Build-AzureADAppConsentGrantReport.ps1
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<#
.SYNOPSIS Lists and categorizes risk for delegated permissions (OAuth2PermissionGrants) and application permissions (AppRoleAssignments). .DESCRIPTION Long description .EXAMPLE Build-AzureADAppConsentGrantReport -ReportOutputType ExcelWorkbook -ExcelWorkbookPath C:\temp\report.xlsx Output a report in Excel format .EXAMPLE Build-AzureADAppConsentGrantReport -ReportOutputType ExcelWorkbook -ExcelWorkbookPath C:\temp\report.xlsx -PermissionsTableCsvPath .\table.csv Output a report in Excel format and specify a local path for a customized CSV containing consent risk categorizations .INPUTS Inputs to this cmdlet (if any) .OUTPUTS Output from this cmdlet (if any) .NOTES General notes .COMPONENT The component this cmdlet belongs to .ROLE The role this cmdlet belongs to .FUNCTIONALITY The functionality that best describes this cmdlet #> function Build-AzureADAppConsentGrantReport { [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Download Permissions Table Data', SupportsShouldProcess = $true, PositionalBinding = $false, HelpUri = 'http://www.microsoft.com/', ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')] [Alias()] [OutputType([String])] Param ( # Output type for the report. [ValidateSet("ExcelWorkbook", "PowerShellObjects")] [string] $ReportOutputType = "ExcelWorkbook", # Output file location for Excel Workbook [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Excel Workbook Output')] [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)] [string] $ExcelWorkbookPath, # Path to CSV file for Permissions Table [string] $PermissionsTableCsvPath ) begin { function checkMSGraphConnection { $apiPermissionScopes = @("Application.Read.All", "Application.ReadWrite.All") if ($null -eq (Get-MgContext) -or $null -eq (Get-MgContext).Scopes) { Write-Error "Please Connect to MS Graph API with the Connect-mgGraph cmdlet from the Microsoft.Graph.Authentication module first before calling functions! Application.Read.All is the recommended scope. Sign in with 'Connect-MgGraph -Scopes Application.Read.All'" -ErrorAction Stop } else { # Check that the current mgContext has the needed permissions for the call $authorized = $false foreach ($checkPermission in $apiPermissionScopes) { if ((Get-MgContext).Scopes.Contains($checkPermission)) { $authorized = $true } } if ($true -ne $authorized) { Write-Error "Current MS Graph Context does not contain the proper scopes required to call the Application/Service Principal API. Please ensure you are connecting with an identity that has this permission scope (Application.Read.All)!" -ErrorAction Stop } } } function GenerateExcelReport { param ( $evaluatedData, $Path ) # Delete the existing output file if it already exists $OutputFileExists = Test-Path $Path if ($OutputFileExists -eq $true) { Get-ChildItem $Path | Remove-Item -Force } $count = 0 $highriskobjects = $evaluatedData | Where-Object { $_.Risk -eq "High" } $highriskobjects | ForEach-Object { $userAssignmentRequired = @() $userAssignments = @() $userAssignmentsCount = @() $userAssignmentRequired = Get-MgServicePrincipal -ServicePrincipalId $_.ClientObjectId if ($userAssignmentRequired.AppRoleAssignmentRequired -eq $true) { $userAssignments = Get-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignment -ServicePrincipalId $_.ClientObjectId -All:$true $userAssignmentsCount = $userAssignments.count Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name UsersAssignedCount -Value $userAssignmentsCount } elseif ($userAssignmentRequired.AppRoleAssignmentRequired -eq $false) { $userAssignmentsCount = "AllUsers" Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name UsersAssignedCount -Value $userAssignmentsCount } $count++ Write-Progress -activity "Counting users assigned to high risk apps . . ." -status "Apps Counted: $count of $($highriskobjects.Count)" -percentComplete (($count / $highriskobjects.Count) * 100) } $highriskusers = $highriskobjects | Where-Object { $null -ne $_.PrincipalObjectId } | Select-Object PrincipalDisplayName, Risk | Sort-Object PrincipalDisplayName -Unique $highriskapps = $highriskobjects | Select-Object