Locksmith.psm1
|
function ConvertFrom-IdentityReference { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$Object ) $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($Object) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } return $SID } function Export-RevertScript { [CmdletBinding()] param( [array]$AuditingIssues, [array]$ESC1, [array]$ESC2, [array]$ESC3, [array]$ESC4, [array]$ESC5, [array]$ESC6 ) begin { $Output = 'Invoke-RevertLocksmith.ps1' Set-Content -Path $Output -Value "<#`nScript to revert changes performed by Locksmith`nCreated $(Get-Date)`n#>" -Force $Objects = $AuditingIssues + $ESC1 + $ESC2 + $ESC3 + $ESC4 + $ESC5 + $ESC6 } process { if ($Objects) { $Objects | ForEach-Object { Add-Content -Path $Output -Value $_.Revert Start-Sleep -Seconds 5 } } } } function Find-AuditingIssue { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects ) $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKIEnrollmentService') -and ($_.AuditFilter -ne '127') } | ForEach-Object { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName Technique = 'DETECT' Issue = "Auditing is not fully enabled on $($_.CAFullName). Current value is $($_.AuditFilter)" Fix = "certutil.exe -config `'$($_.CAFullname)`' -setreg `'CA\AuditFilter`' 127; Invoke-Command -ComputerName `'$($_.dNSHostName)`' -ScriptBlock { Get-Service -Name `'certsvc`' | Restart-Service -Force }" Revert = "certutil.exe -config $($_.CAFullname) -setreg CA\AuditFilter $($_.AuditFilter); Invoke-Command -ComputerName `'$($_.dNSHostName)`' -ScriptBlock { Get-Service -Name `'certsvc`' | Restart-Service -Force }" } if ($_.AuditFilter -match 'CA Unavailable') { $Issue.Issue = $_.AuditFilter $Issue.Fix = 'N/A' $Issue.Revert = 'N/A' } $Issue } } function Find-ESC1 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$SafeUsers ) $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($_.pkiExtendedKeyUsage -match $ClientAuthEKUs) -and ($_.'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' -eq 1) -and !($_.'msPKI-Enrollment-Flag' -band 2) -and ( ($_.'msPKI-RA-Signature' -eq 0) -or ($null -eq $_.'msPKI-RA-Signature') ) } | ForEach-Object { foreach ($entry in $_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Access) { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($entry.IdentityReference) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'ExtendedRight') ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($entry.IdentityReference) can enroll in this Client Authentication template using a SAN without Manager Approval" Fix = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 0}" Revert = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 1}" Technique = 'ESC1' } $Issue } } } } function Find-ESC2 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [string]$SafeUsers ) $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { ($_.ObjectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ( (!$_.pkiExtendedKeyUsage) -or ($_.pkiExtendedKeyUsage -match '2.5.29.37.0') ) -and ($_.'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' -eq 1) -and !($_.'msPKI-Enrollment-Flag' -band 2) -and ( ($_.'msPKI-RA-Signature' -eq 0) -or ($null -eq $_.'msPKI-RA-Signature') ) } | ForEach-Object { foreach ($entry in $_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Access) { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($entry.IdentityReference) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'ExtendedRight') ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($entry.IdentityReference) can request a SubCA certificate without Manager Approval" Fix = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 0}" Revert = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 1}" Technique = 'ESC2' } $Issue } } } } function Find-ESC3Condition1 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$SafeUsers ) $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($_.pkiExtendedKeyUsage -match $EnrollmentAgentEKU) -and !($_.'msPKI-Enrollment-Flag' -band 2) -and ( ($_.'msPKI-RA-Signature' -eq 0) -or ($null -eq $_.'msPKI-RA-Signature') ) } | ForEach-Object { foreach ($entry in $_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Access) { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($entry.IdentityReference) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'ExtendedRight') ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($entry.IdentityReference) can enroll in this Enrollment Agent template without Manager Approval" Fix = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 0}" Revert = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 1}" Technique = 'ESC3' } $Issue } } } } function Find-ESC3Condition2 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$SafeUsers ) $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($_.pkiExtendedKeyUsage -match $ClientAuthEKU) -and ($_.'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' -eq 1) -and !($_.'msPKI-Enrollment-Flag' -band 2) -and ($_.'msPKI-RA-Application-Policies' -eq '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.1') -and ( ($_.'msPKI-RA-Signature' -eq 1) ) } | ForEach-Object { foreach ($entry in $_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Access) { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($entry.IdentityReference) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'ExtendedRight') ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($entry.IdentityReference) can enroll in this Client Authentication template using a SAN without Manager Approval" Fix = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 0}" Revert = "Get-ADObject `'$($_.DistinguishedName)`' | Set-ADObject -Replace @{'msPKI-Certificate-Name-Flag' = 1}" Technique = 'ESC3' } $Issue } } } } function Find-ESC4 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $ADCSObjects, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $DangerousRights, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $SafeOwners, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $SafeUsers ) $ADCSObjects | ForEach-Object { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($SID -match $UnsafeOwners) ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner) has Owner rights on this template" Fix = "`$Owner = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier(`'$PreferredOwner`'); `$ACL = Get-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`'; `$ACL.SetOwner(`$Owner); Set-ACL -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`' -AclObject `$ACL" Revert = "`$Owner = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier(`'$($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner)`'); `$ACL = Get-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`'; `$ACL.SetOwner(`$Owner); Set-ACL -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`' -AclObject `$ACL" Technique = 'ESC4' } $Issue } elseif ( ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($SID -notmatch $SafeOwners) ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner) has Owner rights on this template" Fix = '[TODO]' Revert = '[TODO]' Technique = 