Create-TestVMs.ps1
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<#PSScriptInfo .VERSION 2.3 .GUID f35cd072-b739-4542-8fbf-3976b8daa444 .AUTHOR Jeff Gilbert (@JeffGilb) .COMPANYNAME Microsoft .COPYRIGHT .TAGS .LICENSEURI .PROJECTURI .ICONURI .EXTERNALMODULEDEPENDENCIES .REQUIREDSCRIPTS .EXTERNALSCRIPTDEPENDENCIES .RELEASENOTES Version 1.0: Original published version. Version 1.1: Minor bug fixes. Version 1.2: Minor bug fixes. Version 1.3: Minor bug fixes. Version 2.0: Added version to PowerShell console title. Added capability to accept or change Hyper-V host save locations. Set file and folder browse dialogs to always open on top. Added final summary confirmation prompt before creating VMs with options to exit. Added a virtual network configuration selector dialog. No virtual network selected by default. Added differencing disk support: - Allows selection of a master (sysprepped) VHDX to be used as the master disk for new VMs - Creates an OOBE snapshot while turned off for VMs using differencing disks - Creates a master directory with a copy of the selected VHDX. - Creates a readme file in the master disk directory listing VMs using the master disk - Puts the master VHDX and SN in the VM notes in Hyper-V Version 2.1: Bug fix to address concatonating paths and virtual network names. Version 2.2: Fixed network switch assignment issue. Version 2.2: Fixed location for non-differencing disk hard disk files to be stored. .DESCRIPTION Script to automate the creation of test Hyper-V VMs. #> #################################### DEFAULT PARAMETERS ####################################### # Edit these to set defaults for the script to use: param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $VMPath = "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Hyper-V\", [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $HDPath = "C:\Users\Public\Documents\Hyper-V\Virtual Hard Disks\", [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $vhdx = "", [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [Int] $RAM = 2, # 2GB = 2*1073741824 [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $VMSwitch = "Default Switch", [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $ISO = "", [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $VMPrefix = "Autopilot", [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [String] $VMnumber = "1" ) #region ############################## FOLDER AND FILE BROWSER FUNCTIONS ############################### Function Get-Folder { Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.windows.forms")|Out-Null $folderbrowser = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.FolderBrowserDialog -Property @{ description = "Select a folder" rootfolder = "Desktop" SelectedPath = $initialDirectory } $result = $folderbrowser.ShowDialog((New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form -Property @{TopMost = $true })) if ($result -eq [Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK){ $folder = $FolderBrowser.SelectedPath } else { return } return $folder } Function Get-File { Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.windows.forms")|Out-Null $fileBrowser = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog -Property @{ Title = "Select the ISO file to mount." InitialDirectory = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('Desktop') Multiselect = $false # Multiple files cannot be chosen Filter = 'ISO Files (*.ISO)|*.ISO' # Specified file types } $result = $fileBrowser.ShowDialog((New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form -Property @{TopMost = $true })) if ($result -eq [Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK){ $file = $fileBrowser.SelectedPath } else { return } $file = $fileBrowser.FileName; return $file } Function Get-VHDX { Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.windows.forms")|Out-Null $fileBrowser = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog -Property @{ Title = "Select the parent VHDX to use when creating differencing disks." InitialDirectory = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('Desktop') Multiselect = $false # Multiple files cannot be chosen Filter = 'VHDX Files (*.VHDX)|*.VHDX' # Specified file types } $result = $fileBrowser.ShowDialog((New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form -Property @{TopMost = $true })) if ($result -eq [Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK){ $vhdx = $fileBrowser.SelectedPath } else { return } $vhdx = $fileBrowser.FileName; return $vhdx } $Version = "Create-TestVMs v2.3" $host.ui.RawUI.WindowTitle = $Version #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ############################# VIRTUAL MACHINE STORAGE LOCATIONS ############################### CLS write-host `n write-host " Virtual Machine Storage Locations "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black $vmpath = "" $vmpath = get-vmhost | Select-Object -Property VirtualMachinePath $vmpath = """?($vmpath)""" $vmpath = $vmpath.remove(0,24) $vmpath = $vmpath.trimStart("=") $vmpath = $vmpath.trimend("\})""") $hdpath = "" $hdpath = get-vmhost | Select-Object -Property VirtualHardDiskPath $hdpath = """?($hdpath)""" $hdpath = $hdpath.remove(0,24) $hdpath = $hdpath.trimStart("=") $hdpath = $hdpath.trimend("\})""") write-host "The Hyper-V host machine is set to store VMs at these default locations:`n" write-host -ForeGroundColor Green "`tVM configuration files:`t" $vmpath"`n`n`tVM hard disk files:`t $HDpath"`n"" write-host -ForeGroundColor Yellow "Do you want to change the default storage settings?" $Readhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($ReadHost){ Y { write-host -ForeGroundColor Yellow " Do you want to change the host defaults for where to store VMs?" $VMReadhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($VMReadhost){ Y { $VMfolder = Get-Folder If ($VMfolder){$VMPath = $VMfolder} write-host -ForegroundColor Green "Virtual Machine path will be: $VMPath.`n" } N {} # Use default setting. } If ($VMReadhost -ne "y"){write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`nDefault VM storage setting will be used.`n"} write-host -ForeGroundColor Yellow "Do you want to change the host defaults for where to store VM hard disks?" $HDReadhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($HDReadhost){ Y { $HDfolder = Get-Folder If ($HDfolder){$HDPath = $HDfolder} write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`nVirtual Machine hard disk path will be: $HDPath.`n" } N {} # Use default setting. } If ($HDReadhost -ne "y"){write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`nDefault VM hard disk storage setting will be used.`n"} } } If ($ReadHost -ne "y"){write-host -ForeGroundColor Green "`nHyper-V host default settings will be used.`n"} Else{ write-host "`nThe Hyper-V host machine will be set to store VMs at these default locations:`n" write-host -ForeGroundColor Green "`tVM configuration files:`t" $vmpath"`n`n`tVM hard disk files:`t $HDpath"`n"" } #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ################################## HARD DISK CONFIGURATION ##################################### write-host " VM Hard Disk Options "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black # Prompt for master VHDX to use for differencing disks write-host -ForeGroundColor Yellow "Do you have a sysprepped VHDX to use as a master for differencing disks?" $VHDXReadhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($VHDXReadHost){ Y { write-host "`nBrowse to and select your sysprepped .VHDX. This will be used as the master image for differencing disks.`n" $vhdx = get-vhdx If ($vhdx){ $nameEnd = get-random -Minimum 100 -Maximum 999 write-host -ForegroundColor Green "A copy of "$vhdx" will be used to create the master VHDX image in the Master-"$nameEnd "directory of the VM hard disk storage location.`n" $masterVHDX = $HDPath+"\" + "Master-"+$nameEnd $masterSource = $vhdx } Else {Write-host -ForegroundColor Green "Browse cancelled by user. Differencing disks will not be used.`n"; $vhdx = ""} } N {} } If ($VHDXReadhost -ne "y"){write-host -ForegroundColor Yellow "`n"Differencing disks will not be used."`n"} #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ###################################### RAM TO ASSIGN ########################################### write-host " Amount of RAM For New VMs "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black $getName = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_computersystem -ComputerName . | Select-Object -Property Name $getName = """?($getName)""" $getName = $getName.trimStart("""?