MiniLab

1.0.2

Public/New-SubordinateCA.ps1

<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This function configures the target Windows 2012 R2 or Windows 2016 Server to be a new Enterprise Root Certification Authority.

    .DESCRIPTION
        See .SYNOPSIS

    .NOTES
        # NOTE: For additional guidance, see:
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh831348(v=ws.11)

    .PARAMETER DomainAdminCredentials
        This parameter is MANDATORY.

        This parameter takes a PSCredential. The Domain Admin Credentials will be used to configure the new Subordinate CA. This means that
        the Domain Account provided MUST be a member of the following Security Groups in Active Directory:
            - Domain Admins
            - Domain Users
            - Enterprise Admins
            - Group Policy Creator Owners
            - Schema Admins

    .PARAMETER RootCAIPOrFQDN
        This parameter is MANDATORY.

        This parameter takes a string that represents an IPv4 address or DNS-Resolveable FQDN that refers to the existing
        Enterprise Root CA. When configuring th Subordinate CA, files from the Root CA are needed. This parameter tells the
        Subordinate CA where to find them.

    .PARAMETER SubCAIPOrFQDN
        This parameter is OPTIONAL.

        This parameter takes a string that represents an IPv4 address or DNS-Resolveable FQDN that refers to the target Windows
        Server that will become the new Enterprise Subordinate CA. If it is NOT used, then the localhost will be configured as the
        new Enterprise Subordinate CA.

    .PARAMETER CAType
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "EnterpriseSubordinateCA".

        This parameter takes a string that represents the type of Subordinate Certificate Authority that the target server will become.
        Currently this parameter only accepts "EnterpriseSubordinateCA" as a valid value.

    .PARAMETER NewComputerTemplateCommonName
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "Machine".

        If you would like to make the the custom Computer/Machine Certificate Template generated by the New-RootCA function
        available for use on the Subordinate CA, then set this value to "<DomainPrefix>" + "Computer".

    .PARAMETER NewWebServerTemplateCommonName
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "WebServer".

        If you would like to make the the custom WebServer Certificate Template generated by the New-RootCA function
        available for use on the Subordinate CA, then set this value to "<DomainPrefix>" + "WebServer".

    .PARAMETER FileOutputDirectory
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "C:\NewSubCAOutput".

        This parameter takes a string that represents the full path to a directory that will contain all files generated
        by the New-SubordinateCA function.

    .PARAMETER CryptoProvider
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider".

        This parameter takes a string that represents the Cryptographic Provider used by the new Subordinate CA.
        Currently, the only valid value for this parameter is "Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider".

    .PARAMETER KeyLength
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is 2048.

        This parameter takes an integer with value 2048 or 4096.

    .PARAMETER HashAlgorithm
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is SHA256.

        This parameter takes a string with acceptable values as follows: "SHA1","SHA256","SHA384","SHA512","MD5","MD4","MD2"

    .PARAMETER KeyAlgorithmValue
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is RSA.

        This parameter takes a string with acceptable values: "RSA"

    .PARAMETER CDPUrl
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "http://pki.$DomainName/certdata/<CaName><CRLNameSuffix>.crl"

        This parameter takes a string that represents a Certificate Distribution List Revocation URL.

    .PARAMETER AIAUrl
        This parameter is OPTIONAL, however, its default value is "http://pki.$DomainName/certdata/<CaName><CertificateName>.crt"

        This parameter takes a string that represents an Authority Information Access (AIA) Url (i.e. the location where the certificate of
        of certificate's issuer can be downloaded).

    .EXAMPLE
        # Make the localhost a Subordinate CA

        PS C:\Users\zeroadmin> $DomainAdminCreds = [pscredential]::new("alpha\alphaadmin",$(Read-Host 'Enter Passsword' -AsSecureString))
        Enter Passsword: ************
        PS C:\Users\zeroadmin> $CreateSubCASplatParams = @{
        >> DomainAdminCredentials = $DomainAdminCreds
        >> RootCAIPOrFQDN = "192.168.2.112"
        >> }
        PS C:\Users\zeroadmin> $CreateSubCAResult = Create-SubordinateCA @CreateSubCASplatParams

    .EXAMPLE
        # Make the Remote Host a Subordinate CA

        PS C:\Users\zeroadmin> $DomainAdminCreds = [pscredential]::new("alpha\alphaadmin",$(Read-Host 'Enter Passsword' -AsSecureString))
        Enter Passsword: ************
        PS C:\Users\zeroadmin> $CreateSubCASplatParams = @{
        >> DomainAdminCredentials = $DomainAdminCreds
        >> RootCAIPOrFQDN = "192.168.2.112"
        >> SubCAIPOrFQDN = "192.168.2.113"
        >> }
        PS C:\Users\zeroadmin> $CreateSubCAResult = Create-SubordinateCA @CreateSubCASplatParams
        
#>
function New-SubordinateCA {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
        [string]$RootCAIPOrFQDN,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
        [pscredential]$DomainAdminCredentials,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [string]$SubCAIPOrFQDN,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [ValidateSet("EnterpriseSubordinateCA")]
        [string]$CAType,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [string]$NewComputerTemplateCommonName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [string]$NewWebServerTemplateCommonName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [string]$FileOutputDirectory,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        <#
        [ValidateSet("Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1.0","Microsoft Base DSS and Diffie-Hellman Cryptographic Provider",
        "Microsoft Base DSS Cryptographic Provider","Microsoft Base Smart Card Crypto Provider",
        "Microsoft DH SChannel Cryptographic Provider","Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0",
        "Microsoft Enhanced DSS and Diffie-Hellman Cryptographic Provider",
        "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider","Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider",
        "Microsoft Strong Cryptographic Provider","Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider",
        "Microsoft Passport Key Storage Provider")]
        #>
        [ValidateSet("Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider")]
        [string]$CryptoProvider,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [ValidateSet("2048","4096")]
        [int]$KeyLength,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [ValidateSet("SHA1","SHA256","SHA384","SHA512","MD5","MD4","MD2")]
        [string]$HashAlgorithm,

        # For now, stick to just using RSA
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        #[ValidateSet("RSA","DH","DSA","ECDH_P256","ECDH_P521","ECDSA_P256","ECDSA_P384","ECDSA_P521")]
        [ValidateSet("RSA")]
        [string]$KeyAlgorithmValue,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [ValidatePattern('http.*?\/<CaName><CRLNameSuffix>\.crl$')]
        [string]$CDPUrl,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [ValidatePattern('http.*?\/<CaName><CertificateName>.crt$')]
        [string]$AIAUrl
    )

    #region >> Helper Functions

    # NewUniqueString
    # TestIsValidIPAddress
    # ResolveHost
    # GetDomainController

    function SetupSubCA {
        [CmdletBinding()]
        param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [pscredential]$DomainAdminCredentials,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [System.Collections.ArrayList]$NetworkInfoPSObjects,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidateSet("EnterpriseSubordinateCA")]
            [string]$CAType,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [string]$NewComputerTemplateCommonName,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [string]$NewWebServerTemplateCommonName,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [string]$FileOutputDirectory,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidateSet("Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider")]
            [string]$CryptoProvider,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidateSet("2048","4096")]
            [int]$KeyLength,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidateSet("SHA1","SHA256","SHA384","SHA512","MD5","MD4","MD2")]
            [string]$HashAlgorithm,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidateSet("RSA")]
            [string]$KeyAlgorithmValue,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidatePattern('http.*?\/<CaName><CRLNameSuffix>\.crl$')]
            [string]$CDPUrl,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
            [ValidatePattern('http.*?\/<CaName><CertificateName>.crt$')]
            [string]$AIAUrl
        )