ClientDisplayName, Risk, UsersAssignedCount, MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp | Sort-Object ClientDisplayName -Unique | Sort-Object UsersAssignedCount -Descending # Pivot table by user $pt = New-PivotTableDefinition -SourceWorkSheet ConsentGrantData ` -PivotTableName "PermissionsByUser" ` -PivotFilter RiskFilter, PermissionFilter, ResourceDisplayNameFilter, ConsentTypeFilter, ClientDisplayName, MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp ` -PivotRows PrincipalDisplayName ` -PivotColumns Risk, PermissionType ` -PivotData @{Permission = 'Count' } ` -IncludePivotChart ` -ChartType ColumnStacked ` -ChartHeight 800 ` -ChartWidth 1200 ` -ChartRow 4 ` -ChartColumn 14 # Pivot table by resource $pt += New-PivotTableDefinition -SourceWorkSheet ConsentGrantData ` -PivotTableName "PermissionsByResource" ` -PivotFilter RiskFilter, ResourceDisplayNameFilter, ConsentTypeFilter, PrincipalDisplayName, MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp ` -PivotRows ResourceDisplayName, PermissionFilter ` -PivotColumns Risk, PermissionType ` -PivotData @{Permission = 'Count' } ` -IncludePivotChart ` -ChartType ColumnStacked ` -ChartHeight 800 ` -ChartWidth 1200 ` -ChartRow 4 ` -ChartColumn 14 # Pivot table by risk rating $pt += New-PivotTableDefinition -SourceWorkSheet ConsentGrantData ` -PivotTableName "PermissionsByRiskRating" ` -PivotFilter RiskFilter, PermissionFilter, ResourceDisplayNameFilter, ConsentTypeFilter, PrincipalDisplayName, MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp ` -PivotRows Risk, ResourceDisplayName ` -PivotColumns PermissionType ` -PivotData @{Permission = 'Count' } ` -IncludePivotChart ` -ChartType ColumnStacked ` -ChartHeight 800 ` -ChartWidth 1200 ` -ChartRow 4 ` -ChartColumn 5 $excel = $data | Export-Excel -Path $Path -WorksheetName ConsentGrantData ` -PivotTableDefinition $pt ` -AutoSize ` -Activate ` -HideSheet "None" ` -UnHideSheet "PermissionsByRiskRating" ` -PassThru # Create temporary Excel file and add High Risk Users sheet $xlTempFile = "$env:TEMP\ImportExcelTempFile.xlsx" Remove-Item $xlTempFile -ErrorAction Ignore $exceltemp = $highriskusers | Export-Excel $xlTempFile -PassThru Add-Worksheet -ExcelPackage $excel -WorksheetName HighRiskUsers -CopySource $exceltemp.Workbook.Worksheets["Sheet1"] # Create temporary Excel file and add High Risk Apps sheet $xlTempFile = "$env:TEMP\ImportExcelTempFile.xlsx" Remove-Item $xlTempFile -ErrorAction Ignore $exceltemp = $highriskapps | Export-Excel $xlTempFile -PassThru Add-Worksheet -ExcelPackage $excel -WorksheetName HighRiskApps -CopySource $exceltemp.Workbook.Worksheets["Sheet1"] -Activate $sheet = $excel.Workbook.Worksheets["ConsentGrantData"] Add-ConditionalFormatting -Worksheet $sheet -Range "A1:N1048576" -RuleType Equal -ConditionValue "High" -ForeGroundColor White -BackgroundColor Red -Bold -Underline Add-ConditionalFormatting -Worksheet $sheet -Range "A1:N1048576" -RuleType Equal -ConditionValue "Medium" -ForeGroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Orange -Bold -Underline Add-ConditionalFormatting -Worksheet $sheet -Range "A1:N1048576" -RuleType Equal -ConditionValue "Low" -ForeGroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow -Bold -Underline $sheet = $excel.Workbook.Worksheets["HighRiskUsers"] Add-ConditionalFormatting -Worksheet $sheet -Range "B1:B1048576" -RuleType Equal -ConditionValue "High" -ForeGroundColor White -BackgroundColor Red -Bold -Underline Set-ExcelRange -Worksheet $sheet -Range A1:C1048576 -AutoSize $sheet = $excel.Workbook.Worksheets["HighRiskApps"] Add-ConditionalFormatting -Worksheet $sheet -Range "B1:B1048576" -RuleType Equal -ConditionValue "High" -ForeGroundColor White -BackgroundColor Red -Bold -Underline Set-ExcelRange -Worksheet $sheet -Range A1:C1048576 -AutoSize Export-Excel -ExcelPackage $excel|Out-Null Write-Verbose ("Excel workbook {0}" -f $ExcelWorkbookPath) } function Get-MSCloudIdConsentGrantList { [CmdletBinding()] param( [int] $PrecacheSize = 999 ) # An in-memory cache of objects by {object ID} andy by {object class, object ID} $script:ObjectByObjectId = @{} $script:ObjectByObjectClassId = @{} $script:KnownMSTenantIds = @("f8cdef31-a31e-4b4a-93e4-5f571e91255a", "72f988bf-86f1-41af-91ab-2d7cd011db47") # Function