(@{Name=") $getName = $getName.trimend("})""") write-host "The default amount of RAM to assign to VMs is" $RAM"GB.`nYour Hyper-V host," $getName", has the following amount of RAM to assign:" Get-WmiObject -Class win32_computersystem -ComputerName . | fl @{Name="Available memory (GB)";e={[math]::truncate($_.TotalPhysicalMemory /1GB)}} write-host "Do you want to change the amount of RAM assigned to VMs?" -ForegroundColor Yellow $Readhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($ReadHost) { Y { $inputValue = "" do { $inputValid = [int]::TryParse((Read-Host "`nHow many Gigabytes of RAM do you want to assign to VMs?"), [ref]$inputValue) if (-not $inputValid) { Write-Host "Enter a valid number..." -ForegroundColor Red } } while (-not $inputValid) write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`nVMs will be created with "$inputValue"GB of RAM.`n" $RAM = $inputValue } N {write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`n Default selected.`n"} } $RAMAssigned = $RAM * 1073741824 # "Default 2GB = 2 * 1073741824 (2,147,483,648)." if ($Readhost){} else{write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`n Default selected. `n"} #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ##################################### NETWORK SWITCH ########################################## write-host " Virtual Network Switch "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black write-host "`nDo you want to put the VMs on a virtual switch?" -ForegroundColor Yellow $Readhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($ReadHost) { Y { Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing $form = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form $form.Text = 'Virtual Switch' $Form.TopMost = $true $form.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(300,200) $form.StartPosition = 'CenterScreen' $okButton = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button $okButton.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(75,120) $okButton.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(75,23) $okButton.Text = 'OK' $okButton.DialogResult = [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK $form.AcceptButton = $okButton $form.Controls.Add($okButton) $cancelButton = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button $cancelButton.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(150,120) $cancelButton.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(75,23) $cancelButton.Text = 'Cancel' $cancelButton.DialogResult = [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::Cancel $form.CancelButton = $cancelButton $form.Controls.Add($cancelButton) $label = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label $label.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,20) $label.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(280,20) $label.Text = 'Select a virtual switch to use:' $form.Controls.Add($label) $listBox = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ListBox $listBox.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,40) $listBox.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(260,20) $listBox.Height = 80 $swi = get-vmswitch | Select-Object -Property Name write-host ForEach ($item in $swi) { $item = """?($item)""" $item = $item.Remove(0,10); $item = $item.trimEnd("})""") [void] $listBox.Items.Add($item) } $form.Controls.Add($listBox) $form.Topmost = $true $result = $form.ShowDialog() if ($result -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK) { $x = $listBox.SelectedItem if($x){$SwitchToUse = $x;$VMSwitch=$x;write-host -ForegroundColor Green "$VMSwitch will be used." } Else{$VMSwitch = "No virtual switch selected.";write-host -ForegroundColor Green $VMSwitch`n} } $VMSwitch = $SwitchToUse if ($result -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::Cancel) {$VMSwitch = "No virtual switch selected.";write-host -ForegroundColor Green $VMSwitch`n} } N {} } If ($readhost -ne "y"){ $VMSwitch = "No virtual switch selected." write-host -ForeGroundColor Green "$VMSwitch`n" } #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ######################################### ISO ################################################# write-host "`n" write-host " Operating System ISO "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black write-host "`nDo you want to mount an Operating System .ISO?" -ForegroundColor Yellow $Readhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is N)" Switch ($ReadHost) { Y { $file = Get-File If ($file){$ISO = $file;write-host -ForegroundColor Green `n"The VM will be set to boot from: $ISO.