functions/Get-DbaBackupHistory.ps1

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Get-DbaBackupHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns backup history details for databases on a SQL Server
     
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns backup history details for some or all databases on a SQL Server.
         
        You can even get detailed information (including file path) for latest full, differential and log files.
 
        Backups taken with the CopyOnly option will NOT be returned, unless the IncludeCopyOnly switch is present
         
        Reference: http://www.sqlhub.com/2011/07/find-your-backup-history-in-sql-server.html
     
    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server that you're connecting to.
     
    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
     
    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process.
        If unspecified, all databases will be scanned for backup history.
     
    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to not process.
     
    .PARAMETER IncludeCopyOnly
        By default Get-DbaBackupHistory will ignore backups taken with the CopyOnly option. This switch will include them
     
    .PARAMETER Force
        Returns a boatload of information, the way SQL Server returns it
     
    .PARAMETER Since
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date
     
    .PARAMETER Last
        Returns last entire chain of full, diff and log backup sets - starting backwards from most recent log
     
    .PARAMETER LastFull
        Returns last full backup set
     
    .PARAMETER LastDiff
        Returns last differential backup set
     
    .PARAMETER LastLog
        Returns last log backup set
     
    .PARAMETER DeviceType
        Filters the backup set by this DeviceType. It takes well-known types ('Disk','Permanent Disk Device', 'Tape', 'Permanent Tape Device','Pipe','Permanent Pipe Device','Virtual Device') as well as custom integers (bring your own types)
     
    .PARAMETER Raw
        By default the command will group mediasets (striped backups across multiple files) into a single return object. If you'd prefer to have an object per backup file returned, use this switch
     
    .PARAMETER Type
        By default this command returns all types of backup together, unless one of the -Last* parameters is passed. Passing this allows to filter with this types
     
    .PARAMETER LastLsn
        Internal parameter: filter out backup history with last_lsn greater than this value (this helps speed up the retrieval process without resorting to process the full history)
     
    .PARAMETER Silent
        Replaces user friendly yellow warnings with bloody red exceptions of doom!
        Use this if you want the function to throw terminating errors you want to catch.
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a
         
        Returns server name, database, username, backup type, date for all backups databases on SqlInstance2014a. This may return a ton of rows; consider using filters that are included in other examples.
     
    .EXAMPLE
        $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -SqlCredential $cred
         
        Does the same as above but logs in as SQL user "sqladmin"
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -Database db1, db2 -Since '7/1/2016 10:47:00'
         
        Returns backup information only for databases db1 and db2 on sqlserve2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs -Force | Format-Table
         
        Returns information only for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs, and makes the output pretty
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last
         
        Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last -DeviceType Disk
         
        Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014, only for backups to disk
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last -DeviceType 148,107
         
        Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014, only for backups with device_type 148 and 107
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -LastFull
         
        Returns information about the most recent full backup for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full
         
        Returns information about all Full backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaRegisteredServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Get-DbaBackupHistory
         
        Returns database backup information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016
     
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a, sql2016 -Force
         
        Lots of detailed information for all databases on SqlInstance2014a and sql2016.
     
    .NOTES
        Tags: Storage, DisasterRecovery, Backup
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
        Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire
         
        This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
         
        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
         
        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBackupHistory
#>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,
        
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]
        $Database,
        
        [object[]]
        $ExcludeDatabase,
        
        [switch]
        $IncludeCopyOnly,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLast")]
        [switch]
        $Force,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLast")]
        [DateTime]
        $Since,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]
        $Last,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]
        $LastFull,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]
        $LastDiff,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]
        $LastLog,
        
        [string[]]
        $DeviceType,
        
        
        [switch]
        $Raw,
        
        [bigint]
        $LastLsn,
        
        [ValidateSet("Full", "Log", "Differential", "File", "Differential File", "Partial Full", "Partial Differential")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        
        [switch]
        $Silent
    )
    
    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Active Parameterset: $($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName)"
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
        