'ESC4' } $Issue } foreach ($entry in $_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Access) { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($entry.IdentityReference) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights -match $DangerousRights) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights.ObjectType -notmatch $SafeObjectTypes) ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($entry.IdentityReference) has $($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights) rights on this template" Fix = "`$ACL = Get-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`'; foreach ( `$ace in `$ACL.access ) { if ( (`$ace.IdentityReference.Value -like '$($Principal.Value)' ) -and ( `$ace.ActiveDirectoryRights -notmatch '^ExtendedRight$') ) { `$ACL.RemoveAccessRule(`$ace) | Out-Null ; Set-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`' -AclObject `$ACL } }" Revert = '[TODO]' Technique = 'ESC4' } $Issue } } } } function Find-ESC5 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $ADCSObjects, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $DangerousRights, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $SafeOwners, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $SafeUsers ) $ADCSObjects | ForEach-Object { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($_.objectClass -ne 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($SID -match $UnsafeOwners) ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner) has Owner rights on this template" Fix = "`$Owner = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier(`'$PreferredOwner`'); `$ACL = Get-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`'; `$ACL.SetOwner(`$Owner); Set-ACL -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`' -AclObject `$ACL" Revert = "`$Owner = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier(`'$($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner)`'); `$ACL = Get-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`'; `$ACL.SetOwner(`$Owner); Set-ACL -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`' -AclObject `$ACL" Technique = 'ESC5' } $Issue } elseif ( ($_.objectClass -ne 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($SID -notmatch $SafeOwners) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights.ObjectType -notmatch $SafeObjectTypes) ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Owner) has Owner rights on this object" Fix = '[TODO]' Revert = '[TODO]' Technique = 'ESC5' } $Issue } foreach ($entry in $_.nTSecurityDescriptor.Access) { $Principal = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($entry.IdentityReference) if ($Principal -match '^(S-1|O:)') { $SID = $Principal } else { $SID = ($Principal.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])).Value } if ( ($_.objectClass -ne 'pKICertificateTemplate') -and ($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers) -and ($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights -match $DangerousRights) ) { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName IdentityReference = $entry.IdentityReference ActiveDirectoryRights = $entry.ActiveDirectoryRights Issue = "$($entry.IdentityReference) has $($entry.ActiveDirectoryRights) rights on this object" Fix = "`$ACL = Get-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`'; foreach ( `$ace in `$ACL.access ) { if ( (`$ace.IdentityReference.Value -like '$($Principal.Value)' ) -and ( `$ace.ActiveDirectoryRights -notmatch '^ExtendedRight$') ) { `$ACL.RemoveAccessRule(`$ace) | Out-Null ; Set-Acl -Path `'AD:$($_.DistinguishedName)`' -AclObject `$ACL } }" Revert = '[TODO]' Technique = 'ESC5' } $Issue } } } } function Find-ESC6 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $ADCSObjects ) process { $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { ($_.objectClass -eq 'pKIEnrollmentService') -and ($_.SANFlag -ne 'No') } | ForEach-Object { [string]$CAFullName = "$($_.dNSHostName)\$($_.Name)" $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName Technique = 'ESC6' Issue = $_.AuditFilter Fix = 'N/A' Revert = 'N/A' } if ($_.SANFlag -eq 'Yes') { $Issue.Issue = 'EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 is enabled.' $Issue.Fix = "certutil -config $CAFullname -setreg policy\EditFlags -EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2; Invoke-Command -ComputerName `"$($_.dNSHostName)`" -ScriptBlock { Get-Service -Name `'certsvc`' | Restart-Service -Force }" $Issue.Revert = "certutil -config $CAFullname -setreg policy\EditFlags +EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2; Invoke-Command -ComputerName `"$($_.dNSHostName)`" -ScriptBlock { Get-Service -Name `'certsvc`' | Restart-Service -Force }" } $Issue } } } function Find-ESC8 { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $ADCSObjects ) process { $ADCSObjects | Where-Object { $_.CAEnrollmentEndpoint } | ForEach-Object { $Issue = [pscustomobject]@{ Forest = $_.CanonicalName.split('/')[0] Name = $_.Name DistinguishedName = $_.DistinguishedName CAEnrollmentEndpoint = $_.CAEnrollmentEndpoint Issue = 'HTTP enrollment is enabled.' Fix = '[TODO]' Revert = '[TODO]' Technique = 'ESC8' } if ($_.CAEnrollmentEndpoint -like '^https*') { $Issue.Issue = 'HTTPS enrollment is enabled.' } $Issue } } } function Format-Result { [CmdletBinding()] param( $Issue, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [int]$Mode ) $IssueTable = @{ DETECT = 'Auditing Not Fully Enabled' ESC1 = 'ESC1 - Vulnerable Certificate Template - Authentication' ESC2 = 'ESC2 - Vulnerable Certificate Template - Subordinate CA' ESC3 = 'ESC3 - Vulnerable Certificate Template - Enrollment Agent' ESC4 = 'ESC4 - Vulnerable Access Control - Certifcate Template' ESC5 = 'ESC5 - Vulnerable Access Control - PKI Object' ESC6 = 'ESC6 - EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 Flag Enabled' ESC8 = 'ESC8 - HTTP/S Enrollment Enabled' } if ($null -ne $Issue) { $UniqueIssue = $Issue.Technique | Sort-Object -Unique Write-Host "`n########## $($IssueTable[$UniqueIssue]) ##########`n" switch ($Mode) { 0 { $Issue | Format-Table Technique, Name, Issue -Wrap } 1 { if ($Issue.Technique -eq 'ESC8') { $Issue | Format-List Technique, Name, DistinguishedName, CAEnrollmentEndpoint, Issue, Fix } else { $Issue | Format-List Technique, Name, DistinguishedName, Issue, Fix if (($Issue.Technique -eq "DETECT" -or $Issue.Technique -eq "ESC6") -and (Get-RestrictedAdminModeSetting)) { Write-Warning "Restricted Admin Mode appears to be configured. Certutil.exe may not work from this host, therefore you may need to execute the 'Fix' commands on the CA server itself" } } } } } } function Get-ADCSObject { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory)] [array]$Targets, [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential ) foreach ( $forest in $Targets ) { if ($Credential) { $ADRoot = (Get-ADRootDSE -Credential $Credential -Server $forest).defaultNamingContext Get-ADObject -Filter * -SearchBase "CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,$ADRoot" -SearchScope 2 -Properties * -Credential $Credential } else { $ADRoot = (Get-ADRootDSE -Server $forest).defaultNamingContext Get-ADObject -Filter * -SearchBase "CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,$ADRoot" -SearchScope 2 -Properties * } } } function Get-CAHostObject { [CmdletBinding()] param ( [parameter( Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects, [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential ) process { if ($Credential) { $ADCSObjects | Where-Object objectClass -Match 'pKIEnrollmentService' | ForEach-Object { Get-ADObject $_.CAHostDistinguishedName -Properties * -Server $ForestGC -Credential $Credential } } else { $ADCSObjects | Where-Object objectClass -Match 'pKIEnrollmentService' | ForEach-Object { Get-ADObject $_.CAHostDistinguishedName -Properties * -Server $ForestGC } } } } function Get-RestrictedAdminModeSetting { $Path = 'HKLM:SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa' try { $RAM = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path).DisableRestrictedAdmin $Creds = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path).DisableRestrictedAdminOutboundCreds if ($RAM -eq '0' -and $Creds -eq '1') { return $true } else { return $false } } catch { return $false } } function Get-Target { param ( [string]$Forest, [string]$InputPath, [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential ) if ($Forest) { $Targets = $Forest } elseif ($InputPath) { $Targets = Get-Content $InputPath } else { if ($Credential) { $Targets = (Get-ADForest -Credential $Credential).Name } else { $Targets = (Get-ADForest).Name } } return $Targets } function Install-RSATADPowerShell { <# .SYNOPSIS Installs the RSAT AD PowerShell module. .DESCRIPTION This function checks if the current process is elevated and if it is it will prompt to install the RSAT AD PowerShell module. .EXAMPLE Install-RSATADPowerShell #> if (Test-IsElevated) { $OS = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem).ProductType # 1 - workstation, 2 - domain controller, 3 - non-dc server if ($OS -gt 1) { Write-Warning "The Active Directory PowerShell module is not installed." Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to install the Active Directory PowerShell module for you.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "`nCOMMAND: Install-WindowsFeature -Name RSAT-AD-PowerShell`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Write-Host "Beginning the ActiveDirectory PowerShell module installation, please wait.." # Attempt to install ActiveDirectory PowerShell module for Windows Server OSes, works with Windows Server 2012 R2 through Windows Server 2022 Install-WindowsFeature -Name RSAT-AD-PowerShell } catch { Write-Error 'Could not install ActiveDirectory PowerShell module. This module needs to be installed to run Locksmith successfully.' } } else { Write-Host "ActiveDirectory PowerShell module NOT installed. Please install to run Locksmith successfully.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow break; } } else { Write-Warning "The Active Directory PowerShell module is not installed." Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to install the Active Directory PowerShell module for you.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "`nCOMMAND: Add-WindowsCapability -Name Rsat.ActiveDirectory.DS-LDS.Tools~~~~0.0.1.0 -Online`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Write-Host "Beginning the ActiveDirectory PowerShell module installation, please wait.." # Attempt to install ActiveDirectory PowerShell module for Windows Desktop OSes Add-WindowsCapability -Name Rsat.ActiveDirectory.DS-LDS.Tools~~~~0.0.1.0 -Online } catch { Write-Error 'Could not install ActiveDirectory PowerShell module. This module needs to be installed to run Locksmith successfully.' } } else { Write-Host "ActiveDirectory PowerShell module NOT installed. Please install to run Locksmith successfully.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow break; } } } else { Write-Warning -Message "The ActiveDirectory PowerShell module is required for Locksmith, but is not installed. Please launch an elevated PowerShell session to have this module installed for you automatically." # The goal here is to exit the script without closing the PowerShell window. Need to test. Return } } function Invoke-Remediation { <# .SYNOPSIS Runs any remediation scripts available. .DESCRIPTION This function offers to run any remediation code associated with identified issues. .PARAMETER AuditingIssues A PS Object containing all necessary information about auditing issues. .PARAMETER ESC1 A PS Object containing all necessary information about ESC1 issues. .PARAMETER ESC2 A PS Object containing all necessary information about ESC2 issues. .PARAMETER ESC3 A PS Object containing all necessary information about ESC3 issues. .PARAMETER ESC4 A PS Object containing all necessary information about ESC4 issues. .PARAMETER ESC5 A PS Object containing all necessary information about ESC5 issues. .PARAMETER ESC6 A PS Object containing all necessary information about ESC6 issues. .INPUTS PS Objects .OUTPUTS Console output #> [CmdletBinding()] param ( $AuditingIssues, $ESC1, $ESC2, $ESC3, $ESC4, $ESC5, $ESC6 ) Write-Host "`nExecuting Mode 4 - Attempting to fix identified issues!`n" -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host 'Creating a script (' -NoNewline Write-Host 'Invoke-RevertLocksmith.ps1' -ForegroundColor White -NoNewline Write-Host ") which can be used to revert all changes made by Locksmith...`n" try { Export-RevertScript -AuditingIssues $AuditingIssues -ESC1 $ESC1 -ESC2 $ESC2 -ESC3 $ESC3 -ESC4 $ESC4 -ESC5 $ESC5 -ESC6 $ESC6 } catch { Write-Warning 'Creation of Invoke-RevertLocksmith.ps1 failed.' Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { # Continue } else { break } } if ($AuditingIssues) { $AuditingIssues | ForEach-Object { $FixBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($_.Fix) Write-Host 'ISSUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Auditing is not fully enabled on Certification Authority `"$($_.Name)`".`n" Write-Host 'TECHNIQUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Technique)`n" Write-Host 'ACTION TO BE PERFORMED:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Locksmith will attempt to fully enable auditing on Certification Authority `"$($_.Name)`".`n" Write-Host 'COMMAND(S) TO BE RUN:' Write-Host 'PS> ' -NoNewline Write-Host "$($_.Fix)`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host 'OPERATIONAL IMPACT:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "This change should have little to no impact on the AD CS environment.`n" -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to fix this issue.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $FixBlock } catch { Write-Error 'Could not modify AD CS auditing. Are you a local admin on the CA host?' } } else { Write-Host "SKIPPED!`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } } if ($ESC1) { $ESC1 | ForEach-Object { $FixBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($_.Fix) Write-Host 'ISSUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Security Principals can enroll in `"$($_.Name)`" template using a Subject Alternative Name without Manager Approval.