functions/New-DbaAzAccessToken.ps1

function New-DbaAzAccessToken {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Simplifies the generation of Azure oauth2 tokens.
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Generates an oauth2 access token. Currently supports Managed Identities, Service Principals and IRenewableToken.
 
        Want to know more about Access Tokens? This page explains it well: https://dzone.com/articles/using-managed-identity-to-securely-access-azure-re
 
    .PARAMETER Type
        The type of request:
        ManagedIdentity
        ServicePrincipal
        RenewableServicePrincipal
 
    .PARAMETER Subtype
        The subtype. Options include:
        AzureSqlDb (default)
        ResourceManager
        DataLake
        EventHubs
        KeyVault
        ResourceManager
        ServiceBus
        Storage
 
        Read more here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/managed-identities-azure-resources/tutorial-windows-vm-access-sql
 
    .PARAMETER Config
        The hashtable or json configuration.
 
    .PARAMETER Credential
        When using the ServicePrincipal type, a Credential is required. The username is the App ID and Password is the App Password
 
        https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/user-help/multi-factor-authentication-end-user-app-passwords
 
    .PARAMETER Tenant
        When using the ServicePrincipal or RenewableServicePrincipal types, a tenant name or ID is required. This field works with both.
 
    .PARAMETER Thumbprint
        Thumbprint for connections to Azure MSI
 
    .PARAMETER Store
        Store where the Azure MSI certificate is stored
 
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default in most of our commands, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
 
        This command, however, gifts you with "sea of red" exceptions, by default, because it is useful for advanced scripting.
 
        Using this switch turns our "nice by default" feature on which makes errors into pretty warnings.
 
    .NOTES
        Tags: Connect, Connection, Azure
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
 
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 
    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAzAccessToken
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAzAccessToken -Type ManagedIdentity
 
        Returns a plain-text token for Managed Identities for SQL Azure Db.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $token = New-DbaAzAccessToken -Type ManagedIdentity -Subtype AzureSqlDb
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance myserver.database.windows.net -Database mydb -AccessToken $token -DisableException
 
        Generates a token then uses it to connect to Azure SQL DB then connects to an Azure SQL Db
 
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $token = New-DbaAzAccessToken -Type ServicePrincipal -Tenant whatup.onmicrosoft.com -Credential ee590f55-9b2b-55d4-8bca-38ab123db670
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance myserver.database.windows.net -Database mydb -AccessToken $token -DisableException
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $server -Query "select 1 as test"
 
        Generates a token then uses it to connect to Azure SQL DB then connects to an Azure SQL Db.
        Once the connection is made, it is used to perform a test query.
 
    #>

    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet("ManagedIdentity", "ServicePrincipal", "RenewableServicePrincipal")]
        [string]$Type,
        [ValidateSet("AzureSqlDb", "ResourceManager", "DataLake", "EventHubs", "KeyVault", "ResourceManager", "ServiceBus", "Storage")]
        [string]$Subtype = "AzureSqlDb",
        [object]$Config,
        [pscredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Tenant = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'azure.tenantid'),
        [string]$Thumbprint = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'azure.certificate.thumbprint'),
        [ValidateSet('CurrentUser', 'LocalMachine')]
        [string]$Store = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'azure.certificate.store'),
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Type -in "ServicePrincipal", "RenewableServicePrincipal") {
            $appid = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'azure.appid')
            $clientsecret = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'azure.clientsecret')

            if (($appid -and $clientsecret) -and -not $Credential) {
                $Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($appid, $clientsecret)
            }

            if (-not $Credential -and -not $Tenant) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a Credential and Tenant when using ServicePrincipal or RenewableServicePrincipal"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($Type -eq "RenewableServicePrincipal") {
            $source = @"
            using System;
            using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
            using System.Management.Automation;
            using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
            using System.Management.Automation.Runspaces;
 
            public class PsObjectIRenewableToken : IRenewableToken {
                public String GetAccessToken() {
                    PowerShell psCmd = PowerShell.Create().AddScript(@"param(`$this)$({
                    $authority = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$($this.Tenant)/oauth2/token"
                    $parameter = @{
                        grant_type='client_credentials'
                        client_id=$this.UserID
                        client_secret=$this.ClientSecret
                        resource=$this.Resource
                    }
 
                    $body = (@(foreach ($param in $parameter.GetEnumerator()) {
                        "$($param.key)=$([Uri]::EscapeDataString($param.Value.ToString()))"
                    }) -join '&')
 
                    $bearerInfo = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $authority -Method Post -Body $body
                    $this.TokenExpiry = [DateTimeOffset]::FromUnixTimeSeconds($BearerInfo.expires_on)
                    return $bearerInfo.access_token
                    }.ToString().Replace('"','""'))").AddArgument(this);
 
                    Collection<string> results = psCmd.Invoke<string>();
                    if (psCmd.Streams.Error.Count > 0) {
                        throw psCmd.Streams.Error[0].Exception;
                    }
 
                    psCmd.Dispose();
 
                    if (results.Count == 1) {
                        return results[0];
                    } else {
                        return String.Empty;
                    }
                }
 
                public System.DateTimeOffset TokenExpiry { get; set; }
                public String Resource { get; set; }
                public System.String Tenant { get; set; }
                public System.String UserId { get; set; }
                public string ClientSecret { get; set; }
            }
"@

            Add-Type -TypeDefinition $source -ReferencedAssemblies ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.IRenewableToken].Assembly,
                [PowerShell].Assembly,
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.IRenewableToken].Assembly.GetReferencedAssemblies()[0])

        }

        switch ($Subtype) {
            AzureSqlDb {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://database.windows.net/"
                }
            }
            ResourceManager {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://management.azure.com/"
                }
            }
            KeyVault {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://vault.azure.net/"
                }
            }
            DataLake {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://datalake.azure.net/"
                }
            }
            EventHubs {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://eventhubs.azure.net/"
                }
            }
            ServiceBus {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://servicebus.azure.net/"
                }
            }
            Storage {
                $Config = @{
                    Resource = "https://storage.azure.com/"
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        try {
            switch ($Type) {
                ManagedIdentity {
                    $version = $Config.Version
                    if (-not $version) {
                        $version = "2018-04-02"
                    }
                    $resource = $Config.Resource
                    $params = @{
                        Uri     = "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$version&resource=$resource"
                        Method  = "GET"
                        Headers = @{ Metadata = "true" }
                    }
                    $response = Invoke-TlsWebRequest @params -UseBasicParsing -ErrorAction Stop
                    return ($response.Content | ConvertFrom-Json).access_token
                }
                ServicePrincipal {
                    if ($script:core) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "ServicePrincipal currently unsupported in Core"
                        return
                    }

                    # thanks to Jose M Jurado - MSFT for this code
                    # https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/azuresqldbsupport/2018/05/10/lesson-learned-49-does-azure-sql-database-support-azure-active-directory-connections-using-service-principals/
                    $cred = New-Object Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.ClientCredential -ArgumentList $Credential.UserName, $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    $context = New-Object Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext -ArgumentList "https://login.windows.net/$Tenant"
                    $result = $context.AcquireTokenAsync($Config.Resource, $cred)

                    if ($result.Result.AccessToken) {
                        return $result.Result.AccessToken
                    } else {
                        throw ($result.Exception | ConvertTo-Json | ConvertFrom-Json).InnerException.Message
                    }
                }
                RenewableServicePrincipal {
                    New-Object PSObjectIRenewableToken -Property @{
                        ClientSecret = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                        Resource     = "https://database.windows.net/"
                        Tenant       = $Tenant
                        UserID       = $Credential.UserName
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
        }
    }
}
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