Prelude

0.0.78

src/data.ps1

                                # Nouns with the same singular and plural forms

$SameSingularPlural = @(

    'accommodation'

    'advice'

    'alms'

    'aircraft'

    'aluminum'

    'barracks'

    'bison'

    'binoculars'

    'bourgeois'

    'breadfruit'

    'buffalo'

    'cannon'

    'caribou'

    'chalk'

    'chassis'

    'chinos'

    'clippers'

    'clothing'

    'cod'

    'concrete'

    'corps'

    'correspondence'

    'crossroads'

    'data'

    'deer'

    'doldrums'

    'dungarees'

    'education'

    'eggfruit'

    'elk'

    'equipment'

    'eyeglasses'

    'fish'

    'flares'

    'flour'

    'food'

    'fruit'

    'furniture'

    'gallows'

    'goldfish'

    'grapefruit'

    'greenfly'

    'grouse'

    'haddock'

    'halibut'

    'head'

    'headquarters'

    'help'

    'homework'

    'hovercraft'

    'ides'

    'information'

    'insignia'

    'jackfruit'

    'jeans'

    'knickers'

    'knowledge'

    'kudos'

    'leggings'

    'lego'

    'luggage'

    'mathematics'

    'money'

    'moose'

    'monkfish'

    'mullet'

    'nailclippers'

    'news'

    'nitrogen'

    'offspring'

    'oxygen'

    'pants'

    'pyjamas'

    'passionfruit'

    'pike'

    'pliers'

    'police'

    'premises'

    'reindeer'

    'rendezvous'

    'rice'

    'salmon'

    'scissors'

    'series'

    'shambles'

    'sheep'

    'shellfish'

    'shorts'

    'shrimp'

    'smithereens'

    'spacecraft'

    'species'

    'squid'

    'staff'

    'starfruit'

    'statistics'

    'stone'

    'sugar'

    'swine'

    'tights'

    'tongs'

    'traffic'

    'trousers'

    'trout'

    'tuna'

    'tweezers'

    'wheat'

    'whitebait'

    'wood'

    'you'

)

# Nouns with irregular singular/plural forms

$Irregular = @{

    'child' = 'children'

    'cow' = 'cattle'

    'foot' = 'feet'

    'goose' = 'geese'

    'man' = 'men'

    'move' = 'moves'

    'person' = 'people'

    'radius' = 'radii'

    'sex' = 'sexes'

    'tooth' = 'teeth'

    'woman' = 'women'

}

function Format-MoneyValue {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Helper function to create human-readable money (USD) values as strings.

    .EXAMPLE

    42 | ConvertTo-MoneyString

    # Returns "$42.00"

    .EXAMPLE

    55000123.50 | ConvertTo-MoneyString -Symbol ¥

    # Returns '¥55,000,123.50'

    .EXAMPLE

    700 | ConvertTo-MoneyString -Symbol £ -Postfix

    # Returns '700.00£'

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [Alias('money')]

    [OutputType([String])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]

        $Value,

        [String] $Symbol = '$',

        [Switch] $AsNumber,

        [Switch] $Postfix

    )

    Process {

        function Get-Magnitude {

            Param($Value)

            [Math]::Log([Math]::Abs($Value), 10)

        }

        switch -Wildcard ($Value.GetType()) {

            'Int*' {

                $Sign = [Math]::Sign($Value)

                $Output = [Math]::Abs($Value).ToString()

                $OrderOfMagnitude = Get-Magnitude $Value

                if ($OrderOfMagnitude -gt 3) {

                    $Position = 3

                    $Length = $Output.Length

                    for ($Index = 1; $Index -le [Math]::Floor($OrderOfMagnitude / 3); $Index++) {

                        $Output = $Output | Invoke-InsertString ',' -At ($Length - $Position)

                        $Position += 3

                    }

                }

                if ($Postfix) {

                    "$(if ($Sign -lt 0) { '-' } else { '' })${Output}.00$Symbol"

                } else {

                    "$(if ($Sign -lt 0) { '-' } else { '' })$Symbol${Output}.00"

                }

            }

            'Double' {

                $Sign = [Math]::Sign($Value)