`n" Write-Host 'TECHNIQUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Technique)`n" Write-Host 'ACTION TO BE PERFORMED:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Locksmith will attempt to enable Manager Approval on the `"$($_.Name)`" template.`n" Write-Host 'CCOMMAND(S) TO BE RUN:' Write-Host 'PS> ' -NoNewline Write-Host "$($_.Fix)`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host 'OPERATIONAL IMPACT:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "WARNING: This change could cause some services to stop working until certificates are approved.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to fix this issue.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $FixBlock } catch { Write-Error 'Could not enable Manager Approval. Are you an Active Directory or AD CS admin?' } } else { Write-Host "SKIPPED!`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } } if ($ESC2) { $ESC2 | ForEach-Object { $FixBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($_.Fix) Write-Host 'ISSUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Security Principals can enroll in `"$($_.Name)`" template and create a Subordinate Certification Authority without Manager Approval.`n" Write-Host 'TECHNIQUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Technique)`n" Write-Host 'ACTION TO BE PERFORMED:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Locksmith will attempt to enable Manager Approval on the `"$($_.Name)`" template.`n" Write-Host 'COMMAND(S) TO BE RUN:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host 'PS> ' -NoNewline Write-Host "$($_.Fix)`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host 'OPERATIONAL IMPACT:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "WARNING: This change could cause some services to stop working until certificates are approved.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to fix this issue.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $FixBlock } catch { Write-Error 'Could not enable Manager Approval. Are you an Active Directory or AD CS admin?' } } else { Write-Host "SKIPPED!`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } } if ($ESC4) { $ESC4 | Where-Object Issue -Like "* Owner rights *" | ForEach-Object { # This selector sucks - Jake $FixBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($_.Fix) Write-Host 'ISSUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Issue)`n" Write-Host 'TECHNIQUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Technique)`n" Write-Host 'ACTION TO BE PERFORMED:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Locksmith will attempt to set the owner of `"$($_.Name)`" template to Enterprise Admins.`n" Write-Host 'COMMAND(S) TO BE RUN:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host 'PS> ' -NoNewline Write-Host "$($_.Fix)`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host 'OPERATIONAL IMPACT:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "This change should have little to no impact on the AD CS environment.`n" -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to fix this issue.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $FixBlock } catch { Write-Error 'Could not change Owner. Are you an Active Directory admin?' } } else { Write-Host "SKIPPED!`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } } if ($ESC5) { $ESC5 | Where-Object Issue -Like "* Owner rights *" | ForEach-Object { # This selector sucks - Jake $FixBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($_.Fix) Write-Host 'ISSUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Issue)`n" Write-Host 'TECHNIQUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Technique)`n" Write-Host 'ACTION TO BE PERFORMED:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Locksmith will attempt to set the owner of `"$($_.Name)`" object to Enterprise Admins.`n" Write-Host 'COMMAND(S) TO BE RUN:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host 'PS> ' -NoNewline Write-Host "$($_.Fix)`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host 'OPERATIONAL IMPACT:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "This change should have little to no impact on the AD CS environment.`n" -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to fix this issue.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $FixBlock } catch { Write-Error 'Could not change Owner. Are you an Active Directory admin?' } } else { Write-Host "SKIPPED!`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } } if ($ESC6) { $ESC6 | ForEach-Object { $FixBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($_.Fix) Write-Host 'ISSUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "The Certification Authority `"$($_.Name)`" has the dangerous EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 flag enabled.`n" Write-Host 'TECHNIQUE:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "$($_.Technique)`n" Write-Host 'ACTION TO BE PERFORMED:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "Locksmith will attempt to disable the EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 flag on Certifiction Authority `"$($_.Name)`".`n" Write-Host 'COMMAND(S) TO BE RUN' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host 'PS> ' -NoNewline Write-Host "$($_.Fix)`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan $WarningError = 'n' Write-Host 'OPERATIONAL IMPACT:' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "WARNING: This change could cause some services to stop working.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "If you continue, Locksmith will attempt to fix this issue.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow Write-Host "Continue with this operation? [Y] Yes " -NoNewline Write-Host "[N] " -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "No: " -NoNewline $WarningError = '' $WarningError = Read-Host if ($WarningError -like 'y') { try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $FixBlock } catch { Write-Error 'Could not disable the EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 flag. Are you an Active Directory or AD CS admin?' } } else { Write-Host "SKIPPED!`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow } } } Write-Host "Mode 4 Complete! There are no more issues that Locksmith can automatically resolve.`n" -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host 'If you experience any operational impact from using Locksmith Mode 4, use ' -NoNewline Write-Host 'Invoke-RevertLocksmith.ps1 ' -ForegroundColor White Write-Host "to revert all changes made by Locksmith. It can be found in the current working directory.`n" Write-Host @" REMINDER: Locksmith cannot automatically resolve all AD CS issues at this time. There may be more AD CS issues remaining in your environment. Use Locksmith in Modes 0-3 to further investigate your environment or reach out to the Locksmith team for assistance. We'd love to help!