functions/Set-DbaDatabaseState.ps1

#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Set-DbaDatabaseState {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Sets various options for databases, hereby called "states"
 
.DESCRIPTION
Sets some common "states" on databases:
 - "RW" options (ReadOnly, ReadWrite)
 - "Status" options (Online, Offline, Emergency, plus a special "Detached")
 - "Access" options (SingleUser, RestrictedUser, MultiUser)
 
Returns an object with SqlInstance, Database, RW, Status, Access, Notes
 
Notes gets filled when something went wrong setting the state
 
.PARAMETER SqlInstance
The SQL Server that you're connecting to
 
.PARAMETER SqlCredential
Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user
 
.PARAMETER Database
The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.
 
.PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server
 
.PARAMETER AllDatabases
This is a parameter that was included for safety, so you don't accidentally set options on all databases without specifying
 
.PARAMETER ReadOnly
RW Option : Sets the database as READ_ONLY
 
.PARAMETER ReadWrite
RW Option : Sets the database as READ_WRITE
 
.PARAMETER Online
Status Option : Sets the database as ONLINE
 
.PARAMETER Offline
Status Option : Sets the database as OFFLINE
 
.PARAMETER Emergency
Status Option : Sets the database as EMERGENCY
 
.PARAMETER Detached
Status Option : Detaches the database
 
.PARAMETER SingleUser
Access Option : Sets the database as SINGLE_USER
 
.PARAMETER RestrictedUser
Access Option : Sets the database as RESTRICTED_USER
 
.PARAMETER MultiUser
Access Option : Sets the database as MULTI_USER
 
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.
 
.PARAMETER Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
 
.PARAMETER Force
For most options, this translates to istantly rolling back any open transactions
that may be stopping the process.
For -Detached it is required to break mirroring and Availability Groups
 
.PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.
         
.PARAMETER DatabaseCollection
Internal parameter for piped objects - this will likely go away once we move to better dynamic parameters
     
.NOTES
Author: niphlod
Website: https://dbatools.io
Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com
License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0
 
.LINK
https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDatabaseState
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Offline
 
Sets the HR database as OFFLINE
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AllDatabases -Exclude HR -Readonly -Force
 
Sets all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance, except for HR, as READ_ONLY
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object Status -eq 'Offline' | Set-DbaDatabaseState -Online
 
Finds all offline databases and sets them to online
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser
 
Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER
 
.EXAMPLE
Set-DbaDatabaseState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser -Force
 
Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions)
 
.EXAMPLE
Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR | Set-DbaDatabaseState -SingleUser -Force
 
Gets the databases from Get-DbaDatabase, and sets them as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions)
 
 
#>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch]$ReadOnly,
        [switch]$ReadWrite,
        [switch]$Online,
        [switch]$Offline,
        [switch]$Emergency,
        [switch]$Detached,
        [switch]$SingleUser,
        [switch]$RestrictedUser,
        [switch]$MultiUser,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Database")]
        [PsCustomObject[]]$DatabaseCollection
    )
    
    begin {
        function Get-WrongCombo($optset, $allparams) {
            $x = 0
            foreach ($opt in $optset) {
                if ($allparams.ContainsKey($opt)) { $x += 1 }
            }
            if ($x -gt 1) {
                $msg = $optset -Join ',-'
                $msg = "You can only specify one of: -" + $msg
                throw $msg
            }
        }
        
        function Edit-DatabaseState($sqlinstance, $dbname, $opt, $immediate = $false) {
            $warn = $null
            $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET $opt"
            if ($immediate) {
                $sql += " WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
            }
            else {
                $sql += " WITH NO_WAIT"
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql
                if ($immediate) {
                    # this can be helpful only for SINGLE_USER databases
                    # but since $immediate is called, it does no more harm
                    # than the immediate rollback
                    $sqlinstance.KillAllProcesses($dbname)
                }
                $null = $sqlinstance.Query($sql)
            }
            catch {
                $warn = "Failed to set '$dbname' to $opt"
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $warn
            }
            return $warn
        }
        
        $UserAccessHash = @{
            'Single' = 'SINGLE_USER'
            'Restricted' = 'RESTRICTED_USER'
            'Multiple' = 'MULTI_USER'
        }
        $ReadOnlyHash = @{
            $true = 'READ_ONLY'
            $false = 'READ_WRITE'
        }
        $StatusHash = @{
            'Offline' = 'OFFLINE'
            'Normal' = 'ONLINE'
            'EmergencyMode' = 'EMERGENCY'
        }
        
        function Get-DbState($db) {
            $base = [PSCustomObject]@{
                'Access' = $null
                'Status' = $null
                'RW' = $null
            }
            $base.RW = $ReadOnlyHash[$db.ReadOnly]
            $base.Access = $UserAccessHash[$db.UserAccess.toString()]
            foreach ($status in $StatusHash.Keys) {
                if ($db.Status -match $status) {
                    $base.Status = $StatusHash[$status]
                    break
                }
            }
            return $base
        }
        
