functions/Backup-DbaDatabase.ps1

Function Backup-DbaDatabase
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Backup one or more SQL Sever databases from a SQL Server SqlInstance
 
.DESCRIPTION
Performs a backup of a specified type of 1 or more databases on a SQL Server Instance.
These backups may be Full, Differential or Transaction log backups
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server instance hosting the databases to be backed up
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credentials to connect to the SQL Server instance if the calling user doesn't have permission
 
.PARAMETER Databases
Names of the databases to be backed up. This is auto-populated from the server.
 
.PARAMETER BackupFileName
name of the file to backup to. This is only accepted for single database backups
If no name is specified then the backup files will be named DatabaseName_yyyyMMddHHmm (ie; Database1_201714022131)
with the appropriate extension.
 
If the same name is used repeatedly, SQL Server will add backups to the same file at an incrementing position
 
Sql Server needs permissions to write to the location. Path names are based on the Sql Server (c:\ is the c drive on the SQL Server, not the machine running the script)
 
.PARAMETER BackupDirectory
Path to place the backup files. If not specified the backups will be placed in the default backup location for SQLInstance
If multiple paths are specified, the backups will be stiped across these locations. This will overwrite the FileCount option
 
If path does not exist Sql Server will attmept to create it. Folders are created by the Sql Instance, and checks will be made for write permissions
 
File Names with be suffixed with x-of-y to enable identifying striped sets, where y is the number of files in the set and x is from 1 to you
 
.PARAMETER NoCopyOnly
By default function performs a Copy Only backup. These backups do not intefere with the restore chain of the database, so are safe to take.
This switch indicates that you wish to take normal backups. Be aware that these WILL break your restore chains, so use at your own risk
 
For more details please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191495.aspx
 
.PARAMETER Type
The type of SQL Server backup to perform.
Accepted values are Full, Log, Differential, Diff, Database
 
.PARAMETER FileCount
THis is the number of striped copies of the backups you wish to create
This value is overwritten if you specify multiple Backup Directories
 
.PARAMETER CreateFolder
If switch enabled then each databases will be backed up into a seperate folder on each of the specified backuppaths
 
.PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
Internal parameter
 
.NOTES
Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
Original Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com
 
dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
 
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
.EXAMPLE
Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server1 -Databases HR, Finance
 
This will perform a full database backup on the databases HR and Finance on SQL Server Instance Server1 to Server1's
default backup directory
     
.EXAMPLE
Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -BackupDirectory C:\temp -Databases AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full
 
Backs up AdventureWorks2014 to sql2016's C:\temp folder
#>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory = $true)]
        [object[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$BackupDirectory,
        [string]$BackupFileName,
        [switch]$NoCopyOnly,
        [ValidateSet('Full', 'Log', 'Differential', 'Diff', 'Database')]
        [string]$Type = "Database",
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoPipe", Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [object[]]$DatabaseCollection,
        [switch]$CreateFolder,
        [int]$FileCount=0
    )
    DynamicParam { if ($SqlInstance) { return Get-ParamSqlDatabases -SqlServer $SqlInstance[0] -SqlCredential $SqlCredential } }
    
    BEGIN
    {
        $FunctionName = $FunctionName = (Get-PSCallstack)[0].Command
                
        if ($SqlInstance.length -ne 0)
        {
            $databases = $psboundparameters.Databases
            Write-Verbose "Connecting to $SqlInstance"
            try
            {
                $Server = Connect-SqlServer -SqlServer $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch
            {
                Write-Warning "$FunctionName - Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
                continue
            }
            
            if ($databases)
            {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $databases }
            }
            else
            {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases
            }
            
            if ($BackupDirectory.count -gt 1)
            {
                Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Multiple Backup Directories, striping"
                $Filecount = $BackupDirectory.count
            }
            
            if ($DatabaseCollection.count -gt 1 -and $BackupFileName -ne '')
            {
                Write-Warning "$FunctionName - 1 BackupFile specified, but more than 1 database." -WarningAction stop
                break
            }
        }
    }
    PROCESS
    {        
        if (!$SqlInstance -and !$DatabaseCollection)
        {
            Write-Warning "You must specify a server and database or pipe some databases"
            continue
        }
        
        Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - $($DatabaseCollection.count) database to backup"
        
        ForEach ($Database in $databasecollection)
        {
            $failures = @()
            $dbname = $Database.name
            
            if ($dbname -eq "tempdb")
            {
                Write-Warning "Backing up tempdb not supported"
                continue
            }
            
            if ($Database.Status -ne 'Normal')
            {
                Write-Warning "Database status not Normal. $dbname skipped."
                continue
            }
            
            if ($Database.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName)
            {
                Write-Warning "Backing up snapshots not supported. $dbname skipped."
                continue
            }
                        
            if ($server -eq $null) { $server = $Database.Parent }
            
            Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Backup up database $database"
            
            if ($Database.RecoveryModel -eq $null)
            {
                $Database.RecoveryModel = $server.databases[$Database.Name].RecoveryModel
                Write-Verbose "$dbname is in $($Database.RecoveryModel) recovery model"
            }
            
            if ($Database.RecoveryModel -eq 'Simple' -and $Type -eq 'Log')
            {
                $failreason = "$database is in simple recovery mode, cannot take log backup"
                $failures += $failreason
                Write-Warning "$FunctionName - $failreason"
            }
            
            $lastfull = $database.LastBackupDate.Year
        
            if ($Type -ne "Database" -and $lastfull -eq 1)
            {
                $failreason = "$database does not have an existing full backup, cannot take log or differentialbackup"
                $failures += $failreason
                Write-Warning "$FunctionName - $failreason"
            }
            