`n "@ -ForegroundColor Yellow } function Invoke-Scans { [CmdletBinding()] param ( # Could split Scans and PromptMe into separate parameter sets. [Parameter()] [ValidateSet('Auditing', 'ESC1', 'ESC2', 'ESC3', 'ESC4', 'ESC5', 'ESC6', 'ESC8', 'All', 'PromptMe')] [array]$Scans = 'All' ) # Is this needed? if ($Scans -eq $IsNullOrEmpty) { $Scans = 'All' } if ( $Scans -eq 'PromptMe' ) { $GridViewTitle = 'Select the tests to run and press Enter or click OK to continue...' # Check for Out-GridView or Out-ConsoleGridView if ((Get-Command Out-ConsoleGridView -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -and ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -ge 7)) { [array]$Scans = ($Dictionary | Select-Object Name, Category, Subcategory | Out-ConsoleGridView -OutputMode Multiple -Title $GridViewTitle).Name | Sort-Object -Property Name } elseif (Get-Command -Name Out-GridView -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) { [array]$Scans = ($Dictionary | Select-Object Name, Category, Subcategory | Out-GridView -PassThru -Title $GridViewTitle).Name | Sort-Object -Property Name } else { # To Do: Check for admin and prompt to install features/modules or revert to 'All'. Write-Information "Out-GridView and Out-ConsoleGridView were not found on your system. Defaulting to `'All`'." $Scans = 'All' } } switch ( $Scans ) { Auditing { Write-Host 'Identifying auditing issues...' [array]$AuditingIssues = Find-AuditingIssue -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects } ESC1 { Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS templates with dangerous ESC1 configurations...' [array]$ESC1 = Find-ESC1 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers } ESC2 { Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS templates with dangerous ESC2 configurations...' [array]$ESC2 = Find-ESC2 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers } ESC3 { Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS templates with dangerous ESC3 configurations...' [array]$ESC3 = Find-ESC3Condition1 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers [array]$ESC3 += Find-ESC3Condition2 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers } ESC4 { Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS template and other objects with poor access control (ESC4)...' [array]$ESC4 = Find-ESC4 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers -DangerousRights $DangerousRights -SafeOwners $SafeOwners } ESC5 { Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS template and other objects with poor access control (ESC5)...' [array]$ESC5 = Find-ESC5 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers -DangerousRights $DangerousRights -SafeOwners $SafeOwners } ESC6 { Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS template and other objects with poor access control (ESC6)...' [array]$ESC6 = Find-ESC6 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects } ESC8 { Write-Host 'Identifying HTTP-based certificate enrollment interfaces (ESC8)...' [array]$ESC8 = Find-ESC8 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects } All { Write-Host 'Identifying auditing issues...' [array]$AuditingIssues = Find-AuditingIssue -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS templates with dangerous ESC1 configurations...' [array]$ESC1 = Find-ESC1 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS templates with dangerous ESC2 configurations...' [array]$ESC2 = Find-ESC2 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS templates with dangerous ESC3 configurations...' [array]$ESC3 = Find-ESC3Condition1 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers [array]$ESC3 += Find-ESC3Condition2 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS template and other objects with poor access control (ESC4)...' [array]$ESC4 = Find-ESC4 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers -DangerousRights $DangerousRights -SafeOwners $SafeOwners Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS template and other objects with poor access control (ESC5)...' [array]$ESC5 = Find-ESC5 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -SafeUsers $SafeUsers -DangerousRights $DangerousRights -SafeOwners $SafeOwners Write-Host 'Identifying AD CS template and other objects with poor access control (ESC6)...' [array]$ESC6 = Find-ESC6 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects Write-Host 'Identifying HTTP-based certificate enrollment interfaces (ESC8)...' [array]$ESC8 = Find-ESC8 -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects } } [array]$AllIssues = $AuditingIssues + $ESC1 + $ESC2 + $ESC3 + $ESC4 + $ESC5 + $ESC6 + $ESC8 # If these are all empty = no issues found, exit if ((!$AuditingIssues) -and (!$ESC1) -and (!$ESC2) -and (!$ESC3) -and (!$ESC4) -and (!$ESC5) -and (!$ESC6) -and (!$ESC8) ) { Write-Host "`n$(Get-Date) : No ADCS issues were found." -ForegroundColor Green break } # Return a hash table of array names (keys) and arrays (values) so they can be directly referenced with other functions Return @{ AllIssues = $AllIssues AuditingIssues = $AuditingIssues ESC1 = $ESC1 ESC2 = $ESC2 ESC3 = $ESC3 ESC4 = $ESC4 ESC5 = $ESC5 ESC6 = $ESC6 ESC8 = $ESC8 } } <# .SYNOPSIS Create a dictionary of the escalation paths and insecure configurations that Locksmith scans for. .DESCRIPTION The New-Dictionary function is used to instantiate an array of objects that contain the names, definitions, descriptions, code used to find, code used to fix, and reference URLs. This is invoked by the module's main function. .NOTES VulnerableConfigurationItem Class Definition: Version Update each time the class definition or the dictionary below is changed. Name The short name of the vulnerable configuration item (VCI). Category The high level category of VCI types, including escalation path, server configuration, GPO setting, etc. Subcategory The subcategory of vulnerable configuration item types. Summary A summary of the vulnerability and how it can be abused. FindIt The name of the function that is used to look for the VCI, stored as an invokable scriptblock. FixIt The name of the function that is used to fix the VCI, stored as an invokable scriptblock. ReferenceUrls An array of URLs that are used as references to learn more about the VCI. #> function New-Dictionary { class VulnerableConfigurationItem { static [string] $Version = '2023.10.01.000' [string]$Name [ValidateSet('Escalation Path', 'Server Configuration', 'GPO Setting')][string]$Category [string]$Subcategory [string]$Summary [scriptblock]$FindIt [scriptblock]$FixIt [uri[]]$ReferenceUrls } [VulnerableConfigurationItem[]]$Dictionary = @( [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC1' Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'Vulnerable Client Authentication Templates' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC1 } FixIt = { Write-Output "Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration." } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=Misconfigured%20Certificate%20Templates%20%E2%80%94%20ESC1' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC2' Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'Vulnerable