        #region >> Prep

        # Import any Module Dependencies
        $RequiredModules = @("PSPKI","ServerManager")
        $InvModDepSplatParams = @{
            RequiredModules                     = $RequiredModules
            InstallModulesNotAvailableLocally   = $True
            ErrorAction                         = "Stop"
        }
        $ModuleDependenciesMap = InvokeModuleDependencies @InvModDepSplatParams
        $PSPKIModuleVerCheck = $ModuleDependenciesMap.SuccessfulModuleImports | Where-Object {$_.ModuleName -eq "PSPKI"}
        $ServerManagerModuleVerCheck = $ModuleDependenciesMap.SuccessfulModuleImports | Where-Object {$_.ModuleName -eq "ServerManager"}

        # Make sure we can find the Domain Controller(s)
        try {
            $DomainControllerInfo = GetDomainController -Domain $(Get-CimInstance win32_computersystem).Domain -UseLogonServer -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
            if (!$DomainControllerInfo -or $DomainControllerInfo.PrimaryDomainController -eq $null) {throw "Unable to find Primary Domain Controller! Halting!"}
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        # Make sure time is synchronized with NTP Servers/Domain Controllers (i.e. might be using NT5DS instead of NTP)
        # See: https://giritharan.com/time-synchronization-in-active-directory-domain/
        $null = W32tm /resync /rediscover /nowait

        if (!$FileOutputDirectory) {
            $FileOutputDirectory = "C:\NewSubCAOutput"
        }
        if (!$(Test-Path $FileOutputDirectory)) {
            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $FileOutputDirectory 
        }

        $WindowsFeaturesToAdd = @(
            "Adcs-Cert-Authority"
            "Adcs-Web-Enrollment"
            "Adcs-Enroll-Web-Pol"
            "Adcs-Enroll-Web-Svc"
            "Web-Mgmt-Console"
            "RSAT-AD-Tools"
        )
        foreach ($FeatureName in $WindowsFeaturesToAdd) {
            $SplatParams = @{
                Name    = $FeatureName
            }
            if ($FeatureName -eq "Adcs-Cert-Authority") {
                $SplatParams.Add("IncludeManagementTools",$True)
            }

            try {
                $null = Add-WindowsFeature @SplatParams
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error "Problem with 'Add-WindowsFeature $FeatureName'! Halting!"
                $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                return
            }
        }

        $RelevantRootCANetworkInfo = $NetworkInfoPSObjects | Where-Object {$_.ServerPurpose -eq "RootCA"}
        $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo = $NetworkInfoPSObjects | Where-Object {$_.ServerPurpose -eq "SubCA"}

        # Make sure WinRM in Enabled and Running on $env:ComputerName
        try {
            $null = Enable-PSRemoting -Force -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            $NICsWPublicProfile = @(Get-NetConnectionProfile | Where-Object {$_.NetworkCategory -eq 0})
            if ($NICsWPublicProfile.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($Nic in $NICsWPublicProfile) {
                    Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex $Nic.InterfaceIndex -NetworkCategory 'Private'
                }
            }

            try {
                $null = Enable-PSRemoting -Force
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error $_
                Write-Error "Problem with Enable-PSRemoting WinRM Quick Config! Halting!"
                $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                return
            }
        }

        # If $env:ComputerName is not part of a Domain, we need to add this registry entry to make sure WinRM works as expected
        if (!$(Get-CimInstance Win32_Computersystem).PartOfDomain) {
            $null = reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
        }

        # Add the New Server's IP Addresses to $env:ComputerName's TrustedHosts
        $CurrentTrustedHosts = $(Get-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts).Value
        [System.Collections.ArrayList][array]$CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray = $CurrentTrustedHosts -split ','

        $ItemsToAddToWSMANTrustedHosts = @(
            $RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.FQDN
            $RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.HostName
            $RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.IPAddress
            $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN
            $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName
            $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.IPAddress
        )
        foreach ($NetItem in $ItemsToAddToWSMANTrustedHosts) {
            if ($CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray -notcontains $NetItem) {
                $null = $CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray.Add($NetItem)
            }
        }
        $UpdatedTrustedHostsString = $($CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray | Where-Object {![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_)}) -join ','
        Set-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts $UpdatedTrustedHostsString -Force

        # Mount the RootCA Temporary SMB Share To Get the Following Files
        <#
        Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
        ---- ------------- ------ ----
        -a---- 5/22/2018 8:09 AM 1524 CustomComputerTemplate.ldf
        -a---- 5/22/2018 8:09 AM 1517 CustomWebServerTemplate.ldf
        -a---- 5/22/2018 8:07 AM 841 RootCA.alpha.lab_ROOTCA.crt
        -a---- 5/22/2018 8:09 AM 1216 RootCA.alpha.lab_ROOTCA_base64.cer
        -a---- 5/22/2018 8:09 AM 483 ROOTCA.crl
        #>
        # This also serves as a way to determine if the Root CA is ready
        while (!$RootCASMBShareMount) {
            $NewPSDriveSplatParams = @{
                Name            = "R"
                PSProvider      = "FileSystem"
                Root            = "\\$($RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.FQDN)\RootCAFiles"
                Credential      = $DomainAdminCredentials
                ErrorAction     = "SilentlyContinue"
            }
            $RootCASMBShareMount = New-PSDrive @NewPSDriveSplatParams

            if (!$RootCASMBShareMount) {
                Write-Host "Waiting for RootCA SMB Share to become available. Sleeping for 15 seconds..."
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
            }
        }

        #endregion >> Prep

        #region >> Install ADCSCA

        try {
            $CertRequestFile = $FileOutputDirectory + "\" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN + "_" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName + ".csr"
            $FinalCryptoProvider = $KeyAlgorithmValue + "#" + $CryptoProvider
            $InstallADCSCertAuthSplatParams = @{
                Credential                  = $DomainAdminCredentials
                CAType                      = $CAType
                CryptoProviderName          = $FinalCryptoProvider
                KeyLength                   = $KeyLength
                HashAlgorithmName           = $HashAlgorithm
                CACommonName                = $env:ComputerName
                CADistinguishedNameSuffix   = $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainLDAPString
                OutputCertRequestFile       = $CertRequestFile
                Force                       = $True
                ErrorAction                 = "Stop"
            }
            $null = Install-AdcsCertificationAuthority @InstallADCSCertAuthSplatParams *>"$FileOutputDirectory\InstallAdcsCertificationAuthority.log"
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            Write-Error "Problem with Install-AdcsCertificationAuthority cmdlet! Halting!"
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        # Copy RootCA .crt and .crl From Network Share to SubCA CertEnroll Directory
        Copy-Item -Path "$($RootCASMBShareMount.Name)`:\*" -Recurse -Destination "C:\Windows\System32\CertSrv\CertEnroll" -Force

        # Copy RootCA .crt and .crl From Network Share to the $FileOutputDirectory
        Copy-Item -Path "$($RootCASMBShareMount.Name)`:\*" -Recurse -Destination $FileOutputDirectory -Force

        # Install the RootCA .crt to the Certificate Store
        Write-Host "Installing RootCA Certificate via 'certutil -addstore `"Root`" <RootCertFile>'..."
        [array]$RootCACrtFile = Get-ChildItem -Path $FileOutputDirectory -Filter "*.crt"
        if ($RootCACrtFile.Count -eq 0) {
            Write-Error "Unable to find RootCA .crt file under the directory '$FileOutputDirectory'! Halting!"
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }
        if ($RootCACrtFile.Count -gt 1) {
            $RootCACrtFile = $RootCACrtFile | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $($RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.FQDN + "_" + $RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.HostName + '.crt')}
        }
        if ($RootCACrtFile -eq 1) {
            $RootCACrtFile = $RootCACrtFile[0]
        }
        $null = certutil -f -addstore "Root" "$($RootCACrtFile.FullName)"