        $IgnoreCopyOnly = $true
        If ($IncludeCopyOnly -eq $True) {
            $IgnoreCopyOnly = $false
        }

        $DeviceTypeMapping = @{
            'Disk' = 2
            'Permanent Disk Device' = 102
            'Tape' = 5
            'Permanent Tape Device' = 105
            'Pipe' = 6
            'Permanent Pipe Device' = 106
            'Virtual Device' = 7
        }
        $DeviceTypeFilter = @()
        foreach($DevType in $DeviceType) {
            if ($DevType -in $DeviceTypeMapping.Keys) {
                $DeviceTypeFilter += $DeviceTypeMapping[$DevType]
            } else {
                $DeviceTypeFilter += $DevType
            }
        }
        $BackupTypeMapping = @{
            'Log' = 'L'
            'Full' = 'D'
            'File' = 'F'
            'Differential' = 'I'
            'Differential File' = 'G'
            'Partial Full' = 'P'
            'Partial Differential' = 'Q'
        }
        $BackupTypeFilter = @()
        foreach($TypeFilter in $Type) {
            $BackupTypeFilter += $BackupTypeMapping[$TypeFilter]
        }
    
    }
    
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            
            try {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Connecting to $instance" -Target $instance
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            
            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 2000 not supported" -Category LimitsExceeded -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $backupSizeColumn = 'backup_size'
            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 10) {
                # 2008 introduced compressed_backup_size
                $backupSizeColumn = 'compressed_backup_size'
            }
            
            $databases = @()
            if ($null -ne $Database) {
                ForEach ($db in $Database){
                    $databases += [PScustomObject]@{name = $db}
                }
            }
            else {
                $databases = $server.Databases    
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            foreach($d in $DeviceTypeFilter) {
                $DeviceTypeFilterRight = "IN ('" + ($DeviceTypeFilter -Join "','") + "')"
            }
            
            foreach($b in $BackupTypeFilter) {
                $BackupTypeFilterRight = "IN ('" + ($BackupTypeFilter -Join "','") + "')"
            }

            if ($last) {
                
                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    
                    #Get the full and build upwards
                    $allbackups = @()
                    $allbackups += $Fulldb = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -LastFull -raw:$Raw -DeviceType $DeviceType
                    $DiffDB = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -LastDiff -raw:$Raw -DeviceType $DeviceType
                    if ($DiffDb.LastLsn -gt $Fulldb.LastLsn -and  $DiffDb.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $Fulldb.CheckPointLSN ) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Valid Differential backup "
                        $Allbackups += $DiffDB
                        $TLogStartLSN = ($diffdb.FirstLsn -as [bigint])
                    }
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No Diff found"
                        try { 
                            [bigint]$TLogStartLSN = $Fulldb.FirstLsn 
                        }
                        catch {
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                    $Allbackups += $Logdb = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -raw:$raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -LastLsn $TLogstartLSN | Where-Object { 
                        $_.Type -eq 'Log' -and [bigint]$_.LastLsn -gt [bigint]$TLogstartLSN -and [bigint]$_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq [bigint]$Fulldb.CheckPointLSN -and $_.LastRecoveryForkGuid -eq $Fulldb.LastRecoveryForkGuid
                    }
                    #This line does the output for -Last!!!
                    $Allbackups |  Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type
                