                $Output = [Math]::Abs($Value).ToString('#.##')

                $OrderOfMagnitude = Get-Magnitude $Value

                if (($Output | ForEach-Object { $_ -split '\.' } | Select-Object -Skip 1).Length -eq 1) {

                    $Output += '0'

                }

                if (($Value - [Math]::Truncate($Value)) -ne 0) {

                    if ($OrderOfMagnitude -gt 3) {

                        $Position = 6

                        $Length = $Output.Length

                        for ($Index = 1; $Index -le [Math]::Floor($OrderOfMagnitude / 3); $Index++) {

                            $Output = $Output | Invoke-InsertString ',' -At ($Length - $Position)

                            $Position += 3

                        }

                    }

                    if ($Postfix) {

                        "$(if ($Sign -lt 0) { '-' } else { '' })$Output$Symbol"

                    } else {

                        "$(if ($Sign -lt 0) { '-' } else { '' })$Symbol$Output"

                    }

                } else {

                    ($Value.ToString() -as [Int]) | Format-MoneyValue

                }

            }

            'String' {

                $Value = $Value -replace ',', ''

                $Sign = if (([Regex]'\-\$').Match($Value).Success) { -1 } else { 1 }

                if (([Regex]'\$').Match($Value).Success) {

                    $Output = (([Regex]'(?<=(\$))[0-9]*\.?[0-9]{0,2}').Match($Value)).Value

                } else {

                    $Output = (([Regex]'[\-]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]{0,2}').Match($Value)).Value

                }

                $Type = if ($Output.Contains('.')) { [Double] } else { [Int] }

                $Output = $Sign * ($Output -as $Type)

                if (-not $AsNumber) {

                    $Output = $Output | Format-MoneyValue

                }

                $Output

            }

            Default { throw 'Format-MoneyValue only accepts strings and numbers' }

        }

    }

}

function Get-Plural {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Return plural form of a word

    .EXAMPLE

    'boot' | plural

    # returns 'boots'

    .NOTES

    Adapted from the PHP library, [Text-Statistics](https://github.com/DaveChild/Text-Statistics)

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [Alias('plural')]

    [OutputType([String])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]

        [String] $Word

    )

    Begin {

        $Plural = @(

            ('(quiz)$', '${1}zes')

            ('^(ox)$', '${1}en')

            ('([m|l])ouse$', '${1}ice')

            ('(matr|ind|vert)[i|e]x$', '${1}ices')

            ('(x|ch|ss|sh)$', '${1}es')

            ('([^aeiouy]|qu)y$', '${1}ies')

            ('(hive)$', '${1}s')

            ('(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$', '${1}${2}ves')

            ('(shea|lea|loa|thie)f$', '${1}ves')

            ('sis$', 'ses')

            ('([ti])um$', '${1}a')

            ('(tomat|potat|ech|her|vet)o$', '${1}oes')

            ('(bu)s$', '${1}ses')

            ('(alias)$', '${1}es')

            ('(octop)us$', '${1}i')

            ('(ax|test)is$', '${1}es')

            ('(us)$', '${1}es')

            ('s$', 's')

        )

    }

    Process {

        switch ($Word.ToLower()) {

            { $_ -in $SameSingularPlural } {

                $Word

                Break

            }

            { $_ -in $Irregular.Keys } {

                $Irregular.$_

                Break

            }

            { $_ -in $Irregular.Values } {

                $Word

                Break

            }

            Default {

                $Result = "${Word}s"

                $Pairs = Invoke-Chunk $Plural -Size 2

                foreach ($Pair in $Pairs) {

                    [Regex]$Re, $PluralVersion = $Pair

                    if ($Word -match $Re) {

                        $Result = $Word -replace $Re, $PluralVersion

                        Break

                    }

                }

                $Result

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-Singular {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Return singular form of a word

    .EXAMPLE

    'boots' | singular

    # returns 'boot'

    .NOTES

    Adapted from the PHP library, [Text-Statistics](https://github.com/DaveChild/Text-Statistics)

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [Alias('singular')]

    [OutputType([String])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]

        [String] $Word

    )

