filename = Split-Path $($file.filename) -leaf
                    $d.physical = "$directory\$filename"
                }
                $d.logical = $file.name
                $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUnc $destnetbios $d.physical
                $destinationfiles.add($file.name, $d)

                # Source File Structure
                $s = @{ }
                $s.logical = $file.name
                $s.physical = $file.filename
                $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUnc $sourcenetbios $s.physical
                $sourcefiles.add($file.name, $s)
            }
        }

        # Add support for Full Text Catalogs in SQL Server 2005 and below
        if ($sourceserver.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
            foreach ($ftc in $db.FullTextCatalogs) {
                # Destination File Structure
                $d = @{ }
                $pre = "sysft_"
                $name = $ftc.name
                $physical = $ftc.RootPath
                $logical = "$pre$name"
                if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                    $d.physical = $physical
                }
                else {
                    $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destserver data
                    if ($destserver.VersionMajor -lt 10) { $directory = "$directory\FTDATA" }
                    $filename = Split-Path($physical) -leaf
                    $d.physical = "$directory\$filename"
                }
                $d.logical = $logical
                $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUnc $destnetbios $d.physical
                $destinationfiles.add($logical, $d)

                # Source File Structure
                $s = @{ }
                $pre = "sysft_"
                $name = $ftc.name
                $physical = $ftc.RootPath
                $logical = "$pre$name"

                $s.logical = $logical
                $s.physical = $physical
                $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUnc $sourcenetbios $s.physical
                $sourcefiles.add($logical, $s)
            }
        }

        # Log Files
        foreach ($file in $db.logfiles) {
            $d = @{ }
            if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                $d.physical = $file.filename
            }
            else {
                $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destserver log
                $filename = Split-Path $($file.filename) -leaf
                $d.physical = "$directory\$filename"
            }
            $d.logical = $file.name
            $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUnc $destnetbios $d.physical
            $destinationfiles.add($file.name, $d)

            $s = @{ }
            $s.logical = $file.name
            $s.physical = $file.filename
            $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUnc $sourcenetbios $s.physical
            $sourcefiles.add($file.name, $s)
        }

        $location = @{ }
        $location.add("Destination", $destinationfiles)
        $location.add("Source", $sourcefiles)
        $dbcollection.Add($($db.name), $location)
    }

    $filestructure = [pscustomobject]@{ "databases" = $dbcollection }
    return $filestructure
}
function Get-SqlSaLogin {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Internal function. Gets the name of the sa login in case someone changed it.
        .PARAMETER SqlInstance
            The SQL Server instance.
        .PARAMETER SqlCredential
            Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted).
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )
    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    $sa = $server.Logins | Where-Object Id -eq 1
    return $sa.Name
}
function Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal Function to get SQL Server backfiles from a specified folder using xp_dirtree
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Takes path, checks for validity. Scans for usual backup file
 
    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to retrieve the restore for.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path '\\foo\bar\' -SqlInstance $SqlInstance
 
        Tests whether the instance $SqlInstance has access to the path \\foo\bar\
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [bool][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException = $false,
        [switch]$NoRecurse
    )

    Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"

    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

    if (($path -like '*.bak') -or ($path -like '*trn')) {

    }
    elseif ($Path[-1] -ne "\") {
        $Path = $Path + "\"
    }

    if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -path $path)) {
        Stop-Function -Message "SqlInstance $SqlInstance cannot access $path" -EnableException $true
    }
    if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
        $sql = "EXEC master..xp_dirtree '$Path',1,1;"
    }
    else {
        $sql = "EXEC master.sys.xp_dirtree '$Path',1,1;"
    }
    #$queryResult = Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance $SqlInstance -Credential $SqlCredential -Database tempdb -Query $query
    $queryResult = $server.Query($sql)
    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    $dirs = $queryResult | where-object file -eq 0
    $Results = @()
    $Results += $queryResult | where-object file -eq 1 | Select-Object @{ Name = "FullName"; Expression = { $path + $_."Subdirectory" } }

    if ($True -ne $NoRecurse) {
        foreach ($d in $dirs) {
            $fullpath = "$path$($d.Subdirectory)"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Enumerating subdirectory '$fullpath'"
            $Results += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -path $fullpath -SqlInstance $server
        }
    }
    return $Results
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-Command2 {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Wrapper function that calls Invoke-Command and gracefully handles credentials.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Wrapper function that calls Invoke-Command and gracefully handles credentials.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Default: $env:COMPUTERNAME
            The computer to invoke the scriptblock on.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            The credentials to use.
            Can accept $null on older PowerShell versions, since it expects type object, not PSCredential
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The code to run on the targeted system
 
        .PARAMETER ArgumentList
            Any arguments to pass to the scriptblock being run
 
        .PARAMETER Raw
            Passes through the raw return data, rather than prettifying stuff.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName sql2014 -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { dir }
 
            Executes the scriptblock '{ dir }' on the computer sql2014 using the credentials stored in $Credential.
            If $Credential is null, no harm done.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUsePSCredentialType", "")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "")]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [object]$Credential,
        [scriptblock]$ScriptBlock,
        [object[]]$ArgumentList,
        [switch]$Raw
    )
    <# Note: Credential stays as an object type for legacy reasons. #>

    $InvokeCommandSplat = @{
        ScriptBlock = $ScriptBlock
    }
    if ($ArgumentList) {
        $InvokeCommandSplat["ArgumentList"] = $ArgumentList
    }
    if (-not $ComputerName.IsLocalHost) {
        $runspaceId = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace.InstanceId
        $sessionName = "dbatools_$runspaceId"

        # Retrieve a session from the session cache, if available (it's unique per runspace)
        if (-not ($currentSession = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::PSSessionGet($runspaceId, $ComputerName.ComputerName) | Where-Object State -Match "Opened|Disconnected")) {
            $timeout = New-PSSessionOption -IdleTimeout (New-TimeSpan -Minutes 10).TotalMilliSeconds
            if ($Credential) {
                $InvokeCommandSplat["Session"] = (New-PSSession -ComputerName $ComputerName.ComputerName -Name $sessionName -SessionOption $timeout -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop)
            }
            else {
                $InvokeCommandSplat["Session"] = (New-PSSession -ComputerName $ComputerName.ComputerName -Name $sessionName -SessionOption $timeout -ErrorAction Stop)
            }
            $currentSession = $InvokeCommandSplat["Session"]
        }
        else {
            if ($currentSession.State -eq "Disconnected") {
                $null = $currentSession | Connect-PSSession -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            $InvokeCommandSplat["Session"] = $currentSession

            # Refresh the session registration if registered, to reset countdown until purge
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::PSSessionSet($runspaceId, $ComputerName.ComputerName, $currentSession)
        }
    }

    if ($Raw) {
        Invoke-Command @InvokeCommandSplat
    }
    else {
        Invoke-Command @InvokeCommandSplat | Select-Object -Property * -ExcludeProperty PSComputerName, RunspaceId, PSShowComputerName
    }

    if (-not $ComputerName.IsLocalhost) {
        # Tell the system to clean up if the session expires
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::PSSessionSet($runspaceId, $ComputerName.ComputerName, $currentSession)

        if (-not (Get-DbaConfigValue -FullName 'PSRemoting.Sessions.Enable' -Fallback $true)) {
            $currentSession | Remove-PSSession
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDatabaseCorruption {
    <#
      .SYNOPSIS
      Utilizes the DBCC WRITEPAGE functionality to corrupt a specific database table for testing. In no uncertain terms, this is a non-production command.
      This will absolutely break your databases and that is its only purpose.
      Using DBCC WritePage will definitely void any support options for your database.
 
      .DESCRIPTION
      This command can be used to verify your tests for corruption are successful, and to demo various scenarios for corrupting page data.
      This command will take an instance and database (and optionally a table) and set the database to single user mode, corrupt either the specified table or the first table it finds, and returns it to multi-user.
 
      .PARAMETER SqlInstance
      The SQL Server instance holding the databases to be removed.You must have sysadmin access and Server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.
 
      .PARAMETER SqlCredential
      Allows you to login to Servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:
      $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.
      Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
      .PARAMETER Database
      The single database you would like to corrupt, this command does not support multiple databases (on purpose.)
 
      .PARAMETER Table
      The specific table you want corrupted, if you do not choose one, the first user table (alphabetically) will be chosen for corruption.
 
      .PARAMETER WhatIf
      If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
 
      .PARAMETER Confirm
      If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
 
      .PARAMETER EnableException
      By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
      This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
      Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
      .NOTES
      Tags: Corruption, Testing
      Author: Constantine Kokkinos (@mobileck https://constantinekokkinos.com)
      Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/dbcc-writepage/
      Website: https://dbatools.io
      Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
      License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
      .LINK
      https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDatabaseCorruption
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Invoke-DbaDatabaseCorruption -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb
      Prompts for confirmation then selects the first table in database containeddb and corrupts it (by putting database into single user mode, writing to garbage to its first non-iam page, and returning it to multi-user.)
 
      .EXAMPLE
      Invoke-DbaDatabaseCorruption -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb -Table Customers -Confirm:$false
      Does not prompt and immediately corrupts table customers in database containeddb on the sql2016 instance (by putting database into single user mode, writing to garbage to its first non-iam page, and returning it to multi-user.)
  #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$Table,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    # For later if we want to do bit flipping.
    # function Dbcc-ReadPage {
    # param (
    # $SqlInstance,
    # $Database,
    # $TableName,
    # $IndexID = 1
    # )
    # $DbccPage = "DBCC PAGE (N'$Database',N'$($TableName)',$IndexID)"
    # Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$DbccPage"
    # $pages = $SqlInstance.Query($DbccPage) | Where-Object { $_.IAMFID -ne [DBNull]::Value }
    # return $Pages
    # }

    function Dbcc-Index {
        [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs", "")]
        [CmdletBinding()]
        param (
            $SqlInstance,
            $Database,
            $TableName,
            $IndexID = 1
        )
        $DbccInd = "DBCC IND (N'$Database',N'$($TableName)',$IndexID)"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$DbccInd"
        $pages = $SqlInstance.Query($DbccInd) | Where-Object { $_.IAMFID -ne [DBNull]::Value }
        return $Pages
    }
    function Dbcc-WritePage {
        [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs", "")]
        [CmdletBinding()]
        param (
            $SqlInstance,
            $Database,
            $FileId = 1,
            $PageId,
            $Offset = 4000,
            $NumberOfBytesToChange = 1,
            $HexString = '0x45',
            $bypassbufferpool = 1
        )
        $DbccWritePage = "DBCC WRITEPAGE (N'$Database', $FileId, $PageId, $Offset, $NumberOfBytesToChange, $HexString, $bypassbufferpool);"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$DbccWritePage"
        $WriteInfo = $SqlInstance.Databases[$Database].Query($DbccWritePage)
        return $WriteInfo
    }

    if ("master", "tempdb", "model", "msdb" -contains $Database) {
        Stop-Function -Message "You may not corrupt system databases."
        return
    }

    try {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
        $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
        return
    }

    $db = $Server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Database }
    if (!$db) {
        Stop-Function -Message "The database specified does not exist."
        return
    }
    if ($Table) {
        $tb = $db.Tables | Where-Object Name -eq $Table
    }
    else {
        $tb = $db.Tables | Select-Object -First 1
    }

    if (-not $tb) {
        Stop-Function -Message "There are no accessible tables in $Database on $SqlInstance." -Target $Database
        return
    }

    $RowCount = $db.Query("select top 1 * from $($tb.name)")
    if ($RowCount.count -eq 0) {
        Stop-Function -Message "The table $tb has no rows" -Target $table
        return
    }

    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $SqlInstance", "Corrupt $tb in $Database")) {
        $pages = Dbcc-Index -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database -TableName $tb.Name | Select-Object -First 1
        #Dbcc-ReadPage -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database -PageId $pages.PagePID -FileId $pages.PageFID
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting single-user mode."
        $null = Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database
        $null = Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlServer $Server -Database $Database -SingleUser -Force

        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Stopping processes in target database."
            $null = Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Corrupting data."
            Dbcc-WritePage -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database -PageId $pages.PagePID -FileId $pages.PageFID
        }
        catch {
            $Server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
            $Server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
            $null = Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlServer $Server -Database $Database -MultiUser -Force
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to write page" -Category WriteError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting database into multi-user mode."
        # If you do not disconnect and reconnect, multiuser fails.
        $Server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        $Server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
        $null = Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlServer $Server -Database $Database -MultiUser -Force

        [pscustomobject]@{
            ComputerName = $Server.NetName
            InstanceName = $Server.ServiceName
            SqlInstance  = $Server.DomainInstanceName
            Database     = $db.Name
            Table        = $tb.Name
            Status       = "Corrupted"
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQueryScriptParser {
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]

    Param(
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateScript( {Test-Path $_})]
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$filename,
        [Switch]$NoQueryTextColumn,
        [Switch]$NoPlanColumn,
        [Switch]$NoColumnParsing
    )

    $out = "Parsing file {0}" -f $filename
    write-verbose -Message $out

    $ParsedScript = @()
    [string]$scriptpart = ""

    $fullscript = Get-Content -Path $filename

    $start = $false
    $querynr = 0
    $DBSpecific = $false

    if ($NoQueryTextColumn) {$QueryTextColumn = ""}  else {$QueryTextColumn = ", t.[text] AS [Complete Query Text]"}
    if ($NoPlanColumn) {$PlanTextColumn = ""} else {$PlanTextColumn = ", qp.query_plan AS [Query Plan]"}

    foreach ($line in $fullscript) {
        if ($start -eq $false) {
            if ($line -match "You have the correct major version of SQL Server for this diagnostic information script") {
                $start = $true
            }
            continue
        }

        if ($line.StartsWith("-- Database specific queries ***") -or ($line.StartsWith("-- Switch to user database **"))) {
            $DBSpecific = $true
        }

        if (!$NoColumnParsing) {
            if (($line -match "-- uncomment out these columns if not copying results to Excel") -or ($line -match "-- comment out this column if copying results to Excel")) {
                $line = $QueryTextColumn + $PlanTextColumn
            }
        }

        if ($line -match "-{2,}\s{1,}(.*) \(Query (\d*)\) \((\D*)\)") {
            $prev_querydescription = $Matches[1]
            $prev_querynr = $Matches[2]
            $prev_queryname = $Matches[3]

            if ($querynr -gt 0) {
                $properties = @{QueryNr = $querynr; QueryName = $queryname; DBSpecific = $DBSpecific; Description = $queryDescription; Text = $scriptpart}
                $newscript = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $properties
                $ParsedScript += $newscript
                $scriptpart = ""
            }

            $querydescription = $prev_querydescription
            $querynr = $prev_querynr
            $queryname = $prev_queryname
        }
        else {
            if (!$line.startswith("--") -and ($line.trim() -ne "") -and ($null -ne $line) -and ($line -ne "\n")) {
                $scriptpart += $line + "`n"
            }
        }
    }

    $ParsedScript
}
function Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Runs wmi commands against a target system.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Runs wmi commands against a target system.
            Either directly or over PowerShell remoting.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The target to run against. Must be resolvable.
 
        .PARAMETER Credential
            Credentials to use when using PowerShell remoting.
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The scriptblock to execute.
            Use $wmi to access the smo wmi object.
            Must not include a param block!
 
        .PARAMETER ArgumentList
            The arguments to pass to your scriptblock.
            Access them within the scriptblock using the automatic variable $args
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            Left in for legacy reasons. This command will throw no matter what
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("Server")]
        [dbainstanceparameter]
        $ComputerName,

        [PSCredential]

        $Credential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [scriptblock]
        $ScriptBlock,

        [string[]]
        $ArgumentList,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException # Left in for legacy but this command needs to throw
    )

    $computer = $ComputerName.ComputerName

    $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -EnableException $true

    $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer
    $ipaddr = $resolved.IpAddress
    $ArgumentList += $ipaddr

    [scriptblock]$setupScriptBlock = {
        $ipaddr = $args[$args.GetUpperBound(0)]

        # Just in case we go remote, ensure the assembly is loaded
        [void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SqlWmiManagement')
        $wmi = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Wmi.ManagedComputer $ipaddr
        $null = $wmi.Initialize()
    }

    $prescriptblock = $setupScriptBlock.ToString()
    $postscriptblock = $ScriptBlock.ToString()

    $scriptblock = [ScriptBlock]::Create("$prescriptblock $postscriptblock")

    try {
        Invoke-Command2 -ScriptBlock $ScriptBlock -ArgumentList $ArgumentList -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
    }
    catch {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Local connection attempt to $computer failed. Connecting remotely."

            # For surely resolve stuff, and going by default with kerberos, this needs to match FullComputerName
            $hostname = $resolved.FullComputerName

            Invoke-Command2 -ScriptBlock $ScriptBlock -ArgumentList $ArgumentList -ComputerName $hostname -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            throw "SqlWmi connection failed: $_"
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-Parallel {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Function to control parallel processing using runspaces
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Function to control parallel processing using runspaces
 
            Note that each runspace will not have access to variables and commands loaded in your session or in other runspaces by default.
            This behaviour can be changed with parameters.
 
    .PARAMETER ScriptFile
        File to run against all input objects. Must include parameter to take in the input object, or use $args. Optionally, include parameter to take in parameter. Example: C:\script.ps1
 
    .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
        Scriptblock to run against all computers.
 
        You may use $Using:<Variable> language in PowerShell 3 and later.
 
            The parameter block is added for you, allowing behaviour similar to foreach-object:
                Refer to the input object as $_.
                Refer to the parameter parameter as $parameter
 
    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Run script against these specified objects.
 
    .PARAMETER Parameter
        This object is passed to every script block. You can use it to pass information to the script block; for example, the path to a logging folder
 
            Reference this object as $parameter if using the scriptblock parameterset.
 
    .PARAMETER ImportVariables
        If specified, get user session variables and add them to the initial session state
 
    .PARAMETER ImportModules
        If specified, get loaded modules and pssnapins, add them to the initial session state
 
    .PARAMETER Throttle
        Maximum number of threads to run at a single time.
 
    .PARAMETER SleepTimer
        Milliseconds to sleep after checking for completed runspaces and in a few other spots. I would not recommend dropping below 200 or increasing above 500
 
    .PARAMETER RunspaceTimeout
        Maximum time in seconds a single thread can run. If execution of your code takes longer than this, it is disposed. Default: 0 (seconds)
 
        WARNING: Using this parameter requires that maxQueue be set to throttle (it will be by default) for accurate timing. Details here:
        http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Run-Parallel-Parallel-377fd430
 
    .PARAMETER NoCloseOnTimeout
        Do not dispose of timed out tasks or attempt to close the runspace if threads have timed out. This will prevent the script from hanging in certain situations where threads become non-responsive, at the expense of leaking memory within the PowerShell host.
 
    .PARAMETER MaxQueue
        Maximum number of powershell instances to add to runspace pool. If this is higher than $throttle, $timeout will be inaccurate
 
        If this is equal or less than throttle, there will be a performance impact
 
        The default value is $throttle times 3, if $runspaceTimeout is not specified
        The default value is $throttle, if $runspaceTimeout is specified
 
    .PARAMETER LogFile
        Path to a file where we can log results, including run time for each thread, whether it completes, completes with errors, or times out.
 
