Hyper-V-Backup.ps1
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<#PSScriptInfo
.VERSION 4.5 .GUID c7fb05cc-1e20-4277-9986-523020060668 .AUTHOR Mike Galvin Contact: mike@gal.vin twitter.com/mikegalvin_ .COMPANYNAME Mike Galvin .COPYRIGHT (C) Mike Galvin. All rights reserved. .TAGS Hyper-V Virtual Machines Cluster CSV Full Backup Export Permissions Zip History .LICENSEURI .PROJECTURI https://gal.vin/2017/09/18/vm-backup-for-hyper-v .ICONURI .EXTERNALMODULEDEPENDENCIES Windows 10/Windows Server 2016/Windows 2012 R2 Hyper-V PowerShell Management Modules .REQUIREDSCRIPTS .EXTERNALSCRIPTDEPENDENCIES Hyper-V PowerShell Management Tools .RELEASENOTES #> <# .SYNOPSIS Hyper-V Backup PowerShell Utility - Creates a full backup of running Hyper-V Virtual Machines. .DESCRIPTION This script creates a full backup of running Hyper-V Virtual Machines. This script will: Create a full backup of Virtual Machine(s), complete with configuration, snapshots/checkpoints, and VHD files. The -List switch should be used to specify a txt file with a list of VM names to backup. If this option is not configured, all running VMs will be backed up. If the -NoPerms switch is used, the script will shutdown the VM and copy all the files to the backup location, then start the VM. You should use the -NoPerms switch if Hyper-V does not have the appropriate permissions to the specified backup location to do an export. If the -NoPerms switch is NOT used, the script will use the built-in export function, and the VMs will continue to run. The -Keep switch should be used to keep the specified number of days worth of backups. For example, to keep one months worth of backups use -Keep 30. The -Compress switch should be used to generate a zip file of each VM that is backed up. The original backup folder will be deleted afterwards. Important note: This script should be run on a Hyper-V host. The Hyper-V PowerShell management modules should be installed. Please note: to send a log file using ssl and an SMTP password you must generate an encrypted password file. The password file is unique to both the user and machine. The command is as follows: $creds = Get-Credential $creds.Password | ConvertFrom-SecureString | Set-Content c:\foo\ps-script-pwd.txt .PARAMETER BackupTo The path the Virtual Machines should be backed up to. A folder will be created in the specified path and each VM will have it's own folder inside. .PARAMETER List Enter the path to a txt file with a list of Hyper-V VM names to backup. If this option is not configured, all running VMs will be backed up. .PARAMETER L The path to output the log file to. The file name will be Hyper-V-Backup-YYYY-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss.log .PARAMETER NoPerms Instructs the script to shutdown the running VM(s) to do the file-copy based backup, instead of using the Hyper-V export function. When multiple VMs are running, the first VM (alphabetically) will be shutdown, backed up, and then started, then the next and so on. .PARAMETER Keep Instructs the script to keep a specified number of days worth of backups. The script will delete VM backups older than the number of days specified. .PARAMETER Compress This option will create a .zip file of each Hyper-V VM backup. Available disk space should be considered when using this option. .PARAMETER Subject The email subject that the email should have. Encapulate with single or double quotes. .PARAMETER SendTo The e-mail address the log should be sent to. .PARAMETER From The e-mail address the log should be sent from. .PARAMETER Smtp The DNS name or IP address of the SMTP server. .PARAMETER User The user account to connect to the SMTP server. .PARAMETER Pwd The txt file containing the encrypted password for the user account. .PARAMETER UseSsl Configures the script to connect to the SMTP server using SSL. .EXAMPLE Hyper-V-Backup.ps1 -BackupTo \\nas\vms -List C:\scripts\vms.txt -NoPerms -Keep 30 -Compress -L C:\scripts\logs -Subject 'Server: Hyper-V Backup' -SendTo me@contoso.com -From hyperv@contoso.com -Smtp smtp.outlook.com -User user -Pwd C:\foo\pwd.txt -UseSsl This will shutdown all the VMs listed in the file located in C:\scripts\vms.txt, and back up their files to \\nas\vms. Each VM will have their own folder. A zip file for each VM folder will be created, and the folder will be deleted. Any backups older than 30 days will also be deleted. The log file will be output to C:\scripts\logs and sent via e-mail with a custom subject line. #> ## Set up command line switches and what variables they map to. [CmdletBinding()] Param( [parameter(Mandatory=$True)] [alias("BackupTo")] $Backup, [alias("Keep")] $History, [alias("List")] [ValidateScript({Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf})] $VmList, [alias("L")] [ValidateScript({Test-Path $_ -PathType 'Container'})] $LogPath, [alias("Subject")] $MailSubject, [alias("SendTo")] $MailTo, [alias("From")] $MailFrom, [alias("Smtp")] $SmtpServer, [alias("User")] $SmtpUser, [alias("Pwd")] [ValidateScript({Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf})] $SmtpPwd, [switch]$Compress, [switch]$UseSsl, [switch]$NoPerms) ## If