`n"} Else {Write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`nBrowse cancelled by user. No .ISO will be mounted."; $ISO = "No .ISO selected."} } N {} } If ($readhost -ne "y"){ $ISO = "No .ISO selected." write-host "`n" write-host -ForegroundColor Green "An .ISO will not be mounted.`n" } #endregion *********************************************************************************************** #region #################################### NAMING PREFIX ############################################ write-host " Virtual Machine Naming Prefix "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black write-host "`nThe VM name prefix will be followed by -999 where 999 is three random numbers.`n" -ForegroundColor Yellow $Prefix = read-host "Enter a VM naming prefix (default is $VMPrefix)" If ($Prefix -ne ""){$VMPrefix = $Prefix} Write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`nVM names will start with $VMPrefix.`n" #endregion *********************************************************************************************** #region ################################ NUMBER OF VMs TO CREATE ###################################### write-host " Number of VMs to Create "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black write-host -ForegroundColor Yellow "`nHow many VMs do you want to create?`n" $inputValue = "" do { $inputValid = [int]::TryParse((Read-Host "Enter the number of VMs to create"), [ref]$inputValue) if (-not $inputValid) { Write-Host "Enter a valid number..." -ForegroundColor Red } } while (-not $inputValid) $VMNumber = $inputValue write-host -ForegroundColor Green `n"$VMNumber VMs will be created.`n" start-sleep -seconds 2;CLS # Give time to read last confirmation before clearing screen. #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ###################################### SUMMARY ################################################ write-host " Summary "`n -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Black write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "`nVMs will be stored here: "$VMPath write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "Hard disks will be stored here: "$HDPath If ($vhdx -ne ""){write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "Differencing disks master at: "$masterVHDX} write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "VMs will have this much RAM: "$RAM"GB" write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "Network switch to use: "$VMSwitch write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "This .ISO will be mounted: "$ISO write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "VM names will start with: "$VMPrefix write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "Number of VMs to create: "$VMnumber Write-host -ForeGroundColor Cyan "`n`nTo modify the default values used by the script, edit the default parameter`nsettings at the top of the script. If you installed the script using the `nInstall-Script Create-TestVMs PowerShell command, the script can be found at `n$env:ProgramFiles\WindowsPowerShell\Scripts.`n" write-host -ForeGroundColor Green "`nReady to create VMs!`n" write-host -ForeGroundColor Yellow "Continue (Y) or Cancel (N)?" $Readhost = Read-Host " [Y] [N] (Default is Y)" Switch ($ReadHost) { Y {} N {return} } If ($readhost -ne "n"){} #endregion ******************************************************************************************** #region ##################################### CREATE VMs ############################################## # If alternate VM storage paths were provided, update them on the hyper-v host now: Set-VMHost -VirtualMachinePath $vmpath Set-VMHost -VirtualHardDiskPath $hdpath # Using differencing disks If($vhdx -ne "") { $masterVHDX = $HDPath+"\Master-"+$nameEnd+"\" # Create master directory new-item $masterVHDX -ItemType Directory # Copy master VHDX into master directory write-host "Copying master hard disk file...