    Begin {

        $Singular = @(

            ('(quiz)zes$', '${1}')

            ('(matr)ices$', '${1}ix')

            ('(vert|ind)ices$', '${1}ex')

            ('^(ox)en$', '${1}')

            ('(alias)es$', '${1}')

            ('(octop|vir)i$', '${1}us')

            ('(cris|ax|test)es$', '${1}is')

            ('(shoe)s$', '${1}')

            ('(o)es$', '${1}')

            ('(bus)es$', '${1}')

            ('([m|l])ice$', '${1}ouse')

            ('(x|ch|ss|sh)es$', '${1}')

            ('(m)ovies$', '${1}ovie')

            ('(s)eries$', '${1}eries')

            ('([^aeiouy]|qu)ies$', '${1}y')

            ('([lr])ves$', '${1}f')

            ('(tive)s$', '${1}')

            ('(hive)s$', '${1}')

            ('(li|wi|kni)ves$', '${1}fe')

            ('(shea|loa|lea|thie)ves$', '${1}f')

            ('(^analy)ses$', '${1}sis')

            ('((a)naly|(b)a|(d)iagno|(p)arenthe|(p)rogno|(s)ynop|(t)he)ses$', '${1}${2}sis')

            ('([ti])a$', '${1}um')

            ('(n)ews$', '${1}ews')

            ('(h|bl)ouses$', '${1}ouse')

            ('(corpse)s$', '${1}')

            ('(us)es$', '${1}')

            ('s$', '')

        )

    }

    Process {

        switch ($Word.ToLower()) {

            { $_ -in $SameSingularPlural } {

                $Word

                Break

            }

            { $_ -in $Irregular.Keys } {

                $Word

                Break

            }

            { $_ -in $Irregular.Values } {

                ($Irregular | Invoke-ObjectInvert).$_

                Break

            }

            Default {

                $Result = $Word

                $Pairs = Invoke-Chunk $Singular -Size 2

                foreach ($Pair in $Pairs) {

                    [Regex]$Re, $SingularVersion = $Pair

                    if ($Word -match $Re) {

                        $Result = $Word -replace $Re, $SingularVersion

                        Break

                    }

                }

                $Result

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-SyllableCount {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Get number of syllables in an English word (used within Get-Readability function)

    .EXAMPLE

    'hello' | Get-SylallableCount

    # returns 2

    .NOTES

    Adapted from Node.js library, [words/syllable](https://github.com/words/syllable#inspiration),

    which was based on the PHP library, [Text-Statistics](https://github.com/DaveChild/Text-Statistics),

    which was inspired by the Perl module, [Lingua::EN::Syllable](https://metacpan.org/pod/Lingua::EN::Syllable)

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([Int])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]

        [AllowEmptyString()]

        [String] $Word

    )

    Begin {

        # Match single syllable pre- and suffixes

        $Single = [Regex]'^(?:un|fore|ware|none?|out|post|sub|pre|pro|dis|side|some)|(?:ly|less|some|ful|ers?|ness|cians?|ments?|ettes?|villes?|ships?|sides?|ports?|shires?|[gnst]ion(?:ed|s)?)$'

        # Match double syllable pre- and suffixes

        $Double = [Regex]'^(?:above|anti|ante|counter|hyper|afore|agri|infra|intra|inter|over|semi|ultra|under|extra|dia|micro|mega|kilo|pico|nano|macro|somer)|(?:fully|berry|woman|women|edly|union|((?:[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxz])|[aeiou])ye?ing)$'

        # Match triple syllabble suffixes

        $Triple = [Regex]'(creations?|ology|ologist|onomy|onomist)$'

        # Counted as two, but should be one

        $SingleSyllabicOne = [Regex]'awe($|d|so)|cia(?:l|$)|tia|cius|cious|[^aeiou]giu|[aeiouy][^aeiouy]ion|iou|sia$|eous$|[oa]gue$|.[^aeiuoycgltdb]{2,}ed$|.ely$|^jua|uai|eau|^busi$|(?:[aeiouy](?:[bcfgklmnprsvwxyz]|ch|dg|g[hn]|lch|l[lv]|mm|nch|n[cgn]|r[bcnsv]|squ|s[chkls]|th)ed$)|(?:[aeiouy](?:[bdfklmnprstvy]|ch|g[hn]|lch|l[lv]|mm|nch|nn|r[nsv]|squ|s[cklst]|th)es$)'