        $RWExclusive = @('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')
        $StatusExclusive = @('Online', 'Offline', 'Emergency', 'Detached')
        $AccessExclusive = @('SingleUser', 'RestrictedUser', 'MultiUser')
        $allparams = $PSBoundParameters
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $RWExclusive -allparams $allparams
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $StatusExclusive -allparams $allparams
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $AccessExclusive -allparams $allparams
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $dbs = @()
        if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$DatabaseCollection -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue"
            return
        }
        
        if ($DatabaseCollection) {
            if ($DatabaseCollection.Database) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabaseState
                $dbs += $DatabaseCollection.Database
            } elseif ($DatabaseCollection.Name) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabase
                $dbs += $DatabaseCollection
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $Credential
                }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                $all_dbs = $server.Databases
                $dbs += $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }
                
                if ($database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $database -contains $_.Name }
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            }
        }
        
        # need to pick up here
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {
            if ($db.Name -in @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution')) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a system one, skipping"
                Continue
            }
            $server = $db.Parent
            # normalizing properties returned by SMO to something more "fixed"
            $db_status = Get-DbState $db
            
            
            $warn = @()
            
            if ($db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a snapshot, skipping"
                Continue
            }
            
            if ($ReadOnly -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_ONLY') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_ONLY"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_ONLY")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_ONLY"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_ONLY" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.RW = 'READ_ONLY'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($ReadWrite -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_WRITE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_WRITE"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_WRITE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_WRITE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_WRITE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.RW = 'READ_WRITE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($Online -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'ONLINE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already ONLINE"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to ONLINE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to ONLINE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "ONLINE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'ONLINE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($Offline -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'OFFLINE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already OFFLINE"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to OFFLINE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to OFFLINE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'OFFLINE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($Emergency -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'EMERGENCY') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already EMERGENCY"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to EMERGENCY")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to EMERGENCY"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "EMERGENCY" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'EMERGENCY'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($SingleUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'SINGLE_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already SINGLE_USER"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to SINGLE_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to SINGLE_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "SINGLE_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'SINGLE_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($RestrictedUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'RESTRICTED_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already RESTRICTED_USER"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to RESTRICTED_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to RESTRICTED_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "RESTRICTED_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'RESTRICTED_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($MultiUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'MULTI_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already MULTI_USER"
                }
                else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to MULTI_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to MULTI_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "MULTI_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'MULTI_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            if ($Detached -eq $true) {
                # Refresh info about database state here (before detaching)
                $db.Refresh()
                # we need to see what snaps are on the server, as base databases cannot be dropped
                $snaps = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0 }
                $snaps = $snaps.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName | Get-Unique
                if ($db.Name -in $snaps) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db has snapshots, you need to drop them before detaching, skipping..."
                    Continue
                }
                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true -or $db.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) {
                    if ($Force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Needs -Force to detach $db, skipping"
                        Continue
                    }
                }
                
                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Break mirroring for $db")) {
                        try {
                            $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                            $db.Alter()
                            $db.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Broke mirroring for $db"
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not break mirror for $db. Skipping." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName) {
                    $agname = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing $db from AG [$agname]")) {
                        try {
                            $server.AvailabilityGroups[$db.AvailabilityGroupName].AvailabilityDatabases[$db.Name].Drop()
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Successfully removed $db from AG [$agname] on $server"
                        }
                        catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $db from AG [$agname] on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                # DBA 101 should encourage detaching just OFFLINE databases
                # we can do that here
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Detaching $db")) {
                    if ($db_status.Status -ne 'OFFLINE') {
                        $opstatus = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $true
                    }
                    try {
                        $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_detach_db N'$($db.Name)'"
                        Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql
                        $null = $server.Query($sql)
                        $db_status.Status = 'DETACHED'
                    }
                    catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to detach $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        $warn += "Failed to detach"
                    }
                    
                }
                
            }
            if ($warn) {
                $warn = $warn | Get-Unique
                $warn = $warn -Join ';'
            }
            else {
                $warn = $null
            }
            if ($Detached -eq $true) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW = $db_status.RW
                    Status = $db_status.Status
                    Access = $db_status.Access
                    Notes = $warn
                    Database = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            } else {
                $db.Refresh()
                if ($null -eq $warn) {
                    # we avoid reenumerating properties
                    $newstate = $db_status
                } else {
                    $newstate = Get-DbState $db
                }
                
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW = $newstate.RW
                    Status = $newstate.Status
                    Access = $newstate.Access
                    Notes = $warn
                    Database = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    end {
        
    }
}