SubCA/Any Purpose Templates' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC2 } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=Misconfigured%20Certificate%20Templates%20%E2%80%94%20ESC2' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC3' Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'Vulnerable Enrollment Agent Templates' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC3Condition1 Find-ESC3Condition2 } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=Enrollment%20Agent%20Templates%20%E2%80%94%20ESC3' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC4'; Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'Certificate Templates with Vulnerable Access Controls' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC4 } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=Vulnerable%20Certificate%20Template%20Access%20Control%20%E2%80%94%20ESC4' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC5'; Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'PKI Objects with Vulnerable Access Control' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC5 } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=Vulnerable%20PKI%20Object%20Access%20Control%20%E2%80%94%20ESC5' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC6' Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC6 } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2%20%E2%80%94%20ESC6' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC7' Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'Vulnerable Certificate Authority Access Control' Summary = '' FindIt = { Write-Output 'We have not created Find-ESC7 yet.' } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=Vulnerable%20Certificate%20Authority%20Access%20Control%20%E2%80%94%20ESC7' }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'ESC8' Category = 'Escalation Path' Subcategory = 'AD CS HTTP Endpoints Vulnerable to NTLM Relay' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-ESC8 } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = 'https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2#:~:text=NTLM%20Relay%20to%20AD%20CS%20HTTP%20Endpoints' }, # [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ # Name = 'ESC9' # Category = 'Escalation Path' # Subcategory = '' # Summary = '' # FindIt = {Find-ESC9} # FixIt = {Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.'} # ReferenceUrls = '' # }, # [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ # Name = 'ESC10' # Category = 'Escalation Path' # Subcategory = '' # Summary = '' # FindIt = {Find-ESC10} # FixIt = {Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.'} # ReferenceUrls = '' # }, # [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ # Name = 'ESC11' # Category = 'Escalation Path' # Subcategory = '' # Summary = '' # FindIt = {Find-ESC11} # FixIt = {Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.'} # ReferenceUrls = '' # }, [VulnerableConfigurationItem]@{ Name = 'Auditing' Category = 'Server Configuration' Subcategory = 'Gaps in auditing on certificate authorities and AD CS objects.' Summary = '' FindIt = { Find-AuditingIssue } FixIt = { Write-Output 'Add code to fix the vulnerable configuration.' } ReferenceUrls = @('https://github.com/TrimarcJake/Locksmith', 'https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-directory-services-team/designing-and-implementing-a-pki-part-i-design-and-planning/ba-p/396953') } ) Return $Dictionary } function New-OutputPath { [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)] param () # Create one output directory per forest foreach ( $forest in $Targets ) { $ForestPath = $OutputPath + "`\" + $forest New-Item -Path $ForestPath -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null } } function Set-AdditionalCAProperty { [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)] param ( [parameter( Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)] [array]$ADCSObjects, [PSCredential]$Credential ) process { $ADCSObjects | Where-Object objectClass -Match 'pKIEnrollmentService' | ForEach-Object { [string]$CAEnrollmentEndpoint = $_.'msPKI-Enrollment-Servers' | Select-String 'http.*' | ForEach-Object { $_.Matches[0].Value } [string]$CAFullName = "$($_.dNSHostName)\$($_.Name)" $CAHostname = $_.dNSHostName.split('.')[0] # $CAName = $_.Name if ($Credential) { $CAHostDistinguishedName = (Get-ADObject -Filter { (Name -eq $CAHostName) -and (objectclass -eq 'computer') } -Server $ForestGC -Credential $Credential).DistinguishedName $CAHostFQDN = (Get-ADObject -Filter { (Name -eq $CAHostName) -and (objectclass -eq 'computer') } -Properties DnsHostname -Server $ForestGC -Credential $Credential).DnsHostname } else { $CAHostDistinguishedName = (Get-ADObject -Filter { (Name -eq $CAHostName) -and (objectclass -eq 'computer') } -Server $ForestGC ).DistinguishedName $CAHostFQDN = (Get-ADObject -Filter { (Name -eq $CAHostName) -and (objectclass -eq 'computer') } -Properties DnsHostname -Server $ForestGC).DnsHostname } $ping = Test-Connection -ComputerName $CAHostFQDN -Quiet -Count 1 if ($ping) { try { if ($Credential) { $CertutilAudit = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $CAHostname -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { param($CAFullName); certutil -config $CAFullName -getreg CA\AuditFilter } -ArgumentList $CAFullName } else { $CertutilAudit = certutil -config $CAFullName -getreg CA\AuditFilter } } catch { $AuditFilter = 'Failure' } try { if ($Credential) { $CertutilFlag = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $CAHostname -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { param($CAFullName); certutil -config $CAFullName -getreg policy\EditFlags } -ArgumentList $CAFullName } else { $CertutilFlag = certutil -config $CAFullName -getreg policy\EditFlags } } catch { $AuditFilter = 'Failure' } } else { $AuditFilter = 'CA Unavailable' $SANFlag = 'CA Unavailable' } if ($CertutilAudit) { try { [string]$AuditFilter = $CertutilAudit | Select-String 'AuditFilter REG_DWORD = ' | Select-String '\(' $AuditFilter = $AuditFilter.split('(')[1].split(')')[0] } catch { try { [string]$AuditFilter = $CertutilAudit | Select-String 'AuditFilter REG_DWORD = ' $AuditFilter = $AuditFilter.split('=')[1].trim() } catch { $AuditFilter = 'Never Configured' } } } if ($CertutilFlag) { [string]$SANFlag = $CertutilFlag | Select-String ' EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 -- 40000 \(' if ($SANFlag) { $SANFlag = 'Yes' } else { $SANFlag = 'No' } } Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AuditFilter -Value $AuditFilter -Force Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CAEnrollmentEndpoint -Value $CAEnrollmentEndpoint -Force Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CAFullName -Value $CAFullName -Force Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CAHostname -Value $CAHostname -Force Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CAHostDistinguishedName -Value $CAHostDistinguishedName -Force