        $SingleSyllabicTwo = [Regex]'[aeiouy](?:[bcdfgklmnprstvyz]|ch|dg|g[hn]|l[lv]|mm|n[cgns]|r[cnsv]|squ|s[cklst]|th)e$'

        # Counted as one, but should be two

        $DoubleSyllabicOne = [Regex]'(?:([^aeiouy])\\1l|[^aeiouy]ie(?:r|s?t)|[aeiouym]bl|eo|ism|asm|thm|dnt|snt|uity|dea|gean|oa|ua|react?|orbed|shred|eings?|[aeiouy]sh?e[rs])$'

        $DoubleSyllabicTwo = [Regex]'creat(?!u)|[^gq]ua[^auieo]|[aeiou]{3}|^(?:ia|mc|coa[dglx].)|^re(app|es|im|us)|(th|d)eist'

        $DoubleSyllabicThree = [Regex]'[^aeiou]y[ae]|[^l]lien|riet|dien|iu|io|ii|uen|[aeilotu]real|real[aeilotu]|iell|eo[^aeiou]|[aeiou]y[aeiou]'

        $DoubleSyllabicFour = [Regex]'[^s]ia'

        # Nouns with problematic syllables

        $Problematic = @{

            'abalone' = 4

            'abare' = 3

            'abbruzzese' = 4

            'abed' = 2

            'aborigine' = 5

            'abruzzese' = 4

            'acreage' = 3

            'adame' = 3

            'adieu' = 2

            'adobe' = 3

            'anemone' = 4

            'anyone' = 3

            'apache' = 3

            'aphrodite' = 4

            'apostrophe' = 4

            'ariadne' = 4

            'cafe' = 2

            'café' = 2

            'calliope' = 4

            'catastrophe' = 4

            'chile' = 2

            'chloe' = 2

            'circe' = 2

            'cliche' = 2

            'cliché' = 2

            'contrariety' = 4

            'coyote' = 3

            'daphne' = 2

            'epitome' = 4

            'eurydice' = 4

            'euterpe' = 3

            'every' = 2

            'everywhere' = 3

            'forever' = 3

            'gethsemane' = 4

            'guacamole' = 4

            'hermione' = 4

            'hyperbole' = 4

            'jesse' = 2

            'jukebox' = 2

            'karate' = 3

            'machete' = 3

            'maybe' = 2

            'naive' = 2

            'newlywed' = 3

            'ninety' = 2

            'penelope' = 4

            'people' = 2

            'persephone' = 4

            'phoebe' = 2

            'pulse' = 1

            'queue' = 1

            'recipe' = 3

            'reptilian' = 4

            'resumé' = 2

            'riverbed' = 3

            'scotia' = 3

            'sesame' = 3

            'shoreline' = 2

            'simile' = 3

            'snuffleupagus' = 5

            'sometimes' = 2

            'syncope' = 3

            'tamale' = 3

            'waterbed' = 3

            'wednesday' = 2

            'viceroyship' = 3

            'yosemite' = 4

            'zoë' = 2

        }

        $NeedToBeFixed = @{ # all counts are (correct - 1)

            'ayo' = 2

            'australian' = 3

            'dionysius' = 5

            'disbursement' = 3

            'discouragement' = 4

            'disenfranchisement' = 5

            'disengagement' = 4

            'disgraceful' = 3

            'diskette' = 2

            'displacement' = 3

            'distasteful' = 3

            'distinctiveness' = 4

            'distraction' = 3

            'geoffrion' = 4

            'mcquaid' = 2

            'mcquaide' = 2

            'mcquaig' = 2

            'mcquain' = 2

            'nonbusiness' = 3

            'nonetheless' = 3

            'nonmanagement' = 4

            'outplacement' = 3

            'outrageously' = 4

            'postponement' = 3

            'preemption' = 3

            'preignition' = 4

            'preinvasion' = 4

            'preisler' = 3

            'preoccupation' = 5

            'prevette' = 2

            'probusiness' = 3

            'procurement' = 3

            'pronouncement' = 3

            'sidewater' = 3

            'sidewinder' = 3

            'ungerer' = 3

        }

        $Apostrophe = [Regex]"['’]"