    .PARAMETER AppendLog
        Append to existing log
 
    .PARAMETER Quiet
        Disable progress bar
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Each example uses Test-ForPacs.ps1 which includes the following code:
            param($computer)
 
            if(test-connection $computer -count 1 -quiet -BufferSize 16){
                $object = [pscustomobject] @{
                    Computer=$computer;
                    Available=1;
                    Kodak=$(
                        if((test-path "\\$computer\c$\users\public\desktop\Kodak Direct View Pacs.url") -or (test-path "\\$computer\c$\documents and settings\all users\desktop\Kodak Direct View Pacs.url") ){"1"}else{"0"}
                    )
                }
            }
            else{
                $object = [pscustomobject] @{
                    Computer=$computer;
                    Available=0;
                    Kodak="NA"
                }
            }
 
            $object
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Parallel -scriptfile C:\public\Test-ForPacs.ps1 -inputobject $(get-content C:\pcs.txt) -runspaceTimeout 10 -throttle 10
 
            Pulls list of PCs from C:\pcs.txt,
            Runs Test-ForPacs against each
            If any query takes longer than 10 seconds, it is disposed
            Only run 10 threads at a time
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Parallel -scriptfile C:\public\Test-ForPacs.ps1 -inputobject c-is-ts-91, c-is-ts-95
 
            Runs against c-is-ts-91, c-is-ts-95 (-computername)
            Runs Test-ForPacs against each
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $stuff = [pscustomobject] @{
            ContentFile = "windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts"
            Logfile = "C:\temp\log.txt"
        }
 
        $computers | Invoke-Parallel -parameter $stuff {
            $contentFile = join-path "\\$_\c$" $parameter.contentfile
            Get-Content $contentFile |
                set-content $parameter.logfile
        }
 
        This example uses the parameter argument. This parameter is a single object. To pass multiple items into the script block, we create a custom object (using a PowerShell v3 language) with properties we want to pass in.
 
        Inside the script block, $parameter is used to reference this parameter object. This example sets a content file, gets content from that file, and sets it to a predefined log file.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $test = 5
        1..2 | Invoke-Parallel -ImportVariables {$_ * $test}
 
        Add variables from the current session to the session state. Without -ImportVariables $Test would not be accessible
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $test = 5
        1..2 | Invoke-Parallel {$_ * $Using:test}
 
        Reference a variable from the current session with the $Using:<Variable> syntax. Requires PowerShell 3 or later. Note that -ImportVariables parameter is no longer necessary.
 
    .FUNCTIONALITY
        PowerShell Language
 
    .NOTES
        Credit to Boe Prox for the base runspace code and $Using implementation
            http://learn-powershell.net/2012/05/10/speedy-network-information-query-using-powershell/
            http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Speedy-Network-Information-5b1406fb#content
            https://github.com/proxb/PoshRSJob/
 
        Credit to T Bryce Yehl for the Quiet and NoCloseOnTimeout implementations
 
        Credit to Sergei Vorobev for the many ideas and contributions that have improved functionality, reliability, and ease of use
 
    .LINK
        https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/Invoke-Parallel
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName='ScriptBlock')]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false,position=0,ParameterSetName='ScriptBlock')]
        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]$ScriptBlock,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false,ParameterSetName='ScriptFile')]
        [ValidateScript({Test-Path $_ -pathtype leaf})]
        $ScriptFile,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
        [Alias('CN','__Server','IPAddress','Server','ComputerName')]
        [PSObject]$InputObject,

        [PSObject]$Parameter,

        [switch]$ImportVariables,
        [switch]$ImportModules,
        [switch]$ImportFunctions,

        [int]$Throttle = 20,
        [int]$SleepTimer = 200,
        [int]$RunspaceTimeout = 0,
        [switch]$NoCloseOnTimeout = $false,
        [int]$MaxQueue,

        [validatescript({Test-Path (Split-Path $_ -parent)})]
        [switch] $AppendLog = $false,
        [string]$LogFile,

        [switch] $Quiet = $false
    )
    begin {
        #No max queue specified? Estimate one.
        #We use the script scope to resolve an odd PowerShell 2 issue where MaxQueue isn't seen later in the function
        if( -not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('MaxQueue') ) {
            if($RunspaceTimeout -ne 0){ $script:MaxQueue = $Throttle }
            else{ $script:MaxQueue = $Throttle * 3 }
        }
        else {
            $script:MaxQueue = $MaxQueue
        }
        Write-Verbose "Throttle: '$throttle' SleepTimer '$sleepTimer' runSpaceTimeout '$runspaceTimeout' maxQueue '$maxQueue' logFile '$logFile'"

        #If they want to import variables or modules, create a clean runspace, get loaded items, use those to exclude items
        if ($ImportVariables -or $ImportModules -or $ImportFunctions) {
            $StandardUserEnv = [powershell]::Create().addscript({

                #Get modules, snapins, functions in this clean runspace
                $Modules = Get-Module | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                $Snapins = Get-PSSnapin | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                $Functions = Get-ChildItem function:\ | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                #Get variables in this clean runspace
                #Called last to get vars like $? into session
                $Variables = Get-Variable | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                #Return a hashtable where we can access each.
                @{
                    Variables   = $Variables
                    Modules     = $Modules
                    Snapins     = $Snapins
                    Functions   = $Functions
                }
            }).invoke()[0]

            if ($ImportVariables) {
                #Exclude common parameters, bound parameters, and automatic variables
                Function _temp {[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$True)] param() }
                $VariablesToExclude = @( (Get-Command _temp | Select-Object -ExpandProperty parameters).Keys + $PSBoundParameters.Keys + $StandardUserEnv.Variables )
                Write-Verbose "Excluding variables $( ($VariablesToExclude | Sort-Object ) -join ", ")"

                # we don't use 'Get-Variable -Exclude', because it uses regexps.
                # One of the veriables that we pass is '$?'.
                # There could be other variables with such problems.
                # Scope 2 required if we move to a real module
                $UserVariables = @( Get-Variable | Where-Object { -not ($VariablesToExclude -contains $_.Name) } )
                Write-Verbose "Found variables to import: $( ($UserVariables | Select-Object -expandproperty Name | Sort-Object ) -join ", " | Out-String).`n"
            }
            if ($ImportModules) {
                $UserModules = @( Get-Module | Where-Object {$StandardUserEnv.Modules -notcontains $_.Name -and (Test-Path $_.Path -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path )
                $UserSnapins = @( Get-PSSnapin | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name | Where-Object {$StandardUserEnv.Snapins -notcontains $_ } )
            }
            if($ImportFunctions) {
                $UserFunctions = @( Get-ChildItem function:\ | Where-Object { $StandardUserEnv.Functions -notcontains $_.Name } )
            }
        }

        #region functions
            Function Get-RunspaceData {
                [cmdletbinding()]
                param( [switch]$Wait )
                #loop through runspaces
                #if $wait is specified, keep looping until all complete
                Do {
                    #set more to false for tracking completion
                    $more = $false

                    #Progress bar if we have inputobject count (bound parameter)
                    if (-not $Quiet) {
                        Write-Progress  -Activity "Running Query" -Status "Starting threads"`
                            -CurrentOperation "$startedCount threads defined - $totalCount input objects - $script:completedCount input objects processed"`
                            -PercentComplete $( Try { $script:completedCount / $totalCount * 100 } Catch {0} )
                    }

                    #run through each runspace.
                    Foreach($runspace in $runspaces) {

                        #get the duration - inaccurate
                        $currentdate = Get-Date
                        $runtime = $currentdate - $runspace.startTime
                        $runMin = [math]::Round( $runtime.totalminutes ,2 )

                        #set up log object
                        $log = "" | Select-Object Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details
                        $log.Action = "Removing:'$($runspace.object)'"
                        $log.Date = $currentdate
                        $log.Runtime = "$runMin minutes"

                        #If runspace completed, end invoke, dispose, recycle, counter++
                        If ($runspace.Runspace.isCompleted) {

                            $script:completedCount++

                            #check if there were errors
                            if($runspace.powershell.Streams.Error.Count -gt 0) {
                                #set the logging info and move the file to completed
                                $log.status = "CompletedWithErrors"
                                Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                                foreach($ErrorRecord in $runspace.powershell.Streams.Error) {
                                    Write-Error -ErrorRecord $ErrorRecord
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                #add logging details and cleanup
                                $log.status = "Completed"
                                Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                            }

                            #everything is logged, clean up the runspace
                            $runspace.powershell.EndInvoke($runspace.Runspace)
                            $runspace.powershell.dispose()
                            $runspace.Runspace = $null
                            $runspace.powershell = $null
                        }
                        #If runtime exceeds max, dispose the runspace
                        ElseIf ( $runspaceTimeout -ne 0 -and $runtime.totalseconds -gt $runspaceTimeout) {
                            $script:completedCount++
                            $timedOutTasks = $true

                            #add logging details and cleanup
                            $log.status = "TimedOut"
                            Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                            Write-Error "Runspace timed out at $($runtime.totalseconds) seconds for the object:`n$($runspace.object | out-string)"

                            #Depending on how it hangs, we could still get stuck here as dispose calls a synchronous method on the powershell instance
                            if (!$noCloseOnTimeout) { $runspace.powershell.dispose() }
                            $runspace.Runspace = $null
                            $runspace.powershell = $null
                            $completedCount++
                        }

                        #If runspace isn't null set more to true
                        ElseIf ($runspace.Runspace -ne $null ) {
                            $log = $null
                            $more = $true
                        }

                        #log the results if a log file was indicated
                        if($logFile -and $log) {
                            ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1] | out-file $LogFile -append
                        }
                    }

                    #Clean out unused runspace jobs
                    $temphash = $runspaces.clone()
                    $temphash | Where-Object { $_.runspace -eq $Null } | ForEach-Object {
                        $Runspaces.remove($_)
                    }

                    #sleep for a bit if we will loop again
                    if($PSBoundParameters['Wait']){ Start-Sleep -milliseconds $SleepTimer }

                #Loop again only if -wait parameter and there are more runspaces to process
                } while ($more -and $PSBoundParameters['Wait'])

            #End of runspace function
            }
        #endregion functions

        #region Init

            if($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ScriptFile') {
                $ScriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create( $(Get-Content $ScriptFile | out-string) )
            }
            elseif($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ScriptBlock') {
                #Start building parameter names for the param block
                [string[]]$ParamsToAdd = '$_'
                if( $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Parameter') ) {
                    $ParamsToAdd += '$Parameter'
                }

                $UsingVariableData = $Null

                # This code enables $Using support through the AST.
                # This is entirely from Boe Prox, and his https://github.com/proxb/PoshRSJob module; all credit to Boe!

                if($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -gt 2) {
                    #Extract using references
                    $UsingVariables = $ScriptBlock.ast.FindAll({$args[0] -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.UsingExpressionAst]},$True)

                    If ($UsingVariables) {
                        $List = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.Management.Automation.Language.VariableExpressionAst]'
                        ForEach ($Ast in $UsingVariables) {
                            [void]$list.Add($Ast.SubExpression)
                        }

                        $UsingVar = $UsingVariables | Group-Object -Property SubExpression | ForEach-Object {$_.Group | Select-Object -First 1}

                        #Extract the name, value, and create replacements for each
                        $UsingVariableData = ForEach ($Var in $UsingVar) {
                            try {
                                $Value = Get-Variable -Name $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath -ErrorAction Stop
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    Name = $Var.SubExpression.Extent.Text
                                    Value = $Value.Value
                                    NewName = ('$__using_{0}' -f $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath)
                                    NewVarName = ('__using_{0}' -f $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath)
                                }
                            }
                            catch {
                                Write-Error "$($Var.SubExpression.Extent.Text) is not a valid Using: variable!"
                            }
                        }
                        $ParamsToAdd += $UsingVariableData | Select-Object -ExpandProperty NewName -Unique

                        $NewParams = $UsingVariableData.NewName -join ', '
                        $Tuple = [Tuple]::Create($list, $NewParams)
                        $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags]"Default,NonPublic,Instance"
                        $GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl = ($ScriptBlock.ast.gettype().GetMethod('GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl',$bindingFlags))

                        $StringScriptBlock = $GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl.Invoke($ScriptBlock.ast,@($Tuple))

                        $ScriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($StringScriptBlock)

                        Write-Verbose $StringScriptBlock
                    }
                }

                $ScriptBlock = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.NewScriptBlock("param($($ParamsToAdd -Join ", "))`r`n" + $Scriptblock.ToString())
            }
            else {
                Throw "Must provide ScriptBlock or ScriptFile"; Break
            }

            Write-Debug "`$ScriptBlock: $($ScriptBlock | Out-String)"
            Write-Verbose "Creating runspace pool and session states"

            #If specified, add variables and modules/snapins to session state
            $sessionstate = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
            if($ImportVariables -and $UserVariables.count -gt 0) {
                foreach($Variable in $UserVariables) {
                    $sessionstate.Variables.Add((New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateVariableEntry -ArgumentList $Variable.Name, $Variable.Value, $null) )
                }
            }
            if ($ImportModules) {
                if($UserModules.count -gt 0) {
                    foreach($ModulePath in $UserModules) {
                        $sessionstate.ImportPSModule($ModulePath)
                    }
                }
                if($UserSnapins.count -gt 0) {
                    foreach($PSSnapin in $UserSnapins) {
                        [void]$sessionstate.ImportPSSnapIn($PSSnapin, [ref]$null)
                    }
                }
            }
            if($ImportFunctions -and $UserFunctions.count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($FunctionDef in $UserFunctions) {
                    $sessionstate.Commands.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateFunctionEntry -ArgumentList $FunctionDef.Name,$FunctionDef.ScriptBlock))
                }
            }

            #Create runspace pool
            $runspacepool = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspacePool(1, $Throttle, $sessionstate, $Host)
            $runspacepool.Open()

            Write-Verbose "Creating empty collection to hold runspace jobs"
            $Script:runspaces = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

            #If inputObject is bound get a total count and set bound to true
            $bound = $PSBoundParameters.keys -contains "InputObject"
            if(-not $bound) {
                [System.Collections.ArrayList]$allObjects = @()
            }

            #Set up log file if specified
            if( $LogFile -and (-not (Test-Path $LogFile) -or $AppendLog -eq $false)){
                New-Item -ItemType file -Path $logFile -Force | Out-Null
                ("" | Select-Object -Property Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details | ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ";")[0] | Out-File $LogFile
            }

            #write initial log entry
            $log = "" | Select-Object -Property Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details
                $log.Date = Get-Date
                $log.Action = "Batch processing started"
                $log.Runtime = $null
                $log.Status = "Started"
                $log.Details = $null
                if($logFile) {
                    ($log | convertto-csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1] | Out-File $LogFile -Append
                }
            $timedOutTasks = $false
        #endregion INIT
    }
    process {
        #add piped objects to all objects or set all objects to bound input object parameter
        if($bound) {
            $allObjects = $InputObject
        }
        else {
            [void]$allObjects.add( $InputObject )
        }
    }
    end {
        #Use Try/Finally to catch Ctrl+C and clean up.
        try {
            #counts for progress
            $totalCount = $allObjects.count
            $script:completedCount = 0
            $startedCount = 0
            foreach($object in $allObjects) {
                #region add scripts to runspace pool
                    #Create the powershell instance, set verbose if needed, supply the scriptblock and parameters
                    $powershell = [powershell]::Create()

                    if ($VerbosePreference -eq 'Continue') {
                        [void]$PowerShell.AddScript({$VerbosePreference = 'Continue'})
                    }

                    [void]$PowerShell.AddScript($ScriptBlock).AddArgument($object)

                    if ($parameter) {
                        [void]$PowerShell.AddArgument($parameter)
                    }

                    # $Using support from Boe Prox
                    if ($UsingVariableData) {
                        Foreach($UsingVariable in $UsingVariableData) {
                            Write-Verbose "Adding $($UsingVariable.Name) with value: $($UsingVariable.Value)"
                            [void]$PowerShell.AddArgument($UsingVariable.Value)
                        }
                    }

                    #Add the runspace into the powershell instance
                    $powershell.RunspacePool = $runspacepool

                    #Create a temporary collection for each runspace
                    $temp = "" | Select-Object PowerShell, StartTime, object, Runspace
                    $temp.PowerShell = $powershell
                    $temp.StartTime = Get-Date
                    $temp.object = $object

                    #Save the handle output when calling BeginInvoke() that will be used later to end the runspace
                    $temp.Runspace = $powershell.BeginInvoke()
                    $startedCount++

                    #Add the temp tracking info to $runspaces collection
                    Write-Verbose ( "Adding {0} to collection at {1}" -f $temp.object, $temp.starttime.tostring() )
                    $runspaces.Add($temp) | Out-Null

                    #loop through existing runspaces one time
                    Get-RunspaceData

                    #If we have more running than max queue (used to control timeout accuracy)
                    #Script scope resolves odd PowerShell 2 issue
                    $firstRun = $true
                    while ($runspaces.count -ge $Script:MaxQueue) {
                        #give verbose output
                        if($firstRun) {
                            Write-Verbose "$($runspaces.count) items running - exceeded $Script:MaxQueue limit."
                        }
                        $firstRun = $false

                        #run get-runspace data and sleep for a short while
                        Get-RunspaceData
                        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $sleepTimer
                    }
                #endregion add scripts to runspace pool
            }
            Write-Verbose ( "Finish processing the remaining runspace jobs: {0}" -f ( @($runspaces | Where-Object {$_.Runspace -ne $Null}).Count) )

            Get-RunspaceData -wait
            if (-not $quiet) {
                Write-Progress -Activity "Running Query" -Status "Starting threads" -Completed
            }
        }
        finally {
            #Close the runspace pool, unless we specified no close on timeout and something timed out
            if ( ($timedOutTasks -eq $false) -or ( ($timedOutTasks -eq $true) -and ($noCloseOnTimeout -eq $false) ) ) {
                Write-Verbose "Closing the runspace pool"
                $runspacepool.close()
            }
            #collect garbage
            [gc]::Collect()
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-SmoCheck {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Checks for PowerShell SMO version vs SQL Server's SMO version.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [object]$SqlInstance
    )

    if ($script:smocheck -ne $true) {
        $script:smocheck = $true
        $smo = (([AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }).FullName -Split ", ")[1]
        $smo = ([version]$smo.TrimStart("Version=")).Major
        $serverversion = $SqlInstance.version.major

        if ($serverversion - $smo -gt 1) {
            Write-Warning "Your version of SMO is $smo, which is significantly older than $($SqlInstance.name)'s version $($SqlInstance.version.major)."
            Write-Warning "This may present an issue when migrating certain portions of SQL Server."
            Write-Warning "If you encounter issues, consider upgrading SMO."
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-TagCommand ([string]$Tag, [string]$Keyword) {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
    An internal command, feel free to ignore.
 