        # Install RootCA .crl
        Write-Host "Installing RootCA CRL via 'certutil -addstore `"Root`" <RootCRLFile>'..."
        [array]$RootCACrlFile = Get-ChildItem -Path $FileOutputDirectory -Filter "*.crl"
        if ($RootCACrlFile.Count -eq 0) {
            Write-Error "Unable to find RootCA .crl file under the directory '$FileOutputDirectory'! Halting!"
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }
        if ($RootCACrlFile.Count -gt 1) {
            $RootCACrlFile = $RootCACrlFile | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $($RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.HostName + '.crl')}
        }
        if ($RootCACrlFile -eq 1) {
            $RootCACrlFile = $RootCACrlFile[0]
        }
        $null = certutil -f -addstore "Root" "$($RootCACrlFile.FullName)"

        # Create the Certdata IIS folder
        $CertDataIISFolder = "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata"
        if (!$(Test-Path $CertDataIISFolder)) {
            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $CertDataIISFolder -Force
        }

        # Stage certdata IIS site and enable directory browsing
        Write-Host "Enable directory browsing for IIS via appcmd.exe..."
        Copy-Item -Path "$FileOutputDirectory\*" -Recurse -Destination $CertDataIISFolder -Force
        $null = & "C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" set config "Default Web Site/certdata" /section:directoryBrowse /enabled:true

        # Update DNS Alias
        Write-Host "Update DNS with CNAME that refers 'pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)' to '$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN)' ..."
        $LogonServer = $($(Get-CimInstance win32_ntdomain).DomainControllerName | Where-Object {![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_)}).Replace('\\','').Trim()
        $DomainControllerFQDN = $LogonServer + '.' + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName
        Invoke-Command -ComputerName $DomainControllerFQDN -Credential $DomainAdminCredentials -ScriptBlock {
            $NetInfo = $using:RelevantSubCANetworkInfo
            Add-DnsServerResourceRecordCname -Name "pki" -HostnameAlias $NetInfo.FQDN -ZoneName $NetInfo.DomainName
        }

        # Request and Install SCA Certificate from Existing CSR
        $RootCACertUtilLocation = "$($RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.FQDN)\$($RelevantRootCANetworkInfo.HostName)" 
        $SubCACertUtilLocation = "$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN)\$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName)"
        $SubCACerFileOut = $FileOutputDirectory + "\" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN + "_" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName + ".cer"
        $CertificateChainOut = $FileOutputDirectory + "\" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN + "_" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName + ".p7b"
        $SubCACertResponse = $FileOutputDirectory + "\" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.FQDN + "_" + $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName + ".rsp"
        $FileCheck = @($SubCACerFileOut,$CertificateChainOut,$SubCACertResponse)
        foreach ($FilePath in $FileCheck) {
            if (Test-Path $FilePath) {
                Remove-Item $FilePath -Force
            }
        }

        Write-Host "Submitting certificate request for SubCA Cert Authority using certreq..."
        $RequestID = $(certreq -f -q -config "$RootCACertUtilLocation" -submit "$CertRequestFile").split('"')[2]
        Write-Host "Request ID is $RequestID"
        if (!$RequestID) {
            $RequestID = 2
            Write-Host "Request ID is $RequestID"
        }
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        Write-Host "Retrieving certificate request for SubCA Cert Authority using certreq..."
        $null = certreq -f -q -retrieve -config $RootCACertUtilLocation $RequestID $SubCACerFileOut $CertificateChainOut
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        

        # Install the Certificate Chain on the SubCA
        # Manually create the .p7b file...
        <#
        $CertsCollections = [Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2Collection]::new()
        $X509Cert2Info = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2]::new()
        $chain = [Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Chain]::new()
        $X509Cert2Info.Import($SubCACerFileOut)
        $chain.ChainPolicy.RevocationMode = "NoCheck"
        $null = $chain.Build($X509Cert2Info)
        $chain.ChainElements | ForEach-Object {[void]$CertsCollections.Add($_.Certificate)}
        $chain.Reset()
        Set-Content -Path $CertificateChainOut -Value $CertsCollections.Export("pkcs7") -Encoding Byte
        #>
        Write-Host "Accepting $SubCACerFileOut using certreq.exe ..."
        $null = certreq -f -q -accept $SubCACerFileOut
        Write-Host "Installing $CertificateChainOut to $SubCACertUtilLocation ..."
        $null = certutil -f -config $SubCACertUtilLocation -installCert $CertificateChainOut
  
        try {
            Restart-Service certsvc -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Running") {
            Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to start..."
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        }

        # Enable the Subordinate CA to issue Certificates with Subject Alternate Names (SAN)
        Write-Host "Enable the Subordinate CA to issue Certificates with Subject Alternate Names (SAN) via certutil command..."
        $null = certutil -f -setreg policy\\EditFlags +EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2

        try {
            $null = Stop-Service certsvc -Force -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Stopped") {
            Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to stop..."
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        }

        # Install Certification Authority Web Enrollment
        try {
            Write-Host "Running Install-AdcsWebEnrollment cmdlet..."
            $null = Install-AdcsWebEnrollment -Force *>"$FileOutputDirectory\InstallAdcsWebEnrollment.log"
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        try {
            $null = Start-Service certsvc -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Running") {
            Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to start..."
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        }

        while (!$ADCSEnrollWebSvcSuccess) {
            try {
                Write-Host "Running Install-AdcsEnrollmentWebService cmdlet..."
                $EWebSvcSplatParams = @{
                    AuthenticationType          = "UserName"
                    ApplicationPoolIdentity     = $True
                    CAConfig                    = $SubCACertUtilLocation
                    Force                       = $True
                    ErrorAction                 = "Stop"
                }
                # Install Certificate Enrollment Web Service
                $ADCSEnrollmentWebSvcInstallResult = Install-AdcsEnrollmentWebService @EWebSvcSplatParams *>"$FileOutputDirectory\ADCSEnrWebSvcInstall.log"
                $ADCSEnrollWebSvcSuccess = $True
                $ADCSEnrollmentWebSvcInstallResult | Export-CliXml "$HOME\ADCSEnrollmentWebSvcInstallResult.xml"
            }
            catch {
                try {
                    $null = Restart-Service certsvc -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Error $_
                    $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                    return
                }

                while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Running") {
                    Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to start..."
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
                }

                Write-Host "The 'Install-AdcsEnrollmentWebService' cmdlet failed. Trying again in 5 seconds..."
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
            }
        }

        # Publish SubCA CRL
        # Generate New CRL and Copy Contents of CertEnroll to $FileOutputDirectory
        # NOTE: The below 'certutil -crl' outputs the new .crl file to "C:\Windows\System32\CertSrv\CertEnroll"
        # which happens to contain some other important files that we'll need
        Write-Host "Publishing SubCA CRL ..."
        $null = certutil -f -crl
        Copy-Item -Path "C:\Windows\System32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\*" -Recurse -Destination $FileOutputDirectory -Force
        # Convert SubCA .crt DER Certificate to Base64 Just in Case You Want to Use With Linux
        $CrtFileItem = Get-ChildItem -Path $FileOutputDirectory -File -Recurse | Where-Object {$_.Name -match "$env:ComputerName\.crt"}
        $null = certutil -f -encode $($CrtFileItem.FullName) $($CrtFileItem.FullName -replace '\.crt','_base64.cer')
        
        # Copy SubCA CRL From SubCA CertEnroll directory to C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata" do
        $SubCACrlFileItem = $(Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\Windows\System32\CertSrv\CertEnroll" -File | Where-Object {$_.Name -match "\.crl"} | Sort-Object -Property LastWriteTime)[-1]
        Copy-Item -Path $SubCACrlFileItem.FullName -Destination "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata\$($SubCACrlFileItem.Name)" -Force
        