`n" # Copy-Item -Path $vhdx -Destination $masterVHDX Start-BitsTransfer -Source $vhdx -Destination $masterVHDX -Description "Copying $vhdx to $masterVHDX" -DisplayName "Copying master hard disk file." #Set the parent VHDX as Read-Only Set-ItemProperty -Path $masterVHDX"\*.vhdx" -Name IsReadOnly -Value $true Add-Content $masterVHDX"ReadMe.txt" "These VMs are using differencing disks based on this master disk:" for ($i=1; $i -le $VMnumber; $i++) { $VMSuffix = get-random -minimum 100 -maximum 999 $VMname = $VMPrefix + "-" + $VMSuffix # Create differencing disk in HD location $masterVhdxName = Get-ChildItem $masterVHDX*.vhdx | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name write-host "Creating differencing disk for"$VMName"...`n" $parentPath = $masterVHDX+$masterVhdxName $vhdPath = $HDPath + "\" + $vmname + "\" + $vmname + ".vhdx" $vhdxDiff = New-VHD -Path $vhdPath -ParentPath $parentPath -Differencing # Create VM, but first check for network switch If ($VMSwitch -ne "No virtual switch selected."){ new-vm -Name $VMName -Path $VMPath"\" -Generation 2 -VHDPath $vhdPath -BootDevice VHD -MemoryStartupBytes $RAMAssigned -SwitchName $VMSwitch } Else{ new-vm -Name $VMName -Path $VMPath"\" -Generation 2 -VHDPath $vhdPath -BootDevice VHD -MemoryStartupBytes $RAMAssigned } # Adding an ISO to the VM? If ($ISO -ne "No .ISO selected."){ Add-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMname -Path $ISO $bootorder = (Get-VMFirmware -VMName $vmname).bootorder | Sort-Object -Property Device Get-VM -VMName $VMname | Set-VMFirmware -BootOrder $bootorder} Set-VMKeyProtector -VMName $VMName -NewLocalKeyProtector Enable-VMTPM -VMName $VMName Set-VM -Name $VMName -ProcessorCount 4 -SmartPagingFilePath $HDPath -AutomaticStartAction StartIfRunning -DynamicMemory # Add VM SN# to Hyper-V VM notes to make it easier to find for Autopilot maintenance. $sn = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName . -Namespace root\virtualization\v2 -class Msvm_VirtualSystemSettingData ` | ? {$_.elementName -eq $VMName} ` | Select -ExpandProperty BIOSSerialNumber $vm = Get-VM -Name $VMName Set-VM -VM $vm -Notes "$($vm.Notes) VM serial number is: $sn." -Confirm:$false # Add master disk location used by differencing disk to VM notes Set-VM -VM $vm -Notes "$($vm.Notes) `n`nThis VM is using differencing disks. Its master disk is located at $masterVHDX." -Confirm:$false #Checkpoint the VM at pre-out of box experience state. write-host "Creating OOBE checkpoint" Get-VM $VMName -ComputerName . | checkpoint-vm -SnapshotName "OOBE" write-host "Starting "$VMName`n Start-VM $VMname Add-Content $masterVHDX"ReadMe.txt" $VMname } } # Not using differencing disks Else{ for ($i=1; $i -le $VMnumber; $i++) { $VMSuffix = get-random -minimum 100 -maximum 999 $VMname = $VMPrefix + "-" + $VMSuffix $vhdPath = $HDPath + "\" + $vmname + "\" + $vmname + ".vhdx" # Create VM, but first check for network switch If ($VMSwitch -ne "No virtual switch selected."){ New-VM -Name $VMname -Path $VMpath -Generation 2 -NewVHDSizeBytes 127GB -NewVHDPath $vhdPath -MemoryStartupBytes $RAMAssigned -SwitchName $VMSwitch } Else{ New-VM -Name $VMname -Path $VMpath -Generation 2 -NewVHDSizeBytes 127GB -NewVHDPath $vhdPath -MemoryStartupBytes $RAMAssigned } # Adding an ISO to the VM? If ($ISO -ne "No .ISO selected."){ Add-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMname -Path $ISO $bootorder = (Get-VMFirmware -VMName $vmname).bootorder | Sort-Object -Property Device Get-VM -VMName $VMname | Set-VMFirmware -BootOrder $bootorder} Set-VMKeyProtector -VMName $VMName -NewLocalKeyProtector Enable-VMTPM -VMName $VMName Set-VM -Name $VMName -ProcessorCount 4 -SmartPagingFilePath $HDPath -AutomaticStartAction StartIfRunning -DynamicMemory # Add VM SN# to Hyper-V VM notes to make it easier to find for Autopilot maintenance. $sn = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName . -Namespace root\virtualization\v2 -class Msvm_VirtualSystemSettingData ` | ? {$_.elementName -eq $VMName} ` | Select -ExpandProperty BIOSSerialNumber $vm = Get-VM -Name $VMName Set-VM -VM $vm -Notes "$($vm.Notes) VM serial number is: $sn." -Confirm:$false } write-host -ForegroundColor Cyan "Created $vmname!" Start-VM $VMname start-sleep 1 } write-host -ForegroundColor Green "`n`nComplete!`n" #endregion ******************************************************************************************** exit |