Add-Member -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SANFlag -Value $SANFlag -Force } } } function Set-Severity { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [array]$Issue ) foreach ($Finding in $Issue) { try { # Auditing if ($Finding.Technique -eq 'DETECT') { return 'Medium' } # ESC6 if ($Finding.Technique -eq 'ESC6') { return 'High' } # ESC8 if ($Finding.Technique -eq 'ESC8') { return 'High' } # ESC1, ESC2, ESC4, ESC5 $SID = ConvertFrom-IdentityReference -Object $Finding.IdentityReference if ($SID -match $SafeUsers -or $SID -match $SafeOwners) { return 'Medium' } if (($SID -notmatch $SafeUsers -and $SID -notmatch $SafeOwners) -and ($Finding.ActiveDirectoryRights -match $DangerousRights)) { return 'Critical' } } catch { Write-Error "Could not determine issue severity for issue: $($Issue.Issue)" return 'Unknown Failure' } } } function Test-IsADAdmin { <# .SYNOPSIS Tests if the current user has administrative rights in Active Directory. .DESCRIPTION This function returns True if the current user is a Domain Admin (or equivalent) or False if not. .EXAMPLE Test-IsADAdmin .EXAMPLE if (!(Test-IsADAdmin)) { Write-Host "You are not running with Domain Admin rights and will not be able to make certain changes." -ForeGroundColor Yellow } #> if ( # Need to test to make sure this checks domain groups and not local groups, particularly for 'Administrators' (reference SID instead of name?). ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole("Domain Admin") -or ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole("Administrators") -or ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole("Enterprise Admins") ) { Return $true } else { Return $false } } function Test-IsElevated { <# .SYNOPSIS Tests if PowerShell is running with elevated privileges (run as Administrator). .DESCRIPTION This function returns True if the script is being run as an administrator or False if not. .EXAMPLE Test-IsElevated .EXAMPLE if (!(Test-IsElevated)) { Write-Host "You are not running with elevated privileges and will not be able to make any changes." -ForeGroundColor Yellow } .EXAMPLE # Prompt to launch elevated if not already running as administrator: if (!(Test-IsElevated)) { $arguments = "& '" + $myinvocation.mycommand.definition + "'" Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $arguments Break } #> $identity = [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent() $principal = New-Object Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal $identity $principal.IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltinRole]::Administrator) } function Test-IsLocalAccountSession { <# .SYNOPSIS Tests if the current session is running under a local user account or a domain account. .DESCRIPTION This function returns True if the current session is a local user or False if it is a domain user. .EXAMPLE Test-IsLocalAccountSession .EXAMPLE if ( (Test-IsLocalAccountSession) ) { Write-Host "You are running this script under a local account." -ForeGroundColor Yellow } #> [CmdletBinding()] $CurrentSID = [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().User.Value $LocalSIDs = (Get-LocalUser).SID.Value if ($CurrentSID -in $LocalSIDs) { Return $true } } function Test-IsMemberOfProtectedUsers { <# .SYNOPSIS Check to see if a user is a member of the Protected Users group. .DESCRIPTION This function checks to see if a specified user or the current user is a member of the Protected Users group in AD. .PARAMETER User The user that will be checked for membership in the Protected Users group. This parameter accepts input from the pipeline. .EXAMPLE This example will check if JaneDoe is a member of the Protected Users group. Test-IsMemberOfProtectedUsers -User JaneDoe .EXAMPLE This example will check if the current user is a member of the Protected Users group. Test-IsMemberOfProtectedUsers .INPUTS Active Directory user object, user SID, SamAccountName, etc .OUTPUTS Boolean .NOTES Membership in Active Directory's Protect Users group can have implications for anything that relies on NTLM authentication. #> [CmdletBinding()] param ( # User parameter accepts any input that is valid for Get-ADUser [Parameter( ValueFromPipeline = $true )] $User ) Import-Module ActiveDirectory # Use the currently logged in user if none is specified # Get the user from Active Directory if (-not($User)) { $CurrentUser = ([System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name).Split('\')[-1] $CheckUser = Get-ADUser $CurrentUser } else { $CheckUser = Get-ADUser $User } # Get the Protected Users group by SID instead of by its name to ensure compatibility with any locale or language. $DomainSID = (Get-ADDomain).DomainSID.Value $ProtectedUsersSID = "$DomainSID-525" # Get members of the Protected Users group for the current domain. Recuse in case groups are nested in it. $ProtectedUsers = Get-ADGroupMember -Identity $ProtectedUsersSID -Recursive | Select-Object -Unique # Check if the current user is in the 'Protected Users' group if ($ProtectedUsers -contains $CheckUser) { Write-Verbose "$($CheckUser.Name) ($($CheckUser.DistinguishedName)) is a member of the Protected Users group." $true } else { Write-Verbose "$($CheckUser.Name) ($($CheckUser.DistinguishedName)) is not a member of the Protected Users group." $false } } function Test-IsRSATInstalled { <# .SYNOPSIS Tests if the RSAT AD PowerShell module is installed. .DESCRIPTION This function returns True if the RSAT AD PowerShell module is installed or False if not. .EXAMPLE Test-IsElevated #> if (Get-Module -Name 'ActiveDirectory' -ListAvailable) { $true } else { $false } } function Invoke-Locksmith { <# .SYNOPSIS Finds the most common malconfigurations of Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS). .DESCRIPTION Locksmith uses the Active Directory (AD) Powershell (PS) module to identify 6 misconfigurations commonly found in Enterprise mode AD CS installations. .COMPONENT Locksmith requires the AD PS module to be installed in the scope of the Current User. If Locksmith does not identify the AD PS module as installed, it will attempt to install the module. If module installation does not complete successfully, Locksmith will fail. .PARAMETER Mode Specifies sets of common script execution modes. -Mode 0 Finds any malconfigurations and displays them in the console. No attempt is made to fix identified issues. -Mode 1 Finds any malconfigurations and displays them in the console. Displays example Powershell snippet that can be used to resolve the issue. No attempt is made to fix identified issues. -Mode 2 Finds any malconfigurations and writes them to a series of CSV files. No attempt is made to fix identified issues. -Mode 3 Finds any malconfigurations and writes them to a series of CSV files. Creates code snippets to fix each issue and writes them to an environment-specific custom .PS1 file. No attempt is made to fix identified issues. -Mode 4 Finds any malconfigurations and creates code snippets to fix each issue. Attempts to fix all identified issues. This mode may require high-privileged