        # Copy SubCA Cert From $FileOutputDirectory to C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata
        $SubCACerFileItem = Get-ChildItem -Path $FileOutputDirectory -File -Recurse | Where-Object {$_.Name -match "$env:ComputerName\.cer"}
        Copy-Item $SubCACerFileItem.FullName -Destination "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata\$($SubCACerFileItem.Name)"

        # Import New Certificate Templates that were exported by the RootCA to a Network Share
        # NOTE: This shouldn't be necessary if we're using and Enterprise Root CA. If it's a Standalone Root CA,
        # this IS necessary.
        #ldifde -i -k -f $($RootCASMBShareMount.Name + ':\' + $NewComputerTemplateCommonName + '.ldf')
        #ldifde -i -k -f $($RootCASMBShareMount.Name + ':\' + $NewWebServerTemplateCommonName + '.ldf')
        
        try {
            if ($PSPKIModuleVerCheck.ModulePSCompatibility -eq "WinPS") {
                # Add New Cert Templates to List of Temps to Issue using the PSPKI Module
                $null = Get-CertificationAuthority -Name $env:ComputerName | Get-CATemplate | Add-CATemplate -Name $NewComputerTemplateCommonName | Set-CATemplate
                $null = Get-CertificationAuthority -Name $env:ComputerName | Get-CATemplate | Add-CATemplate -Name $NewWebServerTemplateCommonName | Set-CATemplate
            }
            else {
                $null = Invoke-WinCommand -ComputerName localhost -ScriptBlock {
                    # Add New Cert Templates to List of Temps to Issue using the PSPKI Module
                    $null = Get-CertificationAuthority -Name $env:ComputerName | Get-CATemplate | Add-CATemplate -Name $NewComputerTemplateCommonName | Set-CATemplate
                    $null = Get-CertificationAuthority -Name $env:ComputerName | Get-CATemplate | Add-CATemplate -Name $NewWebServerTemplateCommonName | Set-CATemplate
                } -ArgumentList $NewComputerTemplateCommonName,$NewWebServerTemplateCommonName
            }
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        # Request PKI WebServer Alias Certificate
        # Make sure time is synchronized with NTP Servers/Domain Controllers (i.e. might be using NT5DS instead of NTP)
        # See: https://giritharan.com/time-synchronization-in-active-directory-domain/
        $null = W32tm /resync /rediscover /nowait

        Write-Host "Requesting PKI Website WebServer Certificate..."
        $PKIWebsiteCertFileOut = "$FileOutputDirectory\pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName).cer"
        $PKIWebSiteCertInfFile = "$FileOutputDirectory\pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName).inf"
        $PKIWebSiteCertRequestFile = "$FileOutputDirectory\pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName).csr"

        $inf = @(
            '[Version]'
            'Signature="$Windows NT$"'
            ''
            '[NewRequest]'
            "FriendlyName = pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)"
            "Subject = `"CN=pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)`""
            'KeyLength = 2048'
            'HashAlgorithm = SHA256'
            'Exportable = TRUE'
            'KeySpec = 1'
            'KeyUsage = 0xa0'
            'MachineKeySet = TRUE'
            'SMIME = FALSE'
            'PrivateKeyArchive = FALSE'
            'UserProtected = FALSE'
            'UseExistingKeySet = FALSE'
            'ProviderName = "Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider"'
            'ProviderType = 12'
            'RequestType = PKCS10'
            ''
            '[Extensions]'
            '2.5.29.17 = "{text}"'
            "_continue_ = `"dns=pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)&`""
            "_continue_ = `"ipaddress=$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.IPAddress)&`""
        )

        $inf | Out-File $PKIWebSiteCertInfFile
        # NOTE: The generation of a Certificate Request File using the below "certreq.exe -new" command also adds the CSR to the
        # Client Machine's Certificate Request Store located at PSDrive "Cert:\CurrentUser\REQUEST"
        # There doesn't appear to be an equivalent to this using PowerShell cmdlets
        $null = certreq.exe -f -new "$PKIWebSiteCertInfFile" "$PKIWebSiteCertRequestFile"
        $null = certreq.exe -f -submit -attrib "CertificateTemplate:$NewWebServerTemplateCommonName" -config "$SubCACertUtilLocation" "$PKIWebSiteCertRequestFile" "$PKIWebsiteCertFileOut"

        if (!$(Test-Path $PKIWebsiteCertFileOut)) {
            Write-Error "There was a problem requesting a WebServer Certificate from the Subordinate CA for the PKI (certsrv) website! Halting!"
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }
        else {
            Write-Host "Received $PKIWebsiteCertFileOut..."
        }

        # Copy PKI SubCA Alias Cert From $FileOutputDirectory to C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata
        Copy-Item -Path $PKIWebsiteCertFileOut -Destination "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\certdata\pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName).cer"

        # Get the Thumbprint of the pki website certificate
        # NOTE: At this point, pki.<domain>.cer Certificate should already be loaded in the SubCA's (i.e. $env:ComputerName's)
        # Certificate Store. The thumbprint is how we reference the specific Certificate in the Store.
        $X509Cert2Info = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2]::new()
        $X509Cert2Info.Import($PKIWebsiteCertFileOut)
        $PKIWebsiteCertThumbPrint = $X509Cert2Info.ThumbPrint
        $SubCACertThumbprint = $(Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object {$_.Subject -match "CN=$env:ComputerName,"}).Thumbprint

        # Install the PKIWebsite Certificate under Cert:\CurrentUser\My
        Write-Host "Importing the PKI Website Certificate to Cert:\CurrentUser\My ..."
        $null = Import-Certificate -FilePath $PKIWebsiteCertFileOut -CertStoreLocation "Cert:\LocalMachine\My"
        $PKICertSerialNumber = $(Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object {$_.Thumbprint -eq $PKIWebsiteCertThumbPrint}).SerialNumber
        # Make sure it is ready to be used by IIS by ensuring the Private Key is readily available
        Write-Host "Make sure PKI Website Certificate is ready to be used by IIS by running 'certutil -repairstore'..."
        $null = certutil -repairstore "My" $PKICertSerialNumber

        Write-Host "Running Install-AdcsEnrollmentPolicyWebService cmdlet..."
        while (!$ADCSEnrollmentPolicySuccess) {
            try {
                $EPolSplatParams = @{
                    AuthenticationType      = "UserName"
                    SSLCertThumbprint       = $SubCACertThumbprint
                    Force                   = $True
                    ErrorAction             = "Stop"
                }
                $ADCSEnrollmentPolicyInstallResult = Install-AdcsEnrollmentPolicyWebService @EPolSplatParams
                $ADCSEnrollmentPolicySuccess = $True
                $ADCSEnrollmentPolicyInstallResult | Export-CliXml "$HOME\ADCSEnrollmentPolicyInstallResult.xml"
            }
            catch {
                try {
                    $null = Restart-Service certsvc -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Error $_
                    $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                    return
                }

                while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Running") {
                    Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to start..."
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
                }

                Write-Host "The 'Install-AdcsEnrollmentPolicyWebService' cmdlet failed. Trying again in 5 seconds..."
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
            }
        }

        try {
            Write-Host "Configuring CRL, CDP, AIA, CA Auditing..."
            # Configure CRL, CDP, AIA, CA Auditing
            # Update CRL Validity period
            $null = certutil -f -setreg CA\\CRLPeriod "Weeks"
            $null = certutil -f -setreg CA\\CRLPeriodUnits 4
            $null = certutil -f -setreg CA\\CRLOverlapPeriod "Days"
            $null = certutil -f -setreg CA\\CRLOverlapUnits 3

            if ($PSPKIModuleVerCheck.ModulePSCompatibility -eq "WinPS") {
                # Remove pre-existing http CDP, add custom CDP
                $null = Get-CACrlDistributionPoint | Where-Object { $_.URI -like "http#*" } | Remove-CACrlDistributionPoint -Force
                $null = Add-CACrlDistributionPoint -Uri $CDPUrl -AddToCertificateCdp -Force