            $copyonly = !$NoCopyOnly
            
            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $val = 0
            $backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
            $backup.Database = $Database.Name
            $Suffix = "bak"
            
            if ($type -in 'diff', 'differential')
            {
                Write-Verbose "Creating differential backup"
                $type = "Database"
                $backup.Incremental = $true
            }
            
            if ($Type -eq "Log")
            {
                Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Creating log backup"
                $Suffix = "trn"
            }
            
            if ($type -eq 'Full')
            {
                $type = "Database"
            }
            
            $backup.CopyOnly = $copyonly
            $backup.Action = $type
            
            Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Sorting Paths"
            
            #If a backupfilename has made it this far, use it
            $FinalBackupPath = @()
            
            if ($BackupFileName)
            {
                if ($BackupFileName -notlike "*:*")
                {
                    if (!$BackupDirectory)
                    {
                        $BackupDirectory = $server.BackupDirectory
                    }
                    
                    $BackupFileName = "$BackupDirectory\$BackupFileName" # removed auto suffix
                }
                
                Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Single db and filename"
                
                if (Test-SqlPath -SqlServer $server -Path (Split-Path $BackupFileName))
                {
                    $FinalBackupPath += $BackupFileName
                }
                else
                {
                    $failreason = "SQL Server cannot write to the location $(Split-Path $BackupFileName)"
                    $failures += $failreason
                    Write-Warning "$FunctionName - $failreason"
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (!$BackupDirectory)
                {
                    $BackupDirectory += $server.BackupDirectory
                }
    
                $timestamp = (Get-date -Format yyyyMMddHHmm)
                $BackupFileName = "$($dbname)_$timestamp"
                
                Foreach ($path in $BackupDirectory)
                {
                    if ($CreateFolder)
                    {
                        $Path = $path + "\" + $Database.name
                        Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Creating Folder $Path"    
                        if ((New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlServer $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $path).Created -eq $false)
                        {
                            $failreason = "Cannot create or write to folder $path"
                            $failures += $failreason
                            Write-Warning "$FunctionName - $failreason"
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            $FinalBackupPath += "$path\$BackupFileName.$suffix"
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $FinalBackupPath += "$path\$BackupFileName.$suffix"
                    }
                    <#
                    The code below attempts to create the directory even when $CreateFolder -- was it supposed to be Test-SqlPath?
                    else
                    {
                        if ((New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlServer $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $path).Created -eq $false)
                        {
                            $failreason = "Cannot create or write to folder $path"
                            $failures += $failreason
                            Write-Warning "$FunctionName - $failreason"
                        }
                        $FinalBackupPath += "$path\$BackupFileName.$suffix"
                    }
                    #>

                }
            }
            
            $file = New-Object System.IO.FileInfo($FinalBackupPath[0])
            $suffix = $file.Extension
            
            if ($FileCount -gt 1 -and $FinalBackupPath.count -eq 1)
            {
                Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Striping for Filecount of $filecount"
                $stripes = $filecount
                
                for ($i= 2; $i -lt $stripes+1; $i++)
                {
                    $FinalBackupPath += $FinalBackupPath[0].Replace("$suffix", "-$i-of-$stripes$($suffix)")
                }
                $FinalBackupPath[0] = $FinalBackupPath[0].Replace("$suffix", "-1-of-$stripes$($suffix)")
            
            }
            elseif ($FinalBackupPath.count -gt 1)
            {
                Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - String for Backup path count of $($FinalBackupPath.count)"
                $stripes = $FinalbackupPath.count
                for ($i= 1; $i -lt $stripes+1; $i++)
                {
                    $FinalBackupPath[($i-1)] = $FinalBackupPath[($i-1)].Replace($suffix, "-$i-of-$stripes$($suffix)")
                }
            }
            
            $script = $null
            $backupComplete = $false
            
            if (!$failures)
            {
                $filecount = $FinalBackupPath.count
                
                foreach ($backupfile in $FinalBackupPath)
                {
                    $device = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $device.DeviceType = "File"
                    $device.Name = $backupfile
                    $backup.Devices.Add($device)
                }
                
                Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Devices added"
                $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                }
                $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                $backup.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                $backup.add_Complete($complete)
                
                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                
                try
                {
                    $backup.SqlBackup($server)
                    $script = $backup.Script($server)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -status "Complete" -Completed
                    $BackupComplete = $true
                    $Filelist = @()
                    $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].FileGroups.Files | Select-Object @{Name="FileType";Expression={"D"}}, @{Name="LogicalName";Expression={$_.Name}}, @{Name="PhysicalName";Expression={$_.FileName}}
                    $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].LofFiles | Select-Object @{Name="FileType";Expression={"L"}}, @{Name="LogicalName";Expression={$_.Name}}, @{Name="PhysicalName";Expression={$_.FileName}}
                }
                catch
                {
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backup" -status "Failed" -completed
                    Write-Exception $_
                    $BackupComplete = $false
                }
            }
            
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                    SqlInstance = $server.name
                    DatabaseName = $dbname
                    BackupComplete = $BackupComplete
                    BackupFilesCount = $FinalBackupPath.count    
                    BackupFile = (split-path $FinalBackupPath -leaf)
                    BackupFolder = (split-path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                    BackupPath = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                    Script = $script
                    Notes = $failures -join (',')
                    FullName = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                    FileList = $FileList
                    SoftwareVersionMajor = $server.VersionMajor
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty FullName, FileList, SoftwareVersionMajor
            $BackupFileName = $null
        }
    }
}