.EXAMPLE
    Tag-Command -Tag Restore -Keyword Restore
    Tag-Command -Tag Backup -Keyword Backup
    Tag-Command -Tag Orphan -Keyword Orphan
    Tag-Command -Tag DisasterRecovery -Keyword Attach
    Tag-Command -Tag DisasterRecovery -Keyword Detach
    Tag-Command -Tag Snapshot -Keyword Snapshot
    Tag-Command -Tag Memory -Keyword Memory
    Tag-Command -Tag DisasterRecovery -Keyword Restore
    Tag-Command -Tag DisasterRecovery -Keyword Backup
    Tag-Command -Tag Storage -Keyword disk
    Tag-Command -Tag Storage -Keyword storage
    Tag-Command -Tag Migration -Keyword "Copy-"
    Tag-Command -Tag SPN -Keyword Kerberos
    Tag-Command -Tag SPN -Keyword SPN
    Tag-Command -Tag CIM -Keyword CimSession
    Tag-Command -Tag SQLWMI -Keyword Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand
    Tag-Command -Tag WSMan -Keyword Invoke-Command
 
#>

    $tagsRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}Tags:(.*)$')
    $modulepath = (Get-Module -Name dbatools).Path
    $directory = Split-Path $modulepath
    $basedir = "$directory\functions\"
    Import-Module $modulepath -force
    $allfiles = Get-ChildItem $basedir
    foreach ($f in $allfiles) {
        if ($f -eq "Find-DbaCommand.ps1") { continue }

        $content = Get-Content $f.fullname
        if ($content -like "*$keyword*") {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$f needs a tag tag"
            $cmdname = $f.name.replace('.ps1', '')

            $fullhelp = get-help $cmdname -full

            $as = $fullhelp.alertset | out-string

            $tags = $tagsrex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value

            if ($tags) {
                $tags = $tags.ToString().split(',').Trim()
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "adding tags to existing ones"
                if ($tag -in $tags) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "tag $tag is already present"
                    continue
                }
                $out = @()
                foreach ($line in $content) {
                    if ($line.trim().startsWith('Tags:')) {
                        $out += "$line, $tag"
                    }
                    else {
                        $out += $line
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "replacing content into $($f.fullname)"
                $out -join "`r`n" | Set-Content $f.fullname -Encoding UTF8

            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "need to add tags"
                $out = @()
                foreach ($line in $content) {
                    if ($line.startsWith('.NOTES')) {
                        $out += '.NOTES'
                        $out += "Tags: $tag"
                    }
                    else {
                        $out += $line
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "replacing content into $($f.fullname)"
                $out -join "`r`n" | Set-Content $f.fullname -Encoding UTF8
            }
        }
    }
}
function Join-AdminUnc {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Internal function. Parses a path to make it an admin UNC.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$servername,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$filepath

    )

    if (!$filepath) { return }
    if ($filepath.StartsWith("\\")) { return $filepath }

    $servername = $servername.Split("\")[0]

    if ($filepath.length -gt 0 -and $filepath -ne [System.DbNull]::Value) {
        $newpath = Join-Path "\\$servername\" $filepath.replace(':', '$')
        return $newpath
    }
    else { return }
}
function New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase add the primary database to log shipping
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase will add the primary database to log shipping.
    This is executed on the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
    $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
    To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER Database
    Database to set up log shipping for.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupDirectory
    Is the path to the backup folder on the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupJob
    Is the name of the SQL Server Agent job on the primary server that copies the backup into the backup folder.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupJobID
    The SQL Server Agent job ID associated with the backup job on the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupRetention
    Is the length of time, in minutes, to retain the log backup file in the backup directory on the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupShare
    Is the network path to the backup directory on the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupThreshold
    Is the length of time, in minutes, after the last backup before a threshold_alert error is raised.
    The default is 60.
 
    .PARAMETER CompressBackup
    Enables the use of backup compression
 
    .PARAMETER ThressAlert
    Is the length of time, in minutes, when the alert is to be raised when the backup threshold is exceeded.
    The default is 14,420.
 
    .PARAMETER HistoryRetention
    Is the length of time in minutes in which the history will be retained.
    The default is 14420.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorServer
    Is the name of the monitor server.
    The default is the name of the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorCredential
    Allows you to login to enter a secure credential.
    This is only needed in combination with MonitorServerSecurityMode having either a 0 or 'sqlserver' value.
    To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -MonitorCredential parameter.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorServerSecurityMode
    The security mode used to connect to the monitor server. Allowed values are 0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows"
    The default is 1 or Windows.
 
    .PARAMETER ThresholdAlertEnabled
    Specifies whether an alert will be raised when backup threshold is exceeded.
    The default is 0.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
    It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
    Tags: Log shippin, primary database
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase -SqlInstance sql1 -Database DB1 -BackupDirectory D:\data\logshipping -BackupJob LSBackup_DB1 -BackupRetention 4320 -BackupShare "\\sql1\logshipping" -BackupThreshold 60 -CompressBackup -HistoryRetention 14420 -MonitorServer sql1 -ThresholdAlertEnabled
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$BackupDirectory,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$BackupJob,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [int]$BackupRetention,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$BackupShare,

        [int]$BackupThreshold = 60,

        [switch]$CompressBackup,

        [int]$ThressAlert = 14420,

        [int]$HistoryRetention = 14420,

        [string]$MonitorServer,

        [ValidateSet(0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows")]
        [object]$MonitorServerSecurityMode = 1,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $MonitorCredential,

        [switch]$ThresholdAlertEnabled,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,

        [switch]$Force
    )

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance" -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Check if the backup UNC path is correct and reachable
    if ([bool]([uri]$BackupShare).IsUnc -and $BackupShare -notmatch '^\\(?:\\[^<>:`"/\\|?*]+)+$') {
        Stop-Function -Message "The backup share path $BackupShare should be formatted in the form \\server\share." -Target $SqlInstance
        return
    }
    else {
        if (-not ((Test-Path $BackupShare -PathType Container -IsValid) -and ((Get-Item $BackupShare).PSProvider.Name -eq 'FileSystem'))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The backup share path $BackupShare is not valid or can't be reached." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    # Check the backup compression
    if ($CompressBackup -eq $true) {
        Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to 1." -Level Verbose
        $BackupCompression = 1
    }
    elseif ($CompressBackup -eq $false) {
        Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to 0." -Level Verbose
        $BackupCompression = 0
    }
    elseif (-not $CompressBackup) {
        $defaultCompression = (Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -ConfigName DefaultBackupCompression).ConfiguredValue
        Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to default value $defaultCompression." -Level Verbose
        $BackupCompression = $defaultCompression

    }

    # Check of the MonitorServerSecurityMode value is of type string and set the integer value
    if ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -notin 0, 1) {
        $MonitorServerSecurityMode = switch ($MonitorServerSecurityMode) {"WINDOWS" { 1 } "SQLSERVER" { 0 } }
        Write-Message -Message "Setting monitor server security mode to $MonitorServerSecurityMode." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Check the MonitorServer
    if ($Force -and -not $MonitorServer) {
        $MonitorServer = $SqlInstance
        Write-Message -Message "Setting monitor server to $MonitorServer." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Check the MonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
    if ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0 -and -not $MonitorCredential) {
        Stop-Function -Message "The MonitorServerCredential cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -Target $SqlInstance
        return
    }
    elseif ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0 -and $MonitorCredential) {
        # Get the username and password from the credential
        $MonitorLogin = $MonitorCredential.UserName
        $MonitorPassword = $MonitorCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password

        # Check if the user is in the database
        if ($server.Databases['master'].Users.Name -notcontains $MonitorLogin) {
            Stop-Function -Message "User $MonitorLogin for monitor login must be in the master database." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    # Check if the database is present on the source sql server
    if ($server.Databases.Name -notcontains $Database) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Database $Database is not available on instance $SqlInstance" -Target $SqlInstance
        return
    }

    # Check the if Threshold alert needs to be enabled
    if ($ThresholdAlertEnabled) {
        [int]$ThresholdAlertEnabled = 1
        Write-Message -Message "Setting Threshold alert to $ThresholdAlertEnabled." -Level Verbose
    }
    else {
        [int]$ThresholdAlertEnabled = 0
        Write-Message -Message "Setting Threshold alert to $ThresholdAlertEnabled." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Set the log shipping primary
    $Query = "
        DECLARE @LS_BackupJobId AS uniqueidentifier;
        DECLARE @LS_PrimaryId AS uniqueidentifier;
        EXEC master.sys.sp_add_log_shipping_primary_database
            @database = N'$Database'
            ,@backup_directory = N'$BackupDirectory'
            ,@backup_share = N'$BackupShare'
            ,@backup_job_name = N'$BackupJob'
            ,@backup_retention_period = $BackupRetention"

    if ($SqlInstance.Version.Major -gt 9) {
        $Query += ",@backup_compression = $BackupCompression"
    }

    if ($MonitorServer) {
        $Query += ",@monitor_server = N'$MonitorServer'
            ,@monitor_server_security_mode = $MonitorServerSecurityMode
            ,@threshold_alert = $ThressAlert
            ,@threshold_alert_enabled = $ThresholdAlertEnabled"
    }

    $Query += ",@backup_threshold = $BackupThreshold
            ,@history_retention_period = $HistoryRetention
            ,@backup_job_id = @LS_BackupJobId OUTPUT
            ,@primary_id = @LS_PrimaryId OUTPUT "

    # Check the MonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
    if ($MonitorServer -and $MonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0 ) {
        $Query += ",@monitor_server_login = N'$MonitorLogin'
            ,@monitor_server_password = N'$MonitorPassword' "
    }

    if ($server.Version.Major -gt 9) {
        $Query += ",@overwrite = 1;"
    }
    else {
        $Query += ";"
    }

    # Execute the query to add the log shipping primary
    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlServer, ("Configuring logshipping for primary database $Database on $SqlInstance"))) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping for primary database $Database." -Level Output
            Write-Message -Message "Executing query:`n$Query" -Level Verbose
            $server.Query($Query)
        }
        catch {
            Write-Message -Message "$($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message)" -Level Warning
            Stop-Function -Message "Error executing the query.`n$($_.Exception.Message)`n$($Query)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }

    Write-Message -Message "Finished adding the primary database $Database to log shipping." -Level Output

}
function New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary adds an entry for a secondary database.
 
.DESCRIPTION
New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary adds an entry for a secondary database.
This is executed on the primary server.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryDatabase
Is the name of the database on the primary server.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryDatabase
Is the name of the secondary database.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryServer
Is the name of the secondary server.
 
.PARAMETER SecondarySqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SecondarySqlCredential parameter.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Log shipping, primary database, secondary database
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
 
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary -SqlInstance sql1 -PrimaryDatabase DB1 -SecondaryServer sql2 -SecondaryDatabase DB1_DR
 
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$PrimaryDatabase,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$SecondaryDatabase,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$SecondaryServer,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SecondarySqlCredential,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $ServerPrimary = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance" -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $SecondaryServer" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $ServerSecondary = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SecondaryServer -SqlCredential $SecondarySqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance" -Target $SecondaryServer -Continue
    }

    # Check if the database is present on the source sql server
    if ($ServerPrimary.Databases.Name -notcontains $PrimaryDatabase) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Database $PrimaryDatabase is not available on instance $SqlInstance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Check if the database is present on the destination sql server
    if ($ServerSecondary.Databases.Name -notcontains $SecondaryDatabase) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Database $SecondaryDatabase is not available on instance $SecondaryServer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SecondaryServer -Continue
    }

    $Query = "SELECT primary_database FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_primary_databases WHERE primary_database = '$PrimaryDatabase'"

    try {
        Write-Message -Message "Executing query:`n$Query" -Level Verbose
        $Result = $ServerPrimary.Query($Query)
        if ($Result.Count -eq 0 -or $Result[0] -ne $PrimaryDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database $PrimaryDatabase does not exist as log shipping primary.`nPlease run New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase first."  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Error executing the query.`n$($_.Exception.Message)`n$Query" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Set the query for the log shipping primary and secondary
    $Query = "EXEC master.sys.sp_add_log_shipping_primary_secondary
        @primary_database = N'$PrimaryDatabase'
        ,@secondary_server = N'$SecondaryServer'
        ,@secondary_database = N'$SecondaryDatabase' "

    if ($ServerPrimary.Version.Major -gt 9) {
        $Query += ",@overwrite = 1;"
    }
    else {
        $Query += ";"
    }

    # Execute the query to add the log shipping primary
    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, ("Configuring logshipping connecting the primary database $PrimaryDatabase to secondary database $SecondaryDatabase on $SqlInstance"))) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping connecting the primary database $PrimaryDatabase to secondary database $SecondaryDatabase on $SqlInstance." -Level Output
            Write-Message -Message "Executing query:`n$Query" -Level Verbose
            $ServerPrimary.Query($Query)
        }
        catch {
            Write-Message -Message "$($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message)" -Level Warning
            Stop-Function -Message "Error executing the query.`n$($_.Exception.Message)`n$Query" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }

    Write-Message -Message "Finished configuring of primary database $PrimaryDatabase to secondary database $SecondaryDatabase." -Level Output

}
function New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryDatabase {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryDatabase sets up a secondary databases for log shipping.
 
.DESCRIPTION
New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryDatabase sets up a secondary databases for log shipping.
This is executed on the secondary server.
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
$scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
.PARAMETER BufferCount
The total number of buffers used by the backup or restore operation.
The default is -1.
 
.PARAMETER BlockSize
The size, in bytes, that is used as the block size for the backup device.
The default is -1.
 
.PARAMETER DisconnectUsers
If set to 1, users are disconnected from the secondary database when a restore operation is performed.
Te default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER HistoryRetention
Is the length of time in minutes in which the history is retained.
The default is 14420.
 
.PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
The size, in bytes, of the maximum input or output request which is issued by SQL Server to the backup device.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryServer
The name of the primary instance of the Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine in the log shipping configuration.
 
.PARAMETER PrimaryDatabase
Is the name of the database on the primary server.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreAll
If set to 1, the secondary server restores all available transaction log backups when the restore job runs.
The default is 1.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreDelay
The amount of time, in minutes, that the secondary server waits before restoring a given backup file.
The default is 0.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreMode
The restore mode for the secondary database. The default is 0.
0 = Restore log with NORECOVERY.
1 = Restore log with STANDBY.
 
.PARAMETER RestoreThreshold
The number of minutes allowed to elapse between restore operations before an alert is generated.
 
.PARAMETER SecondaryDatabase
Is the name of the secondary database.
 
.PARAMETER ThresholdAlert
Is the alert to be raised when the backup threshold is exceeded.
The default is 14420.
 
.PARAMETER ThresholdAlertEnabled
Specifies whether an alert is raised when backup_threshold is exceeded.
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
.PARAMETER Force
The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
.NOTES
Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
Tags: Log shippin, secondary database
 
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.EXAMPLE
New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryDatabase -SqlInstance sql2 -SecondaryDatabase DB1_DR -PrimaryServer sql1 -PrimaryDatabase DB1 -RestoreDelay 0 -RestoreMode standby -DisconnectUsers -RestoreThreshold 45 -ThresholdAlertEnabled -HistoryRetention 14420
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [int]$BufferCount = -1,

        [int]$BlockSize = -1,

        [switch]$DisconnectUsers,

        [int]$HistoryRetention = 14420,

        [int]$MaxTransferSize,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$PrimaryServer,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $PrimarySqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$PrimaryDatabase,

        [int]$RestoreAll = 1,

        [int]$RestoreDelay = 0,

        [ValidateSet(0, 'NoRecovery', 1, 'Standby')]
        [object]$RestoreMode = 0,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [int]$RestoreThreshold,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$SecondaryDatabase,

        [int]$ThresholdAlert = 14420,

        [switch]$ThresholdAlertEnabled,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,

        [switch]$Force
    )

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $ServerSecondary = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $SqlInstance.`n$_" -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $PrimaryServer" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $ServerPrimary = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $PrimaryServer -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $PrimaryServer.`n$_" -Target $PrimaryServer -Continue
    }

    # Check if the database is present on the primary sql server
    if ($ServerPrimary.Databases.Name -notcontains $PrimaryDatabase) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Database $PrimaryDatabase is not available on instance $PrimaryServer" -Target $PrimaryServer -Continue
    }

    # Check if the database is present on the primary sql server
    if ($ServerSecondary.Databases.Name -notcontains $SecondaryDatabase) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Database $SecondaryDatabase is not available on instance $ServerSecondary" -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Check the restore mode
    if ($RestoreMode -notin 0, 1) {
        $RestoreMode = switch ($RestoreMode) { "NoRecovery" { 0}  "Standby" { 1 } }
        Write-Message -Message "Setting restore mode to $RestoreMode." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Check the if Threshold alert needs to be enabled
    if ($ThresholdAlertEnabled) {
        [int]$ThresholdAlertEnabled = 1
        Write-Message -Message "Setting Threshold alert to $ThresholdAlertEnabled." -Level Verbose
    }
    else {
        [int]$ThresholdAlertEnabled = 0
        Write-Message -Message "Setting Threshold alert to $ThresholdAlertEnabled." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Checking the option to disconnect users
    if ($DisconnectUsers) {
        [int]$DisconnectUsers = 1
        Write-Message -Message "Setting disconnect users to $DisconnectUsers." -Level Verbose
    }
    else {
        [int]$DisconnectUsers = 0
        Write-Message -Message "Setting disconnect users to $DisconnectUsers." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Check hte combination of the restore mode with the option to disconnect users
    if ($RestoreMode -eq 0 -and $DisconnectUsers -ne 0) {
        if ($Force) {
            [int]$DisconnectUsers = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Illegal combination of database restore mode $RestoreMode and disconnect users $DisconnectUsers. Setting it to $DisconnectUsers." -Level Warning
        }
        else {
            Stop-Function -Message "Illegal combination of database restore mode $RestoreMode and disconnect users $DisconnectUsers." -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }

    # Set up the query
    $Query = "EXEC master.sys.sp_add_log_shipping_secondary_database
        @secondary_database = '$SecondaryDatabase'
        ,@primary_server = '$PrimaryServer'
        ,@primary_database = '$PrimaryDatabase'
        ,@restore_delay = $RestoreDelay
        ,@restore_all = $RestoreAll
        ,@restore_mode = $RestoreMode
        ,@disconnect_users = $DisconnectUsers
        ,@restore_threshold = $RestoreThreshold
        ,@threshold_alert = $ThresholdAlert
        ,@threshold_alert_enabled = $ThresholdAlertEnabled
        ,@history_retention_period = $HistoryRetention "

    # Addinf extra options to the query when needed
    if ($BlockSize -ne -1) {
        $Query += ",@block_size = $BlockSize"
    }

    if ($BufferCount -ne -1) {
        $Query += ",@buffer_count = $BufferCount"
    }

    if ($MaxTransferSize -ge 1) {
        $Query += ",@max_transfer_size = $MaxTransferSize"
    }

    if ($ServerSecondary.Version.Major -gt 9) {
        $Query += ",@overwrite = 1;"
    }
    else {
        $Query += ";"
    }

    # Execute the query to add the log shipping primary
    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlServer, ("Configuring logshipping for secondary database $SecondaryDatabase on $SqlInstance"))) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping for secondary database $SecondaryDatabase on $SqlInstance." -Level Output
            Write-Message -Message "Executing query:`n$Query" -Level Verbose
            $ServerSecondary.Query($Query)
        }
        catch {
            Write-Message -Message "$($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message)" -Level Warning
            Stop-Function -Message "Error executing the query.`n$($_.Exception.Message)`n$Query"  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }

    Write-Message -Message "Finished adding the secondary database $SecondaryDatabase to log shipping." -Level Output

}
function New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryPrimary {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary sets up the primary information for the primary database.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
    New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary sets up the primary information, adds local and remote monitor links,
    and creates copy and restore jobs for the specified primary database.
    This is executed on the secondary server.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
    SQL Server instance. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
    Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
    $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.
    To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupSourceDirectory
    The directory where transaction log backup files from the primary server are stored.
 