                # Remove pre-existing http AIA, add custom AIA
                $null = Get-CAAuthorityInformationAccess | Where-Object { $_.Uri -like "http*" } | Remove-CAAuthorityInformationAccess -Force
                $null = Add-CAAuthorityInformationAccess -Uri $AIAUrl -AddToCertificateAIA -Force
            }
            else {
                $null = Invoke-WinCommand -ComputerName localhost -ScriptBlock {
                    # Remove pre-existing http CDP, add custom CDP
                    $null = Get-CACrlDistributionPoint | Where-Object { $_.URI -like "http#*" } | Remove-CACrlDistributionPoint -Force
                    $null = Add-CACrlDistributionPoint -Uri $args[0] -AddToCertificateCdp -Force

                    # Remove pre-existing http AIA, add custom AIA
                    $null = Get-CAAuthorityInformationAccess | Where-Object { $_.Uri -like "http*" } | Remove-CAAuthorityInformationAccess -Force
                    $null = Add-CAAuthorityInformationAccess -Uri $args[1] -AddToCertificateAIA -Force
                } -ArgumentList $CDPUrl,$AIAUrl
            }

            # Enable all event auditing
            $null = certutil -f -setreg CA\\AuditFilter 127
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        try {
            Restart-Service certsvc -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Running") {
            Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to start..."
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        }

        #endregion >> Install ADCSCA

        #region >> Finish IIS Config

        # Configure HTTPS Binding
        try {
            Write-Host "Configuring IIS https binding to use $PKIWebsiteCertFileOut..."
            Import-Module WebAdministration
            Remove-Item IIS:\SslBindings\*
            $null = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object {$_.Thumbprint -eq $PKIWebsiteCertThumbPrint} | New-Item IIS:\SslBindings\0.0.0.0!443
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        # Configure Application Settings
        Write-Host "Configuring IIS Application Settings via appcmd.exe..."
        $null = & "C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe" set config /commit:MACHINE /section:appSettings /+"[key='Friendly Name',value='$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName) Domain Certification Authority']"

        try {
            Restart-Service certsvc -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        while ($(Get-Service certsvc).Status -ne "Running") {
            Write-Host "Waiting for the 'certsvc' service to start..."
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        }

        try {
            Restart-Service iisadmin -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error $_
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        while ($(Get-Service iisadmin).Status -ne "Running") {
            Write-Host "Waiting for the 'iis' service to start..."
            Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
        }

        #endregion >> Finish IIS Config

        [pscustomobject]@{
            PKIWebsiteUrls                  = @("https://pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)/certsrv","https://pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.IPAddress)/certsrv")
            PKIWebsiteCertSSLCertificate    = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My | Where-Object {$_.Thumbprint -eq $PKIWebsiteCertThumbPrint}
            AllOutputFiles                  = Get-ChildItem $FileOutputDirectory
        }
    }

    #endregion >> Helper Functions

    
    #region >> Initial Prep

    $ElevationCheck = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal]::new([System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
    if (!$ElevationCheck) {
        Write-Error "You must run the build.ps1 as an Administrator (i.e. elevated PowerShell Session)! Halting!"
        $global:FunctionResult = "1"
        return
    }

    $PrimaryIfIndex = $(Get-CimInstance Win32_IP4RouteTable | Where-Object {
        $_.Destination -eq '0.0.0.0' -and $_.Mask -eq '0.0.0.0'
    } | Sort-Object Metric1)[0].InterfaceIndex
    $NicInfo = Get-CimInstance Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | Where-Object {$_.InterfaceIndex -eq $PrimaryIfIndex}
    $PrimaryIP = $NicInfo.IPAddress | Where-Object {TestIsValidIPAddress -IPAddress $_}

    [System.Collections.ArrayList]$NetworkLocationObjsToResolve = @(
        [pscustomobject]@{
            ServerPurpose       = "RootCA"
            NetworkLocation     = $RootCAIPOrFQDN
        }
    )
    if ($PSBoundParameters['SubCAIPOrFQDN']) {
        $SubCAPSObj = [pscustomobject]@{
            ServerPurpose       = "SubCA"
            NetworkLocation     = $SubCAIPOrFQDN
        }
    }
    else {
        $SubCAPSObj = [pscustomobject]@{
            ServerPurpose       = "SubCA"
            NetworkLocation     = $env:ComputerName + "." + $(Get-CimInstance win32_computersystem).Domain
        }
    }
    $null = $NetworkLocationObjsToResolve.Add($SubCAPSObj)

    [System.Collections.ArrayList]$NetworkInfoPSObjects = @()
    foreach ($NetworkLocationObj in $NetworkLocationObjsToResolve) {
        if ($($NetworkLocation -split "\.")[0] -ne $env:ComputerName -and
        $NetworkLocation -ne $PrimaryIP -and
        $NetworkLocation -ne "$env:ComputerName.$($(Get-CimInstance win32_computersystem).Domain)"
        ) {
            try {
                $NetworkInfo = ResolveHost -HostNameOrIP $NetworkLocationObj.NetworkLocation
                $DomainName = $NetworkInfo.Domain
                $FQDN = $NetworkInfo.FQDN
                $IPAddr = $NetworkInfo.IPAddressList[0]
                $DomainShortName = $($DomainName -split "\.")[0]
                $DomainLDAPString = $(foreach ($StringPart in $($DomainName -split "\.")) {"DC=$StringPart"}) -join ','

                if (!$NetworkInfo -or $DomainName -eq "Unknown" -or !$DomainName -or $FQDN -eq "Unknown" -or !$FQDN) {
                    throw "Unable to gather Domain Name and/or FQDN info about '$NetworkLocation'! Please check DNS. Halting!"
                }
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error $_
                $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                return
            }

            # Make sure WinRM in Enabled and Running on $env:ComputerName
            try {
                $null = Enable-PSRemoting -Force -ErrorAction Stop
            }
            catch {
                $NICsWPublicProfile = @(Get-NetConnectionProfile | Where-Object {$_.NetworkCategory -eq 0})
                if ($NICsWPublicProfile.Count -gt 0) {
                    foreach ($Nic in $NICsWPublicProfile) {
                        Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex $Nic.InterfaceIndex -NetworkCategory 'Private'
                    }
                }

                try {
                    $null = Enable-PSRemoting -Force
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Error $_
                    Write-Error "Problem with Enabble-PSRemoting WinRM Quick Config! Halting!"
                    $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                    return
                }
            }

            # If $env:ComputerName is not part of a Domain, we need to add this registry entry to make sure WinRM works as expected
            if (!$(Get-CimInstance Win32_Computersystem).PartOfDomain) {
                $null = reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
            }

            # Add the New Server's IP Addresses to $env:ComputerName's TrustedHosts
            $CurrentTrustedHosts = $(Get-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts).Value
            [System.Collections.ArrayList][array]$CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray = $CurrentTrustedHosts -split ','

            $ItemsToAddToWSMANTrustedHosts = @($IPAddr,$FQDN,$($($FQDN -split "\.")[0]))
            foreach ($NetItem in $ItemsToAddToWSMANTrustedHosts) {
                if ($CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray -notcontains $NetItem) {
                    $null = $CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray.Add($NetItem)
                }
            }
            $UpdatedTrustedHostsString = $($CurrentTrustedHostsAsArray | Where-Object {![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_)}) -join ','
            Set-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts $UpdatedTrustedHostsString -Force
        }
        else {
            $DomainName = $(Get-CimInstance win32_computersystem).Domain
            $DomainShortName = $($DomainName -split "\.")[0]
            $DomainLDAPString = $(foreach ($StringPart in $($DomainName -split "\.")) {"DC=$StringPart"}) -join ','
            $FQDN = $env:ComputerName + '.' + $DomainName
            $IPAddr = $PrimaryIP
        }