logging is configured, start logging. If ($LogPath) { $LogFile = ("Hyper-V-Backup-{0:yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss}.log" -f (Get-Date)) $Log = "$LogPath\$LogFile" ## If the log file already exists, clear it. $LogT = Test-Path -Path $Log If ($LogT) { Clear-Content -Path $Log } Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "****************************************" Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Log started" Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "" } ## Set a variable for computer name of the HyperV server. $Vs = $Env:ComputerName ## If a VM list file is configured, get the content of the file. If ($VmList) { $Vms = Get-Content $VmList } ## If a VM list file is not configured, just get the running VMs. Else { $Vms = Get-VM | Where-Object {$_.State -eq 'Running'} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name } ## Check to see if there are any running VMs. If ($Vms.count -ne 0) { ## For logging if enabled. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) This virtual host is: $Vs" Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) The following VMs will be backed up:" ForEach ($Vm in $Vms) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$Vm" } } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) This virtual host is: $Vs" Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) The following VMs will be backed up:" ForEach ($Vm in $Vms) { Write-Host "$Vm" } ## Check to see if the NoPerms switch is set. If ($NoPerms) { ## For each VM do the following. ForEach ($Vm in $Vms) { $VmInfo = Get-VM -name $Vm ## Test for the existence of a previous VM export. If it exists, delete it. $VmExportBackupTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm" If ($VmExportBackupTest -eq $True) { Remove-Item "$Backup\$Vm" -Recurse -Force } ## Create directories for the VM export. New-Item "$Backup\$Vm" -ItemType Directory -Force New-Item "$Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" -ItemType Directory -Force New-Item "$Backup\$Vm\VHD" -ItemType Directory -Force New-Item "$Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" -ItemType Directory -Force ## For logging, test for creation of backup folders. Log if the have or haven't. $VmFolderTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" If ($VmFolderTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created backup folder $Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created backup folder $Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem creating folder $Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem creating folder $Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" } $VmVHDTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm\VHD" If ($VmVHDTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created backup folder $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created backup folder $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem creating folder $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem creating folder $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } $VmSnapTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" If ($VmSnapTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created backup folder $Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created backup folder $Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem creating folder $Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem creating folder $Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" } ## Stop the VM. Stop-VM $Vm ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Stopping VM: $Vm" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Stopping VM: $Vm" ## Wait for 5 seconds before continuing just to be safe. Start-Sleep -S 5 ## Copy the config files and folders. Copy-Item "$($VmInfo.ConfigurationLocation)\Virtual Machines\$($VmInfo.id)" "$Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines\" -Recurse -Force Copy-Item "$($VmInfo.ConfigurationLocation)\Virtual Machines\$($VmInfo.id).*" "$Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines\" -Recurse -Force $VmConfigTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines\*" If ($VmConfigTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied $Vm configuration to $Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied $Vm configuration to $Backup\$Vm\Virtual Machines" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem copying the configuration for $Vm" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem copying the configuration for $Vm" } ## Copy the VHD(s). Copy-Item $VmInfo.HardDrives.Path -Destination "$Backup\$Vm\VHD\" -Recurse -Force $VmVHDCopyTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm\VHD\*" If ($VmVHDCopyTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied $Vm VHDs to $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied $Vm VHDs to $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem copying the VHDs for $Vm" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem copying the VHDs for $Vm" } ## Get the VM snapshots/checkpoints. $Snaps = Get-VMSnapshot $Vm ## For each snapshot do the following. ForEach ($Snap in $Snaps) { ## Copy the snapshot config files and folders. Copy-Item "$($VmInfo.ConfigurationLocation)\Snapshots\$($Snap.id)" "$Backup\$Vm\Snapshots\" -Recurse -Force Copy-Item "$($VmInfo.ConfigurationLocation)\Snapshots\$($Snap.id).