en-US/about_Should.help.txt

TOPIC
    about_Should
 
SHORT DESCRIPTION
    Provides assertion convenience methods for comparing objects and throwing
    test failures when test expectations fail.
 
LONG DESCRIPTION
    Should is an Extension of System.Object and can be used as a native type
    inside Describe blocks. The various Should member methods can be invoked
    directly from an object being compared. It is typically used in individual
    It blocks to verify the results of an expectation. The Should method is
    typically called from the "actual" object being compared and takes the
    expected" object as a parameter. Should includes several members that
    perform various comparisons of objects and will throw a PesterFailure when
    the objects do not evaluate to be comparable.
 
  SHOULD MEMBERS
    Be
        Compares one object with another for equality and throws if the two
        objects are not the same.
 
        $actual="Actual value"
        $actual | Should -Be "actual value" # Test will pass
        $actual | Should -Be "not actual value" # Test will fail
 
    BeExactly
        Compares one object with another for equality and throws if the two objects are not the same. This comparison is case sensitive.
 
        $actual="Actual value"
        $actual | Should -BeExactly "Actual value" # Test will pass
        $actual | Should -BeExactly "actual value" # Test will fail
 
    BeGreaterThan
        Asserts that a number is greater than an expected value. Uses PowerShell's -gt operator to compare the two values.
 
        $Error.Count | Should -BeGreaterThan 0
 
    BeIn
        Asserts that a collection of values contain a specific value. Uses PowerShell's -contains operator to confirm.
 
        1 | Should -BeIn @(1,2,3,'a','b','c')
 
    BeLessThan
        Asserts that a number is less than an expected value. Uses PowerShell's -gt operator to compare the two values.
 
        $Error.Count | Should -BeLessThan 1
 
    BeLike
        Asserts that the actual value matches a wildcard pattern using PowerShell's -like operator. This comparison is not case-sensitive.
 
        $actual="Actual value"
        $actual | Should -BeLike "actual *" # Test will pass
        $actual | Should -BeLike "not actual *" # Test will fail
 
    BeLikeExactly
 
        Asserts that the actual value matches a wildcard pattern using PowerShell's -like operator. This comparison is case-sensitive.
 
        $actual="Actual value"
        $actual | Should -BeLikeExactly "Actual *" # Test will pass
        $actual | Should -BeLikeExactly "actual *" # Test will fail
 
    BeOfType
        Asserts that the actual value should be an object of a specified type (or a subclass of the specified type) using PowerShell's -is operator:
 
        $actual = Get-Item $env:SystemRoot
        $actual | Should -BeOfType System.IO.DirectoryInfo # Test will pass; object is a DirectoryInfo
        $actual | Should -BeOfType System.IO.FileSystemInfo # Test will pass; DirectoryInfo base class is FileSystemInfo
 
        $actual | Should -BeOfType System.IO.FileInfo # Test will fail; FileInfo is not a base class of DirectoryInfo
 
    BeNullOrEmpty
        Checks values for null or empty (strings). The static [String]::IsNullOrEmpty() method is used to do the comparison.
 
        $null | Should -BeNullOrEmpty # Test will pass
        $null | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty # Test will fail
        @() | Should -BeNullOrEmpty # Test will pass
        "" | Should -BeNullOrEmpty # Test will pass
    Exist
        Does not perform any comparison but checks if the object calling Exist
        is present in a PS Provider. The object must have valid path syntax. It
        essentially must pass a Test-Path call.
 
        $actual=(Dir . )[0].FullName
        Remove-Item $actual
        $actual | Should -Exist # Test will fail
 
    FileContentMatch
        Checks to see if a file contains the specified text. This search is not case sensitive and uses regular expressions.
 
        Set-Content -Path TestDrive:\file.txt -Value 'I am a file.'
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch 'I Am' # Test will pass
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch '^I.*file$' # Test will pass
 
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch 'I Am Not' # Test will fail
 
        Tip: Use [regex]::Escape("pattern") to match the exact text.
 
        Set-Content -Path TestDrive:\file.txt -Value 'I am a file.'
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch 'I.am.a.file' # Test will pass
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch ([regex]::Escape('I.am.a.file')) # Test will fail
 
    FileContentMatchExactly
        Checks to see if a file contains the specified text. This search is case sensitive and uses regular expressions to match the text.
 
        Set-Content -Path TestDrive:\file.txt -Value 'I am a file.'
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch 'I am' # Test will pass
        'TestDrive:\file.txt' | Should -FileContentMatch 'I Am' # Test will fail
 
    Match
        Uses a regular expression to compare two objects. This comparison is not case sensitive.
 
        "I am a value" | Should -Match "I Am" # Test will pass
        "I am a value" | Should -Match "I am a bad person" # Test will fail
 
        Tip: Use [regex]::Escape("pattern") to match the exact text.
 
        "Greg" | Should -Match ".reg" # Test will pass
        "Greg" | Should -Match ([regex]::Escape(".reg")) # Test will fail
 
    MatchExactly
        Uses a regular expression to compare two objects. This comparison is case sensitive.
 
        "I am a value" | Should -MatchExactly "I am" # Test will pass
        "I am a value" | Should -MatchExactly "I Am" # Test will fail
 
    Throw
        Checks if an exception was thrown. Enclose input in a script block.
 
        { foo } | Should -Throw # Test will pass
        { $foo = 1 } | Should -Throw # Test will fail
        { foo } | Should -Not -Throw # Test will fail
        { $foo = 1 } | Should -Not -Throw # Test will pass
 
        Warning: The input object must be a ScriptBlock, otherwise it is processed outside of the assertion.
 
        Get-Process -Name "process" -ErrorAction Stop | Should -Throw # Should pass, but the exception thrown by Get-Process causes the test to fail.
 
  NEGATIVE ASSERTIONS
    Any of the Should operators described above can be negated by using the word "Not" before the operator. For example:
 
    'one' | Should -Not -Be 'Two'
    { Get-Item $env:SystemRoot } | Should -Not -Throw
 
  USING SHOULD IN A TEST
 
    function Add-Numbers($a, $b) {
        return $a + $b
    }
 
    Describe "Add-Numbers" {
 
        It "adds positive numbers" {
            $sum = Add-Numbers 2 3
            $sum | Should -Be 3
        }
    }
 
    This test will fail since 3 will not be equal to the sum of 2 and 3.
 
SEE ALSO
  Describe
  Context
  It