        $PSObj = [pscustomobject]@{
            ServerPurpose       = $NetworkLocationObj.ServerPurpose
            FQDN                = $FQDN
            HostName            = $($FQDN -split "\.")[0]
            IPAddress           = $IPAddr
            DomainName          = $DomainName
            DomainShortName     = $DomainShortName
            DomainLDAPString    = $DomainLDAPString
        }
        $null = $NetworkInfoPSObjects.Add($PSObj)
    }

    $RelevantRootCANetworkInfo = $NetworkInfoPSObjects | Where-Object {$_.ServerPurpose -eq "RootCA"}
    $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo = $NetworkInfoPSObjects | Where-Object {$_.ServerPurpose -eq "SubCA"}

    # Set some defaults if certain paramters are not used
    if (!$CAType) {
        $CAType = "EnterpriseSubordinateCA"
    }
    if (!$NewComputerTemplateCommonName) {
        #$NewComputerTemplateCommonName = $DomainShortName + "Computer"
        $NewComputerTemplateCommonName = "Machine"
    }
    if (!$NewWebServerTemplateCommonName) {
        #$NewWebServerTemplateCommonName = $DomainShortName + "WebServer"
        $NewWebServerTemplateCommonName = "WebServer"
    }
    if (!$FileOutputDirectory) {
        $FileOutputDirectory = "C:\NewSubCAOutput"
    }
    if (!$CryptoProvider) {
        $CryptoProvider = "Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider"
    }
    if (!$KeyLength) {
        $KeyLength = 2048
    }
    if (!$HashAlgorithm) {
        $HashAlgorithm = "SHA256"
    }
    if (!$KeyAlgorithmValue) {
        $KeyAlgorithmValue = "RSA"
    }
    if (!$CDPUrl) {
        $CDPUrl = "http://pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)/certdata/<CaName><CRLNameSuffix>.crl"
    }
    if (!$AIAUrl) {
        $AIAUrl = "http://pki.$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.DomainName)/certdata/<CaName><CertificateName>.crt"
    }

    # Create SetupSubCA Helper Function Splat Parameters
    $SetupSubCASplatParams = @{
        DomainAdminCredentials              = $DomainAdminCredentials
        NetworkInfoPSObjects                = $NetworkInfoPSObjects
        CAType                              = $CAType
        NewComputerTemplateCommonName       = $NewComputerTemplateCommonName
        NewWebServerTemplateCommonName      = $NewWebServerTemplateCommonName
        FileOutputDirectory                 = $FileOutputDirectory
        CryptoProvider                      = $CryptoProvider
        KeyLength                           = $KeyLength
        HashAlgorithm                       = $HashAlgorithm
        KeyAlgorithmValue                   = $KeyAlgorithmValue
        CDPUrl                              = $CDPUrl
        AIAUrl                              = $AIAUrl
    }

    # Install any required PowerShell Modules
    <#
    # NOTE: This is handled by the MiniLab Module Import
    $RequiredModules = @("PSPKI")
    $InvModDepSplatParams = @{
        RequiredModules = $RequiredModules
        InstallModulesNotAvailableLocally = $True
        ErrorAction = "Stop"
    }
    $ModuleDependenciesMap = InvokeModuleDependencies @InvModDepSplatParams
    #>

    #endregion >> Initial Prep


    #region >> Do SubCA Install

    if ($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.HostName -ne $env:ComputerName) {
        $PSSessionName = NewUniqueString -ArrayOfStrings $(Get-PSSession).Name -PossibleNewUniqueString "ToSubCA"

        # Try to create a PSSession to the server that will become the Subordate CA for 15 minutes, then give up
        $Counter = 0
        while (![bool]$(Get-PSSession -Name $PSSessionName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
            try {
                $SubCAPSSession = New-PSSession -ComputerName $RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.IPAddress -Credential $DomainAdminCredentials -Name $PSSessionName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                if (![bool]$(Get-PSSession -Name $PSSessionName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {throw}
            }
            catch {
                if ($Counter -le 60) {
                    Write-Warning "New-PSSession '$PSSessionName' failed. Trying again in 15 seconds..."
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
                }
                else {
                    Write-Error "Unable to create new PSSession to '$PSSessionName' using account '$($DomainAdminCredentials.UserName)'! Halting!"
                    $global:FunctionResult = "1"
                    return
                }
            }
            $Counter++
        }

        if (!$SubCAPSSession) {
            Write-Error "Unable to create a PSSession to the intended Subordinate CA Server at '$($RelevantSubCANetworkInfo.IPAddress)'! Halting!"
            $global:FunctionResult = "1"
            return
        }

        # Transfer any Required Modules that were installed on $env:ComputerName from an external source
        $NeededModules = @("PSPKI")
        [System.Collections.ArrayList]$ModulesToTransfer = @()
        foreach ($ModuleResource in $NeededModules) {
            $ModMapObj = $script:ModuleDependenciesMap.SuccessfulModuleImports | Where-Object {$_.ModuleName -eq $ModuleResource}
            if ($ModMapObj.ModulePSCompatibility -ne "WinPS") {
                $ModuleBase = Invoke-WinCommand -ComputerName localhost -ScriptBlock {
                    if (![bool]$(Get-Module -ListAvailable $args[0])) {
                        Install-Module $args[0]
                    }
                    if (![bool]$(Get-Module -ListAvailable $args[0])) {
                        Write-Error $("Problem installing" + $args[0])
                    }
                    $Module = Get-Module -ListAvailable $args[0]
                    $($Module.ModuleBase -split $args[0])[0] + $args[0]
                } -ArgumentList $ModuleResource
            }
            else {
                $ModuleBase = $($ModMapObj.ManifestFileItem.FullName -split $ModuleResource)[0] + $ModuleResource
            }
            
            $null = $ModulesToTransfer.Add($ModuleBase)
        }

        $ProgramFilesPSModulePath = "C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules"
        foreach ($ModuleDirPath in $ModulesToTransfer) {
            $CopyItemSplatParams = @{
                Path            = $ModuleDirPath
                Recurse         = $True
                Destination     = "$ProgramFilesPSModulePath\$($ModuleDirPath | Split-Path -Leaf)"
                ToSession       = $SubCAPSSession
                Force           = $True
            }
            Copy-Item @CopyItemSplatParams
        }

        # Get ready to run SetupSubCA function remotely as a Scheduled task to that certreq/certutil don't hang due
        # to double-hop issue when requesting a Certificate from the Root CA ...

        $FunctionsForRemoteUse = @(
            ${Function:GetDomainController}.Ast.Extent.Text
            ${Function:SetupSubCA}.Ast.Extent.Text
        )

        # Initialize the Remote Environment
        $FunctionsForRemoteUse = $script:FunctionsForSBUse
        $FunctionsForRemoteUse.Add($(${Function:SetupSubCA}.Ast.Extent.Text))
        $DomainAdminAccount = $DomainAdminCredentials.UserName
        $DomainAdminPwd = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($DomainAdminCredentials.Password))
        $Output = Invoke-Command -Session $SubCAPSSession -ScriptBlock {
            $using:FunctionsForRemoteUse | foreach { Invoke-Expression $_ }
            $script:ModuleDependenciesMap = $args[0]
            ${Function:GetDomainController}.Ast.Extent.Text | Set-Content "$HOME\SetupSubCA.psm1"
            ${Function:SetupSubCA}.Ast.Extent.Text | Add-Content "$HOME\SetupSubCA.psm1"
            ${Function:GetModuleDependencies}.Ast.Extent.Text | Add-Content "$HOME\SetupSubCA.psm1"
            ${Function:InvokePSCompatibility}.Ast.Extent.Text | Add-Content "$HOME\SetupSubCA.psm1"
            ${Function:InvokeModuleDependencies}.Ast.Extent.Text | Add-Content "$HOME\SetupSubCA.psm1"
            $using:NetworkInfoPSObjects | Export-CliXml "$HOME\NetworkInfoPSObjects.xml"