    .PARAMETER BackupDestinationDirectory
    The directory on the secondary server where backup files are copied to.
 
    .PARAMETER CopyJob
    The name to use for the SQL Server Agent job being created to copy transaction log backups to the secondary server.
 
    .PARAMETER CopyJobID
    The UID associated with the copy job on the secondary server.
 
    .PARAMETER FileRetentionPeriod
    The length of time, in minutes, that a backup file is retained on the secondary server in the path specified by the BackupDestinationDirectory parameter before being deleted.
    The default is 14420.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorServer
    Is the name of the monitor server. The default is the secondary server.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorServerLogin
    Is the username of the account used to access the monitor server.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorServerPassword
    Is the password of the account used to access the monitor server.
 
    .PARAMETER MonitorServerSecurityMode
    The security mode used to connect to the monitor server. Allowed values are 0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows"
    The default is 1 or Windows.
 
    .PARAMETER PrimaryServer
    The name of the primary instance of the Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine in the log shipping configuration.
 
    .PARAMETER PrimaryDatabase
    Is the name of the database on the primary server.
 
    .PARAMETER RestoreJob
    Is the name of the SQL Server Agent job on the secondary server that restores the backups to the secondary database.
 
    .PARAMETER RestoreJobID
    The UID associated with the restore job on the secondary server.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
    Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
    Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER Force
    The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
    It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.
 
    .NOTES
    Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)
    Tags: Log shippin, primary database, secondary database
 
    Website: https://dbatools.io
    Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
    License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .LINK
    https://dbatools.io/New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary
 
    .EXAMPLE
    New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryPrimary -SqlInstance sql2 -BackupSourceDirectory "\\sql1\logshipping\DB1" -BackupDestinationDirectory D:\Data\logshippingdestination\DB1_DR -CopyJob LSCopy_sql2_DB1_DR -FileRetentionPeriod 4320 -MonitorServer sql2 -MonitorServerSecurityMode 'Windows' -PrimaryServer sql1 -PrimaryDatabase DB1 -RestoreJob LSRestore_sql2_DB1_DR
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]

    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$BackupSourceDirectory,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [string]$BackupDestinationDirectory,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$CopyJob,

        [int]$FileRetentionPeriod = 14420,

        [string]$MonitorServer,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $MonitorCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateSet(0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows")]
        [object]$MonitorServerSecurityMode = 1,

        [object]$PrimaryServer,

        [PSCredential][System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]$PrimarySqlCredential,
        [object]$PrimaryDatabase,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$RestoreJob,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,

        [switch]$Force
    )

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $SqlInstance" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $ServerSecondary = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance"  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
    }

    # Try connecting to the instance
    Write-Message -Message "Attempting to connect to $PrimaryServer" -Level Verbose
    try {
        $ServerPrimary = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $PrimaryServer -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential
    }
    catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance"  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $PrimaryServer -Continue
    }

    # Check if the backup UNC path is correct and reachable
    if ([bool]([uri]$BackupDestinationDirectory).IsUnc -and $BackupDestinationDirectory -notmatch '^\\(?:\\[^<>:`"/\\|?*]+)+$') {
        Stop-Function -Message "The backup destination path should be formatted in the form \\server\share." -Target $SqlInstance
        return
    }
    else {
        if (-not ((Test-Path $BackupDestinationDirectory -PathType Container -IsValid) -and ((Get-Item $BackupDestinationDirectory).PSProvider.Name -eq 'FileSystem'))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The backup destination path is not valid or can't be reached." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    # Check the MonitorServer
    if ($Force -and -not $MonitorServer) {
        $MonitorServer = $SqlInstance
        Write-Message -Message "Setting monitor server to $MonitorServer." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Check of the MonitorServerSecurityMode value is of type string and set the integer value
    if ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -notin 0, 1) {
        $MonitorServerSecurityMode = switch ($MonitorServerSecurityMode) {"WINDOWS" { 1 } "SQLSERVER" { 0 } }
        Write-Message -Message "Setting monitor server security mode to $MonitorServerSecurityMode." -Level Verbose
    }

    # Check the MonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
    if ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0 -and -not $MonitorCredential) {
        Stop-Function -Message "The MonitorServerCredential cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        return
    }
    elseif ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0 -and $MonitorCredential) {
        # Get the username and password from the credential
        $MonitorLogin = $MonitorCredential.UserName
        $MonitorPassword = $MonitorCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password

        # Check if the user is in the database
        if ($ServerSecondary.Databases['master'].Users.Name -notcontains $MonitorLogin) {
            Stop-Function -Message "User $MonitorLogin for monitor login must be in the master database." -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
            return
        }
    }

    # Check if the database is present on the primary sql server
    if ($ServerPrimary.Databases.Name -notcontains $PrimaryDatabase) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Database $PrimaryDatabase is not available on instance $PrimaryServer" -Target $PrimaryServer -Continue
        return
    }

    # Set up the query
    $Query = "
        DECLARE @LS_Secondary__CopyJobId AS uniqueidentifier
        DECLARE @LS_Secondary__RestoreJobId AS uniqueidentifier
        DECLARE @LS_Secondary__SecondaryId AS uniqueidentifier
        EXEC master.sys.sp_add_log_shipping_secondary_primary
                @primary_server = N'$PrimaryServer'
                ,@primary_database = N'$PrimaryDatabase'
                ,@backup_source_directory = N'$BackupSourceDirectory'
                ,@backup_destination_directory = N'$BackupDestinationDirectory'
                ,@copy_job_name = N'$CopyJob'
                ,@restore_job_name = N'$RestoreJob'
                ,@file_retention_period = $FileRetentionPeriod
                ,@copy_job_id = @LS_Secondary__CopyJobId OUTPUT
                ,@restore_job_id = @LS_Secondary__RestoreJobId OUTPUT
                ,@secondary_id = @LS_Secondary__SecondaryId OUTPUT "

    if ($MonitorServer) {
        $Query += ",@monitor_server = N'$MonitorServer'
                ,@monitor_server_security_mode = $($MonitorServerSecurityMode) "
    }


    # Check the MonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
    if ($MonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0 -and $MonitorServer) {
        $Query += ",@monitor_server_login = N'$MonitorLogin'
            ,@monitor_server_password = N'$MonitorPassword' "
    }

    if ($ServerSecondary.Version.Major -gt 9) {
        $Query += ",@overwrite = 1;"
    }
    else {
        $Query += ";"
    }

    # Execute the query to add the log shipping primary
    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlServer, ("Configuring logshipping making settings for the primary database to secondary database on $SqlInstance"))) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping making settings for the primary database." -Level Output
            Write-Message -Message "Executing query:`n$Query" -Level Verbose
            $ServerSecondary.Query($Query)
        }
        catch {
            Write-Message -Message "$($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message)" -Level Warning
            Stop-Function -Message "Error executing the query.`n$($_.Exception.Message)"  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }
    }

    Write-Message -Message "Finished configuring of secondary database to primary database $PrimaryDatabase." -Level Output
}
function global:New-DbaTeppCompletionResult {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Generates a completion result for dbatools internal tab completion.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Generates a completion result for dbatools internal tab completion.
 
        .PARAMETER CompletionText
            The text to propose.
 
        .PARAMETER ToolTip
            The tooltip to show in tooltip-aware hosts (ISE, mostly)
 
        .PARAMETER ListItemText
            ???
 
        .PARAMETER CompletionResultType
            The type of object that is being completed.
            By default it generates one of type paramter value.
 
        .PARAMETER NoQuotes
            Whether to put the result in quotes or not.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            New-DbaTeppCompletionResult -CompletionText 'master' -ToolTip 'master'
 
            Returns a CompletionResult with the text and tooltip 'master'
    #>
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]
        $CompletionText,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [string]
        $ToolTip,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [string]
        $ListItemText,

        [System.Management.Automation.CompletionResultType]
        $CompletionResultType = [System.Management.Automation.CompletionResultType]::ParameterValue,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
        [switch]
        $NoQuotes = $false
    )

    process {
        $toolTipToUse = if ($ToolTip -eq '') { $CompletionText }
        else { $ToolTip }
        $listItemToUse = if ($ListItemText -eq '') { $CompletionText }
        else { $ListItemText }

        # If the caller explicitly requests that quotes
        # not be included, via the -NoQuotes parameter,
        # then skip adding quotes.

        if ($CompletionResultType -eq [System.Management.Automation.CompletionResultType]::ParameterValue -and -not $NoQuotes) {
            # Add single quotes for the caller in case they are needed.
            # We use the parser to robustly determine how it will treat
            # the argument. If we end up with too many tokens, or if
            # the parser found something expandable in the results, we
            # know quotes are needed.

            $tokens = $null
            $null = [System.Management.Automation.Language.Parser]::ParseInput("echo $CompletionText", [ref]$tokens, [ref]$null)
            if ($tokens.Length -ne 3 -or ($tokens[1] -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.StringExpandableToken] -and $tokens[1].Kind -eq [System.Management.Automation.Language.TokenKind]::Generic)) {
                $CompletionText = "'$CompletionText'"
            }
        }
        return New-Object System.Management.Automation.CompletionResult($CompletionText, $listItemToUse, $CompletionResultType, $toolTipToUse.Trim())
    }
}

(Get-Item Function:\New-DbaTeppCompletionResult).Visibility = "Private"
function Register-DbaConfigValidation {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Registers a validation scriptblock for use with the configuration system.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Registers a validation scriptblock for use with the configuration system.
 
            The scriptblock must be designed according to a few guidelines:
            - It must not throw exceptions
            - It must accept a single parameter (the value to be tested)
            - It must return an object with three properties: 'Message', 'Value' and 'Success'.
            The Success property should be boolean and indicate whether the value is valid.
            The Value property contains the validated input. The scriptblock may legally convert the input (For example from string to int in case of integer validation)
            The message contains a string that will be passed along to an exception in case the input is NOT valid.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            The name under which to register the validation scriptblock
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The scriptblock to register
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Register-DbaConfigValidation -Name IntPositive -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
 
            Registers the scriptblock stored in $scriptblock as validation with the name IntPositive
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ScriptBlock]
        $ScriptBlock
    )

    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation[$Name.ToLower()] = $ScriptBlock
}
function Register-DbaMaintenanceTask {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Allows scheduling maintenance tasks, that are perfomed in the background.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Allows scheduling maintenance tasks, that are perfomed in the background.
 
            All scriptblocks scheduled like this will be performed on a separate runspace and have access to all internal dbatools commands.
            None of the scriptblocks will affect the main session (so you cannot manipulate variables, etc.)
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            The name of the task.
            Must be unique, otherwise it will update the existing task.
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The task/scriptblock that should be performed as part of the maintenance.
            It will have all of dbatools including internal commands available.
 
        .PARAMETER Once
            Whether the interval should be performed only once.
 
        .PARAMETER Interval
            The interval at which the task should be repeated.
 
        .PARAMETER Delay
            How far after the initial registration should the maintenance script wait before processing this.
            This can be used to delay background stuff that should not content with items that would be good to have as part of the module import.
            Some library specific items can be moved to maintenance if their processing would take too much time on original import, even if it is desirable to have them available as soon as possible.
 
        .PARAMETER Priority
            How important is this task?
            If multiple tasks are due at the same maintenance cycle, the more critical one will be processed first.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Register-DbaMaintenanceTask -Name 'value1' -ScriptBlock $ScriptBlock -Once
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
        $ScriptBlock,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Once")]
        [switch]
        $Once,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Repeating")]
        [System.TimeSpan]
        $Interval,

        [System.TimeSpan]
        $Delay,

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Maintenance.MaintenancePriority]
        $Priority = "Medium",

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    #region Case: Task already registered
    if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Maintenance.MaintenanceHost]::Tasks.ContainsKey($Name.ToLower())) {
        $task = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Maintenance.MaintenanceHost]::Tasks[$Name.ToLower()]
        if ($task.ScriptBlock -ne $ScriptBlock) { $task.ScriptBlock = $ScriptBlock }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Once) { $task.Once = $Once }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Interval) {
            $task.Once = $false
            $task.Interval = $Interval
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Delay) { $task.Delay = $Delay }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Priority) { $task.Priority = $Priority }
    }
    #endregion Case: Task already registered

    #region New Task
    else {
        $task = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Maintenance.MaintenanceTask
        $task.Name = $Name.ToLower()
        $task.ScriptBlock = $ScriptBlock
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Once) { $task.Once = $true }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Interval) {
            if ($Interval.Ticks -le 0) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to register task: $Name - Interval cannot be 0 or less" -Category InvalidArgument
                return
            }
            else { $task.Interval = $Interval }
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Delay) { $task.Delay = $Delay }
        $task.Priority = $Priority
        $task.Registered = Get-Date
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Maintenance.MaintenanceHost]::Tasks[$Name.ToLower()] = $task
    }
    #endregion New Task
}
function Register-DbaRunspace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Registers a scriptblock to run in the background.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        This function registers a scriptblock to run in separate runspace.
        This is different from most runspace solutions, in that it is designed for permanent background tasks that need to be done.
        It guarantees a single copy of the task to run within the powershell process, even when running the same module in many runspaces in parallel.
 
        Updating:
        If this function is called multiple times, targeting the same name, it will update the scriptblock.
        - If that scriptblock is the same as the previous scriptblock, nothing changes
        - If that scriptblock is different from the previous ones, it will be registered, but will not be executed right away!
          Only after stopping and starting the runspace will it operate under the new scriptblock.
 
    .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
        The scriptblock to run in a dedicated runspace
 
    .PARAMETER Name
        The name to register the scriptblock under.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Register-DbaRunspace -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock -Name 'mymodule.maintenance'
 
        Registers the script defined in $scriptBlock under the name 'mymodule.maintenance'
        It does not start the runspace yet. If it already exists, it will overwrite the scriptblock without affecting the running script.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Register-DbaRunspace -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock -Name 'mymodule.maintenance'
        PS C:\> Start-DbaRunspace -Name 'mymodule.maintenance'
 
        Registers the script defined in $scriptBlock under the name 'mymodule.maintenance'
        Then it starts the runspace, running the registered $scriptBlock
#>
    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding = $false)]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Scriptblock]
        $ScriptBlock,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [String]
        $Name,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces.ContainsKey($Name.ToLower())) {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating runspace: $($Name.ToLower())" -Target $Name.ToLower() -EnableException $EnableException
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces[$Name.ToLower()].SetScript($ScriptBlock)
    }
    else {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Registering runspace: $($Name.ToLower())" -Target $Name.ToLower() -EnableException $EnableException
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces[$Name.ToLower()] = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceContainer($Name.ToLower(), $ScriptBlock)
    }
}
function Register-DbaTeppArgumentCompleter {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Registers a parameter for a prestored Tepp.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Registers a parameter for a prestored Tepp.
            This function allows easily registering a function's parameter for Tepp in the function-file, rather than in a centralized location.
 
        .PARAMETER Command
            Name of the command whose parameter should receive Tepp.
            Supports multiple commands at the same time in order to optimize performance.
 
        .PARAMETER Parameter
            Name of the parameter that should be Tepp'ed.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            Name of the Tepp Completioner to use.
            Defaults to the parameter name.
            Best practice requires a Completioner to be named the same as the completed parameter, in which case this parameter needs not be specified.
            However sometimes that may not be universally possible, which is when this parameter comes in.
 
        .PARAMETER All
            Whether this TEPP applies to all commands in dbatools that have the specified parameter.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Register-DbaTeppArgumentCompleter -Command Get-DbaBackupHistory -Parameter Database
 
            Registers the "Database" parameter of the Get-DbaBackupHistory to receive Database-Tepp
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingEmptyCatchBlock", "")]
    param (
        [string[]]$Command,
        [string[]]$Parameter,
        [string]$Name,
        [switch]$All
    )

    #region ScriptBlock
    $scriptBlock = {
        param (
            $commandName,
            $parameterName,
            $wordToComplete,
            $commandAst,
            $fakeBoundParameter
        )

        if ($teppScript = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::GetTeppScript($commandName, $parameterName)) {
            $start = Get-Date
            $teppScript.LastExecution = $start
            $teppScript.LastDuration = New-Object System.TimeSpan(-1) # Null it, just in case. It's a new start.

            try { $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.InvokeScript($true, ([System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]::Create($teppScript.ScriptBlock.ToString())), $null, @($commandName, $parameterName, $wordToComplete, $commandAst, $fakeBoundParameter)) }
            catch { }

            $teppScript.LastDuration = (Get-Date) - $start
        }
    }
    #endregion ScriptBlock

    foreach ($p in $Parameter) {
        $lowername = $PSBoundParameters.Name

        if ($null -eq $lowername) {
            $lowername = $p.ToLower()
        }
        else {
            $lowername = $lowername.ToLower()
        }

        if ($All) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::AddTabCompletionSet("*", $p, $lowername) }
        else {
            foreach ($c in $Command) {
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::AddTabCompletionSet($c, $p, $lowername)
            }
        }

        if ($script:TEPP) {
            TabExpansionPlusPlus\Register-ArgumentCompleter -CommandName $Command -ParameterName $p -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
        }
        else {
            Register-ArgumentCompleter -CommandName $Command -ParameterName $p -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
        }
    }
}
function Register-DbaTeppInstanceCacheBuilder {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Registers a scriptblock used to build the TEPP cache from an instance connection.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Registers a scriptblock used to build the TEPP cache from an instance connection.
            Used only on import of the module.
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The ScriptBlock used to build the cache.
 
            The ScriptBlock may assume the following two variables to exist:
            - $FullSmoName (A string containing the full SMO name as presented by the DbaInstanceParameter class-interpreted input)
            - $server (An SMO connection object)
 
        .PARAMETER Slow
            This switch implies a gathering process that takes too much time to be performed synchronously.
            Basically, when retrieving the information takes more than 25ms on an average server (on top of establishing the original connection), this switch should be set.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Register-DbaTeppInstanceCacheBuilder -ScriptBlock $ScriptBlock
 
            Registers the scriptblock stored in the aptly named variable $ScriptBlock as a fest cache building scriptblock.
            Note: The scriptblock must execute swiftly! (less than 25ms)
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Register-DbaTeppInstanceCacheBuilder -ScriptBlock $ScriptBlock -Slow
 
            Registers the scriptblock stored in the aptly named variable $ScriptBlock as a slow cache building scriptblock.
            This is suitable for cache building scriptblocks that take a while to execute.
 
        .NOTES
            Additional information about the function.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
        $ScriptBlock,

        [switch]
        $Slow
    )

    if ($Slow -and ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppGatherScriptsSlow -notcontains $ScriptBlock)) {
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppGatherScriptsSlow.Add($ScriptBlock)
    }
    elseif ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppGatherScriptsFast -notcontains $ScriptBlock) {
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::TeppGatherScriptsFast.Add($ScriptBlock)
    }
}
function Register-DbaTeppScriptblock {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Registers a scriptblock under name, to later be available for TabExpansion.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Registers a scriptblock under name, to later be available for TabExpansion.
 
        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The scriptblock to register.
 