                }
                continue
            }
            
            if ($LastFull -or $LastDiff -or $LastLog) {
                #$sql = @()
                if ($LastFull) {
                    $first = 'D'; $second = 'P'
                }
                if ($LastDiff) {
                    $first = 'I'; $second = 'Q'
                }
                if ($LastLog) {
                    $first = 'L'; $second = 'L'
                }
                $databases = $databases | Select-Object -Unique
                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name)" -Target $db
                    $wherecopyonly = $null
                    if ($IgnoreCopyOnly) { $wherecopyonly = "AND is_copy_only='0'" }
                    if ($DeviceTypeFilter) {
                        $DevTypeFilterWhere = "AND mediafamily.device_type $DeviceTypeFilterRight"
                    }
                    $sql += "
                                SELECT
                                    a.BackupSetRank,
                                    a.Server,
                                    a.[Database],
                                    a.Username,
                                    a.Start,
                                    a.[End],
                                    a.Duration,
                                    a.[Path],
                                    a.Type,
                                    a.TotalSize,
                                    a.MediaSetId,
                                    a.BackupSetID,
                                    a.Software,
                                     a.position,
                                     a.first_lsn,
                                     a.database_backup_lsn,
                                     a.checkpoint_lsn,
                                     a.last_lsn,
                                    a.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
                                     a.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
                                     a.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
                                     a.last_lsn as 'Lastlsn',
                                     a.software_major_version,
                                    a.DeviceType,
                                    a.is_copy_only,
                                    a.last_recovery_fork_guid
                                FROM (SELECT
                                  RANK() OVER (ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn DESC) AS 'BackupSetRank',
                                  backupset.database_name AS [Database],
                                  backupset.user_name AS Username,
                                  backupset.backup_start_date AS Start,
                                  backupset.server_name as [Server],
                                  backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
                                  DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
                                  mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
                                  backupset.$backupSizeColumn AS TotalSize,
                                  CASE backupset.type
                                    WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
                                    WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
                                    WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
                                    WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                                    WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
                                    WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
                                    WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
                                    ELSE NULL
                                  END AS Type,
                                  backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
                                  mediafamily.media_family_id as mediafamilyid,
                                  backupset.backup_set_id as BackupSetID,
                                  CASE mediafamily.device_type
                                    WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
                                    WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
                                    WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
                                    WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
                                    WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
                                    WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
                                    WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
                                    ELSE 'Unknown'
                                    END AS DeviceType,
                                  backupset.position,
                                  backupset.first_lsn,
                                  backupset.database_backup_lsn,
                                  backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
                                  backupset.last_lsn,
                                  backupset.software_major_version,
                                  mediaset.software_name AS Software,
                                  backupset.is_copy_only,
                                  backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid
                                FROM msdb..backupmediafamily AS mediafamily
                                JOIN msdb..backupmediaset AS mediaset
                                  ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                                JOIN msdb..backupset AS backupset
                                  ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                                WHERE backupset.database_name = '$($db.Name)' $wherecopyonly
                                AND (type = '$first' OR type = '$second')
                                $DevTypeFilterWhere
                                ) AS a
                                WHERE a.BackupSetRank = 1
                                ORDER BY a.Type;
                                "

                }
                $sql = $sql -join "; "
            }
            else {
                if ($Force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT * "
                }
                else {
                    $select = "
                            SELECT
                              backupset.database_name AS [Database],
                              backupset.user_name AS Username,
                              backupset.server_name as [server],
                              backupset.backup_start_date AS [Start],
                              backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
                              DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
                              mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
                              backupset.$backupSizeColumn AS TotalSize,
                              CASE backupset.type
                                WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
                                WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
                                WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
                                WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                                WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
                                WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
                                WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
                                ELSE NULL
                              END AS Type,
                              backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
                              mediafamily.media_family_id as mediafamilyid,
                              backupset.backup_set_id as backupsetid,
                              CASE mediafamily.device_type
                                WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
                                WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
                                WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
                                WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
                                WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
                                WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
                                WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
                                ELSE 'Unknown'
                              END AS DeviceType,
                              backupset.position,
                              backupset.first_lsn,
                              backupset.database_backup_lsn,
                              backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
                              backupset.last_lsn,
                              backupset.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
                              backupset.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
                              backupset.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
                              backupset.last_lsn as 'Lastlsn',
                              backupset.software_major_version,
                              mediaset.software_name AS Software,
                              backupset.is_copy_only,
                              backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid"

                }
                
                $from = " FROM msdb..backupmediafamily mediafamily
                             INNER JOIN msdb..backupmediaset mediaset ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                             INNER JOIN msdb..backupset backupset ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id"

                if ($Database -or $Since -or $Last -or $LastFull -or $LastLog -or $LastDiff -or $IgnoreCopyOnly -or $DeviceTypeFilter -or $LastLsn -or $BackupTypeFilter) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }
                