to add an object to the cache function CacheObject($Object) { if ($Object) { if (-not $script:ObjectByObjectClassId.ContainsKey($Object.GetType().name)) { $script:ObjectByObjectClassId[$Object.GetType().name] = @{} } $script:ObjectByObjectClassId[$Object.GetType().name][$Object.Id] = $Object $script:ObjectByObjectId[$Object.Id] = $Object } } # Function to retrieve an object from the cache (if it's there), or from Azure AD (if not). function GetObjectByObjectId($ObjectId) { if (-not $script:ObjectByObjectId.ContainsKey($ObjectId)) { Write-Verbose ("Querying Azure AD for object '{0}'" -f $ObjectId) try { $object = Get-AzureADObjectByObjectId -ObjectId $ObjectId CacheObject -Object $object } catch { Write-Verbose "Object not found." } } return $script:ObjectByObjectId[$ObjectId] } # Get all ServicePrincipal objects and add to the cache Write-Verbose "Retrieving ServicePrincipal objects..." $servicePrincipals = Get-MgServicePrincipal -All:$true $Oauth2PermGrants = @() $count = 0 foreach ($sp in $servicePrincipals) { CacheObject -Object $sp $spPermGrants = Get-MgServicePrincipalOauth2PermissionGrant -ServicePrincipalId $sp.Id -All:$true $Oauth2PermGrants += $spPermGrants $count++ Write-Progress -activity "Caching Objects from Azure AD . . ." -status "Cached: $count of $($servicePrincipals.Count)" -percentComplete (($count / $servicePrincipals.Count) * 100) } # Get one page of User objects and add to the cache Write-Verbose "Retrieving User objects..." Get-MgUser -Top $PrecacheSize | ForEach-Object { CacheObject -Object $_ } # Get all existing OAuth2 permission grants, get the client, resource and scope details Write-Progress -Activity "Processing Delegated Permission Grants..." foreach ($grant in $Oauth2PermGrants) { if ($grant.Scope) { $grant.Scope.Split(" ") | Where-Object { $_ } | ForEach-Object { $scope = $_ $client = GetObjectByObjectId -ObjectId $grant.ClientId # Determine if the object comes from the Microsoft Services tenant, and flag it if true $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp = @() if ($client.AppOwnerTenantId -in $script:KnownMSTenantIds) { $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp = $true } else { $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp = $false } $resource = GetObjectByObjectId -ObjectId $grant.ResourceId $principalDisplayName = "" if ($grant.PrincipalId) { $principal = GetObjectByObjectId -ObjectId $grant.PrincipalId $principalDisplayName = $principal.DisplayName } if ($grant.ConsentType -eq "AllPrincipals") { $simplifiedgranttype = "Delegated-AllPrincipals" } elseif ($grant.ConsentType -eq "Principal") { $simplifiedgranttype = "Delegated-Principal" } New-Object PSObject -Property ([ordered]@{ "PermissionType" = $simplifiedgranttype "ConsentTypeFilter" = $simplifiedgranttype "ClientObjectId" = $grant.ClientId "ClientDisplayName" = $client.DisplayName "ResourceObjectId" = $grant.ResourceId "ResourceObjectIdFilter" = $grant.ResourceId "ResourceDisplayName" = $resource.DisplayName "ResourceDisplayNameFilter" = $resource.DisplayName "Permission" = $scope "PermissionFilter" = $scope "PrincipalObjectId" = $grant.PrincipalId "PrincipalDisplayName" = $principalDisplayName "MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp" = $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp }) } } } # Iterate over all ServicePrincipal objects and get app permissions Write-Progress -Activity "Processing Application Permission Grants..." $script:ObjectByObjectClassId['MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal'].GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object { $sp = $_.Value Get-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignedTo -ServicePrincipalId $sp.Id -All:$true ` | Where-Object { $_.PrincipalType -eq "ServicePrincipal" } | ForEach-Object { $assignment = $_ $client = GetObjectByObjectId -ObjectId $assignment.PrincipalId # Determine if the object comes from the Microsoft Services tenant, and flag it if true $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp = @() if ($client.AppOwnerTenantId -in $script:KnownMSTenantIds) { $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp = $true } else { $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp = $false } $resource = GetObjectByObjectId -ObjectId $assignment.ResourceId $appRole = $resource.AppRoles | Where-Object { $_.Id -eq $assignment.Id } New-Object PSObject -Property ([ordered]@{ "PermissionType" = "Application" "ClientObjectId" = $assignment.PrincipalId "ClientDisplayName" = $client.DisplayName "ResourceObjectId" = $assignment.ResourceId "ResourceObjectIdFilter" = $grant.ResourceId "ResourceDisplayName" = $resource.DisplayName "ResourceDisplayNameFilter" = $resource.DisplayName "Permission" = $appRole.Value "PermissionFilter" = $appRole.Value "ConsentTypeFilter" = "Application" "MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp" = $MicrosoftRegisteredClientApp }) } } } function EvaluateConsentGrants { param ( $data ) # Process Risk for gathered data $count = 0 $data | ForEach-Object { try { $count++ Write-Progress -activity "Processing risk for each permission . . ." -status "Processed: $count of $($data.Count)" -percentComplete (($count / $data.Count) * 100) $scope = $_.Permission if ($_.PermissionType -eq "Delegated-AllPrincipals" -or "Delegated-Principal") { $type = "Delegated" } elseif ($_.PermissionType -eq "Application") { $type = "Application" } # Check permission table for an exact match $risk = $null $scoperoot = @() Write-Debug ("Permission Scope: $Scope") if ($scope -match '.') { $scoperoot = $scope.Split(".")[0] } else { $scoperoot = $scope } $test = ($permstable | Where-Object { $_.Permission -eq "$scoperoot" -and $_.Type -eq $type }).Risk # checking if there is a matching root in the CSV $risk = ($permstable | Where-Object { $_.Permission -eq "$scope" -and $_.Type -eq $type }).Risk # Checking for an exact match # Search for matching root level permission if there was no exact match if (!$risk -and $test) { # No exact match, but there is a root match $risk = ($permstable | Where-Object { $_.Permission -eq "$scoperoot" -and $_.Type -eq $type }).Risk } elseif (!$risk -and !$test -and $type -eq "Application" -and $scope -like "*Write*") { # Application permissions without exact or root matches with write scope $risk = "High" } elseif (!$risk -and !$test -and $type -eq "Application" -and $scope -notlike "*Write*") { # Application permissions without exact or root matches without write scope $risk = "Medium" } elseif ($risk) { } else { # Any permissions without a match, should be primarily Delegated permissions $risk = "Unranked" } # Add the risk to the current object Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Risk -Value $risk Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RiskFilter -Value $risk Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Reason -Value $reason } catch { Write-Error "Error Processing Permission for $_" } finally { Write-Output $_ } } } function loadPermisionsTable { param ( $PermissionsTableCsvPath ) if ($null -like $PermissionsTableCsvPath) { # Create hash table of permissions and permissions risk Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/AzureADToolkit/main/src/data/aadconsentgrantpermissiontable.csv' -OutFile .\aadconsentgrantpermissiontable.csv $permstable = Import-Csv .\aadconsentgrantpermissiontable.csv -Delimiter ',' } else { $permstable = Import-Csv $PermissionsTableCsvPath -Delimiter ',' } Write-Output $permstable } checkMSGraphConnection if ("ExcelWorkbook" -eq $ReportOutputType) { # Determine if the ImportExcel module is installed since the parameter was included if ($null -eq (get-module -Name ImportExcel -ListAvailable)) { throw "The ImportExcel module is not installed. This is used to export the results to an Excel worksheet. Please install the ImportExcel Module before using this parameter or run without this parameter." } } } process { $permstable = loadPermisionsTable -PermissionsTableCsvPath $PermissionsTableCsvPath Write-Verbose "Retrieving Permission Grants from Azure AD Tenant..." $data = Get-MSCloudIdConsentGrantList if ($null -ne $data) { $evaluatedData = EvaluateConsentGrants -data $data } } end { if ("ExcelWorkbook" -eq $ReportOutputType) { Write-Verbose "Generating Excel Workbook at $ExcelWorkbookPath" GenerateExcelReport -evaluatedData $evaluatedData -Path $ExcelWorkbookPath } else { Write-Output $evaluatedData } } } |