PSRule.Rules.Azure

1.45.0-B0104

rules/Azure.SQL.Rule.ps1

                                # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.

# Licensed under the MIT License.

#

# Validation rules for Azure SQL Database

#

#region SQL Logical Server

# Synopsis: Determine if there is an excessive number of firewall rules

Rule 'Azure.SQL.FirewallRuleCount' -Ref 'AZR-000183' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $firewallRules = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules');

    $Assert.

    LessOrEqual($firewallRules, '.', 10).

    WithReason(($LocalizedData.ExceededFirewallRuleCount -f $firewallRules.Length, 10), $True);

}

# Synopsis: Determine if access from Azure services is required

Rule 'Azure.SQL.AllowAzureAccess' -Ref 'AZR-000184' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $firewallRules = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules' | Where-Object {

            $_.ResourceName -eq 'AllowAllWindowsAzureIps' -or

        ($_.properties.StartIpAddress -eq '0.0.0.0' -and $_.properties.EndIpAddress -eq '0.0.0.0')

        })

    $firewallRules.Length -eq 0;

}

# Synopsis: Determine if there is an excessive number of permitted IP addresses

Rule 'Azure.SQL.FirewallIPRange' -Ref 'AZR-000185' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $summary = GetIPAddressSummary

    $Assert.

    LessOrEqual($summary, 'Public', 10).

    WithReason(($LocalizedData.DBServerFirewallPublicIPRange -f $summary.Public, 10), $True);

}

# Synopsis: Enable Microsoft Defender for Cloud for Azure SQL logical server

Rule 'Azure.SQL.DefenderCloud' -Alias 'Azure.SQL.ThreatDetection' -Ref 'AZR-000186' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'DP-3' } {

    $configs = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/securityAlertPolicies');

    if ($configs.Length -eq 0) {

        return $Assert.Fail($LocalizedData.SubResourceNotFound, 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/securityAlertPolicies');

    }

    foreach ($config in $configs) {

        $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'Properties.state', 'Enabled');

    }

}

# Synopsis: Enable auditing for Azure SQL logical server.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.Auditing' -Ref 'AZR-000187' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'LT-3' } {

    $configs = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/auditingSettings');

    if ($configs.Length -eq 0) {

        return $Assert.Fail($LocalizedData.SubResourceNotFound, 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/auditingSettings');

    }

    foreach ($config in $configs) {

        $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'Properties.state', 'Enabled');

    }

}

# Synopsis: Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) authentication with Azure SQL databases.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.AAD' -Ref 'AZR-000188' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/administrators' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'IM-1' } {

    # NB: Microsoft.Sql/servers/administrators overrides properties.administrators property.

    $configs = @($TargetObject);

    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers') {

        $configs = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/administrators' -Name 'ActiveDirectory');

        Write-Verbose -Message "Using type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' with $($configs.Length).";

    }

    if ($configs.Length -eq 0 -and $PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers') {

        $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'properties.administrators.administratorType', 'ActiveDirectory');

        $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'properties.administrators.login');

        $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'properties.administrators.sid');

    }

    else {

        foreach ($config in $configs) {

            $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'properties.administratorType', 'ActiveDirectory');

            $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'properties.login');

            $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'properties.sid');

        }

    }

}

# Synopsis: Azure SQL logical server names should meet naming requirements.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.ServerName' -Ref 'AZR-000190' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.CAF' = 'naming' } {

    # https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftsql

    # Between 1 and 63 characters long

    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($PSRule, 'TargetName', 1);

    $Assert.LessOrEqual($PSRule, 'TargetName', 63);

    # Lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens

    # Can't start or end with a hyphen

    $Assert.Match($PSRule, 'TargetName', '^[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]){0,62}$', $True);

}

# Synopsis: Ensure Azure AD-only authentication is enabled with Azure SQL Database.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.AADOnly' -Ref 'AZR-000369' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/azureADOnlyAuthentications' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2023_03'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $types = 'Microsoft.Sql/servers', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/azureADOnlyAuthentications'

    $enabledAADOnly = @(GetAzureSQLADOnlyAuthentication -ResourceType $types | Where-Object { $_ })

    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($enabledAADOnly, '.', 1).Reason($LocalizedData.AzureADOnlyAuthentication)

}

# Synopsis: Ensure SQL logical server has a vulnerability assessment scan enabled.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.VAScan' -Ref 'AZR-000455' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/sqlVulnerabilityAssessments' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2025_03'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $configs = @($TargetObject);

    $classicConfigs = @();

    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers') {

        $configs = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/sqlVulnerabilityAssessments');

        if ($configs.Length -eq 0) {

            $classicConfigs = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/vulnerabilityAssessments');

        }

    }

    if ($configs.Length -eq 0) {

        # Check for classic configuration.

        if ($classicConfigs.Length -gt 0) {

            return $Assert.Pass();

        }

        return $Assert.Fail($LocalizedData.SubResourceNotFound, 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/sqlVulnerabilityAssessments');

    }

    foreach ($config in $configs) {

        $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'properties.state', 'Enabled');