                $wherearray = @()
                
                if ($Database.length -gt 0) {
                    $dblist = $Database -join "','"
                    $wherearray += "database_name IN ('$dblist')"
                }
                
                if ($Last -or $LastFull -or $LastLog -or $LastDiff) {
                    $tempwhere = $wherearray -join " AND "
                    $wherearray += "type = 'Full' AND mediaset.media_set_id = (select top 1 mediaset.media_set_id $from $tempwhere order by backupset.last_lsn DESC)"
                }
                
                if ($Since -ne $null) {
                    $wherearray += "backupset.backup_finish_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }
                
                if ($IgnoreCopyOnly -eq $true) {
                    $wherearray += "is_copy_only='0'"
                }
                if ($DeviceTypeFilter) {
                    $wherearray += "mediafamily.device_type $DeviceTypeFilterRight"
                }
                if ($BackupTypeFilter) {
                    $wherearray += "backupset.type $BackupTypeFilterRight"
                }
                
                if ($LastLsn) {
                    $wherearray += "backupset.last_lsn > $LastLsn"
                }
                if ($where.length -gt 0) {
                    $wherearray = $wherearray -join " AND "
                    $where = "$where $wherearray"
                }
                
                $sql = "$select $from $where ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn DESC"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Executing sql query"
            $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty BackupSetRank, RowError, Rowstate, table, itemarray, haserrors
            
            if ($raw) {
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as Raw Output"
                $results | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "FullName"; Expression = { $_.Path } }
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($results.Count) result sets found"
            }
            else {
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as Grouped output"
                $GroupedResults = $results | Group-Object -Property backupsetid
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($GroupedResults.Count) result-groups found"
                $groupResults = @()
                foreach ($group in $GroupedResults) {
                    
                    $fileSql = "select file_type as FileType, logical_name as LogicalName, physical_name as PhysicalName
                                from msdb.dbo.backupfile where backup_set_id='$($Group.group[0].BackupSetID)'"

                    
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "FileSQL: $fileSql"
    
                    $historyObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory
                    $historyObject.ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    $historyObject.InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    $historyObject.SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $historyObject.Database = $group.Group[0].Database
                    $historyObject.UserName = $group.Group[0].UserName
                    $historyObject.Start = ($group.Group.Start | Measure-Object -Minimum).Minimum
                    $historyObject.End = ($group.Group.End | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                    $historyObject.Duration = New-TimeSpan -Seconds ($group.Group.Duration | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                    $historyObject.Path = $group.Group.Path
                    $historyObject.TotalSize = ($group.Group.TotalSize | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum
                    $historyObject.Type = $group.Group[0].Type
                    $historyObject.BackupSetId = $group.Group[0].BackupSetId
                    $historyObject.DeviceType = $group.Group[0].DeviceType
                    $historyObject.Software = $group.Group[0].Software
                    $historyObject.FullName = $group.Group.Path
                    $historyObject.FileList = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($fileSql).Tables.Rows
                    $historyObject.Position = $group.Group[0].Position
                    $historyObject.FirstLsn = $group.Group[0].First_LSN
                    $historyObject.DatabaseBackupLsn = $group.Group[0].database_backup_lsn
                    $historyObject.CheckpointLsn = $group.Group[0].checkpoint_lsn
                    $historyObject.LastLsn = $group.Group[0].Last_Lsn
                    $historyObject.SoftwareVersionMajor = $group.Group[0].Software_Major_Version
                    $historyObject.IsCopyOnly = if($group.Group[0].is_copy_only -eq 1){$true}else{$false}
                    $HistoryObject.LastRecoveryForkGuid = $group.Group[0].last_recovery_fork_guid
                    $groupResults += $historyObject
                }
                $groupResults | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type
            }
        }
    }
}