        $NonAlphabetic = [Regex]'[^a-z]'

        $Count = 0

    }

    Process {

        $Syllables = {

            Param($Word)

            switch ($Word) {

                { $_.Length -eq 0 } {

                    0

                    Break

                }

                { $_.Length -in 1, 2 } {

                    1

                    Break

                }

                { $_ -in $Problematic.Keys } {

                    $Problematic.$_

                    Break

                }

                { (Get-Singular $_) -in $Problematic.Keys } {

                    $Word = (Get-Singular $_)

                    $Problematic.$Word

                    Break

                }

                { $_ -in $NeedToBeFixed.Keys } {

                    $NeedToBeFixed.$_

                    Break

                }

                { (Get-Singular $_) -in $NeedToBeFixed.Keys } {

                    $Word = Get-Singular $_

                    $NeedToBeFixed.$Word

                    Break

                }

                Default {

                    $Count += (3 * ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $Triple).Matches.Value.Count)

                    $Word = $Word -replace $Triple, ''

                    $Count += (2 * ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $Double).Matches.Value.Count)

                    $Word = $Word -replace $Double, ''

                    $Count += (1 * ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $Single).Matches.Value.Count)

                    $Word = $Word -replace $Single, ''

                    $Count -= ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $SingleSyllabicOne).Matches.Value.Count

                    $Count -= ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $SingleSyllabicTwo).Matches.Value.Count

                    $Count += ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $DoubleSyllabicOne).Matches.Value.Count

                    $Count += ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $DoubleSyllabicTwo).Matches.Value.Count

                    $Count += ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $DoubleSyllabicThree).Matches.Value.Count

                    $Count += ($Word | Select-String -Pattern $DoubleSyllabicFour).Matches.Value.Count

                    $Count += ($Word -split [Regex]'[^aeiouy]+' | Where-Object { $_ -ne '' }).Count

                    $Count

                }

            }

        }

        $TotalSyllables = 0

        $Parts = (($Word -replace $Apostrophe, '') -split '\b')

        foreach ($Part in $Parts) {

            $Part = $Part.ToLower() -replace $NonAlphabetic, ''

            $TotalSyllables += (& $Syllables $Part)

        }

        $TotalSyllables

    }

}

function Import-Excel {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Import the rows of an Excel worksheet as a 2-dimensional array

    .PARAMETER ColumnHeaders

    Custom values to be used as header names. Must have same count as Excel data columns.

    .PARAMETER FirstRowHeaders

    Treat first row as headers. Exclude first row cells from Cells and Rows in output.

    Note: When an empty cell is encountered, a placeholder will be used of the form, column<COLUMN NUMBER>

    .PARAMETER Peek

    Return first row of data only. Useful for quickly identifying the shape of the data without importing the entire file.

    #>

    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSReviewUnusedParameter', 'EmptyValue')]

    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword', 'Password')]

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([System.Collections.Hashtable])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [String] $Path,

        [String] $WorksheetName,

        [Array] $ColumnHeaders,

        [String] $Password,

        [Switch] $FirstRowHeaders,

        [String] $EmptyValue = 'EMPTY',

        [Switch] $ShowProgress,

        [Switch] $Peek

    )

    $FileName = Resolve-Path $Path

    $Excel = New-Object -ComObject 'Excel.Application'

    $Excel.Visible = $False

    if ($ShowProgress) {

        Write-Progress -Activity 'Importing Excel data' -Status "Loading $FileName"

    }

    $Workbook = if (-not $Password) {

        $Excel.workbooks.open($FileName)

    } else {

        $Excel.workbooks.open($FileName, 0, 0, $True, $Password)

    }

    $Worksheet = if ($WorksheetName) {

        $Workbook.Worksheets.Item($WorksheetName)

    } else {

        $Workbook.Worksheets(1)

    }

    $RowCount = if ($Peek) { 1 } else { $Worksheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count }