access. .PARAMETER Scans Specify which scans you want to run. Available scans: 'All' or Auditing, ESC1, ESC2, ESC3, ESC4, ESC5, ESC6, ESC8, or 'PromptMe' -Scans All Run all scans (default) -Scans PromptMe Presents a grid view of the available scan types that can be selected and run them after you click OK. .PARAMETER OutputPath Specify the path where you want to save reports and mitigation scripts. .INPUTS None. You cannot pipe objects to Invoke-Locksmith.ps1. .OUTPUTS Output types: 1. Console display of identified issues 2. Console display of identified issues and their fixes 3. CSV containing all identified issues 4. CSV containing all identified issues and their fixes .NOTES Windows PowerShell cmdlet Restart-Service requires RunAsAdministrator #> [CmdletBinding()] param ( [string]$Forest, [string]$InputPath, [int]$Mode = 0, [Parameter()] [ValidateSet('Auditing', 'ESC1', 'ESC2', 'ESC3', 'ESC4', 'ESC5', 'ESC6', 'ESC8', 'All', 'PromptMe')] [array]$Scans = 'All', [string]$OutputPath = (Get-Location).Path, [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential ) $Version = '2024.1' $LogoPart1 = @" _ _____ _______ _ _ _______ _______ _____ _______ _ _ | | | | |____/ |______ | | | | | |_____| |_____ |_____| |_____ | \_ ______| | | | __|__ | | | "@ $LogoPart2 = @" .--. .--. .--. /.-. '----------. /.-. '----------. /.-. '----------. \'-' .---'-''-'-' \'-' .--'--''-'-' \'-' .--'--'-''-' '--' '--' '--' "@ $VersionBanner = " v$Version" Write-Host $LogoPart1 -ForegroundColor Magenta Write-Host $LogoPart2 -ForegroundColor White Write-Host $VersionBanner -ForegroundColor Red # Check if ActiveDirectory PowerShell module is available, and attempt to install if not found $RSATInstalled = Test-IsRSATInstalled if ($RSATInstalled) { # Continue } else { Install-RSATADPowerShell } # Exit if running in restricted admin mode without explicit credentials if (!$Credential -and (Get-RestrictedAdminModeSetting)) { Write-Warning "Restricted Admin Mode appears to be in place, re-run with the '-Credential domain\user' option" break; } # Initial variables $AllDomainsCertPublishersSIDs = @() $AllDomainsDomainAdminSIDs = @() $ClientAuthEKUs = '1\.3\.6\.1\.5\.5\.7\.3\.2|1\.3\.6\.1\.5\.2\.3\.4|1\.3\.6\.1\.4\.1\.311\.20\.2\.2|2\.5\.29\.37\.0' $DangerousRights = 'GenericAll|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|WriteProperty' $EnrollmentAgentEKU = '1\.3\.6\.1\.4\.1\.311\.20\.2\.1' $SafeObjectTypes = '0e10c968-78fb-11d2-90d4-00c04f79dc55|a05b8cc2-17bc-4802-a710-e7c15ab866a2' $SafeOwners = '-512$|-519$|-544$|-18$|-517$|-500$' $SafeUsers = '-512$|-519$|-544$|-18$|-517$|-500$|-516$|-9$|-526$|-527$|S-1-5-10' $UnsafeOwners = 'S-1-1-0|-11$|-513$|-515$' $UnsafeUsers = 'S-1-1-0|-11$|-513$|-515$' # Generated variables $Dictionary = New-Dictionary $ForestGC = $(Get-ADDomainController -Discover -Service GlobalCatalog -ForceDiscover | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Hostname) + ":3268" $DNSRoot = [string]((Get-ADForest).RootDomain | Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot $EnterpriseAdminsSID = ([string]((Get-ADForest).RootDomain | Get-ADDomain).DomainSID) + '-519' $PreferredOwner = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($EnterpriseAdminsSID) $DomainSIDs = (Get-ADForest).Domains | ForEach-Object { (Get-ADDomain $_).DomainSID.Value } $DomainSIDs | ForEach-Object { $AllDomainsCertPublishersSIDs += $_ + '-517' $AllDomainsDomainAdminSIDs += $_ + '-512' } # Add SIDs of (probably) Safe Users to $SafeUsers Get-ADGroupMember $EnterpriseAdminsSID | ForEach-Object { $SafeUsers += '|' + $_.SID.Value } (Get-ADForest).Domains | ForEach-Object { $DomainSID = (Get-ADDomain $_).DomainSID.Value $SafeGroupRIDs = @('-517', '-512') $SafeGroupSIDs = @('S-1-5-32-544') foreach ($rid in $SafeGroupRIDs ) { $SafeGroupSIDs += $DomainSID + $rid } foreach ($sid in $SafeGroupSIDs) { $users += (Get-ADGroupMember $sid -Server $_ -Recursive).SID.Value } foreach ($user in $users) { $SafeUsers += '|' + $user } } if ($Credential) { $Targets = Get-Target -Credential $Credential } else { $Targets = Get-Target } Write-Host "Gathering AD CS Objects from $($Targets)..." if ($Credential) { $ADCSObjects = Get-ADCSObject -Targets $Targets -Credential $Credential Set-AdditionalCAProperty -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -Credential $Credential $ADCSObjects += Get-CAHostObject -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -Credential $Credential $CAHosts = Get-CAHostObject -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects -Credential $Credential $CAHosts | ForEach-Object { $SafeUsers += '|' + $_.Name } } else { $ADCSObjects = Get-ADCSObject -Targets $Targets Set-AdditionalCAProperty -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects += Get-CAHostObject -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects $CAHosts = Get-CAHostObject -ADCSObjects $ADCSObjects $CAHosts | ForEach-Object { $SafeUsers += '|' + $_.Name } } if ( $Scans ) { # If the Scans parameter was used, Invoke-Scans with the specified checks. $Results = Invoke-Scans -Scans $Scans # Re-hydrate the findings arrays from the Results hash table $AllIssues = $Results['AllIssues'] $AuditingIssues = $Results['AuditingIssues'] $ESC1 = $Results['ESC1'] $ESC2 = $Results['ESC2'] $ESC3 = $Results['ESC3'] $ESC4 = $Results['ESC4'] $ESC5 = $Results['ESC5'] $ESC6 = $Results['ESC6'] $ESC8 = $Results['ESC8'] } # If these are all empty = no issues found, exit if ($null -eq $Results) { Write-Host "`n$(Get-Date) : No ADCS issues were found.`n" -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host 'Thank you for using ' -NoNewline Write-Host "❤ Locksmith ❤ `n" -ForegroundColor Magenta break } switch ($Mode) { 0 { Format-Result $AuditingIssues '0' Format-Result $ESC1 '0' Format-Result $ESC2 '0' Format-Result $ESC3 '0' Format-Result $ESC4 '0' Format-Result $ESC5 '0' Format-Result $ESC6 '0' Format-Result $ESC8 '0' } 1 { Format-Result $AuditingIssues '1' Format-Result $ESC1 '1' Format-Result $ESC2 '1' Format-Result $ESC3 '1' Format-Result $ESC4 '1' Format-Result $ESC5 '1' Format-Result $ESC6 '1' Format-Result $ESC8 '1' } 2 { $Output = 'ADCSIssues.CSV' Write-Host "Writing AD CS issues to $Output..." try { $AllIssues | Select-Object Forest, Technique, Name, Issue | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $Output Write-Host "$Output created successfully!`n" } catch { Write-Host 'Ope! Something broke.' } } 3 { $Output = 'ADCSRemediation.CSV' Write-Host "Writing AD CS issues to $Output..." try { $AllIssues | Select-Object Forest, Technique, Name, DistinguishedName, Issue, Fix | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $Output Write-Host "$Output created successfully!`n" } catch { Write-Host 'Ope! Something broke.' } } 4 { Invoke-Remediation -AuditingIssues $AuditingIssues -ESC1 $ESC1 -ESC2 $ESC2 -ESC3 $ESC3 -ESC4 $ESC4 -ESC5 $ESC5 -ESC6 $ESC6 } } Write-Host 'Thank you for using ' -NoNewline Write-Host "❤ Locksmith ❤`n" -ForegroundColor Magenta } # Export functions and aliases as required Export-ModuleMember -Function @('Invoke-Locksmith') -Alias @() |