            $ExecutionScript = @(
                'Start-Transcript -Path "$HOME\NewSubCATask.log" -Append'
                ''
                'Import-Module "$HOME\SetupSubCA.psm1"'
                '$NetworkInfoPSObjects = Import-CliXML "$HOME\NetworkInfoPSObjects.xml"'
                ''
                "`$DomainAdminPwdSS = ConvertTo-SecureString '$using:DomainAdminPwd' -AsPlainText -Force"
                "`$DomainAdminCredentials = [pscredential]::new('$using:DomainAdminAccount',`$DomainAdminPwdSS)"
                ''
                '$SetupSubCASplatParams = @{'
                ' DomainAdminCredentials = $DomainAdminCredentials'
                ' NetworkInfoPSObjects = $NetworkInfoPSObjects'
                " CAType = '$using:CAType'"
                " NewComputerTemplateCommonName = '$using:NewComputerTemplateCommonName'"
                " NewWebServerTemplateCommonName = '$using:NewWebServerTemplateCommonName'"
                " FileOutputDirectory = '$using:FileOutputDirectory'"
                " CryptoProvider = '$using:CryptoProvider'"
                " KeyLength = '$using:KeyLength'"
                " HashAlgorithm = '$using:HashAlgorithm'"
                " KeyAlgorithmValue = '$using:KeyAlgorithmValue'"
                " CDPUrl = '$using:CDPUrl'"
                " AIAUrl = '$using:AIAUrl'"
                '}'
                ''
                ' SetupSubCA @SetupSubCASplatParams -OutVariable Output -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable NewSubCAErrs'
                ''
                ' $Output | Export-CliXml "$HOME\SetupSubCAOutput.xml"'
                ''
                ' if ($NewSubCAErrs) {'
                ' Write-Warning "Ignored errors are as follows:"'
                ' Write-Error ($NewSubCAErrs | Select-Object -Unique | Out-String)'
                ' }'
                ''
                ' Stop-Transcript'
                ''
                ' # Delete this script file after it is finished running'
                ' Remove-Item -LiteralPath $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path -Force'
                ''
            )
            
            Set-Content -Path "$HOME\NewSubCAExecutionScript.ps1" -Value $ExecutionScript

            $Trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Once -At $(Get-Date).AddSeconds(10)
            $Trigger.EndBoundary = $(Get-Date).AddHours(4).ToString('s')
            # IMPORTANT NORE: The double quotes around the -File value are MANDATORY. They CANNOT be single quotes or without quotes
            # or the Scheduled Task will error out!
            $null = Register-ScheduledTask -Force -TaskName NewSubCA -User $using:DomainAdminCredentials.UserName -Password $using:DomainAdminPwd -Action $(
                New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "powershell.exe" -Argument "-NoProfile -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File `"$HOME\NewSubCAExecutionScript.ps1`""
            ) -Trigger $Trigger -Settings $(New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -DeleteExpiredTaskAfter 00:00:01)

            Start-Sleep -Seconds 15

            if ($(Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName 'NewSubCA').State -eq "Ready") {
                Start-ScheduledTask -TaskName "NewSubCA"
            }

            # Wait 60 minutes...
            $Counter = 0
            while ($(Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName 'NewSubCA').State  -ne 'Ready' -and $Counter -le 100) {
                $PercentComplete = [Math]::Round(($Counter/60)*100)
                Write-Progress -Activity "Running Scheduled Task 'NewSubCA'" -Status "$PercentComplete% Complete:" -PercentComplete $PercentComplete
                Start-Sleep -Seconds 60
                $Counter++
            }

            # Wait another 30 minutes for up to 2 more hours...
            $FinalCounter = 0
            while ($(Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName 'NewSubCA').State  -ne 'Ready' -and $FinalCounter -le 4) {
                $Counter = 0
                while ($(Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName 'NewSubCA').State  -ne 'Ready' -and $Counter -le 100) {
                    if ($Counter -eq 0) {Write-Host "The Scheduled Task 'NewSubCA' needs a little more time to finish..."}
                    $PercentComplete = [Math]::Round(($Counter/30)*100)
                    Write-Progress -Activity "Running Scheduled Task 'NewSubCA'" -Status "$PercentComplete% Complete:" -PercentComplete $PercentComplete
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 60
                    $Counter++
                }
                $FinalCounter++
            }

            if ($(Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName 'NewSubCA').State  -ne 'Ready') {
                Write-Warning "The Scheduled Task 'NewSubCA' has been running for over 3 hours and has not finished! Stopping and removing..."
                Stop-ScheduledTask -TaskName "NewSubCA"
            }

            $null = Unregister-ScheduledTask -TaskName "NewSubCA" -Confirm:$False

            if (Test-Path "$HOME\SetupSubCAOutput.xml") {
                Write-Host "The Subordinate CA has been configured successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green
                Import-CliXML "$HOME\SetupSubCAOutput.xml"
            }
            elseif (Test-Path "$HOME\NewSubCATask.log") {
                Write-Warning "The Subordinate CA was NOT configured within 3 hours! Please review the below log output"
                Get-Content "$HOME\NewSubCATask.log"
            }
            else {
                Write-Warning "The Subordinate CA was NOT configured within 3 hours and no log file indicating progress was generated!"
                Write-Warning "Please review the content of the following files:"
                [array]$FilesToReview = Get-ChildItem $HOME -File | Where-Object {$_.Extension -match '\.ps1|\.log|\.xml'}
                $FilesToReview.FullName
            }
        } -ArgumentList $script:ModuleDependenciesMap
    }
    else {
        Write-Host "This will take about 1 hour...go grab a coffee..."
        $Output = SetupSubCA @SetupSubCASplatParams
    }