    $ColumnCount = $Worksheet.UsedRange.Columns.Count

    $StartIndex = if ($FirstRowHeaders) { 2 } else { 1 }

    $Cells = @()

    for ($RowIndex = $StartIndex; $RowIndex -le $RowCount; $RowIndex++) {

        if ($ShowProgress) {

            Write-Progress -Activity 'Importing Excel data' -Status "Processing row ($RowIndex of ${RowCount})" -PercentComplete (($RowIndex / $RowCount) * 100)

        }

        for ($ColumnIndex = 1; $ColumnIndex -le $ColumnCount; $ColumnIndex++) {

            $Value = $Worksheet.Cells.Item($RowIndex, $ColumnIndex).Value2

            $Element = if ($Null -eq $Value) { $EmptyValue } else { $Value }

            $Cells += $Element

        }

    }

    if ($ShowProgress) {

        Write-Progress -Activity 'Importing Excel data' -Completed

    }

    $Headers = if ($FirstRowHeaders) {

        $RowCount--

        1..$ColumnCount | ForEach-Object {

            $Name = $Worksheet.Cells.Item(1, $_).Value2

            if ($Null -eq $Name) { "column${_}" } else { $Name }

        }

    } elseif ($ColumnHeaders.Count -eq $ColumnCount) {

        $ColumnHeaders

    } else {

        @()

    }

    $Workbook.Close()

    $Excel.Quit()

    @{

        Size = @($RowCount, $ColumnCount)

        Headers = $Headers

        Cells = $Cells

        Rows = $Cells | Invoke-Chunk -Size $ColumnCount

    }

}

function Import-Raw {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Import large files as lines of raw text using StreamReader

    Note: For large files, this function can be 2-10 times faster than Get-Content or Import-Csv

    .PARAMETER Transform

    Function that will be applied to every line.

    .PARAMETER Peek

    Return only the first line.

    .EXAMPLE

    Import-Raw -File 'data.csv' -Transform { Param($Line) $Line -split ',' }

    .EXAMPLE

    Import-Raw 'data.csv' -Peek

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0)]

        [ValidateScript( { Test-Path $_ })]

        [String] $File,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [ScriptBlock] $Transform,

        [Switch] $Peek

    )

    $Stream = New-Object -Type System.IO.StreamReader -ArgumentList (Get-Item $File)

    do {

        $Line = $Stream.ReadLine()

        if ($Transform) {

            & $Transform $Line

        } else {

            $Line

        }

    } while (-not $Peek -and $Stream.Peek() -ge 0)

    [Void]$Stream.Dispose()

}

function Invoke-Normalize {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Return string with characters with accents replaced with plain UTF-8 counterpart (ex: "á" becomes "a")

    Note: Capitalization is maintained

    .EXAMPLE

    'resumé' | Invoke-Normalize

    # returns "resume"

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([String])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]

        $Text

    )

    Begin {

        $CharacterMap = @{

            'ß' = 'ss'

            'à' = 'a'

            'á' = 'a'

            'â' = 'a'

            'ã' = 'a'

            'ä' = 'a'

            'å' = 'a'

            'æ' = 'ae'

            'ç' = 'c'

            'è' = 'e'

            'é' = 'e'

            'ê' = 'e'

            'ë' = 'e'

            'ì' = 'i'

            'í' = 'i'

            'î' = 'i'

            'ï' = 'i'

            'ð' = 'd'

            'ñ' = 'n'

            'ò' = 'o'

            'ó' = 'o'

            'ô' = 'o'

            'õ' = 'o'

            'ö' = 'o'

            'ø' = 'o'

            'ù' = 'u'

            'ú' = 'u'

            'û' = 'u'

            'ü' = 'u'

            'ý' = 'y'

        }

    }

    Process {

        # [Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString([Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("Cyrillic").GetBytes($Text))

        $Output = $Text

        foreach ($Key in $CharacterMap.Keys) {

            $Output = $Output.Replace($Key, $CharacterMap.$Key).Replace($Key.ToUpper(), $CharacterMap.$Key.ToUpper())

        }

        $Output

    }

}

function Measure-Readability {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Measure readability of input text.