        .PARAMETER Name
            The name under which the scriptblock should be registered.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Register-DbaTeppScriptblock -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock -Name MyFirstTeppScriptBlock
 
            Stores the scriptblock stored in $scriptBlock under the name "MyFirstTeppScriptBlock"
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
        $ScriptBlock,

        [string]
        $Name
    )

    $scp = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.ScriptContainer
    $scp.Name = $Name.ToLower()
    $scp.ScriptBlock = $ScriptBlock
    $scp.LastDuration = New-TimeSpan -Seconds -1

    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.TabExpansion.TabExpansionHost]::Scripts[$Name.ToLower()] = $scp
}
Function Remove-InvalidFileNameChars {
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,
      Position=0,
      ValueFromPipeline=$true,
      ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true)]
    [String]$Name
  )

  $invalidChars = [IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars() -join ''
  $re = "[{0}]" -f [RegEx]::Escape($invalidChars)
  return ($Name -replace $re)
}
function Remove-SqlDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
    Internal function. Uses SMO's KillDatabase to drop all user connections then drop a database. $server is
    an SMO server object.
    THIS FUNCTION IS HERE BECAUSE OF LEGACY REQUIREMENTS. (Copy-DbaDatabase, Test-DbaLastBackup, Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely)
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$DBName,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    $escapedname = "[$dbname]"

    try {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        $server.KillDatabase($dbname)
        $server.Refresh()
        return "Successfully dropped $dbname on $($server.name)"
    }
    catch {
        try {
            $null = $server.Query("DROP DATABASE $escapedname")
            return "Successfully dropped $dbname on $($server.name)"
        }
        catch {
            try {
                $server.databases[$dbname].Drop()
                $server.Refresh()
                return "Successfully dropped $dbname on $($server.name)"
            }
            catch {
                return $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Resolve-IpAddress {
    # Uses the Beard's method to resolve IPs
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlInstance", "ComputerName", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$Server
    )

    if ($Server.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
        return $ipaddress = ((Test-Connection $Server.NetName -Count 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Ipv4Address).IPAddressToString
    }
    else {
        return $ipaddress = ((Test-Connection $server.Split('\')[0] -Count 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Ipv4Address).IPAddressToString
    }
}
function Resolve-NetBiosName {
    <#
.SYNOPSIS
Internal function. Takes a best guess at the NetBIOS name of a server.
 #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    $servernetbios = $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS

    if ($null -eq $servernetbios) {
        $servernetbios = ($server.name).Split("\")[0]
        $servernetbios = $servernetbios.Split(",")[0]
    }

    return $($servernetbios.ToLower())
}
function Resolve-SqlIpAddress {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    $servernetbios = $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS
    $ipaddr = (Test-Connection $servernetbios -count 1).Ipv4Address
    return $ipaddr
}
function Select-DefaultView {
    <#
 
    This command enables us to send full on objects to the pipeline without the user seeing it
 
    See it in action in Get-DbaSnapshot and Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
 
    a lot of this is from boe, thanks boe!
    https://learn-powershell.net/2013/08/03/quick-hits-set-the-default-property-display-in-powershell-on-custom-objects/
 
    TypeName creates a new type so that we can use ps1xml to modify the output
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object]$InputObject,
        [string[]]$Property,
        [string[]]$ExcludeProperty,
        [string]$TypeName
    )
    process {

        if ($null -eq $InputObject) { return }

        if ($TypeName) {
            $InputObject.PSObject.TypeNames.Insert(0, "dbatools.$TypeName")
        }

        if ($ExcludeProperty) {
            if ($InputObject.GetType().Name.ToString() -eq 'DataRow') {
                $ExcludeProperty += 'Item', 'RowError', 'RowState', 'Table', 'ItemArray', 'HasErrors'
            }

            $properties = ($InputObject.PsObject.Members | Where-Object MemberType -ne 'Method' | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $ExcludeProperty }).Name
            $defaultset = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSPropertySet('DefaultDisplayPropertySet', [string[]]$properties)
        }
        else {
            # property needs to be string
            if ("$property" -like "* as *") {
                $newproperty = @()
                foreach ($p in $property) {
                    if ($p -like "* as *") {
                        $old, $new = $p -isplit " as "
                        # Do not be tempted to not pipe here
                        $inputobject | Add-Member -Force -MemberType AliasProperty -Name $new -Value $old -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        $newproperty += $new
                    }
                    else {
                        $newproperty += $p
                    }
                }
                $property = $newproperty
            }
            $defaultset = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSPropertySet('DefaultDisplayPropertySet', [string[]]$Property)
        }

        $standardmembers = [System.Management.Automation.PSMemberInfo[]]@($defaultset)

        # Do not be tempted to not pipe here
        $inputobject | Add-Member -Force -MemberType MemberSet -Name PSStandardMembers -Value $standardmembers -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        $inputobject
    }
}
function Set-ServiceStartMode {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Implements the method that changes startup mode of the SQL Server service.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
        Accepts objects from Get-DbaSqlService and performs a corresponding action.
 
        .PARAMETER ServiceCollection
        A collection of services from Get-DbaSqlService.
 
        .PARAMETER Mode
        Startup mode of the service: Automatic, Manual or Disabled.
 
        .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
        .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
        .NOTES
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov ( @nvarscar )
 
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Copyright (C) 2017 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
        .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1 | Set-ServiceStartMode -Mode 'Manual'
 
        Sets all SQL services on sql1 to Manual startup.
 
        .EXAMPLE
        $services = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1
        Set-ServiceStartMode -ServiceCollection $services -Mode 'Automatic'
 
        Sets all SQL services on sql1 to Automatic startup.
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [string]$Mode,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
        [object[]]$ServiceCollection
    )
    begin {
        $callStack = Get-PSCallStack
        if ($callStack.Length -gt 1) {
            $callerName = $callStack[1].Command
        }
        else {
            $callerName = $callStack[0].Command
        }
        $ProcessArray = @()
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $ProcessArray += $ServiceCollection
    }
    end {
        $ProcessArray = $ProcessArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.type -in $Type) }
        foreach ($service in $ProcessArray) {
            #Get WMI object
            $Wmi = Get-WmiObject Win32_Service -ComputerName $service.ComputerName -filter "name='$($service.ServiceName)'"
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Wmi, "Changing the Start Mode to $Mode")) {
                $x = $Wmi.ChangeStartMode($Mode)
                if ($x.ReturnValue -ne 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $callerName -Message ("The attempt to $action the service $($job.ServiceName) on $($job.ComputerName) returned the following message: " + (Get-DbaSQLServiceErrorMessage $x.ReturnValue))
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Show-Notification {
    param(
        $Title = "dbatools update",
        $Text = "Version $galleryVersion is now available"
    )
    # ensure the dbatools 'app' exists in registry so that it doesn't immediately disappear from Action Center
    $regpath = 'HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Notifications\Settings'
    $appid = "dbatools"

    if (!(Test-Path -Path "$regpath\$appid")) {
        Write-Verbose "Adding required registry entry at $("$regpath\$appid")"
        $null = New-Item -Path $regpath -Name $appid
        $null = New-ItemProperty -Path "$regpath\$appid" -Name 'ShowInActionCenter' -Value 1 -PropertyType 'DWORD'
    }

    $null = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager, Windows.UI.Notifications, ContentType = WindowsRuntime]
    $templateType = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastTemplateType]::ToastImageAndText02
    $template = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager]::GetTemplateContent($templateType)

    $toastXml = [xml]$template.GetXml()
    $toastTextElements = $toastXml.GetElementsByTagName("text")

    $null = $toastTextElements[0].AppendChild($toastXml.CreateTextNode($Title))
    $null = $toastTextElements[1].AppendChild($toastXml.CreateTextNode($Text))

    $image = $toastXml.GetElementsByTagName("image")
    $base = $module.ModuleBase

    $image.setAttribute("src", "$base\bin\thor.png")
    $image.setAttribute("alt", "thor")

    $xml = New-Object Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument
    $xml.LoadXml($toastXml.OuterXml)

    $toast = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotification]::new($xml)
    $toast.Tag = "PowerShell"
    $toast.Group = "dbatools"
    $null = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager]::CreateToastNotifier("dbatools").Show($toast)
}
function Start-DbaRunspace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts a managed runspace
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Starts a runspace that was registered to dbatools
        Simply registering does not automatically start a given runspace. Only by executing this function will it take effect.
 
    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the registered runspace to launch
 
    .PARAMETER Runspace
        The runspace to launch. Returned by Get-DbaRunspace
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaRunspace -Name 'mymodule.maintenance'
 
        Starts the runspace registered under the name 'mymodule.maintenance'
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceContainer[]]
        $Runspace,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($item in $Name) {
            # Ignore all output from Get-PSFRunspace - it'll be handled by the second loop
            if ($item -eq "Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.runspacecontainer") { continue }

            if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces.ContainsKey($item.ToLower())) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting runspace: $($item.ToLower())" -Target $item.ToLower()
                    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces[$item.ToLower()].Start()
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to start runspace: $($item.ToLower())" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $item.ToLower() -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to start runspace: $($item.ToLower()) | No runspace registered under this name!" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument -Tag "fail", "argument", "runspace", "start" -Target $item.ToLower() -Continue
            }
        }

        foreach ($item in $Runspace) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting runspace: $($item.Name.ToLower())" -Target $item
                $item.Start()
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to start runspace: $($item.Name.ToLower())" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $item -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbccCheck {
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [object]$server,
        [string]$dbname,
        [switch]$table
    )

    $servername = $server.name

    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $servername")) {
        if ($server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0 -ne 0) {
            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
        }

        try {
            if ($table) {
                $null = $server.databases[$dbname].CheckTables('None')
                Write-Verbose "Dbcc CheckTables finished successfully for $dbname on $servername"
            }
            else {
                $null = $server.Query("DBCC CHECKDB ([$dbname])")
                Write-Verbose "Dbcc CHECKDB finished successfully for $dbname on $servername"
            }
            return "Success"
        }
        catch {
            $message = $_.Exception
            if ($null -ne $_.Exception.InnerException) { $message = $_.Exception.InnerException }

            # english cleanup only sorry
            try {
                $newmessage = ($message -split "at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ConnectionManager.ExecuteTSql")[0]
                $newmessage = ($newmessage -split "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ExecutionFailureException:")[1]
                $newmessage = ($newmessage -replace "An exception occurred while executing a Transact-SQL statement or batch. ---> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException:").Trim()
                $message = $newmessage
            }
            catch {
                $null
            }
            return $message.Trim()
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaRunspace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops a managed runspace
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops a runspace that was registered to dbatools.
        Will not cause errors if the runspace is already halted.
 
        Runspaces may not automatically terminate immediately when calling this function.
        Depending on the implementation of the scriptblock, this may in fact take a little time.
        If the scriptblock hasn't finished and terminated the runspace in a seemingly time, it will be killed by the system.
        This timeout is by default 30 seconds, but can be altered by using the Configuration System.
        For example, this line will increase the timeout to 60 seconds:
        Set-DbaConfig Runspace.StopTimeout 60
 
    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the registered runspace to stop
 
    .PARAMETER Runspace
        The runspace to stop. Returned by Get-DbaRunspace
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaRunspace -Name 'mymodule.maintenance'
 
        Stops the runspace registered under the name 'mymodule.maintenance'
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceContainer[]]
        $Runspace,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($item in $Name) {
            # Ignore all output from Get-PSFRunspace - it'll be handled by the second loop
            if ($item -eq "Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.runspacecontainer") { continue }

            if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces.ContainsKey($item.ToLower())) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Stopping runspace: $($item.ToLower())" -Target $item.ToLower()
                    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Runspace.RunspaceHost]::Runspaces[$item.ToLower()].Stop()
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to stop runspace: $($item.ToLower())" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $item.ToLower() -Continue
                }
            }
            else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to stop runspace: $($item.ToLower()) | No runspace registered under this name!" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument -Target $item.ToLower() -Continue
            }
        }

        foreach ($item in $Runspace) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Stopping runspace: $($item.Name.ToLower())" -Target $item
                $item.Stop()
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to stop runspace: $($item.Name.ToLower())" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $item -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Stop-Function {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Function that interrupts a function.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Function that interrupts a function.
 
            This function is a utility function used by other functions to reduce error catching overhead.
            It is designed to allow gracefully terminating a function with a warning by default and also allow opt-in into terminating errors.
            It also allows simple integration into loops.
 
            Note:
            When calling this function with the intent to terminate the calling function in non-EnableException mode too, you need to add a return below the call.
 
        .PARAMETER Message
            A message to pass along, explaining just what the error was.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER Category
            What category does this termination belong to?
            Mandatory so long as no inner exception is passed.
 
        .PARAMETER ErrorRecord
            An option to include an inner exception in the error record (and in the exception thrown, if one is thrown).
            Use this, whenever you call Stop-Function in a catch block.
 
            Note:
            Pass the full error record, not just the exception.
 
        .PARAMETER FunctionName
            The name of the function to crash.
            This parameter is very optional, since it automatically selects the name of the calling function.
            The function name is used as part of the errorid.
            That in turn allows easily figuring out, which exception belonged to which function when checking out the $error variable.
 
        .PARAMETER Target
            The object that was processed when the error was thrown.
            For example, if you were trying to process a Database Server object when the processing failed, add the object here.
            This object will be in the error record (which will be written, even in non-EnableException mode, just won't show it).
            If you specify such an object, it becomes simple to actually figure out, just where things failed at.
 
        .PARAMETER Exception
            Allows specifying an inner exception as input object. This will be passed on to the logging and used for messages.
            When specifying both ErrorRecord AND Exception, Exception wins, but ErrorRecord is still used for record metadata.
 
        .PARAMETER OverrideExceptionMessage
            Disables automatic appending of exception messages.
            Use in cases where you already have a speaking message interpretation and do not need the original message.
 
        .PARAMETER Continue
            This will cause the function to call continue while not running silently.
            Useful when mass-processing items where an error shouldn't break the loop.
 
        .PARAMETER SilentlyContinue
            This will cause the function to call continue while running silently.
            Useful when mass-processing items where an error shouldn't break the loop.
 
        .PARAMETER ContinueLabel
            When specifying a label in combination with "-Continue" or "-SilentlyContinue", this function will call continue with this specified label.
            Helpful when trying to continue on an upper level named loop.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-Function -Message "Foo failed bar!" -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_
            return
 
            Depending on whether $EnableException is true or false it will:
            - Throw a bloody terminating error. Game over.
            - Write a nice warning about how Foo failed bar, then terminate the function. The return on the next line will then end the calling function.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Stop-Function -Message "Foo failed bar!" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidOperation -Target $foo -Continue
 
            Depending on whether $silent is true or false it will:
            - Throw a bloody terminating error. Game over.
            - Write a nice warning about how Foo failed bar, then call continue to process the next item in the loop.
            In both cases, the error record added to $error will have the content of $foo added, the better to figure out what went wrong.
    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Plain')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Message,

        [bool]
        [Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException = $EnableException,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Plain')]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Exception')]
        [System.Management.Automation.ErrorCategory]
        $Category = ([System.Management.Automation.ErrorCategory]::NotSpecified),

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Exception')]
        [Alias('InnerErrorRecord')]
        [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord[]]
        $ErrorRecord,

        [string]
        $FunctionName = ((Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command),

        [object]
        $Target,

        [System.Exception]
        $Exception,

        [switch]
        $OverrideExceptionMessage,

        [switch]
        $Continue,

        [switch]
        $SilentlyContinue,

        [string]
        $ContinueLabel
    )

    #region Handle Input Objects
    if ($Target) {
        $targetType = $Target.GetType().FullName

        switch ($targetType) {
            "Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter" { $targetToAdd = $Target.InstanceName }
            "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server" { $targetToAdd = ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter]$Target).InstanceName }
            default { $targetToAdd = $Target }
        }
        if ($targetToAdd.GetType().FullName -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.*") { $targetToAdd = $targetToAdd.ToString() }
    }
    #endregion Handle Input Objects

    $records = @()

    if ($ErrorRecord -or $Exception) {
        if ($ErrorRecord) {
            foreach ($record in $ErrorRecord) {
                if (-not $Exception) { $newException = New-Object System.Exception($record.Exception.Message, $record.Exception) }
                else { $newException = $Exception }
                if ($record.CategoryInfo.Category) { $Category = $record.CategoryInfo.Category }
                $records += New-Object System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord($newException, "dbatools_$FunctionName", $Category, $targetToAdd)
            }
        }
        else {
            $records += New-Object System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord($Exception, "dbatools_$FunctionName", $Category, $targetToAdd)
        }

        # Manage Debugging
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $Message -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $FunctionName -Target $targetToAdd -ErrorRecord $records -OverrideExceptionMessage:$OverrideExceptionMessage
    }
    else {
        $exception = New-Object System.Exception($Message)
        $records += New-Object System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord($Exception, "dbatools_$FunctionName", $Category, $targetToAdd)

        # Manage Debugging
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $Message -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $FunctionName -Target $targetToAdd -ErrorRecord $records -OverrideExceptionMessage:$true
    }



    #region EnableException Mode
    if ($EnableException) {
        if ($SilentlyContinue) {
            foreach ($record in $records) { Write-Error -Message $record -Category $Category -TargetObject $targetToAdd -Exception $record.Exception -ErrorId "dbatools_$FunctionName" -ErrorAction Continue }
            if ($ContinueLabel) { continue $ContinueLabel }
            else { Continue }
        }

        # Extra insurance that it'll stop
        Set-Variable -Name "__dbatools_interrupt_function_78Q9VPrM6999g6zo24Qn83m09XF56InEn4hFrA8Fwhu5xJrs6r" -Scope 1 -Value $true

        # Removed the bottom below because it should be up to the developer to tell the user if its continuing or what
        # It also seems like it's terminating the function as a whole, even if it continues on to the next server
        # Write-Message -Message "Terminating function!" -Level 9 -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $FunctionName


        throw $records[0]
    }
    #endregion EnableException Mode

    #region Non-EnableException Mode
    else {
        # This ensures that the error is stored in the $error variable AND has its Stacktrace (simply adding the record would lack the stacktrace)
        foreach ($record in $records) {
            $null = Write-Error -Message $record -Category $Category -TargetObject $targetToAdd -Exception $record.Exception -ErrorId "dbatools_$FunctionName" -ErrorAction Continue 2>&1
        }

        if ($Continue) {
            if ($ContinueLabel) { continue $ContinueLabel }
            else { Continue }
        }
        else {
            # Make sure the function knows it should be stopping
            Set-Variable -Name "__dbatools_interrupt_function_78Q9VPrM6999g6zo24Qn83m09XF56InEn4hFrA8Fwhu5xJrs6r" -Scope 1 -Value $true

            # Removed the bottom below because it should be up to the developer to tell the user if its continuing or what
            # It also seems like it's terminating the function as a whole, even if it continues on to the next server
            # Write-Message -Message "Terminating function!" -Warning -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $FunctionName
            return
        }
    }
    #endregion Non-EnableException Mode
}
function Test-Bound {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Helperfunction that tests, whether a parameter was bound.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Helperfunction that tests, whether a parameter was bound.
 
        .PARAMETER ParameterName
            The name(s) of the parameter that is tested for being bound.
            By default, the check is true when AT LEAST one was bound.
 
        .PARAMETER Not
            Reverses the result. Returns true if NOT bound and false if bound.
 
        .PARAMETER And
            All specified parameters must be present, rather than at least one of them.
 