    $Output

    #endregion >> Do SubCA Install

    
}

# SIG # Begin signature block
# MIIMiAYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIMeTCCDHUCAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMGkGCisGAQQB
# gjcCAQSgWzBZMDQGCisGAQQBgjcCAR4wJgIDAQAABBAfzDtgWUsITrck0sYpfvNR
# AgEAAgEAAgEAAgEAAgEAMCEwCQYFKw4DAhoFAAQUsrOWP5KLoEAJMWULO3ELzz8A
# RPegggn9MIIEJjCCAw6gAwIBAgITawAAAB/Nnq77QGja+wAAAAAAHzANBgkqhkiG
# 9w0BAQsFADAwMQwwCgYDVQQGEwNMQUIxDTALBgNVBAoTBFpFUk8xETAPBgNVBAMT
# CFplcm9EQzAxMB4XDTE3MDkyMDIxMDM1OFoXDTE5MDkyMDIxMTM1OFowPTETMBEG
# CgmSJomT8ixkARkWA0xBQjEUMBIGCgmSJomT8ixkARkWBFpFUk8xEDAOBgNVBAMT
# B1plcm9TQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDCwqv+ROc1
# bpJmKx+8rPUUfT3kPSUYeDxY8GXU2RrWcL5TSZ6AVJsvNpj+7d94OEmPZate7h4d
# gJnhCSyh2/3v0BHBdgPzLcveLpxPiSWpTnqSWlLUW2NMFRRojZRscdA+e+9QotOB
# aZmnLDrlePQe5W7S1CxbVu+W0H5/ukte5h6gsKa0ktNJ6X9nOPiGBMn1LcZV/Ksl
# lUyuTc7KKYydYjbSSv2rQ4qmZCQHqxyNWVub1IiEP7ClqCYqeCdsTtfw4Y3WKxDI
# JaPmWzlHNs0nkEjvnAJhsRdLFbvY5C2KJIenxR0gA79U8Xd6+cZanrBUNbUC8GCN
# wYkYp4A4Jx+9AgMBAAGjggEqMIIBJjASBgkrBgEEAYI3FQEEBQIDAQABMCMGCSsG
# AQQBgjcVAgQWBBQ/0jsn2LS8aZiDw0omqt9+KWpj3DAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUicLX4r2C
# Kn0Zf5NYut8n7bkyhf4wGQYJKwYBBAGCNxQCBAweCgBTAHUAYgBDAEEwDgYDVR0P
# AQH/BAQDAgGGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUdpW6phL2RQNF
# 7AZBgQV4tgr7OE0wMQYDVR0fBCowKDAmoCSgIoYgaHR0cDovL3BraS9jZXJ0ZGF0
# YS9aZXJvREMwMS5jcmwwPAYIKwYBBQUHAQEEMDAuMCwGCCsGAQUFBzAChiBodHRw
# Oi8vcGtpL2NlcnRkYXRhL1plcm9EQzAxLmNydDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEA
# tyX7aHk8vUM2WTQKINtrHKJJi29HaxhPaHrNZ0c32H70YZoFFaryM0GMowEaDbj0
# a3ShBuQWfW7bD7Z4DmNc5Q6cp7JeDKSZHwe5JWFGrl7DlSFSab/+a0GQgtG05dXW
# YVQsrwgfTDRXkmpLQxvSxAbxKiGrnuS+kaYmzRVDYWSZHwHFNgxeZ/La9/8FdCir
# MXdJEAGzG+9TwO9JvJSyoGTzu7n93IQp6QteRlaYVemd5/fYqBhtskk1zDiv9edk
# mHHpRWf9Xo94ZPEy7BqmDuixm4LdmmzIcFWqGGMo51hvzz0EaE8K5HuNvNaUB/hq
# MTOIB5145K8bFOoKHO4LkTCCBc8wggS3oAMCAQICE1gAAAH5oOvjAv3166MAAQAA
# AfkwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwPTETMBEGCgmSJomT8ixkARkWA0xBQjEUMBIGCgmS
# JomT8ixkARkWBFpFUk8xEDAOBgNVBAMTB1plcm9TQ0EwHhcNMTcwOTIwMjE0MTIy
# WhcNMTkwOTIwMjExMzU4WjBpMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMCUEExFTAT
# BgNVBAcTDFBoaWxhZGVscGhpYTEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlNYWdnaW8gSW5jMQswCQYD
# VQQLEwJJVDESMBAGA1UEAxMJWmVyb0NvZGUyMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOC
# AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxX0+4yas6xfiaNVVVZJB2aRK+gS3iEMLx8wMF3kLJYLJyR+l
# rcGF/x3gMxcvkKJQouLuChjh2+i7Ra1aO37ch3X3KDMZIoWrSzbbvqdBlwax7Gsm
# BdLH9HZimSMCVgux0IfkClvnOlrc7Wpv1jqgvseRku5YKnNm1JD+91JDp/hBWRxR
# 3Qg2OR667FJd1Q/5FWwAdrzoQbFUuvAyeVl7TNW0n1XUHRgq9+ZYawb+fxl1ruTj
# 3MoktaLVzFKWqeHPKvgUTTnXvEbLh9RzX1eApZfTJmnUjBcl1tCQbSzLYkfJlJO6
# eRUHZwojUK+TkidfklU2SpgvyJm2DhCtssFWiQIDAQABo4ICmjCCApYwDgYDVR0P
# AQH/BAQDAgeAMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMDMB0GA1UdDgQWBBS5d2bhatXq
# eUDFo9KltQWHthbPKzAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBSJwtfivYIqfRl/k1i63yftuTKF/jCB
# 6QYDVR0fBIHhMIHeMIHboIHYoIHVhoGubGRhcDovLy9DTj1aZXJvU0NBKDEpLENO
# PVplcm9TQ0EsQ049Q0RQLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNlcnZpY2VzLENOPVNl
# cnZpY2VzLENOPUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9emVybyxEQz1sYWI/Y2VydGlmaWNh
# dGVSZXZvY2F0aW9uTGlzdD9iYXNlP29iamVjdENsYXNzPWNSTERpc3RyaWJ1dGlv
# blBvaW50hiJodHRwOi8vcGtpL2NlcnRkYXRhL1plcm9TQ0EoMSkuY3JsMIHmBggr
# BgEFBQcBAQSB2TCB1jCBowYIKwYBBQUHMAKGgZZsZGFwOi8vL0NOPVplcm9TQ0Es
# Q049QUlBLENOPVB1YmxpYyUyMEtleSUyMFNlcnZpY2VzLENOPVNlcnZpY2VzLENO
# PUNvbmZpZ3VyYXRpb24sREM9emVybyxEQz1sYWI/Y0FDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZT9iYXNl
# P29iamVjdENsYXNzPWNlcnRpZmljYXRpb25BdXRob3JpdHkwLgYIKwYBBQUHMAKG
# Imh0dHA6Ly9wa2kvY2VydGRhdGEvWmVyb1NDQSgxKS5jcnQwPQYJKwYBBAGCNxUH
# BDAwLgYmKwYBBAGCNxUIg7j0P4Sb8nmD8Y84g7C3MobRzXiBJ6HzzB+P2VUCAWQC
# AQUwGwYJKwYBBAGCNxUKBA4wDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDAzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOC
# AQEAszRRF+YTPhd9UbkJZy/pZQIqTjpXLpbhxWzs1ECTwtIbJPiI4dhAVAjrzkGj
# DyXYWmpnNsyk19qE82AX75G9FLESfHbtesUXnrhbnsov4/D/qmXk/1KD9CE0lQHF
# Lu2DvOsdf2mp2pjdeBgKMRuy4cZ0VCc/myO7uy7dq0CvVdXRsQC6Fqtr7yob9NbE
# OdUYDBAGrt5ZAkw5YeL8H9E3JLGXtE7ir3ksT6Ki1mont2epJfHkO5JkmOI6XVtg
# anuOGbo62885BOiXLu5+H2Fg+8ueTP40zFhfLh3e3Kj6Lm/NdovqqTBAsk04tFW9
# Hp4gWfVc0gTDwok3rHOrfIY35TGCAfUwggHxAgEBMFQwPTETMBEGCgmSJomT8ixk
# ARkWA0xBQjEUMBIGCgmSJomT8ixkARkWBFpFUk8xEDAOBgNVBAMTB1plcm9TQ0EC
# E1gAAAH5oOvjAv3166MAAQAAAfkwCQYFKw4DAhoFAKB4MBgGCisGAQQBgjcCAQwx
# CjAIoAKAAKECgAAwGQYJKoZIhvcNAQkDMQwGCisGAQQBgjcCAQQwHAYKKwYBBAGC
# NwIBCzEOMAwGCisGAQQBgjcCARUwIwYJKoZIhvcNAQkEMRYEFFyfuJn/9pbzgXp8
# VVwaWyRN5RPbMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUABIIBAH37M2uBkeyPmRqy5N5QTlA4X+Z4
# ueVpS4kd5Uy0eLTbtN+fcwRoVhOPbdHFAiXAT84VgOWJCYaSfVCQgky5MpDbgoVK
# s0713eIp5vwRqEuPBdpwynPuC+51TDw64ODDsdN1oHv8fPrAO61qkZycf9t4BgsI
# t8WeW37pfFUROTnUSdFZdjeinNkUEmgjGKriZ6X8BRI7/IfntCdBClUkKcjP5+Hd
# S4Fi5hzbrkLiBjCGk+rA/S47+BYi4/zoLvuSaJY2GjINthrfycrJwZZQkCeXdGfA
# oTyLyratWd78rdLYq2Xi18FRIXADUQze6r/N3Kwcq2uiFbkBFQnQ0QL4WRI=
# SIG # End signature block