ADCSTools

3.0

Functions/Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate.ps1

                                <#

.SYNOPSIS

    This function revokes all valid issued certificates on a Windows Server with the Certificate Authority role installed.

.DESCRIPTION

    When retiring a Certificate Authority (CA), it is important to revoke all valid issued certificates to prevent unauthorized use. This function automates the process of revoking all valid issued certificates on a CA server. It also provides an option to issue a new Certificate Revocation List (CRL) after revocation.

    Certificates issued after the CA database query begins are not included in the revocation pass. Halt certificate issuance (for example, by removing published certificate templates) before running this function, or run it a second time to catch any stragglers.

    Revoking certificates requires the Issue and Manage Certificates permission on the certification authority. Publishing a CRL with the -IssueCrl parameter also requires the Manage CA permission. On a CA with role separation enforced, no single account can hold both permissions. In that case, run this function without -IssueCrl and publish the CRL separately as a CA administrator.

    This function depends on the private ADCSTools module function Test-CaPermission and is not intended to run standalone outside the module.

.PARAMETER IssueCrl

    Specifies whether to issue a new Certificate Revocation List (CRL) after revoking the certificates. If this parameter is not specified, the function will not issue a CRL, and the user must do so manually. Publishing a CRL requires the Manage CA permission on the certification authority.

.PARAMETER Reason

    The revocation reason recorded for each certificate. Accepted values are Unspecified, KeyCompromise, CACompromise, AffiliationChanged, Superseded, and CessationOfOperation. The default value is CessationOfOperation, which is appropriate when retiring a CA.

.PARAMETER Force

    Suppresses the confirmation prompt. Use with caution, as revocation is irreversible.

.INPUTS

    None. This function does not accept pipeline input.

.OUTPUTS

    None.

.EXAMPLE

    Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate

    This command revokes all valid issued certificates.

.EXAMPLE

    Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate -IssueCrl

    This command revokes all valid issued certificates and issues a new Certificate Revocation List (CRL) after revocation.

.EXAMPLE

    Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate -Reason CACompromise -IssueCrl

    This command revokes all valid issued certificates with the revocation reason CA Compromise and issues a new Certificate Revocation List (CRL) after revocation.

.EXAMPLE

    Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate -WhatIf

    This command simulates the revocation of all valid issued certificates without actually performing the operation. It will show what would happen if the command were run.

.EXAMPLE

    Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate -Force

    This command revokes all valid issued certificates without prompting for confirmation. Use with caution, as this action is irreversible.

.LINK

    https://github.com/richardhicks/adcstools/blob/main/Functions/Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate.ps1

.LINK

    https://www.richardhicks.com/

.NOTES

    Version:        3.0

    Creation Date:  June 20, 2025

    Last Updated:   July 26, 2026

    Author:         Richard Hicks

    Organization:   Richard M. Hicks Consulting, Inc.

    Contact:        rich@richardhicks.com

    Website:        https://www.richardhicks.com/

#>

Function Revoke-ValidIssuedCertificate {

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]

    [OutputType([System.Void])]

    Param (

        [Alias('Crl')]

        [Switch]$IssueCrl,

        [ValidateSet('Unspecified', 'KeyCompromise', 'CACompromise', 'AffiliationChanged', 'Superseded', 'CessationOfOperation')]

        [String]$Reason = 'CessationOfOperation',

        [Switch]$Force

    )

    # Verify the Certificate Services service is present and running

    $Service = Get-Service -Name CertSvc -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    If (-Not $Service) {

        Throw 'Certificate Services does not appear to be installed on this server.'

    }

    If ($Service.Status -ne 'Running') {

        Throw 'The Certificate Services service is not running. Start the service and try again.'

    }

    # Revoking certificates requires the Issue and Manage Certificates permission on the certification authority

    If (-Not (Test-CaPermission -Role ManageCertificates)) {

        Throw 'The current user does not hold the Issue and Manage Certificates permission on this certification authority. Certificates cannot be revoked.'

    }

    # Publishing a new CRL requires the Manage CA permission. This is validated before revocation begins so a partial run is not left behind if CRL publishing would fail

    If ($IssueCrl -and -not (Test-CaPermission -Role ManageCa)) {

        Throw 'The -IssueCrl parameter requires the Manage CA permission on this certification authority. Run without -IssueCrl and publish the CRL separately.'

    }

    # -Force suppresses the confirmation prompt unless -Confirm was explicitly specified

    If ($Force -and -not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Confirm')) {

        $ConfirmPreference = 'None'

    }

    # Map the revocation reason to the corresponding certutil.exe reason code

    $ReasonCode = @{

        Unspecified          = 0

        KeyCompromise        = 1

        CACompromise         = 2

        AffiliationChanged   = 3

        Superseded           = 4

        CessationOfOperation = 5

    }[$Reason]

    $CertUtil = Join-Path -Path $env:SystemRoot -ChildPath 'System32\certutil.exe'

    # Query the CA database for valid issued certificates. CSV output allows serial numbers to be extracted without parsing localized column labels, and the 'now' token avoids locale-dependent date formatting

    $ViewOutput = & $CertUtil -view -restrict 'Disposition=20,NotAfter>=now' -out SerialNumber csv 2>&1

    If ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {

        Throw "Failed to query the CA database (certutil.exe exit code $LASTEXITCODE). $ViewOutput"

    }

    # Extract serial numbers by matching hexadecimal data lines. The CSV header row never matches because column labels contain non-hexadecimal characters in any display language

    $SerialNumbers = @($ViewOutput | ForEach-Object { If ($_ -match '^"?([0-9a-fA-F]+)"?\s*$') { $Matches[1] } })

    # Determine if any valid issued certificates were found

    If ($SerialNumbers.Count -eq 0) {

        Write-Warning 'No valid certificates found to revoke.'

        Return

    }

    # Warn user about the number of certificates to be revoked

    Write-Warning "This will revoke $($SerialNumbers.Count) valid issued certificate(s)."

    # Confirm the operation before revoking any certificates. ConfirmImpact is High, so confirmation is required by default. Use -Force or -Confirm:$false to suppress the prompt

    If (-Not $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$($SerialNumbers.Count) valid issued certificate(s) on this CA", "Revoke (reason: $Reason)")) {

        Return

    }

    # Revoke certificates

    ForEach ($Certificate in $SerialNumbers) {

        Write-Verbose "Revoking certificate with serial number $Certificate..."

        $Result = & $CertUtil -revoke $Certificate $ReasonCode 2>&1

        If ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {

            Write-Error "Failed to revoke certificate $Certificate. Error: $Result"

        }

    }

    # Issue CRL if requested

    If ($IssueCrl) {

        Write-Verbose 'Issuing a new CRL...'

        $CrlResult = & $CertUtil -crl 2>&1

        If ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {

            Write-Error "Failed to publish a new CRL (certutil.exe exit code $LASTEXITCODE). Error: $CrlResult"

        }

    }

    Else {

        Write-Warning 'An updated CRL must be issued manually to reflect the changes made by this function.'

    }

}

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