        .PARAMETER BoundParameters
            The hashtable of bound parameters. Is automatically inherited from the calling function via default value. Needs not be bound explicitly.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            if (Test-Bound "Day")
            {
 
            }
 
            Snippet as part of a function. Will check whether the parameter "Day" was bound. If yes, whatever logic is in the conditional will be executed.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-Bound -Not 'Login', 'Spid', 'ExcludeSpid', 'Host', 'Program', 'Database'
 
            Returns whether none of the parameters above were specified.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            Test-Bound -And 'Login', 'Spid', 'ExcludeSpid', 'Host', 'Program', 'Database'
 
            Returns whether any of the specified parameters was not bound
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0)]
        [string[]]
        $ParameterName,

        [Alias('Reverse')]
        [switch]
        $Not,

        [switch]
        $And,

        [object]
        $BoundParameters = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].InvocationInfo.BoundParameters
    )

    if ($And) {
        $test = $true
    }
    else {
        $test = $false
    }

    foreach ($name in $ParameterName) {
        if ($And) {
            if (-not $BoundParameters.ContainsKey($name)) { $test = $false }
        }
        else {
            if ($BoundParameters.ContainsKey($name)) { $test = $true }
        }
    }

    return ((-not $Not) -eq $test)
}
function Test-ComputerTarget {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Validates wheher the input string can be legally used to target a computer.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Validates whether the input string can be legally used to target a computer.
        It will consider:
        - Names (NETBIOS/dns)
        - IPv4 Addresses
        - IPv6 Addresses
        It will resolve idn names into default ascii names according to the official rules, before rendering judgement.
 
    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The name to verify
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-ComputerTarget -ComputerName 'server1'
 
        Will test whether 'server1' is a legal computername (hint: it is)
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> "foo", "bar", "foo bar" | Test-ComputerTarget
 
        Will test, whether the names passed to it are legal targets.
        - The first two will pass, the last one will fail
        - Note that it will only return boolean values, so the order needs to be remembered (due to this, using it by pipeline on more than one object is not really recommended).
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
        [string[]]
        $ComputerName
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.Validation]::IsValidComputerTarget($ComputerName)
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDeprecation {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Tests whether a function or one of its parameters was called by a bad name.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Tests whether a function or one of its parameters was called by a bad name.
            This allows giving deprecation warnings - once per session - whenever a user uses something we are planning on removing.
 
            For example, when renaming a function, we give a grace period by adding an Alias for that function with its old name.
            However, we do not want to carry along this alias forever, so we give warning ahead of time using this function.
            When reaching the specified version, we then can safely remove the alias.
 
            Furthermore, this function is used for testing, whether such a removal was properly done.
 
        .PARAMETER DeprecatedOn
            The version this parameter or alias will be removed in.
            Generally, deprecated parameters and aliases should only be removed on major releases.
 
        .PARAMETER FunctionName
            Automatically filled with the calling function.
            The name of the function that contains either a deprecated alias or parameter.
 
        .PARAMETER Call
            The InvocationInfo of the calling function.
            Automatically filled.
 
        .PARAMETER Parameter
            The parameter that has become deprecated.
            On renamed parameters, keep a parameter-alias. This function will notice, when the alias is used.
 
        .PARAMETER Alias
            The alias of the command that will be deprecated.
 
        .PARAMETER CustomMessage
            This function will generate a default message. However, this may not always be appropriate.
            Use CustomMessage to tailor a response to the necessity of the moment.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0.0" -Parameter 'Details'
 
            Will - once per session - complain if the parameter 'Details' is used.
            Will cause tests to fail, if it's still in the code after release 1.0.0.0.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0.0" -Alias Copy-SqlDatabase
 
            Will - once per session - complain if the alias 'Copy-SqlDatabase' is used.
            Will cause tests to fail, if it's still in the code after release 1.0.0.0.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Version]
        $DeprecatedOn,

        [string]
        $FunctionName = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command,

        [object]
        $Call = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].InvocationInfo,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Param", Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Parameter,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Alias", Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Alias,

        [string]
        $CustomMessage,

        [bool]
        [Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException = $EnableException
    )

    switch ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
        "Param" {
            $ast = [System.Management.Automation.Language.Parser]::ParseInput($Call.Line, [ref]$null, [ref]$null)
            $objects = $ast.FindAll( { $args[0] -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst] }, $true)
            $sub = $objects | Where-Object Parent -Like "$($Call.InvocationName)*" | Select-Object -First 1

            if ($sub.CommandElements | Where-Object ParameterName -eq $Parameter) {
                if ($CustomMessage) { $Message = $CustomMessage }
                else { $Message = "Using the parameter $Parameter is deprecated. This parameter will be removed in version $DeprecatedOn, check in the documentation what parameter to use instead" }

                Write-Message -Message $Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $FunctionName -Once "Deprecated.Alias.$Alias"
            }
        }

        "Alias" {
            if ($Alias -eq $Call.InvocationName) {
                if ($CustomMessage) { $Message = $CustomMessage }
                else { $Message = "Using the alias $Alias is deprecated. This alias will be removed in version $DeprecatedOn, use $FunctionName instead" }

                Write-Message -Message $Message -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $FunctionName -Once "Deprecated.Alias.$Alias"
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaLsnChain {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Checks that a filtered array from Get-FilteredRestore contains a restorabel chain of LSNs
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Finds the anchoring Full backup (or multiple if it's a striped set).
        Then filters to ensure that all the backups are from that anchor point (LastLSN) and that they're all on the same RecoveryForkID
        Then checks that we have either enough Diffs and T-log backups to get to where we want to go. And checks that there is no break between
        LastLSN and FirstLSN in sequential files
 
    .PARAMETER FilteredRestoreFiles
        This is just an object consisting of the output from Read-DbaBackupHeader. Normally this will have been filtered down to a restorable chain
        before arriving here. (ie; only 1 anchoring Full backup)
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
        Tags:
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaLsnChain -FilteredRestoreFiles $FilteredFiles
 
        Checks that the Restore chain in $FilteredFiles is complete and can be fully restored
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$FilteredRestoreFiles,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )


    begin {
        #Need to anchor with full backup:
        $TestHistory = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($bh in $FilteredRestoreFiles) {
            $TestHistory += $bh
        }
    }
    end {
        if ($continue) {
            return $true
        }
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing LSN Chain"
        if ($null -eq $TestHistory[0].BackupTypeDescription) {
            $TypeName = 'Type'
        }
        else {
            $TypeName = "BackupTypeDescription"
        }
        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Testing LSN Chain - Type $typename"
        $FullDBAnchor = $TestHistory | Where-Object {$_.$TypeName -in ('Database', 'Full') }

        if (($FullDBAnchor | Group-Object -Property FirstLSN | Measure-Object).Count -ne 1) {
            $cnt = ($FullDBAnchor | Group-Object -Property FirstLSN | Measure-Object).Count
            foreach ($tFile in $FullDBAnchor) {
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$($tfile.FirstLsn) - $($tfile.TypeName)"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "db count = $cnt"
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "More than 1 full backup from a different LSN, or less than 1, neither supported"

            return $false
            break;
        }

        #Via LSN chain:
        [BigInt]$CheckPointLSN = ($FullDBAnchor | Select-Object -First 1).CheckPointLSN.ToString()
        [BigInt]$FullDBLastLSN = ($FullDBAnchor | Select-Object -First 1).LastLSN.ToString()
        $BackupWrongLSN = $FilteredRestoreFiles | Where-Object {$_.DatabaseBackupLSN -ne $CheckPointLSN}
        #Should be 0 in there, if not, lets check that they're from during the full backup
        if ($BackupWrongLSN.count -gt 0 ) {
            if (($BackupWrongLSN | Where-Object {[BigInt]$_.LastLSN.ToString() -lt $FullDBLastLSN}).count -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "We have non matching LSNs - not supported"
                return $false
                break;
            }
        }
        $DiffAnchor = $TestHistory | Where-Object {$_.$TypeName -in ('Database Differential', 'Differential')}
        #Check for no more than a single Differential backup
        if (($DiffAnchor.FirstLSN | Select-Object -unique | Measure-Object).count -gt 1) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "More than 1 differential backup, not supported"
            return $false
            break;
        }
        elseif (($DiffAnchor | Measure-Object).Count -eq 1) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Found a diff file, setting Log Anchor"
            $TlogAnchor = $DiffAnchor
        }
        else {
            $TlogAnchor = $FullDBAnchor
        }


        #Check T-log LSNs form a chain.
        $TranLogBackups = $TestHistory | Where-Object {$_.$TypeName -in ('Transaction Log', 'Log') -and $_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $FullDBAnchor.CheckPointLSN} | Sort-Object -Property LastLSN, FirstLsn
        for ($i = 0; $i -lt ($TranLogBackups.count)) {
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "looping t logs"
            if ($i -eq 0) {
                if ($TranLogBackups[$i].FirstLSN -gt $TlogAnchor.LastLSN) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Break in LSN Chain between $($TlogAnchor.FullName) and $($TranLogBackups[($i)].FullName) "
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Anchor $($TlogAnchor.LastLSN) - FirstLSN $($TranLogBackups[$i].FirstLSN)"
                    return $false
                    break
                }
            }
            else {
                if ($TranLogBackups[($i - 1)].LastLsn -ne $TranLogBackups[($i)].FirstLSN -and ($TranLogBackups[($i)] -ne $TranLogBackups[($i - 1)])) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Break in transaction log between $($TranLogBackups[($i-1)].FullName) and $($TranLogBackups[($i)].FullName) "
                    return $false
                    break
                }
            }
            $i++

        }
        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Passed LSN Chain checks"
        return $true
    }
}
function Test-DbaRestoreVersion {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Checks that the restore files are from a version of SQL Server that can be restored on the target version
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Finds the anchoring Full backup (or multiple if it's a striped set).
        Then filters to ensure that all the backups are from that anchor point (LastLSN) and that they're all on the same RecoveryForkID
        Then checks that we have either enough Diffs and T-log backups to get to where we want to go. And checks that there is no break between
        LastLSN and FirstLSN in sequential files
 
    .PARAMETER FilteredRestoreFiles
        This is just an object consisting of the output from Read-DbaBackupHeader. Normally this will have been filtered down to a restorable chain
        before arriving here. (ie; only 1 anchoring Full backup)
 
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Sql Server Instance against which the restore is going to be performed
 
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential for connecting to SqlInstance
 
    .PARAMETER SystemDatabaseRestore
        Switch when restoring system databases
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
        Tags:
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaRestoreVersion -FilteredRestoreFiles $FilteredFiles -SqlInstance server1\instance1
 
        Checks that the Restore chain in $FilteredFiles is compatible with the SQL Server version of server1\instance1
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [object[]]$FilteredRestoreFiles,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$SystemDatabaseRestore
    )
    $RestoreVersion = ($FilteredRestoreFiles.SoftwareVersionMajor | Measure-Object -average).average
    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "RestoreVersion is $RestoreVersion"
    #Test to make sure we don't have an upgrade mid backup chain, there's a reason I'm paranoid..
    if ([int]$RestoreVersion -ne $RestoreVersion) {
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Version number change during backups - $RestoreVersion"
        return $false
        break
    }
    #Can't restore backwards
    try {
        if ($SqlInstance -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject]) {
            $Newconnection = $true
            $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        else {
            $server = $SqlInstance
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
        break
    }

    if ($SystemDatabaseRestore) {
        if ($RestoreVersion -ne $Server.VersionMajor) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "For System Database restore versions must match)"
            return $false
            break
        }
    }
    else {
        if ($RestoreVersion -gt $Server.VersionMajor) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backups are from a newer version of SQL Server than $($Server.Name)"
            return $false
            break
        }

        if (($Server.VersionMajor -gt 10 -and $RestoreVersion -lt 9)  ) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This version - $RestoreVersion - too old to restore on to $($Server.Name)"
            return $false
            break
        }
    }
    if ($Newconnection) {
        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
    }
    return $True
}

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Test-ElevationRequirement {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Command that tests, whether the process runs elevated and has to run as such.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            Command that tests, whether the process runs elevated and has to run as such.
            Some commands require to be run elevated, when executed against localhost, but not when run against a remote computer.
            This command handles that test and manages the reaction to it.
 
        .PARAMETER ComputerName
            The computer that is being targeted by the calling command.
            This must be a localhost variety, for it to be able to fail.
 
        .PARAMETER Continue
            When using the native capability to terminate on fail, this will call continue in non-EnableException mode.
 
        .PARAMETER ContinueLabel
            When using the native capability to terminate on fail, and using a continue mode, the continue will continue with this label.
 
        .PARAMETER SilentlyContinue
            When using the native capability to terminate on fail, this will call continue in EnableException mode.
 
        .PARAMETER NoStop
            Does not call stop-function when the test fails, rather only returns $false instead
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue
 
            This will test whether the currently processed instance is localhost and the process is running elevated.
            If it should have elevation but is not running with elevation:
            - In silent mode it will termiante with an exception
            - In default mode, it will continue with the next instance
 
        .EXAMPLE
            if (-not ( Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -NoStop)) {
                # Do whatever
            }
 
        This will test whether the currently processed instance is localhost and the process is running elevated.
        If it isn't running elevated but should be, the overall condition will be met and the if-block is executed.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Stop')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]
        $ComputerName,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Stop')]
        [switch]
        $Continue,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Stop')]
        [string]
        $ContinueLabel,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Stop')]
        [switch]
        $SilentlyContinue,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NoStop')]
        [switch]
        $NoStop,

        [bool]
        [Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException = $EnableException
    )

    $isElevated = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
    $testResult = $true
    if ($ComputerName.IsLocalHost -and (-not $isElevated)) { $testResult = $false }

    if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "NoStop") {
        return $testResult
    }
    elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "Stop") {
        if ($testResult) { return $testResult }

        $splatStopFunction = @{
            Message = "Console not elevated, but elevation is required to perform some actions on localhost for this command."
        }

        if (Test-Bound "Continue") { $splatStopFunction["Continue"] = $Continue }
        if (Test-Bound "ContinueLabel") { $splatStopFunction["ContinueLabel"] = $ContinueLabel }
        if (Test-Bound "SilentlyContinue") { $splatStopFunction["SilentlyContinue"] = $SilentlyContinue }

        . Stop-Function @splatStopFunction -FunctionName (Get-PSCallStack)[1].Command
        return $testResult
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Test-FunctionInterrupt {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Internal tool, used to gracefully interrupt a function.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This helper function is designed to work in tandem with Stop-Function.
            When gracefully terminating a function, there is a major issue:
            "Return" will only stop the current one of the three blocks (Begin, Process, End).
            All other statements have side effects or produce lots of red text.
 
            So, Stop-Function writes a variable into the parent scope, that signals the function should cease.
            This function then checks for that very variable and returns true if it is set.
 
            This avoids having to handle odd variables in the parent function and causes the least impact on contributors.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
 
            The calling function will stop if this function returns true.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (

    )

    $var = Get-Variable -Name "__dbatools_interrupt_function_78Q9VPrM6999g6zo24Qn83m09XF56InEn4hFrA8Fwhu5xJrs6r" -Scope 1 -ErrorAction Ignore
    if ($var.Value) { return $true }

    return $false
}
function Test-HostOSLinux {
    param (
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$sqlcredential
    )

    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
    $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("SELECT @@VERSION") -match "Linux"
}
#requires -version 3.0

function Test-PSRemoting {
    <#
    Jeff Hicks
    https://www.petri.com/test-network-connectivity-powershell-test-connection-cmdlet
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUsePSCredentialType", "")]
    [Cmdletbinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance]$ComputerName,
        $Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Testing $($ComputerName.Computername)"
        try {
            $null = Test-WSMan -ComputerName $ComputerName.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -Authentication Default -ErrorAction Stop
            $true
        }
        catch {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing $($ComputerName.Computername)" -Target $ComputerName -ErrorRecord $_
            $false
        }

    } #process

} #close function
function Test-SqlAgent {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Checks to see if SQL Server Agent is running on a server.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    if ($SqlInstance.GetType() -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
        $SqlInstance = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }

    if ($null -eq $SqlInstance.JobServer) { return $false }
    try { $null = $SqlInstance.JobServer.script(); return $true }
    catch { return $false }
}
function Test-SqlLoginAccess {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Ensures login has access on SQL Server.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Login
        #[switch]$Detailed - can return if its a login or just has access
    )

    if ($SqlInstance.GetType() -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
        $SqlInstance = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }

    if (($SqlInstance.Logins.Name) -notcontains $Login) {
        try {
            $rows = $SqlInstance.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("EXEC xp_logininfo '$Login'")

            if (($rows | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0) {
                return $false
            }
        }
        catch {
            return $false
        }
    }
    return $true
}
function Test-SqlQueryComplete {
    param (
        [Alias("SqlInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$server,
        [string]$sql,
        [switch]$checkpid
    )

    if ($checkpid) {
        $sqlpid = " and session_id = $sqlpid"
    }

    $sqlpid = $server.ConnectionContext.ProcessID
    $sqlpid = " and session_id = $sqlpid"
    $sql = $sql.Replace("'", "''")
    $testsql = "select sqltext.text FROM sys.dm_exec_requests req CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) AS sqltext where text = '$sql' $sqlpid"

    if ($server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($testsql) -ne $null) {
        return $false
    }
    else {
        return $true
    }
}
function Test-SqlSa {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Ensures sysadmin account access on SQL Server.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    try {

        if ($SqlInstance.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
            return ($SqlInstance.ConnectionContext.FixedServerRoles -match "SysAdmin")
        }

        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        return ($server.ConnectionContext.FixedServerRoles -match "SysAdmin")
    }
    catch { return $false }
}
function Update-ServiceStatus {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Sends start/stop request to a SQL Server service and wait for the result.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Accepts objects from Get-DbaSqlService and performs a corresponding action.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.
 
    .PARAMETER Timeout
        How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on.
 