*" "$Backup\$Vm\Snapshots\" -Recurse -Force $VmSnapCopyTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm\Snapshots\*" If ($VmSnapCopyTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied checkpoint configuration for $Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied checkpoint configuration for $Backup\$Vm\Snapshots" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem copying the checkpoint configuration for $Vm" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem copying the checkpoint configuration for $Vm" } ## Copy the snapshot root VHD. Copy-Item $Snap.HardDrives.Path -Destination "$Backup\$Vm\VHD\" -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied checkpoint VHDs for $Vm to $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully copied checkpoint VHDs for $Vm to $Backup\$Vm\VHD" } ## Start the VM. Start-VM $Vm ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Starting VM: $Vm" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Starting VM: $Vm" ## Wait for 30 seconds before continuing just to be safe. Start-Sleep -S 30 ## Check to see if the keep command line switch is not configured. If ($Null -eq $History) { ## Check to see if the compress command line switch is not configured. If ($Compress -eq $False) { ## Remove all previous backup folders. Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter "$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*" -Directory | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous backup folders." } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous backup folders." } } ## If the keep command line switch is configured... Else { ## ...and if the compress command line switch is not configured. If ($Compress -eq $False) { ## Remove all previous backup folders that are older than the configured number of days. Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter "$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*" -Directory | Where-Object CreationTime –lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-$History) | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing backup folders older than: $History days" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing backup folders older than: $History days" } } ## Check to see if the compress command line switch is configured... If ($Compress) { ## ...and if the keep command line switch is not configured. If ($Null -eq $History) { ## Remove all previous compressed backups. Remove-Item "$Backup\$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*.zip" -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous compressed backups." } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous compressed backups." } ## If the keep command line switch is configured. Else { ## Remove previous compressed backups that are older than the configured number of days. Get-ChildItem -Path "$Backup\$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*.zip" | Where-Object CreationTime –lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-$History) | Remove-Item -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing compressed backups older than: $History days" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing compressed backups older than: $History days" } ## Compress the VM backup folder into a zip, and delete the VM export folder. Add-Type -AssemblyName "system.io.compression.filesystem" [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory("$Backup\$Vm", "$Backup\$Vm-{0:yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss}.zip" -f (Get-Date)) Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter "$Vm" -Directory | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created compressed backup of $Vm" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created compressed backup of $Vm" } ## If the compress command line switch is not configured. Else { ## Rename the export of each VM to include the date. Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter $Vm -Directory | Rename-Item -NewName ("$Backup\$Vm-{0:yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss}" -f (Get-Date)) } ## Wait for 30 seconds before continuing just to be safe. Start-Sleep -S 30 } } ## If the NoPerms command line option is not set. Else { ForEach ($Vm in $Vms) { ## Test for the existence of a previous VM export. If it exists then delete it, otherwise the export will fail. $VmExportBackupTest = Test-Path "$Backup\$Vm" If ($VmExportBackupTest -eq $True) { Remove-Item "$Backup\$Vm" -Recurse -Force } } ## Do a regular Hyper-V export of the VMs. $Vms | Export-VM -Path "$Backup" $VmExportTest = Test-Path "$Backup\*" If ($VmExportTest -eq $True) { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully exported specified VMs to $Backup" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully exported specified VMs to $Backup" } Else { If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem exporting the specified VMs to $Backup" } Write-Error "$(Get-Date -Format G) ERROR: There was a problem exporting the specified VMs to $Backup" } ## Loop through the VMs do perform operations for the keep and compress options, if configured. ForEach ($Vm in $Vms) { ## Check to see iif the keep option is not configured... If ($Null -eq $History) { ## ...and if the compress option is not configured. If ($Compress -eq $False) { ## Remove all previous backup folders. Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter "$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*" -Directory | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous backup folders" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous backup folders" } } ## If the keep option is configured... Else { ## ...and if the compress option is not configured. If ($Compress -eq $False) { ## Remove previous backup folders older than the configured number of days. Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter "$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*" -Directory | Where-Object CreationTime –lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-$History) | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing backup folders older than: $History days" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing backup folders older than: $History days" } } ## Check to see if the compress option is enabled... If ($Compress) { ## ...and if the keep option is not configured. If ($Null -eq $History) { ## Remove all previous compressed backups. Remove-Item "$Backup\$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*.zip" -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous compressed backups" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing previous compressed backups" } ## If the keep option is configured. Else { ## Remove previous compressed backups older than the configured number of days. Get-ChildItem -Path "$Backup\$Vm-*-*-*-*-*-*.zip" | Where-Object CreationTime –lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-$History) | Remove-Item -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing compressed backups older than: $History days" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) Removing compressed backups older than: $History days" } ## Compress the VM export folder into a zip, and delete the VM export folder. Add-Type -AssemblyName "system.io.compression.filesystem" [io.compression.zipfile]::CreateFromDirectory("$Backup\$Vm", "$Backup\$Vm-{0:yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss}.zip" -f (Get-Date)) Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter "$Vm" -Directory | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force ## For logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created compressed backup of $Vm" } Write-Host -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Successfully created compressed backup of $Vm" } ## If the compress option is not enabled. Else { ## Rename the export of each VM to include the date. Get-ChildItem -Path $Backup -Filter $Vm -Directory | Rename-Item -NewName ("$Backup\$Vm-{0:yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss}" -f (Get-Date)) } } } } ## If there are no VMs, then do nothing. Else { ## For Logging. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) There are no VMs running to backup" } Write-Host "$(Get-Date -Format G) There are no VMs running to backup" } ## If log was configured stop the log. If ($LogPath) { Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "" Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "$(Get-Date -Format G) Log finished" Add-Content -Path $Log -Value "****************************************" ## If email was configured, set the variables for the email subject and body. If ($SmtpServer) { # If no subject is set, use the string below If ($Null -eq $MailSubject) { $MailSubject = "Hyper-V Backup" } $MailBody = Get-Content -Path $Log | Out-String ## If an email password was configured, create a variable with the username and password. If ($SmtpPwd) { $SmtpPwdEncrypt = Get-Content $SmtpPwd | ConvertTo-SecureString $SmtpCreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList ($SmtpUser, $SmtpPwdEncrypt) ## If ssl was configured, send the email with ssl. If ($UseSsl) { Send-MailMessage -To $MailTo -From $MailFrom -Subject $MailSubject -Body $MailBody -SmtpServer $SmtpServer -UseSsl -Credential $SmtpCreds } ## If ssl wasn't configured, send the email without ssl. Else { Send-MailMessage -To $MailTo -From $MailFrom -Subject $MailSubject -Body $MailBody -SmtpServer $SmtpServer -Credential $SmtpCreds } } ## If an email username and password were not configured, send the email without authentication. Else { Send-MailMessage -To $MailTo -From $MailFrom -Subject $MailSubject -Body $MailBody -SmtpServer $SmtpServer } } } ## End |