    }

}

#endregion SQL Logical Server

#region SQL Database

# Synopsis: Enable transparent data encryption

Rule 'Azure.SQL.TDE' -Ref 'AZR-000191' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases/transparentDataEncryption' -If { !(IsMasterDatabase) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'DP-3' } {

    $configs = @($TargetObject);

    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases') {

        $configs = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases/transparentDataEncryption');

    }

    if ($configs.Length -eq 0) {

        if (!(IsExport)) {

            return $Assert.Pass();

        }

        return $Assert.Fail($LocalizedData.SubResourceNotFound, 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases/transparentDataEncryption');

    }

    foreach ($config in $configs) {

        if ($Assert.HasField($config, 'Properties.status').Result) {

            $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'Properties.status', 'Enabled');

        }

        else {

            $Assert.HasFieldValue($config, 'Properties.state', 'Enabled');

        }

    }

}

# Synopsis: Azure SQL Database names should meet naming requirements.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.DBName' -Ref 'AZR-000192' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases' -If { !(IsExport) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.CAF' = 'naming' } {

    # https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftsql

    $name = $PSRule.TargetName.Split('/', 2, [System.StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries)[-1];

    # Between 1 and 128 characters long

    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($name, '.', 1);

    $Assert.LessOrEqual($name, '.', 128);

    # Can't use: <>*%&:\/?

    # Can't end with period or space

    $Assert.Match($name, '.', '^(\w|[-=+!$()@~`]|\s|\.){0,127}(\w|[-=+!$()@~`])$');

    # Exclude reserved names

    $Assert.NotIn($name, '.', @('master', 'model', 'tempdb'));

}

#endregion SQL Database

#region Failover group

# Synopsis: Azure SQL failover group names should meet naming requirements.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.FGName' -Ref 'AZR-000193' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/failoverGroups' -If { !(IsExport) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.CAF' = 'naming' } {

    # https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftsql

    $name = $PSRule.TargetName.Split('/')[-1];

    # Between 1 and 63 characters long

    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($name, '.', 1);

    $Assert.LessOrEqual($name, '.', 63);

    # Lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens

    # Can't start or end with a hyphen

    $Assert.Match($name, '.', '^[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]){0,62}$', $True);

}

#endregion Failover group

#region Maintenance window

# Synopsis: Configure a customer-controlled maintenance window for Azure SQL databases.

Rule 'Azure.SQL.MaintenanceWindow' -Ref 'AZR-000440' -Type 'Microsoft.Sql/servers', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/elasticPools' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2024_09'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Reliability'; } {

    $notSupportedSkus = '^(?:GP_Fsv2|HS_DC)_|B|S0|S1'

    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers') {

        # Microsoft.Sql/servers/elasticPools maintenance configuration is inherited to all databases within the pool, so we only need to check databases that is not in a pool.

        $resources = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases', 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/elasticPools' |

            Where-Object { ($_.sku.name -notmatch $notSupportedSkus) -or (-not $_.properties.psobject.Properties['elasticPoolId']) -or ($_.name -notlike '*/master' -or $_.name -eq 'master') })

        if ($resources.Count -eq 0) {

            return $Assert.Pass()

        }

        foreach ($resource in $resources) {

            $Assert.Match($resource, 'properties.maintenanceConfigurationId', '\/publicMaintenanceConfigurations\/SQL_[A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]*_DB_[12]$', $False).

            Reason(

                $LocalizedData.AzureSQLDatabaseMaintenanceWindow,

                $(if ($resource.type -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases') { 'database' } else { 'elastic pool' }),

                $resource.Name

            ).PathPrefix('resources')

        }

    }

    elseif ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases') {

        if (($TargetObject.sku.name -match $notSupportedSkus) -or $TargetObject.properties.psobject.Properties['elasticPoolId'] -or ($PSRule.TargetName -like '*/master' -or $_.name -eq 'master')) {

            return $Assert.Pass()

        }

        $Assert.Match($TargetObject, 'properties.maintenanceConfigurationId', '\/publicMaintenanceConfigurations\/SQL_[A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]*_DB_[12]$', $False).

        Reason(

            $LocalizedData.AzureSQLDatabaseMaintenanceWindow,

            'database',

            $TargetObject.Name

        )

    }

    # Microsoft.Sql/servers/elasticPools maintenance configuration is inherited to all databases within the pool.

    else {

        $Assert.Match($TargetObject, 'properties.maintenanceConfigurationId', '\/publicMaintenanceConfigurations\/SQL_[A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]*_DB_[12]$', $False).

        Reason(

            $LocalizedData.AzureSQLDatabaseMaintenanceWindow,

            'elastic pool',

            $TargetObject.Name

        )

    }

}

#endregion Maintenance window

#region Helper functions

function global:IsMasterDatabase {

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([System.Boolean])]

    param ()

    process {

        return (

            $PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases' -and (

                $PSRule.TargetName -like '*/master' -or

                $PSRule.TargetName -eq 'master'

            )

        );

    }

}

#endregion Helper functions

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