    .PARAMETER ServiceCollection
        A collection of services from Get-DbaSqlService
 
    .PARAMETER Action
        Start or stop.
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
 
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
 
    .NOTES
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov ( @nvarscar )
        Tags:
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $serviceCollection = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1
        Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $serviceCollection -Action 'stop' -Timeout 30
        Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $serviceCollection -Action 'start' -Timeout 30
 
        Restarts SQL services on sql1
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $serviceCollection = Get-DbaSqlService -ComputerName sql1
        $credential = Get-Credential
        Update-ServiceStatus -ServiceCollection $serviceCollection -Action 'stop' -Timeout 0 -Credential $credential
 
        Stops SQL services on sql1 and waits indefinitely for them to stop. Uses $credential to authorize on the server.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param(
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
        [object[]]$ServiceCollection,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string[]]$Action,
        [int]$Timeout = 30,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [bool][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $callStack = Get-PSCallStack
        if ($callStack.Length -gt 1) {
            $callerName = $callStack[1].Command
        }
        else {
            $callerName = $callStack[0].Command
        }
        #Prepare the service control script block
        $svcControlBlock = {
            param (
                $server,
                $service,
                $action,
                $timeout,
                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $credential
            )

            #Perform $action
            if ($action -in 'start', 'restart') {
                $methodName = 'StartService'
                $desiredState = 'Running'
                $undesiredState = 'Stopped'
            }
            elseif ($action -eq 'stop') {
                $methodName = 'StopService'
                $desiredState = 'Stopped'
                $undesiredState = 'Running'
            }
            #Get CIM object
            try {
                $svc = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $server -Namespace "root\cimv2" -query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Service WHERE name = '$service'" -Credential $credential
            }
            catch {
                throw $_
                break
            }
            #Invoke corresponding CIM method
            $x = Invoke-CimMethod -InputObject $svc -MethodName $methodName

            $result = [psobject](@{} | Select-Object ExitCode, ServiceState)
            #If command was not accepted
            if ($x.ReturnValue -ne 0) {
                $result.ExitCode = $x.ReturnValue
                $result.ServiceState = $svc.State
            }
            else {
                $startTime = Get-Date
                #Wait for the service to complete the action until timeout
                while ($true) {
                    try {
                        $svc = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $server -Namespace "root\cimv2" -query "SELECT State FROM Win32_Service WHERE name = '$service'" -Credential $credential
                    }
                    catch {
                        throw $_
                        break
                    }
                    $result.ServiceState = $svc.State
                    #Succeeded
                    if ($svc.State -eq $desiredState) { $result.ExitCode = 0; break }
                    #Failed after being in the Pending state
                    if ($pending -and $svc.State -eq $undesiredState) { $result.ExitCode = -2; break }
                    #Timed out
                    if ($timeout -gt 0 -and ((Get-Date) - $startTime).TotalSeconds -gt $timeout) { $result.ExitCode = -1; break}
                    #Still pending
                    if ($svc.State -like '*Pending') { $pending = $true }
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
                }
            }
            $result
        }

        $actionText = switch ($action) { stop { 'stopped' }; start { 'started' }; restart { 'restarted' } }
        #Setup initial session state
        $InitialSessionState = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
        $InitialSessionState.ImportPSModule((get-module dbatools).modulebase + '\dbatools.psd1')
        #Create Runspace pool, min - 1, max - 50 sessions
        $runspacePool = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspacePool(1, 50, $InitialSessionState, $Host)
        $runspacePool.Open()
    }

    process {
        $threads = @()

        #Get priorities on which the service startup/shutdown order is based
        $servicePriorityCollection = $ServiceCollection.ServicePriority | Select-Object -unique | Sort-Object -Property @{ Expression = { [int]$_ }; Descending = $action -ne 'stop' }
        foreach ($priority in $servicePriorityCollection) {
            foreach ($service in ($ServiceCollection | Where-Object { $_.ServicePriority -eq $priority })) {
                if ('dbatools.DbaSqlService' -in $service.PSObject.TypeNames) {
                    if (($service.State -eq 'Running' -and $action -eq 'start') -or ($service.State -eq 'Stopped' -and $action -eq 'stop')) {
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName Status -NotePropertyValue 'Successful'
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName Message -NotePropertyValue "The service is already $actionText, no action required"
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $service -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, State, Status, Message
                    }
                    elseif ($service.StartMode -eq 'Disabled' -and $action -in 'start', 'restart') {
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName Status -NotePropertyValue 'Failed'
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName Message -NotePropertyValue "The service is disabled and cannot be $actionText"
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $service -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, State, Status, Message
                    }
                    else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Sending $action request to service $($service.ServiceName) on $($service.ComputerName)")) {
                            #Create parameters hashtable
                            $argsRunPool = @{
                                server     = $service.computerName
                                service    = $service.ServiceName
                                action     = $action
                                timeout    = $Timeout
                                credential = $Credential
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sending $action request to service $($service.ServiceName) on $($service.ComputerName) with timeout $Timeout"
                            #Create new runspace thread
                            $thread = [powershell]::Create()
                            $thread.RunspacePool = $runspacePool
                            $thread.AddScript($svcControlBlock) | Out-Null
                            $thread.AddParameters($argsRunPool) | Out-Null
                            #Start the thread
                            $handle = $thread.BeginInvoke()
                            $threads += [pscustomobject]@{
                                handle       = $handle
                                thread       = $thread
                                serviceName  = $service.ServiceName
                                computerName = $service.ComputerName
                                isRetrieved  = $false
                                started      = Get-Date
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    Stop-Function -FunctionName $callerName -Message "Unknown object in pipeline - make sure to use Get-DbaSqlService cmdlet" -EnableException $EnableException
                    Return
                }
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Waiting for the services to $action")) {
                #Get job execution results
                while ($threads | Where-Object { $_.isRetrieved -eq $false }) {
                    foreach ($thread in ($threads | Where-Object { $_.isRetrieved -eq $false })) {
                        if ($thread.Handle.IsCompleted -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing runspace thread results from service $($thread.ServiceName) on $($thread.ComputerName)"
                            $jobResult = $null
                            try {
                                $jobResult = $thread.thread.EndInvoke($thread.handle)
                            }
                            catch {
                                $jobError = $_
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Could not return data from the runspace thread: " + $_.Exception.Message)
                            }
                            $thread.isRetrieved = $true
                            if ($thread.thread.HadErrors) {
                                if (!$jobError) { $jobError = $thread.thread.Streams.Error }
                                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $callerName -Message ("The attempt to $action the service $($thread.ServiceName) on $($thread.ComputerName) returned the following error: " + ($jobError.Exception.Message -join ' ')) -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $thread.thread.Streams.Error -Target $thread -Continue
                            }
                            elseif (!$jobResult) {
                                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -FunctionName $callerName -Message ("The attempt to $action the service $($thread.ServiceName) on $($thread.ComputerName) did not return any results") -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $thread -Continue
                            }
                            #Find a corresponding service object
                            $outObject = $ServiceCollection | Where-Object { $_.ServiceName -eq $thread.serviceName -and $_.ComputerName -eq $thread.computerName }
                            #Set additional properties
                            $status = switch ($jobResult.ExitCode) {
                                0 { 'Successful' }
                                10 { 'Successful '} #Already running - FullText service is started automatically
                                default { 'Failed' }
                            }
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $outObject -NotePropertyName Status -NotePropertyValue $status
                            $message = switch ($jobResult.ExitCode) {
                                -2 { "The service failed to $action." }
                                -1 { "The attempt to $action the service has timed out." }
                                0 { "Service was successfully $actionText." }
                                default { "The attempt to $action the service returned the following error: " + (Get-DBASQLServiceErrorMessage $jobResult.ExitCode) }
                            }
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $outObject -NotePropertyName Message -NotePropertyValue $message
                            if ($jobResult.ServiceState) { $outObject.State = $jobResult.ServiceState }
                            #Dispose of the thread
                            $thread.thread.Dispose()

                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $outObject -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, State, Status, Message
                        }
                        elseif ($Timeout -gt 0 -and ((Get-Date) - $thread.started).TotalSeconds -gt $Timeout) {
                            #Session has timed out - return failure and stop the thread

                            $thread.isRetrieved = $true
                            $outObject = $ServiceCollection | Where-Object { $_.ServiceName -eq $thread.serviceName -and $_.ComputerName -eq $thread.computerName }
                            #Set additional properties
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $outObject -NotePropertyName Status -NotePropertyValue 'Failed'
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $outObject -NotePropertyName Message -NotePropertyValue "The attempt to $action the service has timed out."
                            $outObject.State = 'Unknown'
                            #Stop and dispose of the thread
                            $thread.thread.Stop()
                            $thread.thread.Dispose()

                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $outObject -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, State, Status, Message
                        }
                    }
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 50
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        #Close the runspace pool
        $runspacePool.Close()
    }
}
function Update-SqlDbOwner {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Updates specified database dbowner.
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$source,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$destination,
        [string]$dbname,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential
    )

    $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
    try {
        if ($Destination -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject]) {
            $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        else {
            $destserver = $Destination
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Message -Level Warning "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
        break
    }

    $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
    $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName

    if ($dbname.length -eq 0) {
        $databases = ($sourceserver.Databases | Where-Object { $destserver.databases.name -contains $_.name -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Name
    }
    else { $databases = $dbname }

    foreach ($dbname in $databases) {
        $destdb = $destserver.databases[$dbname]
        $dbowner = $sourceserver.databases[$dbname].owner

        if ($destdb.owner -ne $dbowner) {
            if ($destdb.Status -ne 'Normal') { Write-Output "Database status not normal. Skipping dbowner update."; continue }

            if ($null -eq $dbowner -or $null -eq $destserver.logins[$dbowner]) {
                try {
                    $dbowner = ($destserver.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
                }
                catch {
                    $dbowner = "sa"
                }
            }

            try {
                if ($destdb.ReadOnly -eq $true) {
                    $changeroback = $true
                    Update-SqlDbReadOnly $destserver $dbname $false
                }

                $destdb.SetOwner($dbowner)
                Write-Output "Changed $dbname owner to $dbowner"

                if ($changeroback) {
                    Update-SqlDbReadOnly $destserver $dbname $true
                    $changeroback = $null
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error "Failed to update $dbname owner to $dbowner."
            }
        }
        else { Write-Output "Proper owner already set on $dbname" }
    }
}
function Update-SqlDbReadOnly {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Updates specified database to read-only or read-write. Necessary because SMO doesn't appear to support NO_WAIT.
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [object]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$dbname,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [bool]$readonly
    )

    if ($readonly) {
        Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -Database $dbname
        $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET READ_ONLY WITH NO_WAIT"
    }
    else {
        $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET READ_WRITE WITH NO_WAIT"
    }

    try {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance
        $null = $server.Query($sql)
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changed ReadOnly status to $readonly for $dbname on $($server.name)"
        return $true
    }
    catch {
        Write-Message -Level Warning "Could not change readonly status for $dbname on $($server.name)"
        return $false
    }
}
function Update-SqlPermissions {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Internal function. Updates permission sets, roles, database mappings on server and databases
        .PARAMETER SourceServer
            Source Server
        .PARAMETER SourceLogin
            Source login
        .PARAMETER DestServer
            Destination Server
        .PARAMETER DestLogin
            Destination Login
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages
    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$SourceServer,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$SourceLogin,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$DestServer,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object]$DestLogin,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    $destination = $DestServer.DomainInstanceName
    $source = $SourceServer.DomainInstanceName
    $userName = $SourceLogin.Name

    # Server Roles: sysadmin, bulklogin, etc
    foreach ($role in $SourceServer.Roles) {
        $roleName = $role.Name
        $destRole = $DestServer.Roles[$roleName]

        if ($null -ne $destRole) {
            try {
                $destRoleMembers = $destRole.EnumMemberNames()
            }
            catch {
                $destRoleMembers = $destRole.EnumServerRoleMembers()
            }
        }

        try {
            $roleMembers = $role.EnumMemberNames()
        }
        catch {
            $roleMembers = $role.EnumServerRoleMembers()
        }

        if ($roleMembers -contains $userName) {
            if ($null -ne $destRole) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Adding $userName to $roleName server role.")) {
                    try {
                        $destRole.AddMember($userName)
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding $userName to $roleName server role on $destination successfully performed."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $userName to $roleName server role on $destination." -Target $role -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Remove for Syncs
        if ($roleMembers -notcontains $userName -and $destRoleMembers -contains $userName -and $null -ne $destRole) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Adding $userName to $roleName server role.")) {
                try {
                    $destRole.DropMember($userName)
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing $userName from $destRoleName server role on $destination successfully performed."
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to remove $userName from $destRoleName server role on $destination." -Target $role -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }

    $ownedJobs = $SourceServer.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object OwnerLoginName -eq $userName
    foreach ($ownedJob in $ownedJobs) {
        if ($null -ne $DestServer.JobServer.Jobs[$ownedJob.Name]) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Changing of job owner to $userName for $($ownedJob.Name).")) {
                try {
                    $destOwnedJob = $DestServer.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $ownedJobs.Name }
                    $destOwnedJob.Set_OwnerLoginName($userName)
                    $destOwnedJob.Alter()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing job owner to $userName for $($ownedJob.Name) on $destination successfully performed."
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to change job owner for $($ownedJob.Name) on $destination." -Target $ownedJob -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if ($SourceServer.VersionMajor -ge 9 -and $DestServer.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
        <#
            These operations are only supported by SQL Server 2005 and above.
            Securables: Connect SQL, View any database, Administer Bulk Operations, etc.
        #>

        $perms = $SourceServer.EnumServerPermissions($userName)
        foreach ($perm in $perms) {
            $permState = $perm.PermissionState
            if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                $grantWithGrant = $true;
                $permState = "grant"
            }
            else {
                $grantWithGrant = $false
            }

            $permSet = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerPermissionSet($perm.PermissionType)
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "$permState on $($perm.PermissionType) for $userName.")) {
                try {
                    $DestServer.PSObject.Methods[$permState].Invoke($permSet, $userName, $grantWithGrant)
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$permState $($perm.PermissionType) to $userName on $destination successfully performed."
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to $permState $($perm.PermissionType) to $userName on $destination." -Target $perm -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }

            # for Syncs
            $destPerms = $DestServer.EnumServerPermissions($userName)
            foreach ($perm in $destPerms) {
                $permState = $perm.PermissionState
                $sourcePerm = $perms | Where-Object { $_.PermissionType -eq $perm.PermissionType -and $_.PermissionState -eq $permState }

                if ($null -eq $sourcePerm) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Revoking $($perm.PermissionType) for $userName.")) {
                        try {
                            $permSet = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerPermissionSet($perm.PermissionType)

                            if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                                $grantWithGrant = $true;
                                $permState = "grant"
                            }
                            else {
                                $grantWithGrant = $false
                            }

                            $DestServer.PSObject.Methods["Revoke"].Invoke($permSet, $userName, $false, $grantWithGrant)
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Revoking $($perm.PermissionType) for $userName on $destination successfully performed."
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to revoke $($perm.PermissionType) from $userName on $destination." -Target $perm -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Credential mapping. Credential removal not currently supported for Syncs.
        $loginCredentials = $SourceServer.Credentials | Where-Object { $_.Identity -eq $SourceLogin.Name }
        foreach ($credential in $loginCredentials) {
            if ($null -eq $DestServer.Credentials[$credential.Name]) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating credential $($credential.Name) for $userName.")) {
                    try {
                        $newCred = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Credential($DestServer, $credential.Name)
                        $newCred.Identity = $SourceLogin.Name
                        $newCred.Create()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating credential $($credential.Name) for $userName on $destination successfully performed."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create credential $($credential.Name) for $userName on $destination." -Target $credential -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if ($DestServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SQL Server 2005 or greater required for database mappings.";
        continue
    }

    # For Sync, if info doesn't exist in EnumDatabaseMappings, then no big deal.
    foreach ($db in $DestLogin.EnumDatabaseMappings()) {
        $dbName = $db.DbName
        $destDb = $DestServer.Databases[$dbName]
        $sourceDb = $SourceServer.Databases[$dbName]
        $dbUsername = $db.Username;
        $dbLogin = $db.LoginName

        if ($null -ne $sourceDb) {
            if (!$sourceDb.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database [$($sourceDb.Name)] is not accessible on $source. Skipping."
                continue
            }
            if ($null -eq $sourceDb.Users[$dbUsername] -and $null -eq $destDb.Users[$dbUsername]) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping user $dbUsername from $dbName.")) {
                    try {
                        $destDb.Users[$dbUsername].Drop()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping user $dbUsername (login: $dbLogin) from $dbName on destination successfully performed."
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Any schema in $dbaName owned by $dbUsername may still exist."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to drop $dbUsername (login: $dbLogin) from $dbName on destination." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            # Remove user from role. Role removal not currently supported for Syncs.
            # TODO: reassign if dbo, application roles
            foreach ($destRole in $destDb.Roles) {
                $destRoleName = $destRole.Name
                $sourceRole = $sourceDb.Roles[$destRoleName]
                if ($null -eq $sourceRole) {
                    if ($sourceRole.EnumMembers() -notcontains $dbUsername -and $destRole.EnumMembers() -contains $dbUsername) {
                        if ($dbUsername -ne "dbo") {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping user $userName from $destRoleName database role in $dbName.")) {
                                try {
                                    $destRole.DropMember($dbUsername)
                                    $destDb.Alter()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping user $dbUsername (login: $dbLogin) from $destRoleName database role in $dbName on $destination successfully performed."
                                }
                                catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to remove $dbUsername (login: $dbLogin) from $destRoleName database role in $dbName on $destination." -Target $destRole -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            # Remove Connect, Alter Any Assembly, etc
            $destPerms = $destDb.EnumDatabasePermissions($userName)
            $perms = $sourceDb.EnumDatabasePermissions($userName)
            # for Syncs
            foreach ($perm in $destPerms) {
                $permState = $perm.PermissionState
                $sourcePerm = $perms | Where-Object { $_.PermissionType -eq $perm.PermissionType -and $_.PermissionState -eq $permState }
                if ($null -eq $sourcePerm) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Revoking $($perm.PermissionType) from $userName in $dbName.")) {
                        try {
                            $permSet = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DatabasePermissionSet($perm.PermissionType)

                            if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                                $grantWithGrant = $true;
                                $permState = "grant"
                            }
                            else {
                                $grantWithGrant = $false
                            }

                            $destDb.PSObject.Methods["Revoke"].Invoke($permSet, $userName, $false, $grantWithGrant)
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Revoking $($perm.PermissionType) from $userName in $dbName on $destination successfully performed."
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to revoke $($perm.PermissionType) from $userName in $dbName on $destination." -Target $perm -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    # Adding database mappings and securables
    foreach ($db in $SourceLogin.EnumDatabaseMappings()) {
        $dbName = $db.DbName
        $destDb = $DestServer.Databases[$dbName]
        $sourceDb = $SourceServer.Databases[$dbName]
        $dbUsername = $db.Username;
        $dbLogin = $db.LoginName

        if ($null -ne $destDb) {
            if (!$destDb.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database [$dbName] is not accessible. Skipping."
                continue
            }
            if ($null -eq $destDb.Users[$dbUsername]) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Adding $dbUsername to $dbName.")) {
                    $sql = $SourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Users[$dbUsername].Script() | Out-String
                    try {
                        $destDb.ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding user $dbUsername (login: $dbLogin) to $dbName successfully performed."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $dbUsername (login: $dbLogin) to $dbName on $destination." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            # Db owner
            if ($sourceDb.Owner -eq $userName) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Changing $dbName dbowner to $userName.")) {
                    try {
                        $result = Update-SqlDbOwner $SourceServer $DestServer -DbName $dbName
                        if ($result -eq $true) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changed $($destDb.Name) owner to $($sourceDb.owner)."
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to update $($destDb.Name) owner to $($sourceDb.owner)."
                        }
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to update $($destDb.Name) owner to $($sourceDb.owner)."
                    }
                }
            }

            # Database Roles: db_owner, db_datareader, etc
            foreach ($role in $sourceDb.Roles) {
                if ($role.EnumMembers() -contains $userName) {
                    $roleName = $role.Name
                    $destDbRole = $destDb.Roles[$roleName]

                    if ($null -ne $destDbRole -and $dbUsername -ne "dbo" -and $destDbRole.EnumMembers() -notcontains $userName) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Adding $userName to $roleName database role in $dbName.")) {
                            try {
                                $destDbRole.AddMember($userName)
                                $destDb.Alter()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding $userName to $roleName database role in $dbName on $destination successfully performed."
                            }
                            catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $userName to $roleName database role in $dbName on $destination." -Target $role -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            # Connect, Alter Any Assembly, etc
            $perms = $sourceDb.EnumDatabasePermissions($userName)
            foreach ($perm in $perms) {
                $permState = $perm.PermissionState
                if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                    $grantWithGrant = $true;
                    $permState = "grant"
                }
                else {
                    $grantWithGrant = $false
                }
                $permSet = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DatabasePermissionSet($perm.PermissionType)

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "$permState on $($perm.PermissionType) for $userName on $dbName")) {
                    try {
                        $destDb.PSObject.Methods[$permState].Invoke($permSet, $userName, $grantWithGrant)
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$permState on $($perm.PermissionType) to $userName on $dbName on $destination successfully performed."
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to perform $permState on $($perm.PermissionType) to $userName on $dbName on $destination." -Target $perm -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function global:Where-DbaObject {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            A slightly more efficient filter function than Where-Object.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            A slightly more efficient filter function than Where-Object.
            In case multiple filters are set, any one hit will work.
 