    .DESCRIPTION

    This function can ingest text and return the minimum school grade level necessary to understand the text.

    The following tests are supported:

    - Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (default)

    - Automated Readability Index (ARI)

    - Coleman-Liau Index (CLI)

    - Gunning Fog Index (GFI)

    - SMOG ("Simple Measure Of Gobbledygook")

    .PARAMETER Type

    Readability test type (ARI, CLI, etc...)

    > Note: The SMOG readability test requires that the input text contains at least 30 sentences.

    .EXAMPLE

    $Text = 'This is a sentence. This is another sentence.'

    $Text | Measure-Readability

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([Int])]

    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]

        [String] $Text,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [ValidateSet('FleschKincaidGradeLevel', 'ARI', 'AutomatedReadabilityIndex', 'CLI', 'ColemanLiauIndex', 'GFI', 'GunningFogIndex', 'SMOG')]

        [String] $Type = 'FleschKincaidGradeLevel'

    )

    Process {

        $Sentences = ($Text -split '(?<=\w)\.') |

            ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() } |

            Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 0 }

        $Words = @()

        foreach ($Sentence in $Sentences) {

            $Words += $Sentence -split '\s+'

        }

        $Syllables = @()

        foreach ($Word in $Words) {

            $Syllables += (Get-SyllableCount $Word)

        }

        $Result = switch ($Type) {

            { $_ -in 'ARI', 'AutomatedReadabilityIndex' } {

                '==> Measuring readability with Automated Readability Index' | Write-Verbose

                $LetterCount = ($Text | Measure-Object -Character -IgnoreWhiteSpace).Characters

                "==> # of Sentences: $($Sentences.Count)" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Words: $($Words.Count)" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Letters: ${LetterCount}" | Write-Verbose

                (4.71 * ($LetterCount / $Words.Count)) + (0.5 * ($Words.Count / $Sentences.Count)) - 21.43

            }

            { $_ -in 'CLI', 'ColemanLiauIndex' } {

                '==> Measuring readability with Coleman-Liau Index' | Write-Verbose

                $LetterCount = ($Text | Measure-Object -Character -IgnoreWhiteSpace).Characters

                $L = 100 * ($LetterCount / $Words.Count)

                $S = 100 * ($Sentences.Count / $Words.Count)

                "==> L: ${L}" | Write-Verbose

                "==> S: ${S}" | Write-Verbose

                (0.0588 * $L) - (0.296 * $S) - 15.8

            }

            { $_ -in 'GFI', 'GunningFogIndex' } {

                '==> Measuring readability with Gunning Fog Index' | Write-Verbose

                $TotalWords = $Words.Count

                $ComplexWords = ($Syllables | Where-Object { $_ -ge 3 }).Count

                "==> # of Sentences: $($Sentences.Count)" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Words: ${TotalWords}" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Complex Words: ${ComplexWords}" | Write-Verbose

                0.4 * (($TotalWords / $Sentences.Count) + (100 * ($ComplexWords / $TotalWords)))

            }

            'SMOG' {

                if ($Sentences.Count -lt 30) {

                    '==> SMOG readability test is not accurate with less than 30 sentences' | Write-Warning

                }

                '==> Measuring readability with SMOG' | Write-Verbose

                $ComplexWords = ($Syllables | Where-Object { $_ -ge 3 }).Count

                "==> # of Sentences: $($Sentences.Count)" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Complex Words: ${ComplexWords}" | Write-Verbose

                (1.043 * [Math]::Sqrt($ComplexWords * (30 / $Sentences.Count))) + 3.1291

            }

            Default {

                # Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level

                '==> Measuring readability with Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level' | Write-Verbose

                $TotalWords = $Words.Count

                $TotalSyllables = Get-Sum $Syllables

                "==> # of Sentences: $($Sentences.Count)" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Words: ${TotalWords}" | Write-Verbose

                "==> # of Syllables: ${TotalSyllables}" | Write-Verbose

                (0.39 * ($TotalWords / $Sentences.Count)) + (11.8 * ($TotalSyllables / $TotalWords)) - 15.59

            }

        }

        [Math]::Round($Result, 1)

    }

}