        .PARAMETER InputObject
            The object to process.
 
        .PARAMETER PropertyName
            Whether a property should be tested, rather than the input object itself.
 
        .PARAMETER Equals
            Tests for equality.
 
        .PARAMETER NotEquals
            Tests for inequality.
 
        .PARAMETER Like
            Tests for similarity.
 
        .PARAMETER NotLike
            Tests for non-similarity.
 
        .PARAMETER In
            Tests, whether the input is contained in a specified list.
 
        .PARAMETER NotIn
            Tests, whether the input is not contained in a specified list.
 
        .PARAMETER Match
            Tests for regex match.
 
        .PARAMETER NotMatch
            Tests for regex non-match.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            dir | Where-DbaObject Length -gt 1024
 
            Scans the current folder and filters out all files smaller then 1024 bytes
 
        .EXAMPLE
            "foo","bar" | Where-DbaObject -match "o"
 
            Filters out all strings that don't contain the letter "o"
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
        [object]
        $InputObject,

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]
        [Alias('Property')]
        [string]
        $PropertyName,

        [Alias('Eq')]
        [object]
        $Equals,

        [Alias('Ne')]
        [object]
        $NotEquals,

        [object]
        $Like,

        [object]
        $NotLike,

        [object]
        $In,

        [object]
        $NotIn,

        [object]
        $Match,

        [object]
        $NotMatch
    )

    begin {
        $TestEquals = Test-Bound -ParameterName Equals
        $TestNotEquals = Test-Bound -ParameterName NotEquals
        $TestLike = Test-Bound -ParameterName Like
        $TestNotLike = Test-Bound -ParameterName NotLike
        $TestIn = Test-Bound -ParameterName In
        $TestNotIn = Test-Bound -ParameterName NotIn
        $TestMatch = Test-Bound -ParameterName Match
        $TestNotMatch = Test-Bound -ParameterName NotMatch

        $TestObject = -not ($TestEquals -or $TestNotEquals -or $TestLike -or $TestNotLike -or $TestIn -or $TestNotIn -or $TestMatch -or $TestNotMatch)

        $TestProperty = Test-Bound -ParameterName PropertyName
    }
    process {
        foreach ($item in $InputObject) {
            #region Test Property
            if ($TestProperty) {
                if ($TestObject -and $item.$PropertyName) { return $item }

                if ($TestEquals -and ($item.$PropertyName -eq $Equals)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotEquals -and ($item.$PropertyName -ne $NotEquals)) { return $item }
                if ($TestLike -and ($item.$PropertyName -like $Like)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotLike -and ($item.$PropertyName -notlike $NotLike)) { return $item }
                if ($TestIn -and ($item.$PropertyName -In $In)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotIn -and ($item.$PropertyName -NotIn $NotIn)) { return $item }
                if ($TestMatch -and ($item.$PropertyName -Match $Match)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotMatch -and ($item.$PropertyName -NotMatch $NotMatch)) { return $item }
            }
            #endregion Test Property
            #region Test Object
            else {
                if ($TestObject -and $item) { return $item }

                if ($TestEquals -and ($item -eq $Equals)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotEquals -and ($item -ne $NotEquals)) { return $item }
                if ($TestLike -and ($item -like $Like)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotLike -and ($item -notlike $NotLike)) { return $item }
                if ($TestIn -and ($item -In $In)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotIn -and ($item -NotIn $NotIn)) { return $item }
                if ($TestMatch -and ($item -Match $Match)) { return $item }
                if ($TestNotMatch -and ($item -NotMatch $NotMatch)) { return $item }
            }
            #endregion Test Object
        }
    }
    end {

    }
}

(Get-Item Function:\Where-DbaObject).Visibility = "Private"
function Write-Exception {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Writes exception to disk (my docs\dbatools-exceptions.txt) for later analysis.
 
    .PARAMETER e
        Exception
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Write-Exception $_
        Writes inner exception to disk
 
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [object]$e
    )

    $docs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath("mydocuments")
    $errorlog = "$docs\dbatools-exceptions.txt"
    $message = $e.Exception
    $invocation = $e.InvocationInfo

    $position = $invocation.PositionMessage
    $scriptname = $invocation.ScriptName
    if ($null -eq $e.Exception.InnerException) { $message = $e.Exception.InnerException }

    $message = $message.ToString()

    Add-Content $errorlog $(Get-Date)
    Add-Content $errorlog $scriptname
    Add-Content $errorlog $position
    Add-Content $errorlog $message
    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "See error log $(Resolve-Path $errorlog) for more details."
}
function Write-HostColor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Function that recognizes html-style tags to insert color into printed text.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Function that recognizes html-style tags to insert color into printed text.
 
        Color tags should be designed to look like this:
        <c="<console color>">Text</c>
        For example this would be a valid string:
        "This message should <c="red">partially be painted in red</c>!"
 
        This allows specifying color within strings and avoids having to piece together colored text in multiple calls to Write-Host.
        Only colors that are part of the ConsoleColor enumeration can be used. Bad colors will be ignored in favor of the default color.
 
    .PARAMETER String
        The message to write to host.
 
    .PARAMETER DefaultColor
        Default: (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name "message.infocolor")
        The color to write stuff to host in when no (or bad) color-code was specified.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Write-HostColor -String 'This is going to be <c="red">bloody red</c> text! And this is <c="green">green stuff</c> for extra color'
 
        Will print the specified line in multiple colors
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $string1 = 'This is going to be <c="red">bloody red</c> text! And this is <c="green">green stuff</c> for extra color'
        $string2 = '<c="red">bloody red</c> text! And this is <c="green">green stuff</c> for extra color'
        $string3 = 'This is going to be <c="red">bloody red</c> text! And this is <c="green">green stuff</c>'
        $string1, $string2, $string3 | Write-HostColor -DefaultColor "Magenta"
 
        Will print all three lines, respecting the color-codes, but use the color "Magenta" as default color.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $stringLong = @"
        Dear <c="red">Sirs</c><c="green"> and</c> <c="blue">Madams</c>,
 
        it has come to our attention that you are not sufficiently <c="darkblue">awesome!</c>
        Kindly improve your <c="yellow">AP</c> (<c="magenta">awesome-ness points</c>) by at least 50% to maintain you membership in Awesome Inc!
 
        You have <c="green">27 3/4</c> days time to meet this deadline. <c="darkyellow">After this we will unfortunately be forced to rend you assunder and sacrifice your remains to the devil</c>.
 
        Best regards,
        <c="red">Luzifer</c>
        "@
        Write-HostColor -String $stringLong
 
        Will print a long multiline text in its entirety while still respecting the colorcodes
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingWriteHost", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]
        $String,

        [ConsoleColor]
        $DefaultColor = (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name "message.infocolor")
    )
    process {
        foreach ($line in $String) {
            foreach ($row in $line.Split("`n").Split([environment]::NewLine)) {
                if ($row -notlike '*<c=["'']*["'']>*</c>*') { Write-Host -Object $row -ForegroundColor $DefaultColor }
                else {
                    $match = ($row | Select-String '<c=["''](.*?)["'']>(.*?)</c>' -AllMatches).Matches
                    $index = 0
                    $count = 0

                    while ($count -le $match.Count) {
                        if ($count -lt $Match.Count) {
                            Write-Host -Object $row.SubString($index, ($match[$count].Index - $Index)) -ForegroundColor $DefaultColor -NoNewline
                            try { Write-Host -Object $match[$count].Groups[2].Value -ForegroundColor $match[$count].Groups[1].Value -NoNewline -ErrorAction Stop }
                            catch { Write-Host -Object $match[$count].Groups[2].Value -ForegroundColor $DefaultColor -NoNewline -ErrorAction Stop }

                            $index = $match[$count].Index + $match[$count].Length
                            $count++
                        }
                        else {
                            Write-Host -Object $row.SubString($index) -ForegroundColor $DefaultColor
                            $count++
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Write-Message {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            This function acts as central information node for dbatools.
 
        .DESCRIPTION
            This function acts as central information node for dbatools.
            Other functions hand off all their information output for processing to this function.
 
            This function will then handle:
            - Warning output
            - Error management for non-terminating errors (For errors that terminate execution or continue on with the next object use "Stop-Function")
            - Logging
            - Verbose output
            - Message output to users
 
            At what complexity what path for the information is chosen is determined by the configuration settings:
            message.maximuminfo
            message.maximumverbose
            message.maximumdebug
            message.minimuminfo
            message.minimumverbose
            message.minimumdebug
            Which can be set to any level from 1 through 9
            Depending on the configuration it is very possible to have multiple paths chosen simultaneously
 
        .PARAMETER Message
            The message to write/log. The function name and timestamp will automatically be prepended.
 
        .PARAMETER Level
            This parameter represents the verbosity of the message. The lower the number, the more important it is for a human user to read the message.
            By default, the levels are distributed like this:
            - 1-3 Direct verbose output to the user (using Write-Host)
            - 4-6 Output only visible when requesting extra verbosity (using Write-Verbose)
            - 1-9 Debugging information, written using Write-Debug
            The specific level of verbosity preference can be configured using the settings of the message.maximum and message.minimum namespace.
 
            In addition, it is possible to select the level "Warning" which moves the message out of the configurable range:
            The user will always be shown this message, unless he silences the entire thing with -EnableException
 
            Possible levels:
            Critical (1), Important / Output (2), Significant (3), VeryVerbose (4), Verbose (5), SomewhatVerbose (6), System (7), Debug (8), InternalComment (9), Warning (666)
            Either one of the strings or its respective number will do as input.
 
        .PARAMETER EnableException
            By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
            This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
            Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
 
        .PARAMETER FunctionName
            The name of the calling function.
            Will be automatically set, but can be overridden when necessary.
 
        .PARAMETER ErrorRecord
            If an error record should be noted with the message, add the full record here.
            Especially designed for use with Warning-mode, it can legally be used in either mode.
            The error will be added to the $Error variable and enqued in the dbatools debugging system.
 
        .PARAMETER Warning
            Deprecated, do not use anymore
 
        .PARAMETER Once
            Setting this parameter will cause this function to write the message only once per session.
            The string passed here and the calling function's name are used to create a unique ID, which is then used to register the action in the configuration system.
            Thus will the lockout only be written if called once and not burden the system unduly.
            This lockout will be written as a hidden value, to see it use Get-DbaConfig -Force.
 
        .PARAMETER OverrideExceptionMessage
            Disables automatic appending of exception messages.
            Use in cases where you already have a speaking message interpretation and do not need the original message.
 
        .PARAMETER Target
            If an ErrorRecord was passed, it is possible to add the object on which the error occurred, in order to simplify debugging / troubleshooting.
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Write-Message -Message 'Connecting to Database1' -Level 4 -EnableException $EnableException
 
            Writes the message 'Connecting to Database1'. By default, this will be
            - Written to the in-memory message log
            - Written to the logfile
            - Written to the Verbose stream (Write-Verbose)
            - Written to the Debug stream (Write-Debug)
 
        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Write-Message -Message "Connecting to Database 2 failed" -EnableException $EnableException -Warning -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Database
 
            Writes the message "Connecting to Database 2 failed". By default, this will be
            - Written to the in-memory message log
            - Written to the in-memory error queue
            - Written to the $error variable
            - Written to the logfile
            - Written to the error log files
            - Written to the Warning stream (Write-Warning, not if silent)
            - Written to the Debug stream (Write-Debug)
 
        .NOTES
            Author: Friedrich Weinmann
            Tags: debug
 
        .NOTES
            For Implementers transitioning from previously used cmdlets, rule of thumb:
            - Write-Host: Level 2
            - Write-Verbose: Level 5
            - Write-Debug: Level 8
    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingWriteHost", "")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidDefaultValueForMandatoryParameter", "")]
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Level')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Message,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Level')]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageLevel]
        $Level = "Warning",

        [bool]
        [Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException = $EnableException,

        [string]
        $FunctionName = ((Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command),

        [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord[]]
        $ErrorRecord,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Warning')]
        [switch]
        $Warning,

        [string]
        $Once,

        [switch]
        $OverrideExceptionMessage,

        [object]
        $Target
    )

    # Since it's internal, I set it to always silent. Will show up in tests, but not bother the end users with a reminder over something they didn't do.
    Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Warning" -CustomMessage "The parameter -Warning has been deprecated and will be removed on release 1.0.0. Please use '-Level Warning' instead." -EnableException $true

    $timestamp = Get-Date
    $developerMode = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::DeveloperMode

    $max_info = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::MaximumInformation
    $max_verbose = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::MaximumVerbose
    $max_debug = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::MaximumDebug
    $min_info = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::MinimumInformation
    $min_verbose = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::MinimumVerbose
    $min_debug = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::MinimumDebug
    $info_color = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::InfoColor
    $dev_color = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageHost]::DeveloperColor

    #$coloredMessage = $Message
    $baseMessage = $Message
    foreach ($match in ($baseMessage | Select-String '<c=["''](.*?)["'']>(.*?)</c>' -AllMatches).Matches) {
        $baseMessage = $baseMessage -replace ([regex]::Escape($match.Value)), $match.Groups[2].Value
    }

    if ($developerMode) {
        $channels_future = @()
        if ((-not $EnableException) -and ($Level -eq [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.MessageLevel]::Warning)) { $channels_future += "Warning" }
        if ((-not $EnableException) -and ($max_info -ge $Level) -and ($min_info -le $Level)) { $channels_future += "Information" }
        if (($max_verbose -ge $Level) -and ($min_verbose -le $Level)) { $channels_future += "Verbose" }
        if (($max_debug -ge $Level) -and ($min_debug -le $Level)) { $channels_future += "Debug" }

        if ((Test-Bound "Target") -and ($null -ne $Target)) {
            if ($Target.ToString() -ne $Target.GetType().FullName) { $targetString = " [T: $($Target.ToString())] " }
            else { $targetString = " [T: <$($Target.GetType().FullName.Split(".")[-1])>] " }
        }
        else { $targetString = "" }

        $newMessage = @"
[$FunctionName][$($timestamp.ToString("HH:mm:ss"))][L: $Level]$targetString[C: $channels_future][S: $EnableException][O: $($true -eq $Once)]
    $baseMessage
"@
    }
    else {
        $newMessage = "[$FunctionName][$($timestamp.ToString("HH:mm:ss"))] $baseMessage"
        $newColoredMessage = "[$FunctionName][$($timestamp.ToString("HH:mm:ss"))] $baseMessage"
    }
    if ($ErrorRecord -and ($Message -notmatch ([regex]::Escape("$($ErrorRecord[0].Exception.Message)"))) -and (-not $OverrideExceptionMessage)) {
        $baseMessage += " | $($ErrorRecord[0].Exception.Message)"
        $newMessage += " | $($ErrorRecord[0].Exception.Message)"
        $newColoredMessage += " | $($ErrorRecord[0].Exception.Message)"
    }

    #region Handle Input Objects
    if ($Target) {
        $targetType = $Target.GetType().FullName

        switch ($targetType) {
            "Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter" { $targetToAdd = $Target.InstanceName }
            "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server" { $targetToAdd = ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter]$Target).InstanceName }
            default { $targetToAdd = $Target}
        }
        if ($targetToAdd.GetType().FullName -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.*") { $targetToAdd = $targetToAdd.ToString() }
    }
    #endregion Handle Input Objects

    #region Handle Errors
    if ($ErrorRecord -and ((Get-PSCallStack)[1].Command -ne "Stop-Function")) {
        foreach ($record in $ErrorRecord) {
            $Exception = New-Object System.Exception($Message, $record.Exception)
            $newRecord = New-Object System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord($Exception, "dbatools_$FunctionName", $record.CategoryInfo.Category, $targetToAdd)

            if ($EnableException) { Write-Error -Message $newRecord -Category $record.CategoryInfo.Category -TargetObject $targetToAdd -Exception $Exception -ErrorId "dbatools_$FunctionName" -ErrorAction Continue }
            else { $null = Write-Error -Message $newRecord -Category $record.CategoryInfo.Category -TargetObject $targetToAdd -Exception $Exception -ErrorId "dbatools_$FunctionName" -ErrorAction Continue 2>&1 }
        }
    }
    if ($ErrorRecord) {
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::WriteErrorEntry($ErrorRecord, $FunctionName, $timestamp, $baseMessage, $Host.InstanceId)
    }
    #endregion Handle Errors

    $channels = @()

    #region Warning Mode
    if ($Warning -or ($Level -like "Warning")) {
        if (-not $EnableException) {
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("Once")) {
                $OnceName = "MessageOnce.$FunctionName.$Once"

                if (-not (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name $OnceName)) {
                    Write-Warning $newMessage
                    Set-DbaConfig -Name $OnceName -Value $True -Hidden -EnableException -ErrorAction Ignore
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-Warning $newMessage
            }
            $channels += "Warning"
        }
        elseif ($developerMode) {
            Write-Host $newMessage -ForegroundColor $dev_color
        }

        Write-Debug $newMessage
        $channels += "Debug"
    }
    #endregion Warning Mode

    #region Message Mode
    else {
        if ((-not $EnableException) -and ($max_info -ge $Level) -and ($min_info -le $Level)) {
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("Once")) {
                $OnceName = "MessageOnce.$FunctionName.$Once"

                if (-not (Get-DbaConfigValue -Name $OnceName)) {
                    Write-HostColor -String $newColoredMessage -DefaultColor $info_color -ErrorAction Ignore
                    Set-DbaConfig -Name $OnceName -Value $True -Hidden -EnableException -ErrorAction Ignore
                }
            }
            else {
                Write-HostColor -String $newColoredMessage -DefaultColor $info_color -ErrorAction Ignore
            }
            $channels += "Information"
        }
        elseif ($developerMode) {
            Write-Host -Object $newMessage -ForegroundColor $dev_color
        }

        if (($max_verbose -ge $Level) -and ($min_verbose -le $Level)) {
            Write-Verbose $newMessage
            $channels += "Verbose"
        }

        if (($max_debug -ge $Level) -and ($min_debug -le $Level)) {
            Write-Debug $newMessage
            $channels += "Debug"
        }
    }
    #endregion Message Mode

    $channel_Result = $channels -join ", "
    if ($channel_Result) {
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::WriteLogEntry($Message, $channel_Result, $timestamp, $FunctionName, $Level, $Host.InstanceId, $targetToAdd)
    }
    else {
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::WriteLogEntry($Message, "None", $timestamp, $FunctionName, $Level, $Host.InstanceId, $targetToAdd)
    }
}

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